Bead-shaped karst cave geological blasting device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a string-bead-shaped karst cave geological blasting device and method.The string-bead-shaped karst cave geological blasting device comprises a plastic sleeve, the plastic sleeve is inserted into a blasting hole, a supporting plate used for containing explosives is arranged in the plastic sleeve, the supporting plate is suspended in the plastic sleeve, a sympathetic detonation assembly is arranged in the plastic sleeve, and the blasting hole is formed in the plastic sleeve. And the position of the sympathetic detonation assembly corresponds to the position of the karst cave. According to the string-bead-shaped karst cave geological blasting device, the blasting holes are supported through the plastic sleeves, the situation that the blasting holes are sealed by soil is avoided, meanwhile, the plastic sleeves can serve as channels for storing explosives, the supporting plates can support the explosives, the string-bead-shaped karst cave geological blasting device is particularly suitable for the situation that the bottoms of the blasting holes are karst caves, in addition, the explosives can be saved through sympathetic detonation assemblies, and the blasting efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, explosives located at the upper end and the lower end of the sympathetic detonation assembly can explode through the sympathetic detonation assembly, the explosion effect is guaranteed, and the expected explosion target is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cave terrain blasting, and in particular to a beaded cave geological blasting device and method. Background Art

[0002] The formation of karst landform is mainly limestone. Karst can be divided into many different types. According to the exposure conditions, it is divided into: exposed karst, covered karst, buried karst. According to the climate zone, it is divided into: tropical karst, subtropical karst, temperate karst, cold karst, arid zone karst. According to the lithology, it is divided into: limestone karst, dolomite karst, gypsum karst, salt karst. In addition, there are different divisions based on altitude, degree of development, hydrological characteristics, formation period, etc. Phenomena similar to karst in morphology due to other different causes are collectively called pseudokarst, including debris karst, loess and clay karst, thermal melt karst and lava karst in volcanic rock areas.

[0003] There are many subtropical karst landforms in Guangxi, my country, with karst landforms as the main feature, which leads to a considerable number of caves 5 underground. When drilling and blasting in this terrain, if the blasting hole happens to pass through a cave 5, especially when the same blasting hole encounters multiple caves 5 at the same time, it will form a bead-like shape (refer to Figure 1 ), which may easily cause the dropped explosives to fall into the cave 5, thereby affecting the blasting effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a beaded cave geological blasting device and method to improve the problem that the high-altitude construction of tie beams is relatively troublesome and has high safety hazards.

[0005] The present application provides a beaded cave geological blasting device, which adopts the following technical solution: A beaded cave geological blasting device comprises a plastic sleeve which is inserted into a blasting hole, a support plate for placing explosives is arranged inside the plastic sleeve, the support plate is suspended in the plastic sleeve, a sympathetic explosion component is arranged inside the plastic sleeve, and the position of the sympathetic explosion component is arranged corresponding to the position of the cave.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, the blasting hole is supported by the plastic casing to prevent the soil from closing the blasting hole. At the same time, the plastic casing can be used as a channel for storing explosives, and the support plate can support the explosives. This is especially suitable for the case where the bottom of the blasting hole is a cave. In addition, the sympathetic detonation component can save explosives. At the same time, the sympathetic detonation component can allow the explosives at the upper and lower ends of the sympathetic detonation component to explode, thereby ensuring the explosion effect and achieving the expected blasting target.

[0007] Optionally, the sympathetic detonation assembly includes a support tube, in which a filling hole is provided along the axial direction of the support tube, and the filling hole is filled with explosives for sympathetic detonation.

[0008] Through the above technical solution, the explosives at both ends of the sympathetic detonation assembly are isolated by the support tube, and at the same time, the explosives are filled in the filling hole, so that the explosives at both ends of the sympathetic detonation assembly can be detonated together with less explosives, avoiding the situation where some explosives fail to detonate.

[0009] Optionally, the length of the support tube is equal to the height of the cave.

[0010] Through the above technical solution, there is no need for blasting at the cave. By making the support tube correspond to the position of the cave and have the same height, a great deal of explosives can be saved.

[0011] Optionally, two unloading racks are further included, the two unloading racks are arranged on the ground, each of the unloading racks is rotatably connected to a unloading roller, each of the unloading rollers is provided with a hanging rope, and the end of the hanging rope away from the unloading roller is connected to the support plate.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, the lifting and lowering of the support plate can be easily realized through the cooperation of the unloading roller and the hanging rope.

