Refrigeration snow making system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration and snow making, and particularly relates to a refrigeration and snow making system which comprises a water collection and distribution unit, a jet air supply unit and a compression refrigeration unit. The water gathering and distributing unit comprises a snowmaking water tank, a water pump and a water gathering and distributing pipe, the water pump is used for connecting the snowmaking water tank with the water gathering and distributing pipe, the water gathering and distributing pipe is provided with a first distributing pipe and a second distributing pipe, and the unit water yield of the first distributing pipe is larger than that of the second distributing pipe; the jet air supply unit comprises a driving fan and a nucleon device nozzle, the driving fan is provided with an impeller, the first distribution pipe is used for spraying a high-pressure water column on the impeller, the impeller is used for scattering and atomizing the water column to form high-pressure water mist under high-speed operation, and the nucleon device nozzle is connected with the second distribution pipe; the nucleon device nozzle is used for spraying a stable snow nucleus formed by the high-pressure water column to be in contact with the high-pressure water mist, attached and condensed into the stable snow nucleus; the heat absorption end of the compression refrigeration unit is connected with the nucleon device nozzle and used for cooling the nucleon device nozzle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration and snowmaking, and in particular relates to a refrigeration and snowmaking system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the skiing fever in China, ice and snow sports and ice and snow tourism have experienced unprecedented vigorous development, and winter skiing and snow viewing have become fashionable. In recent years, there have been hundreds of winter ski resorts in northern cities, and the number is still increasing year by year. However, the industry is greatly affected by natural factors, and the amount of natural snow is far from meeting the demand, which requires a large amount of artificial snow to supplement it. Moreover, artificial snow is in the form of irregular small particles due to its short crystallization time, which is different from the natural hexagonal snowflake crystals. Artificial snow has high viscosity and good plasticity, and is more suitable for skiing venues than natural snowflakes. Therefore, artificial snowmaking technology plays a pivotal role in winter sports venues.

[0003] At present, the common traditional artificial snowmaking equipment is mainly based on the external hybrid wind snowmaking system. The external hybrid wind snowmaking system usually has a shell, which is a hollow cylinder with two sides open. One side of the shell is radially connected to a number of water nozzles, which are responsible for spraying water mist into the external environment. A fan is provided at an appropriate position inside the shell to bring in a large amount of external air to promote the uniform dispersion and condensation of water mist. Its structural design is intended to simulate the natural snowfall process, spraying water mist into the air through wind power, so that it condenses into snow in a low temperature environment. It mainly relies on the natural wind power snowmaking method. The snowmaking process will be affected and restricted by environmental factors such as wind speed and humidity, resulting in unstable snow quality and low snowmaking efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration snowmaking system that is not affected by environmental factors, can effectively improve the snowmaking efficiency, has a better snowmaking effect, and has a more stable snowmaking quality.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: A refrigeration and snowmaking system, comprising: A water collection and distribution unit, comprising a snowmaking water tank, a water pump, and a water collection and distribution pipe, wherein the input end of the water pump is connected to the snowmaking water tank, and the output end is connected to the water collection and distribution pipe, wherein the water collection and distribution pipe comprises a first distribution pipe and a second distribution pipe, and the unit water output of the first distribution pipe is greater than the unit water output of the second distribution pipe; The jet air supply unit comprises a driving fan and a nucleator nozzle, wherein the driving fan has an impeller, the water outlet of the first distribution pipe is disposed in the driving fan and on one side of the impeller, and is used to spray the water column on the impeller, and the impeller is used to break up the water column into atomized water mist during operation, and the nucleator nozzle is connected to the second distribution pipe; A compression refrigeration unit, wherein the refrigeration cycle working fluid is carbon dioxide, and the heat absorption end of the compression refrigeration unit is connected to the nucleon nozzle, and is used to cool the nucleon nozzle by condensing and gasifying the carbon dioxide in a cyclic conversion; The nucleator nozzle is used to cool down the cycle of the compression refrigeration unit, so that the incoming water column is formed into a stable snow core and is sprayed out and contacts with the water mist, so that the water mist adheres to the snow core and condenses into stable snow crystals.

