Multi-station incoherent scatter radar thermal layer horizontal region wind field calculation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of signal and information processing, particularly relates to a multi-station incoherent scatter radar thermal layer horizontal region wind field calculation method, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, wind fields at different positions of a horizontal region of a low-latitude region cannot be detected and calculated. The method comprises the following steps: calculating polarization angles of a transmitting station and a receiving station, and further calculating an included angle between a transmitting beam and a receiving beam to obtain the sight speed of each station; connecting the coordinates of the transmitting station and the receiving stations, and establishing a geometric transformation relationship by combining the position of the detected scattering point to obtain a backward scattering wave vector of the transmitting station and a scattering wave vector of each receiving station under a coordinate system taking the scattering point as the center; the vector speed of multi-station cooperative detection of the same scattering volume is obtained; and determining a diffusion velocity corresponding to the vector velocity, calculating a thermal layer meridian wind field, and obtaining a thermal layer horizontal region wind field by combining distribution of different scattering points in a horizontal plane. According to the invention, detection and calculation of wind fields at different positions in a horizontal area are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of signal and information processing, and specifically relates to a method, system, electronic equipment and computer-readable storage medium for calculating wind fields in horizontal areas of a thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scattering radars. Background Art

[0002] Wind fields control a large part of the dynamics in the thermosphere and act as a coupling agent between neutral components and plasma in the ionosphere-thermosphere system (see Wang, W., Burns, AG, & Liu, J. (2021). Upper Thermospheric Winds. In Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics. American Geophysical Union, 41–63. https: / / doi.org / 10.1002 / 9781119815631.CH3). They are the main regulators and redistributors of mass, momentum, and energy in the ionosphere-thermosphere system, and therefore play an important role in determining the Earth's space weather at all latitudes. In the past few decades, countries have used satellite-borne optical detection instruments to invert wind fields based on the ultraviolet airglow emitted by the thermosphere and have obtained a batch of wind field observation data. Typical satellite-borne wind measurements include: (1) the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) and High-Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) (see: Hays, PB, Abreu, VJ, Dobbs, ME, Gell, DA, Grassl, HJ, & Skinner, WR (1993). The high-resolution doppler imager onthe Upper AtmosphereResearch Satellite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(D6), 10713. https: / / doi.org / 10.1029 / 93JD00409) which use remote sensing to obtain wind fields from the MLT to the upper thermosphere; (2) the Timed Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) (TIMED) for Thermosphere and Mesosphere Energy Dynamics (see: Skinner, WR, Niciejewski, RJ, Killeen, TL, Solomon, SC, Gablehouse, D., Wu, Q., et al. (2003). Operational performance of the TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI). In AM Larar, JA Shaw, & Z. Sun (Eds.) 5157, (47).International Society for Optics and Photonics. https: / / doi.org / 10.1117 / 12.503727) remote sensing detection of MLT regional wind fields, which studied the global distribution of thermospheric wind fields and the relationship between wind fields and solar and geomagnetic activities; (3) Challenge Small Satellite Payload (CHAMP) (Reference: Reigber, C., Lühr, H., & Schwintzer, P. (2002). CHAMP mission status. Advances in Space Research, 30(2), 129–134. https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / S0273-1177(02)002 76-4), using the accelerometer data of the CHAMP satellite, the thermospheric wind field was derived and the distribution characteristics of the thermospheric wind field on a global scale were demonstrated; (4) Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) (Reference: Doornbos, E., Bruinsma, S., Fritsche, B., Visser, P., Van Den IJssel, J., Encarnacao, JT, & Kern, M. (2013). Air Density and Wind Retrieval Using GOCE Data. ESA Living Planet Symposium. Proceedings of the Conference Held on 9-13 September 2013 at Edinburgh in United Kingdom. ESA SP-722. 2-13, p.7, 722, 7) measured global in situ cross-channel winds in the thermosphere; (5) Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) on the Ionospheric Connection Probe (ICON) (see also: Englert, CR, Harlander, JM, Brown, CM, Marr, KD, Miller, IJ, Stump, JE, et al. (2017). Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI): Instrument Design and Calibration.SpaceScience Reviews, 212(1–2), 553–584. https: / / doi.org / 10.1007 / s11214-017-03 58-4) measured wind fields from the MLT to the thermosphere below mid-latitudes. However, these missions mainly measure the climatological changes of wind fields on a global scale. For the same location, they usually cover a fixed local time, have no continuous time coverage, and cannot analyze the diurnal changes of wind fields. .