[0013] Optionally, two limiting grooves are provided on the side wall of the plastic sleeve, limiting ears cooperating with the limiting grooves are provided on the side wall of the support plate, one end of the lifting rope away from the discharge roller is connected to the limiting ear, and the lifting rope is located in the limiting groove.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the stability of the lifting and lowering of the support plate is improved through the cooperation of the limiting ears and the limiting grooves, and at the same time, the limiting grooves facilitate the movement of the lifting rope without affecting the explosives on the support plate.

[0015] Optionally, a torque sensor and a locking piece are installed on the unloading rack, and the torque sensors and locking pieces on the two unloading racks are electrically connected, and one end of the unloading roller is connected to the torque sensor, and the other end is connected to the locking piece.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the torque of the two unloading rollers is monitored by a torque sensor. If it is found that the torque of one of the unloading rollers is much greater than that of the other unloading roller, an electrical signal is sent to the locking member corresponding to the unloading roller, and the corresponding locking member locks the unloading roller. At this time, the torque on the other unloading roller is smaller. When the torque on the other unloading roller is greater than its original normal value, the locking member releases the locked unloading roller, and the two unloading rollers continue to lower the lifting ropes synchronously.

[0017] A method, based on the above-mentioned beaded cave geological blasting device, comprises the following steps: S1. Drill a blasting hole and reserve a plastic casing in the blasting hole; S2, placing the support plate into the plastic casing, adding explosives and sympathetic detonation components into the plastic casing, and installing detonators; S3. Detonate the explosives through detonators.

[0018] Optionally, in step S1, a reaming drill bit is used to drill the blasting hole, and a plastic casing and a steel casing are simultaneously sleeved on the drill rod, and the steel casing is sleeved outside the plastic casing; when drilling, the reaming drill bit extends out of the plastic casing and the steel casing and increases the diameter of the hole, so that the diameter of the hole is larger than that of the steel casing, and the steel casing and the plastic casing sink together with the reaming drill bit when drilling.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the reaming drill bit can extend the steel casing and the plastic casing to increase its maximum diameter and drill the hole when drilling is required; after drilling is completed, the reaming drill bit reduces its maximum diameter and retracts the plastic casing, and finally moves to the ground. The steel casing is convenient for protecting the plastic casing to avoid excessive pressure during drilling that may cause the plastic casing to rupture. The plastic casing can be made of PVC.

[0020] Optionally, in step S1, a spiral blade is provided on the drill rod of the reaming drill bit, and soil generated during drilling is discharged from between the plastic casing and the drill rod. The time during which the plastic casing does not discharge soil is recorded, and the location and size of the cave are calculated based on the time during which the plastic casing does not discharge soil.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, if the plastic sleeve does not discharge soil, it means that the hole has been drilled. The size of the hole can be obtained by the time when the plastic sleeve does not discharge soil and the drilling speed of the borehole.

[0022] Optionally, in step S2, a sympathetic explosion component is manufactured according to the size of the cave, and the arrangement height of the sympathetic explosion component is determined according to the location of the cave, thereby facilitating the subsequent precise arrangement of the sympathetic explosion component and achieving precise blasting.

[0023] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The blasting hole is supported by a plastic casing to prevent the soil from closing the blasting hole. At the same time, the plastic casing can be used as a channel for storing explosives, and the support plate can support the explosives. It is especially suitable for the case where the bottom of the blasting hole is a cave. In addition, the sympathetic explosion component can save explosives. At the same time, the sympathetic explosion component can allow the explosives at the upper and lower ends of the sympathetic explosion component to explode, ensuring the explosion effect and achieving the expected blasting target; 2. The explosives at both ends of the sympathetic explosion assembly are isolated by the support tube, and the explosives are filled in the filling hole at the same time, so that the explosives at both ends of the sympathetic explosion assembly can be detonated together with less explosives, thereby avoiding the situation where some explosives fail to detonate; 3. The unloading roller and the lifting rope are used to facilitate the lifting of the pallet. The limiting ears and the limiting grooves are used to improve the stability of the lifting of the pallet. At the same time, the limiting grooves facilitate the movement of the lifting rope without affecting the explosives on the pallet. 4. The torque of the two unwinding rollers is monitored by the torque sensor. If the torque of one of the unwinding rollers is much greater than the set value, an electrical signal is sent to the locking member corresponding to the unwinding roller, and the corresponding locking member locks the unwinding roller. When the torque on the other unwinding roller approaches the set value, the locking member releases the locked unwinding roller, and the two unwinding rollers continue to lower the suspension rope synchronously. 5. When drilling is required, the reaming drill bit extends out the steel casing and the plastic casing to increase its maximum diameter and drill the hole; after drilling, the reaming drill bit reduces its maximum diameter and retracts into the plastic casing, and finally moves to the ground. The steel casing is convenient for protecting the plastic casing to avoid excessive pressure during drilling, which may cause the plastic casing to rupture. The plastic casing may be made of PVC. 6. If the plastic sleeve does not discharge soil, it means that the hole has been drilled. The size of the hole can be obtained by combining the time the plastic sleeve does not discharge soil and the drilling speed of the borehole. 7. The stability of the lifting and lowering of the pallet is improved by the cooperation of the limiting ears and the limiting grooves. At the same time, the limiting grooves facilitate the movement of the lifting rope without affecting the explosives on the pallet. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram showing that the karst cave is in the shape of beads in the prior art.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the whole bead-shaped karst cave geological blasting device in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the plastic sleeve in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a support plate in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the unwinding roller in the present invention.