[0006] Preferably, the compression refrigeration unit comprises: A carbon dioxide compressor is used to pressurize the input atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide gas; A condenser, whose input port is connected to the output end of the carbon dioxide compressor, and the condenser is used to condense the pressurized carbon dioxide gas into pressurized carbon dioxide liquid through heat exchange; an evaporator, whose input port is connected to the output port of the condenser, the evaporator is used to exchange heat with the external environment to achieve expansion and gasification of the pressurized carbon dioxide liquid, and the evaporator is connected to the nucleator nozzle; The cooler has an input port connected to the output port of the evaporator, and an output port connected to the input end of the carbon dioxide compressor. The cooler is used to convert the carbon dioxide gas expanded and gasified by the evaporator into normal pressure carbon dioxide gas and then input it into the carbon dioxide compressor.

[0007] Preferably, the ratio of the unit water output of the first distribution pipe to the unit water output of the second distribution pipe is 4:1.

[0008] Preferably, an expansion and contraction tube is further provided between the second distribution pipe and the nucleator nozzle, the input end of the expansion and contraction tube is communicated with the second distribution pipe, and the output end is communicated with the nucleator nozzle.

[0009] Preferably, the actual heat absorption of the evaporator required for the nucleator nozzle to produce stable snow cores per unit time is calculated according to the following formula: = / η, in, = *δT*G, In the formula, is the theoretical heat absorption of the evaporator, is the actual heat absorption of the evaporator, η is the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator, is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of water at room temperature, G is the amount of water used per unit time, and δT is the change in ambient temperature.

[0010] Preferably, the power of the carbon dioxide compressor required for the stable snow cores produced per unit time by the nucleator nozzle is calculated according to the following formula: = / t , In the formula, is the power of the CO2 compressor, is the actual heat absorption of the evaporator, t For time, t =3600, in seconds.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a mechanical transmission and energy storage unit, and the mechanical transmission and energy storage unit includes: Hydraulic pump, used to store energy or increase pressure of input hydraulic oil; An accumulator, whose input port is connected to the hydraulic pump outlet, and whose output port is connected to the water pump and the driving fan respectively through the hydraulic motor, and the accumulator is used to store hydraulic oil and deliver it to the hydraulic motor; An oil cooler is arranged between the accumulator and the hydraulic motor, with its input port connected to the output end of the accumulator, and its output end connected to the hydraulic motor, for cooling the hydraulic oil of the entire hydraulic transmission part, and the oil cooler is fitted with the body of the snowmaking water tank, for exchanging heat between the hydraulic oil carrying heat and the snowmaking water tank; The clutch is arranged at the output end of the hydraulic motor and is used to control the transmission of the hydraulic motor between the water pump and the driving fan.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a wind-solar integrated power generation unit, and the wind-solar integrated power generation unit includes: Photovoltaic generators and wind turbines, which convert solar and wind energy into electrical energy; A controller, electrically connected to the photovoltaic generator and the wind generator, respectively, for distributing the generated electric energy; An inverter, electrically connected to the controller, for converting direct current into alternating current to provide electrical energy for an AC load; The battery is electrically connected to the controller and is used to store direct current or supply direct current loads.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the refrigeration and snowmaking system of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. When the system is making artificial snow, the water in the snowmaking water tank is pumped to the water collection and distribution pipe for diversion by a water pump. The diverted water is sprayed onto the impeller driving the fan through the first distribution pipe, and another water column is delivered to the nucleator nozzle through the second distribution pipe. The water column sprayed onto the impeller collides with the water column by the high-speed operation of the impeller, and the water column is atomized to form water mist. The water column delivered to the nucleator nozzle is condensed to form snow nuclei and diffused through the nucleator nozzle under the refrigeration effect of the compression refrigeration unit, and then the diffused water mist is fully contacted with the snow nucleus, so that the water mist adheres to the snow nucleus and condenses into stable snow crystals, completing snowmaking. Therefore, this snowmaking method is not affected by environmental factors, can effectively improve the snowmaking efficiency, and has better snowmaking effect and more stable snowmaking quality. 2. This system uses conventional carbon dioxide compression refrigeration to improve the refrigeration components of the artificial snowmaking machine, which greatly improves the problems of traditional artificial snowmaking machines such as high energy consumption and easy pollution. In addition, carbon dioxide is used as a circulating working fluid, and the evaporation temperature of carbon dioxide is effectively used to meet the ambient temperature requirements of artificial snowmaking, so there will be no energy waste; 3. When the nucleus nozzle of this system produces snow cores, the high-pressure and low-temperature water mist in the scattered state by the impeller is quickly adsorbed onto the stable snow core to form snowflakes. Compared with other snowmaking methods such as the external mixed wind snowmaking system, its snowmaking efficiency is higher and the snowmaking effect is the best; 4. The system can realize off-grid power generation, heating, and snowmaking, effectively solving the electricity and energy consumption problems of the ski resort. Compared with access to the power grid, it can greatly reduce the cost of power transmission and transformation and improve the economy of the ski resort. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall mechanical structure of the system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the jet air supply unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a compression refrigeration unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of system design in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a wind-solar integrated power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a flow chart of a compression refrigeration unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the coordinates of the reverse Carnot cycle in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure numerals: 1. wind turbine; 2. photovoltaic panel; 3. carbon dioxide compressor; 4. condenser; 5. cooler; 6. evaporator; 7. jet air supply unit; 8. drive fan; 9. first distribution pipe; 10. nucleator nozzle; 11. second distribution pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0017] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0019] See also Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in order to effectively improve the snow-making efficiency, achieve better snow-making effects and more stable snow-making quality without being affected by environmental factors during the artificial snow-making process, this embodiment provides a refrigeration snow-making system, including a water collection and distribution unit, a jet air supply unit 7, and a compression refrigeration unit.

