Device and method for preparing biochar from corncobs

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for preparing biochar from corncobs, and belongs to the technical field of biochar preparation, the device comprises a machine base, a frame is fixed outside the machine base, an outer cylinder is horizontally fixed on one side of the machine base, and the outer cylinder is fixedly connected with the frame; the crushing seat is arranged above the outer cylinder; the combustion system is arranged on one side of the outer barrel, and the combustion system is externally connected with a hot gas booster fan; the sealing end cover is fixed in the outer cylinder body; the carbonization cylinder is rotationally mounted on the machine base, and one end of the carbonization cylinder is coaxially and rotationally connected with the sealing end cover; the heat control unit is arranged in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder; the material guide channel is arranged on the sealing end cover; the filter material unit is fixed in the carbonization cylinder; according to the device, a scrap mixture can be graded according to the particle size, primary carbonization of the scrap mixture is achieved, then the scrap mixture is remixed and then subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, and the purity and quality of biochar preparation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of biochar preparation, and specifically relates to a device and method for preparing biochar from corncobs. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global attention to sustainable development and environmental protection, biomass energy, as a renewable energy source, has received extensive attention. Biochar, as a carbonaceous material made from biomass materials (such as crop wastes, forestry residues, etc.) through the pyrolysis process, not only has good environmental benefits but also plays an important role in the fields of agriculture, industry, and environmental protection. Corncobs, as common wastes in agricultural production, their efficient utilization is crucial for reducing environmental pollution. Therefore, people improve the soil by returning the corncobs made into biochar to the field;

[0003] In the prior art, such as the invention patent with the publication number CN116790272A, it can continuously turn the cut banana waste particles through a stirring shaft to improve the pyrolysis uniformity. However, due to the differences in the sizes of the cut banana waste particles (or corncobs), only using a single mixed pyrolysis method is likely to cause the phenomenon that the large debris particles are not completely carbonized while the small debris particles are over-carbonized, resulting in significant differences in the physical structure, chemical composition, and pore structure of the finally produced biochar products, and it is difficult to ensure the consistency of product quality.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device and method for preparing biochar from corncobs to solve the problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A device for preparing biochar from corncobs, which includes:

[0006] A machine base, with a frame fixed to its outside. A horizontal outer cylinder is fixedly installed on one side of the machine base, and the outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the frame;

[0007] A crushing seat is arranged above the outer cylinder, and a hopper is connected above the crushing seat;

[0008] A combustion system is arranged on one side of the outer cylinder. The combustion system is externally connected to a hot gas booster fan, and the hot gas booster fan is connected to the outer cylinder through a gas supply channel;

[0009] A sealing end cover is fixed inside the outer cylinder;

[0010] The carbonization cylinder is rotatably installed on the machine base. One end of the carbonization cylinder is rotatably and coaxially connected to the sealing end cover. A heat pipe is horizontally fixed inside the outer cylinder body. One end of the heat pipe is connected and communicated with the air supply channel. The carbonization cylinder is arranged in a double-layer structure. The other end of the heat pipe is connected and communicated with the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder through the sealing end cover;

[0011] The heat control unit is arranged in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder;

[0012] The feeding channel is arranged on the sealing end cover. The upper end of the feeding channel is connected and communicated with the discharge port of the crushing seat;

[0013] The filter material unit is fixed inside the carbonization cylinder and is used for filtering and screening the crushed debris mixture inside the carbonization cylinder;

[0014] The transmission part is arranged inside the machine base. The output end of the transmission part is connected and driven to the carbonization cylinder through a transmission belt.

[0015] Preferably, the filter material unit includes:

[0016] The fixing rings are multiple and arranged in a distributed manner. Each of the fixing rings is coaxially fixed inside the carbonization cylinder;

[0017] The shaft tube seat is arranged concentrically inside the fixing ring. A plurality of guide rods are circumferentially distributed between the shaft tube seat and the fixing ring;

[0018] The filter plates are fixed on each of the guide rods. The cross section of the filter plate is in a fan-shaped structure, and two adjacent filter plates are in contact and cooperation.

[0019] Preferably, the mesh holes of the filter plates in the filter material unit far from the sealing end cover are smaller than the mesh holes of the filter plates close to the sealing end cover.

[0020] Preferably, the guide rods are all rotatably connected to the shaft tube seat. An inner shaft is rotatably connected inside the shaft tube seat. A bevel gear is fixed at the end of the guide rod extending into the shaft tube seat. A helical gear is sleeved on the inner shaft, and the helical gear meshes with the bevel gear;

[0021] An installation seat is fixed inside the sealing end cover. A driving shaft is rotatably connected inside the installation seat. A ratchet wheel is fixed at one end of the driving shaft, and a ratchet ring is fixed at one end of the inner shaft. The ratchet wheel and the ratchet ring are connected and assembled. A control motor is arranged outside the installation seat, and the output end of the control motor is connected and transmitted to the driving shaft through the meshing action of gears.