[0029] In the figure, 1. plastic sleeve; 11. limit groove; 2. support plate; 21. limit ear; 22. roller; 3. sympathetic explosion assembly; 31. support tube; 32. stuffing hole; 4. discharge rack; 41. discharge roller; 42. lifting rope; 43. torque sensor; 44. locking piece; 5. cave; 6. blasting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] Embodiment 1 In a first aspect, the present application discloses a beaded cave geological blasting device.

[0033] A beaded cave geological blasting device, referring to Figures 2 to 5 , including a plastic sleeve 1, the plastic sleeve 1 is inserted into the blasting hole 6, a support plate 2 for placing explosives is provided in the plastic sleeve 1, the support plate 2 is suspended in the plastic sleeve 1, and a sympathetic explosion component 3 is provided in the plastic sleeve 1, and the position of the sympathetic explosion component 3 is set corresponding to the position of the cave 5. The blasting hole 6 is supported by the plastic sleeve 1 to prevent the soil from closing the blasting hole 6. At the same time, the plastic sleeve 1 can be used as a channel for storing explosives, and the support plate 2 can support the explosives, which is particularly suitable for the case where the bottom of the blasting hole 6 is a cave 5. In addition, the sympathetic explosion component 3 can save explosives, and the sympathetic explosion component 3 can allow the explosives at the upper and lower ends of the sympathetic explosion component 3 to explode, ensuring the explosion effect to achieve the expected blasting target.

[0034] Specifically, the sympathetic explosion assembly 3 includes a support tube 31, and a filling hole 32 is provided in the support tube 31 along its own axial direction, and the filling hole 32 is filled with explosives for sympathetic explosion. The explosives at both ends of the sympathetic explosion assembly 3 are isolated by the support tube 31, and the explosives are filled in the filling hole 32 at the same time, so that the explosives at both ends of the sympathetic explosion assembly 3 are detonated together with less explosives, thereby avoiding the situation where some explosives fail to detonate.

[0035] It should be noted that the length of the support tube 31 is equal to the height of the cave 5. The cave 5 does not need to be blasted, and the support tube 31 corresponds to the position of the cave 5 and has the same height, which can greatly save explosives.

[0036] In addition, two unloading racks 4 are installed on the ground, each unloading rack 4 is rotatably connected to a unloading roller 41, each unloading roller 41 is provided with a hanging rope 42, and the end of the hanging rope 42 away from the unloading roller 41 is connected to the support plate 2. Through the cooperation between the unloading roller 41 and the hanging rope 42, it is convenient to release the hanging rope 42 through the unloading roller 41 to realize the lifting and lowering of the support plate 2.

[0037] Two limiting grooves 11 are provided on the side wall of the plastic sleeve 1, and limiting ears 21 cooperating with the limiting grooves 11 are provided on the side wall of the support plate 2. One end of the hanging rope 42 away from the discharge roller 41 is connected to the limiting ears 21, and the hanging rope 42 is located in the limiting groove 11. The cooperation between the limiting ears 21 and the limiting grooves 11 improves the stability of the lifting and lowering of the support plate 2, and the limiting grooves 11 facilitate the movement of the hanging rope 42 without affecting the explosives on the support plate 2.