[0020] The water collection and distribution unit includes a snowmaking water tank, a water pump, and a water collection and distribution pipe. The input end of the water pump is connected to the snowmaking water tank, and the output end is connected to the water collection and distribution pipe. The water collection and distribution pipe has a first distribution pipe 9 and a second distribution pipe 11. The unit water output of the first distribution pipe 9 is greater than the unit water output of the second distribution pipe 11; further, it is advisable to set the ratio of the unit water output of the first distribution pipe 9 to the unit water output of the second distribution pipe 11 to be 4:1. The jet air supply unit 7 includes a driving fan 8 and a nucleator nozzle 10. The driving fan 8 has an impeller. The first distribution pipe 9 is connected to the driving fan 8 and is used to spray the water column pressurized by the water pump onto the impeller. The impeller is used to break up the water column and atomize it into high-pressure water mist under high-speed operation. The nucleator nozzle 10 is connected to the second distribution pipe 11. The nucleator nozzle 10 is used to cool the water column entering its interior to form a stable snow core that is sprayed out and contacts the high-pressure water mist, so that the high-pressure water mist adheres to the snow core and condenses into stable snow crystals; the compression refrigeration unit has its heat absorption end connected to the nucleator nozzle 10, and is used to continuously cool the nucleator nozzle 10.

[0021] Specifically, the system cooperates with the above-mentioned components. When making artificial snow, a water pump is used to pump the water in the snowmaking water tank in a high-pressure state to the water collecting and distributing pipe for diversion. After the diverted water is further pressurized, a high-pressure water column is sprayed onto the impeller of the driving fan 8 through the first distributing pipe 9, and another high-pressure water column is delivered to the nucleator nozzle 10 through the second distributing pipe 11. The high-pressure water column sprayed onto the impeller collides with the water column due to the high-speed operation of the impeller, and the water column is broken up and atomized to form a high-pressure water mist. The high-pressure water column delivered to the nucleator nozzle 10 is condensed by the nucleator nozzle 10 to form a snow core diffusion under the refrigeration effect of the compression refrigeration unit, and then the diffused high-pressure water mist is fully contacted with the snow core, so that the high-pressure water mist adheres to the snow core and condenses into a stable snow core, thereby completing snowmaking. Therefore, this snowmaking method is not affected by environmental factors, can effectively improve the snowmaking efficiency, and has a better snowmaking effect and a more stable snowmaking quality.