[0003] Among the existing ground-based detections, incoherent scattering radar is the most powerful means of detecting thermospheric wind fields, which can observe wind fields at fixed locations. Incoherent scatter radar transmits high-power electromagnetic waves and receives weak Thomson scattering echoes of electrons in the ionosphere to obtain multi-parameter information of the ionosphere (see: Evans, JV (1969), Theory and practice of ionosphere study by Thomson scatter radar, Proceedings of the IEEE, 57(4), 496–530. https: / / doi.org / 10.1109 / proc.1969.7005; Mathews, JD (1984), The incoherent scatter radar as a toolfor studying the ionospheric D-region, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 46(11), 975–986. https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / 0021-9169(84)90004-7). The European EISCAT association (European Incoherent SCATter) operates three ISR radars, namely UHF radar, VHF radar and Svalbard radar (see: Schlegel K, Moorcroft, DR (1989), EISCAT as a tristatic auroral radar. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 94(A2):1430-1438.https: / / doi.org / 10.1029 / ja094ia02 p01430; Wannberg, G., Wolf, I., et al.(1997). The EISCAT Svalbard radar: A case study in modern incoherent scatterradar system design. Radio Science, 32(6), 2283–2307.https: / / doi.org / 10.1029 / 97rs01 803). The UHF radar is a multi-station parabolic incoherent scattering radar with a transmitting station located in Tromsø and receiving stations located in Tromsø, Kiruna and Sodankyla.The EISCAT incoherent scatter radar also observes wind fields in the high latitudes of Europe. It is an important data source for the study of polar dynamics, studying the dependence of the climate behavior of wind fields on seasons and solar activity, and further improving various models through observational data (see: Griffin, EM, Mueller-Wodarg, ICF, Aruliah, A., Aylward, A. (2004a). Comparison of high-latitude thermospheric meridionalwindsI: optical and radar experimental comparisons. Annales Geophysicae, 22(3). https: / / doi.org / 10.5194 / angeo-22-849-20 04; Griffin, EM, Aruliah, A., Mueller-Wodarg, ICF, Aylward, A. (2004b). Comparison of high-latitude thermospheric meridionalwinds II: combined FPI, radar and model Climatologies. Annales Geophysicae, 22(3). https: / / doi.org / 10.5194 / angeo-22-863-20 04), whose radar uses a parabolic antenna and scans through mechanical rotation, which is very inefficient and has the limitation of being unable to conduct long-term continuous observation.

[0004] With the development of radar technology, phased array antennas have entered people's field of vision with their advantages of large-scale rapid scanning, fine scanning, flexible controllability and long-term continuous observation. Incoherent scattering radars began to use phased array antennas to replace traditional parabolic antennas. In the 21st century, the United States made a technological innovation and proposed a new modular active phased array radar project Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar (AMISR). The radar beam can be quickly switched in microseconds by software control, which greatly improves the problem of time ambiguity caused by mechanical rotation of traditional parabolic radar to change the beam direction (reference: Valentic T., Buonocore J., Cousins ​​M., Heinselman C., Jorgensen J. & Kelly J. et al, "AMISR the advanced modular incoherent scatter radar, " IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology, Waltham, MA, USA, pp. 659-663, 2013, DOI: 10.1109 / ARRAY.2013.6731908). However, all AMISR radars are single-transmit and single-receive radars, and cannot conduct coordinated observations of three stations. Based on its phased array antenna system, it can conduct continuous observations, but the radar is located in high latitudes, and its conventional observations are mainly for the low-altitude E-zone wind field in high latitudes, and the average wind field within a certain horizontal plane range.

[0005] Meanwhile, in Hainan, China, a three-station high-power phased array incoherent scatter radar has been built. It is transmitted by the Sanya station in Hainan and received by the three stations in Sanya, Fuke and Wenchang (see: Yue, X., Wan, W., Ning, B., Jin, L., Ding, F., Zhao, B., et al. (2022). Developmentof the Sanya incoherent scatter radar and preliminary results. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030451. https: / / doi.org / 10.1029 / 2022JA0; Yue, X., Ning, B., Jin, L., Ding, F., Ke, C., Wang, J., et al. (2024). The Sanya incoherent scatter radar tristatic system and initial experiments. SpaceWeather, 22, e2024SW003963. https: / / doi.org / 10.1029 / 2024SW003963). Hainan's 1-transmitter-3-receiver multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar can perform vector measurement of ionospheric drift velocity and provide multi-level, multi-parameter, and high-precision ionospheric parameters. It is the first 1-transmitter-3-receiver multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar in low-latitude areas.