[0038] In order to realize the smooth lifting and lowering of the pallet 2, a torque sensor 43 and a locking member 44 are installed on the unloading rack 4. The torque sensors 43 and the locking members 44 on the two unloading racks 4 are electrically connected. One end of the unloading roller 41 is coaxially fixedly connected with the measuring end of the torque sensor 43, and the other end is connected with the locking member 44. The locking member 44 can be used in cooperation with an electric cylinder and a clamping claw to facilitate clamping the shaft of the unloading roller 41. During operation, the torque of the two unloading rollers 41 is monitored by the torque sensor 43. If it is found that the torque of one unloading roller 41 is much greater than the torque of the other unloading roller 41, an electrical signal is sent to the locking member 44 corresponding to the unloading roller 41, and the corresponding locking member 44 locks the unloading roller 41. At this time, the torque on the other unloading roller 41 is small. When the torque on the other unloading roller 41 is greater than its original normal value, the locking member 44 releases the locked unloading roller 41, and the two unloading rollers 41 continue to lower the suspension rope 42 synchronously.

[0039] In addition, a rolling ball is rotatably connected to the side wall of the support plate 2 to reduce the friction between the support plate 2 and the plastic sleeve 1 .

[0040] Working principle: The blasting hole 6 is supported by the plastic sleeve 1 to prevent the soil from closing the blasting hole 6. At the same time, the plastic sleeve 1 can be used as a channel for storing explosives, and the support plate 2 can support the explosives, which is particularly suitable for the case where the bottom of the blasting hole 6 is a cave 5. In addition, the explosives can be saved by the sympathetic explosion component 3. At the same time, the sympathetic explosion component 3 can allow the explosives at the upper and lower ends of the sympathetic explosion component 3 to explode, ensuring the explosion effect to achieve the expected blasting target. The explosives at both ends of the sympathetic explosion component 3 are isolated by the support tube 31, and the explosives are filled in the filling hole 32 at the same time. The explosives at both ends of the sympathetic explosion component 3 are exploded together by less explosives, avoiding the situation where some explosives fail to detonate. The lifting and lowering of the support plate 2 is facilitated by the cooperation of the discharge roller 41 and the suspension rope 42. The stability of the lifting and lowering of the support plate 2 is improved by the cooperation of the limit ear 21 and the limit groove 11. At the same time, the limit groove 11 facilitates the movement of the suspension rope 42 without affecting the explosives on the support plate 2.

[0041] The torque of the two feeding rollers 41 is monitored by the torque sensor 43. If the torque of one of the feeding rollers 41 is much greater than the set value, an electrical signal is sent to the locking member 44 corresponding to the feeding roller 41. The corresponding locking member 44 locks the feeding roller 41. When the torque on the other feeding roller 41 is close to the set value, the locking member 44 releases the locked feeding roller 41, and the two feeding rollers 41 continue to lower the suspension rope 42 synchronously. When drilling is required, the reaming drill bit extends the steel casing and the plastic casing 1 to increase its maximum diameter and drill holes; after drilling, the reaming drill bit reduces its maximum diameter and retracts the plastic casing 1, and finally moves to the ground. The steel casing is convenient for protecting the plastic casing 1 to prevent the plastic casing 1 from breaking due to excessive pressure during drilling. The plastic casing 1 can be made of PVC. If the plastic sleeve 1 does not discharge soil, it means that the hole 5 has been drilled. The size of the hole 5 can be obtained by combining the time when the plastic sleeve 1 does not discharge soil and the drilling speed of the borehole.

[0042] A method, based on the above-mentioned beaded cave 5 geological blasting device, comprises the following steps: S1. Drill the blasting hole 6, and reserve the plastic casing 1 in the blasting hole 6. When drilling the blasting hole 6, a reaming drill bit is used for drilling, and a plastic casing 1 and a steel casing are sleeved on the drill rod at the same time, and the steel casing is sleeved outside the plastic casing 1; when drilling, the reaming drill bit extends out of the plastic casing 1 and the steel casing and increases the diameter of the drill hole, so that the diameter of the drill hole is larger than the steel casing, and the steel casing and the plastic casing 1 sink together with the reaming drill bit when drilling. The reaming drill bit is convenient for extending the steel casing and the plastic casing 1 to increase its maximum diameter when drilling is required, and drilling is performed; after drilling is completed, the reaming drill bit reduces its maximum diameter, retracts the plastic casing 1, and finally moves to the ground, and the steel casing is convenient for protecting the plastic casing 1 to avoid excessive pressure during drilling that causes the plastic casing 1 to rupture, and the plastic casing 1 can be made of PVC.