[0022] See also Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the compression refrigeration unit uses carbon dioxide as the refrigeration cycle working fluid, and the heat absorption end of the compression refrigeration unit is connected to the nucleator nozzle 10, which is used to cool the nucleator nozzle 10 by condensing and gasifying the carbon dioxide. Specifically, the compression refrigeration unit includes a carbon dioxide compressor 3, a condenser 4, an evaporator 6 and a cooler 5. The carbon dioxide compressor 3 is used to pressurize the input normal-pressure carbon dioxide gas to form high-pressure carbon dioxide gas; the input port of the condenser 4 is connected to the output end of the carbon dioxide compressor 3, and the condenser 4 is used to heat exchange and condense the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas into high-pressure carbon dioxide liquid; the input port of the evaporator 6 is connected to the output end of the condenser 4, and the evaporator 6 is used to exchange heat with the external environment to achieve expansion and gasification of the high-pressure carbon dioxide liquid, and the evaporator 6 is connected to the nucleator nozzle 10; the input port of the cooler 5 is connected to the output end of the evaporator 6, and the output port is connected to the input end of the carbon dioxide compressor 3, and the cooler 5 is used to convert the carbon dioxide gas gasified by the evaporator 6 into normal-pressure carbon dioxide gas and input it to the carbon dioxide compressor 3 again.

[0023] According to the above design, the actual heat absorption of the evaporator 6 required for the nucleator nozzle 10 to produce stable snow cores per unit time can be calculated according to the following formula: = / η, in, = *δT*G, In the formula, is the theoretical heat absorption of evaporator 6, is the actual heat absorption of the evaporator 6, η is the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 6, is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of water at room temperature, G is the amount of water used per unit time, and δT is the change in ambient temperature.

[0024] The power of the carbon dioxide compressor 3 required for the stable snow cores produced by the nucleator nozzle 10 unit time is calculated according to the following formula: = / t , In the formula, is the power of the carbon dioxide compressor 3, is the actual heat absorption of the evaporator 6, t For time, t =3600, in seconds.

[0025] See also Figures 1 to 6 As shown, further, in order to improve the snow-forming efficiency, make the snow-forming effect better and the snow-forming quality more stable, an expansion and contraction pipe is also arranged between the second distribution pipe 11 and the nucleator nozzle 10, and the input end of the expansion and contraction pipe is connected to the second distribution pipe 11, and the output end is connected to the nucleator nozzle 10. The design of the expansion and contraction pipe includes a gradually contracting section, a throat section and a gradually expanding section. This design helps to improve the atomization performance. By controlling the flow path of the gas, the expansion and contraction pipe can accelerate the gas, reach the maximum speed in the throat section, and then decelerate in the gradually expanding section. This acceleration and deceleration process helps to refine the droplets, thereby improving the efficiency and uniformity of the spraying and dispersion of the water mist from the nucleator nozzle 10, and achieving an improvement in the snow-making efficiency.

[0026] See also Figure 4As shown, the system also includes a mechanical transmission and energy storage unit, which includes a hydraulic pump, an accumulator, a hydraulic motor, an oil cooler 5 and a clutch. The input end of the hydraulic pump is connected to the transmission in the wind-solar integrated power generation unit. The mechanical transmission and energy storage unit is used to store energy in the hydraulic oil in the transmission and to increase the pressure of the hydraulic oil with unqualified pressure to form high-pressure hydraulic oil, ensuring that the hydraulic oil delivered to the accumulator meets the working requirements. The input port of the accumulator is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump, and the output port is connected to the water pump and the drive fan 8 respectively through the hydraulic motor. The accumulator is used to store and deliver the high-pressure hydraulic oil to the hydraulic motor. The high-pressure oil provided provides power for the hydraulic motor and then enables the water pump and the drive fan 8 to work normally, thereby improving energy utilization. The oil cooler is arranged between the accumulator and the hydraulic motor, and its input port is connected to the output end of the accumulator, and the output end is connected to the hydraulic motor, and is used to cool the hydraulic oil of the entire hydraulic transmission part. The oil cooler is fitted with the box body of the snowmaking water tank or the two are covered together with a shell, and is used to exchange heat with the snowmaking water tank through the hydraulic oil carrying heat, so as to ensure that the water inside the snowmaking water tank will not freeze due to the external environment during the operation, so that the water in the snowmaking water tank can flow freely, which is convenient for the normal progress of snowmaking. Furthermore, a clutch is also arranged at the output end of the hydraulic motor, which can effectively protect and control the hydraulic motor, ensure the stability of the transmission of the entire system, and realize the change of torque so that the system can realize the change of snowmaking and heating modes, and reduce the harm caused by the sudden change of the torque of the mechanism.