[0006] At present, satellite and other observation methods can detect large-scale wind fields at fixed locations, but cannot detect specific areas continuously. Therefore, previous thermospheric wind field observations are generally the average wind field within a certain spatial range. Currently, there is no observation that gives the wind field changes in a certain horizontal area. Based on large-scale average satellite wind field data, wind field climatology analysis can be performed, but meteorological analysis such as diurnal changes cannot be performed, and small-scale structural regional changes within the horizontal range cannot be obtained.

[0007] The EISCAT multi-station incoherent scattering radar uses a parabolic antenna and performs beam scanning through mechanical rotation, so the observation time resolution is poor. Therefore, it seldom observes and studies the thermospheric wind field in the horizontal area. At the same time, the EISCAT incoherent scattering radar is mainly concentrated in high-latitude areas, and there is a lack of thermospheric wind field observation data in low-latitude areas. The ionosphere dynamic processes at different latitudes are different, and different backgrounds and different geomagnetic field configurations have a significant impact on the wind field. Previous studies have mainly focused on high-latitude areas, and the propagation laws of thermospheric wind fields in low-latitude areas are still unclear.

[0008] Since the United States' AMISR is a single-transmitter and single-receiver, it can only detect the average wind field within a certain horizontal range at low altitudes, and cannot detect the wind fields at different positions in the horizontal area; at the same time, it mainly focuses on the horizontal wind field in the low-altitude E zone.

[0009] Hainan three-station incoherent scattering radar can obtain the horizontal wind field in a certain area based on its phased array system and three-station cooperative detection system. Therefore, the present invention proposes a method for calculating the horizontal regional wind field in the thermosphere of a multi-station incoherent scattering radar. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, to solve the problem that the prior art cannot detect and calculate the wind fields at different positions in the horizontal area of ​​the low-latitude region, the first aspect of the present invention proposes a method for calculating the wind field in the horizontal area of ​​the thermosphere using a multi-station incoherent scattering radar, the method comprising: Based on the parameters of the transmitting beam and receiving beam of the multi-station incoherent scattering radar, the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station are calculated; according to the relationship between the polarization angles, the angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam is calculated; the parameters include azimuth and elevation; Combined with the angle, according to the echo Doppler frequency shift, the line-of-sight velocity of each station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the line-of-sight velocity in different directions within the same scattering volume, is calculated; Connecting the coordinates of the transmitting station and each receiving station, and establishing a geometric transformation relationship in combination with the position of the detected scattering point, thereby obtaining the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point; Based on the line-of-sight velocity in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, combined with the relationship between the line-of-sight velocity and the vector velocity, the vector velocity of multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume is obtained; According to the common body height, the diffusion velocity corresponding to the vector velocity of the multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume is determined; based on the diffusion velocity, the thermosphere meridian wind field is calculated, and combined with the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane, the thermosphere horizontal area wind field is obtained.

[0011] In some preferred implementations, the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station are calculated by:

[0012] in, , Represent the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station respectively, is the angle between the horizontal direction and the electric field direction of the transmitting beam, , , They represent the three components corresponding to the transmit beam vector, , , They represent the three components corresponding to the receive beam vector, and They represent the azimuth and elevation angles corresponding to the transmitting beam, and They represent the azimuth and elevation angles corresponding to the received beam respectively.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments, the angle between the transmit beam and the receive beam is calculated by:

[0014] in, Represents the angle between the transmit beam and the receive beam.

[0015] In some preferred implementations, the line-of-sight velocity of each station in a coordinate system centered on the scattering point is calculated based on the included angle and the echo Doppler frequency shift, and the method is as follows: in, It represents the echo Doppler frequency shift, represents the line-of-sight velocity of each station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, is the wavelength.