[0043] The drill rod of the reamer is provided with a spiral blade, and the soil generated during drilling is discharged from between the plastic sleeve 1 and the drill rod. The time during which the plastic sleeve 1 does not discharge the soil is recorded, and the position and size of the karst cave 5 are calculated based on the time during which the plastic sleeve 1 does not discharge the soil. The fact that the plastic sleeve 1 does not discharge the soil indicates that the karst cave 5 has been drilled. The size of the karst cave 5 can be obtained by combining the time during which the plastic sleeve 1 does not discharge the soil and the drilling speed of the borehole.

[0044] S2, placing the support plate 2 into the plastic sleeve 1, and putting explosives and the sympathetic explosion assembly 3 into the plastic sleeve 1, and installing the detonator. When putting the explosives, the sympathetic explosion assembly 3 is made according to the size of the cave 5, and the arrangement height of the sympathetic explosion assembly 3 is determined according to the position of the cave 5, so as to ensure that the sympathetic explosion assembly 3 can be located at the position of the cave 5, and the length of the sympathetic explosion assembly 3 is exactly the same as the size of the cave 5.

[0045] S3. Detonate the explosives through detonators.

[0046] The embodiments of this specific implementation are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. The same components are represented by the same figure marks. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A beaded cave geological blasting device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plastic sleeve (1), wherein the plastic sleeve (1) is inserted into a blasting hole (6), wherein a support plate (2) for placing explosives is arranged in the plastic sleeve (1), wherein the support plate (2) is suspended in the plastic sleeve (1), and wherein a sympathetic explosion component (3) is arranged in the plastic sleeve (1), wherein the position of the sympathetic explosion component (3) corresponds to the position of a karst cave (5).

2. A geological blasting device for a beaded cave (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sympathetic detonation assembly (3) comprises a support tube (31), wherein a filling hole (32) is provided in the support tube (31) along its axial direction, and the filling hole (32) is filled with explosives for sympathetic detonation.

3. A geological blasting device for a beaded cave (5) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the support tube (31) is equal to the height of the cave (5).

4. A geological blasting device for a beaded cave (5) according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes two material discharging racks (4), the two material discharging racks (4) are arranged on the ground, each material discharging rack (4) is rotatably connected to a material discharging roller (41), each material discharging roller (41) is provided with a hanging rope (42), and the hanging rope (42) is connected to the support plate (2) at one end away from the material discharging roller (41).

5. A geological blasting device for a beaded cave (5) according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plastic sleeve (1) is provided with two limiting grooves (11) on its side wall, the support plate (2) is provided with limiting ears (21) that cooperate with the limiting grooves (11), one end of the hanging rope (42) away from the discharge roller (41) is connected to the limiting ears (21), and the hanging rope (42) is located in the limiting groove (11).

6. A geological blasting device for a beaded cave (5) according to claim 5, characterized in that: The unloading rack (4) is provided with a torque sensor (43) and a locking piece (44); the torque sensors (43) and the locking piece (44) on the two unloading racks (4) are electrically connected; one end of the unloading roller (41) is connected to the torque sensor (43), and the other end is connected to the locking piece (44).

7. A method, based on a geological blasting device for a beaded cave (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, drilling a blasting hole (6), and reserving a plastic casing (1) in the blasting hole (6); S2, placing the support plate (2) into the plastic sleeve (1), adding explosives and a sympathetic detonation assembly (3) into the plastic sleeve (1), and installing a detonator; S3. Detonate the explosives through detonators.

8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, a reaming drill bit is used to drill the blasting hole (6), and a plastic casing (1) and a steel casing are simultaneously sleeved on the drill rod, and the steel casing is sleeved outside the plastic casing (1); when drilling, the reaming drill bit extends out of the plastic casing (1) and the steel casing and increases the diameter of the drill hole, so that the diameter of the drill hole is larger than that of the steel casing, and the steel casing and the plastic casing (1) sink together with the reaming drill bit when drilling.

9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S1, a spiral blade is provided on the drill rod of the reaming drill bit, and soil generated during drilling is discharged from between the plastic sleeve (1) and the drill rod. The time during which the plastic sleeve (1) does not discharge soil is recorded, and the position of the karst cave (5) and the size of the karst cave (5) are calculated based on the time during which the plastic sleeve (1) does not discharge soil.

10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, a sympathetic explosion assembly (3) is manufactured according to the size of the karst cave (5), and the arrangement height of the sympathetic explosion assembly (3) is determined according to the position of the karst cave (5).

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