[0027] See also Figure 4 As shown, it also includes a wind-solar integrated power generation unit, which includes a photovoltaic generator, a wind power generator, a controller, an inverter and a battery. The photovoltaic generator uses a photovoltaic panel 2 to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the wind power generator is composed of a wind turbine 1, a rectifier and a wind power converter, which converts the mechanical energy obtained by using wind energy into electrical energy. The input end of the controller is electrically connected to the photovoltaic generator and the wind power generator respectively, and the output end is electrically connected to the input end of the battery and the inverter respectively, and the output end of the battery is also electrically connected to the DC load device and the inverter respectively. The photovoltaic generator and the wind power generator convert solar energy and wind energy into direct current, and a part of the direct current is directly converted into alternating current under the action of the inverter through the distribution of the controller to supply the corresponding AC load in the system, and the other part is distributed to the battery through the controller for storage and standby, which is convenient for emergency or special use. At the same time, the electricity generated by the wind-solar integrated power generation unit can also power the snow field lighting, drive the fan 8 for defrosting, and heat the snowmaking water tank and other snow field settings, which has the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

[0028] The advantages of the above design in practical applications are as follows: The team used Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, as the test site for the snowmaking system. By consulting the research papers, they found that the snow cores produced by their artificial snowmaking machines were the most stable at -2℃--5.5℃, and the quality was better than the snow cores produced at other temperatures. By consulting and calculating the average winter temperature in Urumqi, it was found that the average winter temperature was 4℃. The team made a rough estimate of the water required for snowmaking and the heat released, and came up with the following calculation process:

[0029] 1. Calculation of water consumption for snow core stabilization in unit system By comparing the common artificial snowmaking machines on the market, the team set the snowmaking efficiency of this system at 60m³ / h, and the water consumption per unit time is 4m³ / h. Because in the snowmaking process, only the high-pressure water mist of the nucleator nozzle 10 is used to absorb the cold during the evaporative cooling process, so after consulting the models of artificial snowmaking machines of multiple brands, the ratio of the water volume required by the nucleator nozzle 10 and the water volume dispersed by the impeller is set to 1:4, that is, the ratio of the unit water output of the first distribution pipe 9 to the unit water output of the second distribution pipe 11 is set to 4:1 (a total of 125 water pipes are set through the water collection distribution pipe, of which 25 are supplied to the nucleator nozzle 10 to produce snow cores), and because the density of the snow made by the artificial snowmaking machine is ρsnow=1 / 15ρwater, the calculation can be carried out:

[0030] ρsnow:ρwater=1:15 Snowmaking capacity per unit time: 60m³ / h.

[0031] From the density ratio, we know that the water consumption per unit time is 4m³ / h.

[0032] The water requirement of the nuclear device nozzle 10: the water volume dispersed by the impeller is 1:4.

[0033] That is to say, the water consumption per unit time for stable snow core is 0.8m³ / h.

[0034] 2. Further, the amount of stable snow core produced per unit time, the amount of heat actually required by the evaporator 6 and the power of the carbon dioxide compressor 3 are calculated as follows: From the above compression process, it can be seen that this compression refrigeration system is a reverse Carnot refrigeration cycle, and its process satisfies Figure 7 The relationship between pressure and specific volume is shown; the following is an explanation of the thermodynamic process of the Carnot cycle in this system: (one), Figure 7 ( ɑ )for pv Diagram (pressure-specific volume diagram) Coordinate meaning: horizontal coordinate v Indicates specific volume, that is, the volume occupied by unit mass of working fluid. p Indicates pressure.

[0035] Diagram letters and process explanation: (1) ɑ Click to b Point: This is an isothermal expansion process. Absorbs heat from high temperature heat source q 1 , the pressure decreases, the specific volume increases, and work is done externally. Because it is an isothermal process, the internal energy of the working fluid remains unchanged. According to the first law of thermodynamics, all the absorbed heat is converted into work done externally.