[0016] In some preferred embodiments, if the multi-station incoherent scatter radar is a one-transmitter and three-receiver, one of the stations is both a transmitting station and a receiving station, the station is used as the first station, and the other two stations are only receiving stations, respectively used as the second station and the third station, then the backscattered wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattered wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point are obtained by: The beam coordinate transformation of each station is combined with the transformation relationship between the latitude and longitude geographic coordinate system of each station and the geocentric coordinate system, and the transformation relationship between the geocentric coordinate system and the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, to obtain the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vector of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point:

[0017]

[0018] in, , represents the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the scattering wave vector of the second station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattering wave vector of the third station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, represents the backscattered wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the vector between the first station and the scattering point, represents the distance from the first station to the scattering point, represents the distance from the second station to the scattering point, represents the distance between the third station and the scattering point, and represents the vector between the second station and the scattering point, and the vector between the third station and the scattering point.

[0019] In some preferred embodiments, if the multi-station incoherent scatter radar is a one-transmit and three-receive radar, the relationship between the line-of-sight velocity and the vector velocity is:

[0020] in, , , denote the line-of-sight speeds at the first, second, and third stations, respectively. It represents the vector velocity of the collaborative detection of the same scattering volume by three stations.

[0021] In some preferred embodiments, the horizontal wind field in the thermal layer is obtained by: The wind field in each direction within the same scatterer can be further calculated through the vector velocity in each direction within the same scatterer, and the wind field in the horizontal area of ​​the thermosphere can be obtained by combining the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane.

[0022] In a second aspect of the present invention, a multi-station incoherent scattering radar thermosphere horizontal regional wind field calculation system is proposed, the system comprising: The angle calculation module is configured to calculate the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station based on the parameters of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam of the multi-station incoherent scattering radar; and calculate the angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam according to the relationship between the polarization angles; the parameters include azimuth and elevation; The sight line velocity acquisition module is configured to calculate the sight line velocity of each station in a coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the sight line velocity in different directions within the same scattering volume, in combination with the angle and according to the echo Doppler frequency shift; A wave vector calculation module is configured to connect the coordinates of the transmitting station and each receiving station, and establish a geometric transformation relationship in combination with the position of the detected scattering point, so as to obtain the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point; A vector velocity calculation module is configured to obtain the vector velocity of multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume based on the line-of-sight velocity in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, in combination with a relationship between the line-of-sight velocity and the vector velocity; The wind field acquisition module is configured to determine the diffusion velocity corresponding to the vector velocity of the multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume according to the common body height; based on the diffusion velocity, calculate the thermosphere meridian wind field, and combine the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane to obtain the thermosphere horizontal area wind field.

[0023] In a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is proposed, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to at least one of the processors; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor, and the instructions are used to be executed by the processor to implement the above-mentioned multi-station incoherent scatter radar thermal layer horizontal area wind field calculation method.

[0024] In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is proposed, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to be executed by the computer to implement the above-mentioned multi-station incoherent scattering radar thermal layer horizontal area wind field calculation method.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention realizes the detection and calculation of wind fields at different positions in a horizontal area.

[0026] (1) The present invention uses a multi-station (e.g., three-station) incoherent scattering radar to extract the horizontal regional wind field in the low-latitude region of the Asian sector. For the first time, it can quantitatively calculate the horizontal regional wind field in the low-latitude region and other parameters that are very important for ionospheric detection, providing an effective data source for the analysis of small-scale structures in the horizontal region. At present, only the average wind field in a certain horizontal region can be obtained through a single-station incoherent scattering radar, and many small-scale structures are submerged. However, by using multi-station collaborative observation to obtain wind field data at different positions in the horizontal plane, certain small-scale structures can be obtained; (2) Currently, only profile data below the electron concentration peak and total electron concentration data can be obtained through altimeters or GNSS receivers, which lack the necessary dynamic information and cannot study the ionospheric physical processes and their evolution mechanisms that change rapidly in the horizontal region. The horizontal wind field data obtained by the multi-station incoherent scattering radar can be used to study various atmospheric wave uploads and ionospheric responses, coupling and energy transfer mechanisms, ionospheric / thermosphere temperature, density, composition, wind field, electric field changes, particle uplink and magnetospheric coupling mechanisms during magnetic storms, etc.