[0036] (2) b Click to c Point: This is an adiabatic expansion process. The working fluid does not exchange heat with the outside world (adiabatic), but due to the work done outside, the internal energy of the working fluid decreases and the temperature rises from Reduce to , the pressure continues to decrease and the specific volume further increases.

[0037] (3) c Click to d Point: This is an isothermal compression process. Release heat downward to the low temperature heat source q 2 , the pressure increases, the specific volume decreases, and the outside world does work on the working fluid. Also because it is an isothermal process, the internal energy of the working fluid remains unchanged, and all the work done by the outside world on the working fluid is converted into heat and released.

[0038] (4) d Click to ɑ Point: This is an adiabatic compression process. There is no heat exchange between the working fluid and the outside world. The outside world does work on the working fluid, the internal energy of the working fluid increases, and the temperature rises from Raise to , the pressure increases, the specific volume decreases, and returns to the initial state ɑ Click to complete a cycle.

[0039] It represents the net work done by the working fluid on the outside during the entire cycle, which is equal to the area enclosed by the cycle curve (the shaded part).

[0040] (two), Figure 7 (b) -s Graph (Temperature-Entropy Graph) Coordinate meaning: horizontal coordinate s represents entropy, which is a thermodynamic state parameter that indicates the degree of disorder or chaos of the system. Indicates temperature.

[0041] Diagram letters and process explanation: (1) ɑ Click to bPoint: It is also an isothermal expansion process, the temperature is kept unchanged, entropy increases, and the working fluid absorbs heat from the high temperature heat source q 1 , the heat absorbed is equal to the temperature in the process and entropy increase s ab The product of q 1 = s ab .

[0042] (2) b Click to c Point: Adiabatic expansion process, entropy remains unchanged, temperature changes from Reduce to .

[0043] (3) c Click to d Point: Isothermal compression process, temperature maintained unchanged, entropy decreases, and the working fluid releases heat to the low-temperature heat source q 2 , the heat released is equal to q 2 = s ab (because c arrive d The entropy change of the process ɑ arrive b The entropy change of the process is equal).

[0044] (4) d Click to ɑ Point: Adiabatic compression process, entropy remains unchanged, temperature changes from Raise to .

[0045] The net work done by the working fluid in the entire cycle Equal to the amount of heat absorbed from a high temperature heat source q 1 Subtract the heat released to the low temperature heat source q 2 ,Right now q 1 - q 2 = , which is also reflected in the area enclosed by the cycle curve in the figure.

[0046] Therefore, by consulting the data, the initial temperature is set =4℃(T1=277.15K), evaporation temperature = -5℃, ( =268.15K), thus combining Figure 7 , the cycle refrigeration coefficient in this compression refrigeration process can be calculated: , In the formula, is the cycle refrigeration coefficient, The net work done by the working fluid to the outside during the entire cycle (the useful work done by the system when it is working), is the heat carried by the working fluid in the system, is the heat carried by the working fluid when it reaches the snow-forming temperature, is the initial temperature, is the evaporation temperature.

[0047] Substituting the data, we get: The cycle refrigeration coefficient is =268.15K / (277.15-268.15)K=29.8.

[0048] It is known that the constant pressure specific heat capacity of water is generally: = 4.1868 kJ / (kg*K) .

[0049] The theoretical heat absorption of the evaporator is for: = *δT*G ( is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of working fluid water, δT is the ambient temperature change, G is the amount of water used to stabilize the snow core per unit time), The input data are: =4.1868kJ / (kg*K)*9K*800kg / h=30144.96kJ / h.

[0050] Assume that the heat exchange efficiency of evaporator 6 is η=0.8.

[0051] The actual heat absorbed by the evaporator 6 is for: = / η =30.144.96kJ / h / 0.8=37681.2kJ / h.

[0052] If there is no energy loss except for evaporation heat transfer, then the first law of energy shows that: Q = δU + W ( Q is the heat absorbed by the system from the environment, W The work done by the environment on the system, δU change in the internal energy of the system).