[0027] (3) Taking advantage of the geographical location of the Sanya incoherent scattering detection system at low geomagnetic latitudes and its technical advantage of continuous observation capabilities, we can obtain horizontal regional wind field data and study the changes in the wind field at different horizontal positions, which will help reveal the subtle changes in the thermosphere. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for calculating wind field in horizontal area of ​​thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scattering radar according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the change of vector velocity of different horizontal areas with date in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the change of meridian wind in different horizontal areas with date according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than to limit the invention. It is also necessary to explain that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the relevant invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0032] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other.

[0033] The method for calculating the wind field in the horizontal area of ​​the thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scattering radar of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Based on the parameters of the transmitting beam and receiving beam of the multi-station incoherent scattering radar, the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station are calculated; according to the relationship between the polarization angles, the angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam is calculated; the parameters include azimuth and elevation; Combined with the angle, according to the echo Doppler frequency shift, the line-of-sight velocity of each station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the line-of-sight velocity in different directions within the same scattering volume, is calculated; Connecting the coordinates of the transmitting station and each receiving station, and establishing a geometric transformation relationship in combination with the position of the detected scattering point, thereby obtaining the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point; Based on the line-of-sight velocity in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, combined with the relationship between the line-of-sight velocity and the vector velocity, the vector velocity of multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume is obtained; According to the common body height, the diffusion velocity corresponding to the vector velocity of the multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume is determined; based on the diffusion velocity, the thermosphere meridian wind field is calculated, and combined with the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane, the thermosphere horizontal area wind field is obtained.

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the method for calculating the wind field in the horizontal area of ​​the thermosphere by multi-station incoherent scattering radar of the present invention, each step in an embodiment of the method of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] The present invention is based on a multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar (in the following embodiments, a three-station incoherent scattering radar is taken as an example, the three stations are Sanya Station, Danzhou Station (i.e., Fuke Station) and Wenchang Station, wherein Sanya Station is both a transmitting station and a receiving station, serving as the first station, Danzhou Station is a receiving station, serving as the second station, and Wenchang Station is a receiving station, serving as the third station). By designing different detection experiments, the horizontal wind fields of different scattering volumes in different regions are calculated. Without making any assumptions, the multi-station collaborative observation data is used to calculate the line-of-sight speed in different directions in the same scattering volume to obtain the vector speed in the same scattering volume, and the vector speed in different scattering volumes is calculated accordingly. The wind field data in the horizontal region is further calculated by the obtained vector speed. The details are as follows: Based on the parameters of the transmitting beam and receiving beam of the multi-station incoherent scattering radar, the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station are calculated; according to the relationship between the polarization angles, the angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam is calculated; the parameters include azimuth and elevation; For multi-station collaborative observation data, first determine the experimental mode according to the observation target. Take three stations as an example. Usually, for three-station observation, the spatial synchronous detection of the detection target is achieved by determining the azimuth and elevation angles of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam. For incoherent scattering, the scattering cross section includes a polarization angle term. Generally, when the polarization angle is equal to 90°, the polarization angle is optimal. However, for three-station observation, it is impossible to achieve the optimal polarization angle of 90° for the transmitting station and the receiving station at the same time. It is necessary to clarify the optimal polarization angle for collaborative detection of the transmitting station and the receiving station. In this embodiment, the polarization angle formulas of the transmitting station and the receiving station are as follows:

[0036] in, , Represent the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station respectively, is the angle between the horizontal direction and the electric field direction of the transmitting beam, , , They represent the three components corresponding to the transmit beam vector, , , They represent the three components corresponding to the receive beam vector, and They represent the azimuth and elevation angles corresponding to the transmitting beam, and They represent the azimuth and elevation angles corresponding to the received beam respectively.

[0037] Based on this, the angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam can be further obtained, and the relationship is as follows:

[0038] in, Represents the angle between the transmit beam and the receive beam.

[0039] Combined with the angle, according to the echo Doppler frequency shift, the line-of-sight velocity of each station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the line-of-sight velocity in different directions within the same scattering volume, is calculated; Within a certain scanning range, the beams of multiple stations are simultaneously directed to the same position for detection. Therefore, the line-of-sight velocity in each direction within the same scattering volume can be obtained by least square fitting. In this embodiment, according to the detection principle of incoherent scattering radar, the echo Doppler frequency shift of the center frequency of the scattering signal relative to the radar transmission frequency is , and then the line of sight speed is obtained as:

[0040] in, represents the line-of-sight velocity of each station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, is the wavelength.

[0041] After obtaining the line-of-sight velocity, it is necessary to further calculate the scattering wave vectors of the transmitting station and the receiving station. When performing co-volume detection, it is necessary to convert the calculation into a coordinate system centered on the scattering volume. Therefore, after obtaining the coordinates in the geocentric coordinate system, it is necessary to convert them into a coordinate system centered on the scattering point, specifically: Combining the conversion relationship between the latitude and longitude geographic coordinate system of each station and the geocentric coordinate system, and the conversion relationship between the geocentric coordinate system and the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the coordinates of beams in different directions within the same scattering volume are transformed to obtain the beam in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point.

[0042] Taking three stations as an example, the coordinates of the three stations in the geocentric coordinate system can be obtained based on the latitude and longitude geographic coordinates of the three stations:

[0043] in, , , They represent the coordinates of the first station in the geocentric coordinate system, the coordinates of the second station in the geocentric coordinate system, and the coordinates of the third station in the geocentric coordinate system respectively; After obtaining the coordinates in the geocentric coordinate system, they need to be converted into coordinate systems centered on the scattering points. The corresponding transformation matrix can be expressed as:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] in, , , Represents the transformation matrix of the first, second and third stations.

[0047] After obtaining the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the transmitting station and the receiving station are analyzed in the same coordinate system. Here, the coordinate positions of the transmitting station and the receiving station are fixed. According to the previous analysis, the direction of the received scattering beam can be obtained. Place.

[0048] In addition, after obtaining the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, it is necessary to connect the coordinates of the transmitting station and the receiving station, and construct a triangular geometric relationship based on the detected scattering points, establish a geometric transformation relationship to obtain the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station and the scattering wave vector of the receiving station. Taking three stations as an example, the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station can be obtained. (vector between the first station and the scattering point), scattering beam of the Danzhou receiving station and the scattered wave vector of the Wenchang receiving station , which is represented here as:

[0049]

[0050] in, represents the distance between the first station and the scattering point, represents the distance between the second station and the scattering point, represents the distance between the third station and the scattering point, and represents the vector between the second station and the scattering point, and the vector between the third station and the scattering point. If it is other multi-station incoherent scattering radar, the above formula can be dynamically adjusted according to the number of receiving stations to obtain the receiving station scattering wave vector, specifically, the vector between the newly added receiving station and the scattering point, the distance between the receiving station and the scattering point are obtained, and the corresponding parameters in the above formula are replaced to obtain the newly added receiving station scattering wave vector.

[0051] Based on the line-of-sight velocity in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the backscattered wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattered wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, combined with the relationship between the line-of-sight velocity and the vector velocity, the vector velocity of multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume is obtained; In this embodiment, taking three stations as an example, according to the above geometric relationship, the relationship between the line of sight speed and the vector speed can be established as follows:

[0052] in, , , They represent the line-of-sight speeds of the first station (Sanya Station), the second station (Danzhou Station), and the third station (Wenchang Station). represents the vector velocity of the three stations’ collaborative detection of the same scattering volume, represents the position of the scattering point, S represents the position of the first station, A represents the intersection of the scattering beam vectors of the first and second stations and the ground, and B represents the intersection of the scattering beam vectors of the first and third stations and the ground. This relationship can be adjusted according to the number of receiving stations: that is, in other embodiments, the above formula can be referred to, and the relationship between the line of sight speed and the vector speed can be established according to the scattering wave vector of the receiving station.

[0053]

[0054] in, Representation 3 3 matrix, each row is , and .

[0055] According to the common body height, the diffusion velocity corresponding to the vector velocity of the multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume is determined; based on the diffusion velocity, the thermosphere meridian wind field is calculated, and combined with the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane, the thermosphere horizontal area wind field is obtained.

[0056] In this embodiment, after obtaining the vector velocity, it is necessary to determine the corresponding diffusion velocity according to the common body height. After obtaining the diffusion velocity, the thermosphere meridian wind can be expressed as follows according to the formula:

[0057] in, represents the meridian wind, that is, the wind field in all directions within the same scatterer. Indicates the speed of different points along the parallel magnetic field lines within the corresponding horizontal range, represents the diffusion rate, Indicates the magnetic inclination at different points within the corresponding horizontal range.