[0053] The energy loss caused by the external environment is: δU =0, then Q=W Right now Convert from unit: kJ=kW*s It is known that the carbon dioxide compressor power required by the system is = / 3600=10.467kW.

[0054] 3. The power of water pump and wind turbine is determined and calculated as follows: Water supply per unit time set by the system: 4m 2 / h; determine that the flow rate of water in the water pump is 670L / min, then after rough calculation, select the specification of 370W, 220V (flow rate is 5m³ / h).

[0055] The power of the water pump unit =0.34kW.

[0056] In order to meet the air consumption of the system's nuclear device nozzle 10 and the snow head problem, a BT35 axial flow drive fan is selected, with a specification of 2.2kW and an air volume of 8600m³ / h per unit time (wind speed of 3.041627m / s).

[0057] The power to drive the fan unit is =2.2kW.

[0058] 4. The total power consumption and the specifications of wind and solar integrated power generation equipment are calculated as follows The total power of the system is known = + + ,Right now: =10.467+0.37+2.2=13.037kW.

[0059] By looking up the table, we can know that the annual average sunshine time in Urumqi is 7.4h / day; the average wind speed is 3.8m / s (meeting the power generation requirements of wind turbines).

[0060] A 700W solar photovoltaic panel and a 500W wind turbine (with a wind energy utilization rate of 25%) are selected.

[0061] By calculation, the average daily power generation of photovoltaic panels is =700W*7.4h=5.15kW*h.

[0062] The average daily electricity output of wind turbines is =500W*24h*0.25=3kW*h.

[0063] The average daily power output of a single wind-solar integrated generator set is for: = + =5.15+3=8.15kW*h.

[0064] Because the total system power It is 13.037kW, and the artificial snowmaking machine is used to make up for the loss caused to the natural ski resort during skiing, so its working time will not last for a long time. Therefore, it only needs to be equipped with two sets of integrated wind and solar generators to meet the snowmaking needs of general ski resorts.

[0065] This system also has the following advantages through application: (1) This system uses conventional compression of carbon dioxide to improve the refrigeration components of the artificial snowmaking machine, greatly improving the problems of traditional artificial snowmaking machines, such as high power consumption and easy pollution. In addition, carbon dioxide is used as a circulating working fluid, which effectively utilizes the evaporation temperature of carbon dioxide to be more in line with the ambient temperature requirements of artificial snowmaking, and no energy waste occurs.

[0066] (2) This system uses wind and solar power generation technology, and based on this energy supply mode, the original snowmaking system is equipped with snow field lighting, which drives the blade defrosting of the fan 8 and other functions. We distribute the mechanical energy generated by the operation of the wind turbine 1 to the hydraulic pump and the battery in a certain proportion, which can enhance the utilization rate of wind energy. At the same time, the oil cooler in the hydraulic pump can also meet the antifreeze needs of the injection components through heat exchange, and the heat released can also be used in some places in the snow field where heat is needed.

[0067] (3) The internal mixing wind snowmaking system is adopted. When the nucleus is generated in the nucleator nozzle 10, the high-pressure and low-temperature water mist in the scattered state by the impeller is quickly adsorbed onto the stable snow core to form snowflakes. Compared with the external mixing wind snowmaking system and other snowmaking methods, the snowmaking efficiency is higher, the snowmaking effect is better, and the snowmaking quality is more stable.

[0068] (4) The device can realize off-grid power generation, heating, and snowmaking, effectively solving the electricity and energy consumption problems of the ski resort. Compared with connecting to the power grid, it can significantly reduce the cost of power transmission and transformation, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the ski resort.