[0058] The horizontal area wind field data can be obtained through the vector wind field data in various directions within the same scatterer and the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane.

[0059] In order to prove the effectiveness of the present invention, the method of the present invention is verified as follows: The Sanya main station uses 11 beams for cyclic scanning detection, and the two receiving stations follow the main station for scanning detection. The common height detected here is 400 km. Through collaborative detection, the velocity vector and wind field at different positions within the scanning range of the main station's 11 beams can be detected, such as Figure 2 , 3As shown, Ve represents the eastward velocity, Vn represents the northward velocity, Vv represents the vertical velocity, and the horizontal axis is from November 14 to 20, 2023. This period is a period of magnetic calm. It can be seen from the figure that the three-dimensional vector velocity shows obvious periodic changes, and there are certain slight differences in the speeds at different positions. During magnetic storms, the data in the horizontal area will show obvious differences.

[0060] A multi-station incoherent scattering radar thermosphere horizontal area wind field calculation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention comprises: The angle calculation module is configured to calculate the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station based on the parameters of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam of the multi-station incoherent scattering radar; and calculate the angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam according to the relationship between the polarization angles; the parameters include azimuth and elevation; The sight line velocity acquisition module is configured to calculate the sight line velocity of each station in a coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the sight line velocity in different directions within the same scattering volume, in combination with the angle and according to the echo Doppler frequency shift; A wave vector calculation module is configured to connect the coordinates of the transmitting station and each receiving station, and establish a geometric transformation relationship in combination with the position of the detected scattering point, so as to obtain the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point; A vector velocity calculation module is configured to obtain the vector velocity based on the line of sight velocity in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the backscattered wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattered wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, in combination with a relationship between the line of sight velocity and the vector velocity; The wind field acquisition module is configured to determine the diffusion velocity corresponding to the vector velocity according to the common body height; based on the diffusion velocity, calculate the thermosphere meridian wind field, and combine the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane to obtain the thermosphere horizontal area wind field.

[0061] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process and related instructions of the system described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0062] It should be noted that the multi-station incoherent scattering radar thermosphere horizontal regional wind field calculation system provided in the above embodiment is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the modules or steps in the embodiments of the present invention can be decomposed or combined. For example, the modules in the above embodiments can be combined into one module, or further divided into multiple sub-modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps involved in the embodiments of the present invention are only for distinguishing the modules or steps, and are not regarded as improper limitations of the present invention.

[0063] An electronic device according to a third embodiment of the present invention comprises: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to at least one of the processors; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor, and the instructions are used to be executed by the processor to implement the above-mentioned multi-station incoherent scatter radar thermosphere horizontal area wind field calculation method.

[0064] A computer-readable storage medium according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to be executed by the computer to implement the above-mentioned multi-station incoherent scatter radar thermal layer horizontal area wind field calculation method.

[0065] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process and related instructions of the electronic device and computer-readable storage medium described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method example and will not be repeated here.

[0066] Those skilled in the art should be able to appreciate that the modules and method steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented with electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two, and the programs corresponding to the software modules and method steps can be placed in random access memory (RAM), memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the technical field. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of electronic hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to the function. Whether these functions are performed in electronic hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present invention.

[0067] The terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects rather than to describe or indicate a particular sequence or order.

[0068] The term "comprise" or any other similar term is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus / device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus / device.

[0069] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the horizontal wind field in the thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scattering radar, characterized in that: The method includes: Based on the parameters of the transmitting beam and receiving beam of the multi-station incoherent scattering radar, the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station are calculated; according to the relationship between the polarization angles, the angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam is calculated; the parameters include azimuth and elevation; Combined with the angle, according to the echo Doppler frequency shift, the line-of-sight velocity of each station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the line-of-sight velocity in different directions within the same scattering volume, is calculated; Connecting the coordinates of the transmitting station and each receiving station, and establishing a geometric transformation relationship in combination with the position of the detected scattering point, thereby obtaining the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point; Based on the line-of-sight velocity in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, combined with the relationship between the line-of-sight velocity and the vector velocity, the vector velocity of multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume is obtained; According to the common body height, the diffusion velocity corresponding to the vector velocity of the multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume is determined; based on the diffusion velocity, the thermosphere meridian wind field is calculated, and combined with the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane, the thermosphere horizontal area wind field is obtained.