[0069] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A refrigeration and snowmaking system, characterized in that: include: A water collection and distribution unit comprises a snowmaking water tank, a water pump, and a water collection and distribution pipe, wherein the input end of the water pump is connected to the snowmaking water tank, and the output end is connected to the water collection and distribution pipe, the water collection and distribution pipe comprises a first distribution pipe (9) and a second distribution pipe (11), and the unit water output of the first distribution pipe (9) is greater than the unit water output of the second distribution pipe (11); The jet air supply unit (7) comprises a driving fan (8) and a nucleator nozzle (10), wherein the driving fan (8) has an impeller, and the water outlet of the first distribution pipe (9) is arranged in the driving fan (8) and on one side of the impeller, and is used to spray a water column onto the impeller, and the impeller is used to disperse and atomize the water column to form water mist during operation, and the nucleator nozzle (10) is connected to the second distribution pipe (11); A compression refrigeration unit, wherein the refrigeration cycle working fluid is carbon dioxide, and the heat absorption end of the compression refrigeration unit is connected to the nucleon nozzle (10) and is used to cool the nucleon nozzle (10) by condensing and gasifying the carbon dioxide and performing cyclic conversion; The nucleator nozzle (10) is used to cool down the cycle of the compression refrigeration unit, so that the incoming water column is sprayed into a stable snow core and contacts with the water mist, so that the water mist adheres to the snow core and condenses into stable snow crystals.

2. A refrigeration and snowmaking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression refrigeration unit comprises: A carbon dioxide compressor (3), used for increasing the pressure of input carbon dioxide gas at normal pressure; A condenser (4), the input port of which is connected to the output end of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), the condenser (4) being used to condense the pressurized carbon dioxide gas into pressurized carbon dioxide liquid through heat exchange; an evaporator (6), the input port of which is connected to the output port of the condenser (4); the evaporator (6) is used to exchange heat with the external environment to achieve expansion and gasification of the pressurized carbon dioxide liquid, and the evaporator (6) is connected to the nucleator nozzle (10); A cooler (5) has an input port connected to an output port of the evaporator (6), and an output port connected to an input end of the carbon dioxide compressor (3). The cooler (5) is used to convert the carbon dioxide gas expanded and gasified by the evaporator (6) into normal-pressure carbon dioxide gas and input it again into the carbon dioxide compressor (3).

3. A refrigeration and snowmaking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the unit water output of the first distribution pipe (9) to the unit water output of the second distribution pipe (11) is 4:

1.

4. A refrigeration and snowmaking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An expansion and contraction tube is also provided between the second distribution pipe (11) and the nucleator nozzle (10); the input end of the expansion and contraction tube is connected to the second distribution pipe (11), and the output end is connected to the nucleator nozzle (10).

5. A refrigeration and snowmaking system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The actual amount of heat absorbed by the evaporator (6) required for the nucleator nozzle (10) to produce stable snow cores per unit time is calculated according to the following formula: = / or, in, = *δT*G, In the formula, is the theoretical heat absorption of the evaporator (6), is the actual heat absorption of the evaporator (6), η is the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator (6), is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of water at room temperature, G is the amount of water used per unit time, and δT is the change in ambient temperature.

6. A refrigeration and snowmaking system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) required for the stable snow cores produced per unit time by the nucleator nozzle (10) is calculated according to the following formula: = / t ， In the formula, is the power of the CO2 compressor (3), is the actual heat absorption of the evaporator (6), t For time, t =3600, in seconds.

7. The refrigeration and snowmaking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mechanical transmission and energy storage unit, which includes: Hydraulic pump, used to store energy or increase pressure of input hydraulic oil; An accumulator, whose input port is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump, and whose output port is connected to the water pump and the driving fan (8) respectively through the hydraulic motor, and the accumulator is used to store hydraulic oil and deliver it to the hydraulic motor; An oil cooler (5) is arranged between the accumulator and the hydraulic motor, with its input port connected to the output end of the accumulator, and its output end connected to the hydraulic motor, and is used to cool the hydraulic oil of the entire hydraulic transmission part, and the oil cooler (5) is arranged in close contact with the body of the snowmaking water tank, and is used to exchange heat with the snowmaking water tank through the hydraulic oil carrying heat; A clutch is arranged at the output end of the hydraulic motor and is used to control the transmission of the hydraulic motor between the water pump and the driving fan (8).

8. The refrigeration and snowmaking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a wind-solar integrated power generation unit, the wind-solar integrated power generation unit includes: Photovoltaic generators and wind turbines, which convert solar and wind energy into electrical energy; A controller, electrically connected to the photovoltaic generator and the wind generator, respectively, for distributing the generated electric energy; An inverter, electrically connected to the controller, for converting direct current into alternating current to provide electrical energy for an AC load; The battery is electrically connected to the controller and is used to store direct current or supply direct current to a load.

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