2. The method for calculating the horizontal regional wind field in the thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scatter radar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for calculating the polarization angle of the transmitting station and the receiving station is: ； in, , Represent the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station respectively, is the angle between the horizontal direction and the electric field direction of the transmitting beam, , , They represent the three components corresponding to the transmit beam vector, , , They represent the three components corresponding to the receive beam vector, and They represent the azimuth and elevation angles corresponding to the transmitting beam, and They represent the azimuth and elevation angles corresponding to the received beam respectively.

3. The method for calculating the horizontal regional wind field in the thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scatter radar according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam is calculated as follows: ； in, Represents the angle between the transmit beam and the receive beam.

4. The method for calculating the horizontal regional wind field in the thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scatter radar according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Combined with the angle, according to the echo Doppler frequency shift, the line-of-sight velocity of each station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point is calculated as follows: ； in, Indicates the echo Doppler frequency shift, represents the line-of-sight velocity of each station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, is the wavelength.

5. The method for calculating the horizontal regional wind field in the thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scatter radar according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the multi-station incoherent scattering radar is a one-transmitter and three-receiver radar, one of the stations is both a transmitting station and a receiving station, and the station is taken as the first station, and the other two stations are only receiving stations, and are taken as the second station and the third station respectively, then the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point are obtained by: The beam coordinate transformation of each station is combined with the transformation relationship between the latitude and longitude geographic coordinate system of each station and the geocentric coordinate system, and the transformation relationship between the geocentric coordinate system and the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, to obtain the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vector of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point: ； ； in, , represents the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the scattering wave vector of the second station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattering wave vector of the third station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, represents the backscattered wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the vector between the first station and the scattering point, represents the distance from the first station to the scattering point, represents the distance from the second station to the scattering point, represents the distance between the third station and the scattering point, and represents the vector between the second station and the scattering point, and the vector between the third station and the scattering point.

6. The method for calculating the horizontal wind field in the thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scatter radar according to claim 5 is characterized in that: If the multi-station incoherent scatter radar is a one-transmit and three-receive radar, the relationship between the line-of-sight velocity and the vector velocity is: ； in, , , denote the line-of-sight speeds at the first, second, and third stations, respectively. It represents the vector velocity of the collaborative detection of the same scattering volume by three stations.

7. The method for calculating the horizontal wind field in the thermosphere using multi-station incoherent scatter radar according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The method for obtaining the wind field in the horizontal area of ​​the thermosphere is as follows: The wind field in each direction within the same scatterer is further calculated by the vector velocity in each direction within the same scatterer, and the wind field in the horizontal area of ​​the thermosphere is obtained by combining the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane.

8. A multi-station incoherent scatter radar thermosphere horizontal area wind field calculation system, characterized in that: The system includes: The angle calculation module is configured to calculate the polarization angles of the transmitting station and the receiving station based on the parameters of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam of the multi-station incoherent scattering radar; and calculate the angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam according to the relationship between the polarization angles; the parameters include azimuth and elevation; The sight line velocity acquisition module is configured to calculate the sight line velocity of each station in a coordinate system centered on the scattering point, that is, the sight line velocity in different directions within the same scattering volume, in combination with the angle and according to the echo Doppler frequency shift; A wave vector calculation module is configured to connect the coordinates of the transmitting station and each receiving station, and establish a geometric transformation relationship in combination with the position of the detected scattering point, so as to obtain the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point; A vector velocity calculation module is configured to obtain the vector velocity of multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume based on the line-of-sight velocity in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, the backscattering wave vector of the transmitting station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, and the scattering wave vectors of each receiving station in the coordinate system centered on the scattering point, in combination with a relationship between the line-of-sight velocity and the vector velocity; The wind field acquisition module is configured to determine the diffusion velocity corresponding to the vector velocity of the multi-station collaborative detection of the same scattering volume according to the common body height; based on the diffusion velocity, calculate the thermosphere meridian wind field, and combine the distribution of different scattering points in the horizontal plane to obtain the thermosphere horizontal area wind field.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; as well as a memory communicatively connected to at least one of the processors; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the instructions are used to be executed by the processor to implement the multi-station incoherent scatter radar thermosphere horizontal regional wind field calculation method described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to be executed by the computer to implement the multi-station incoherent scatter radar thermosphere horizontal regional wind field calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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