[0022] Preferably, an atmosphere pipe is further connected to the sealing end cover, and a circulating exhaust duct is arranged on one side of the carbonization cylinder.

[0023] Preferably, an annular chamber is formed in the sealing end cover. The annular chamber is communicated with the heat pipe. A plurality of through holes are circumferentially distributed in the inner circumference of the sealing end cover, and each of the through holes is communicated with the annular chamber;

[0024] The heat control unit includes a plurality of partition plates which are circumferentially distributed. Each of the partition plates is fixed in the annular cavity. Each of the partition plates divides the annular cavity into a plurality of heat conduction channels, and the heat conduction channels are arranged corresponding to the through holes;

[0025] A plurality of baffles are arranged in the heat conduction channels, and each of the baffles is arranged corresponding to the fixed ring in the filter element unit.

[0026] Preferably, a partition ring is slidably connected to one side of each baffle in the annular cavity. The partition ring is in sealing fit with the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular cavity;

[0027] A guide hole is formed in the partition ring at each heat conduction channel. One side of the guide hole is connected with a telescopic tube, and the other end of the telescopic tube is correspondingly communicated with the baffle;

[0028] Pneumatic telescopic rods are connected to the baffles in the same straight line position. One end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is connected with the partition ring.

[0029] Preferably, a mixing chamber is further arranged in the carbonization cylinder at the annular cavity. An annular sleeve is hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder at the mixing chamber, and a discharge pipe is connected to the outside of the annular sleeve.

[0030] Preferably, an external connecting sleeve is fixed outside the machine base through a frame. The external connecting sleeve is rotatably and hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder. A plurality of side holes are formed in the side wall of the carbonization cylinder, and a discharge seat is arranged below the external connecting sleeve.

[0031] Preferably, a method for preparing biochar from corncobs includes the following steps:

[0032] S1. Prepare dry corncobs. Feed the corncobs into the crushing seat through a hopper. The crushing seat completely crushes the corncobs to form a debris mixture. The debris mixture is preliminarily accumulated in the carbonization cylinder through a material guiding channel. At this time, each filter plate of the filter element unit in the carbonization cylinder cooperates with each other and contacts under the deflection action of the guide rod to form a plurality of filter layers;

[0033] S2. The transmission part drives the carbonization cylinder to rotate continuously. At this time, the atmosphere pipe synchronously feeds inert gas into the carbonization cylinder, and the inert gas is discharged cyclically through the circulating exhaust duct, so that the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder can pass through each filter layer along with the flow of the inert gas for filtration and screening;

[0034] S3. According to the particle size distribution of the debris mixture at each filtering layer, each pneumatic telescopic rod in the heat control unit slides and adjusts the separation rings at the heat conduction channels in the carbonization cylinder, so that the heat conduction areas at each filtering layer meet the operation requirements;

[0035] S4. The combustion system sends the hot air flow generated by combustion into each heat conduction channel through the hot air booster fan. The hot air flow flows along each heat conduction channel and finally enters the mixing cavity. At this time, a stepped heating temperature is formed at each filtering layer position in the carbonization cylinder to achieve hierarchical carbonization. The debris mixture is evenly heated and preliminarily carbonized during the rotation of the carbonization cylinder;

[0036] S5. After a period of carbonization process, each filter plate separates under the action of the deflection of the guide rod and is parallel to the inner shaft. The debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder is completely mixed during rotation. At this time, the heat conduction channels in the heat control unit are completely opened, and the hot air flow flows completely evenly in the annular cavity in the carbonization cylinder. With the continuous supply of the hot air flow and the continuous rotation of the carbonization cylinder, the debris mixture undergoes a long-term pyrolysis reaction in a high-temperature environment and finally forms biochar;

[0037] S6. The biochar product is discharged through the discharge seat under the outer connecting sleeve.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0039] In the present invention, the carbonization cylinder adopted can be driven by the transmission part to rotate, so as to realize the turning and carbonization of the corn cob debris mixture and ensure its carbonization uniformity. Among them, the filter material unit arranged in the carbonization cylinder can give priority to filtering and screening the debris mixture, so that the debris mixture is classified according to particle size, while the heat control unit adjusts the heat conduction areas at different positions of each heat conduction channel in the carbonization cylinder according to the classification of the debris mixture, so that a stepped heating temperature is formed in the carbonization cylinder, thereby accurately controlling the heating temperature of each area and ensuring that each particle can undergo pyrolysis reaction under the most suitable conditions to realize the preliminary carbonization of the debris mixture;

[0040] In the present invention, each filter plate in the filter material unit can be parallel to the inner shaft under the deflection of the guide rod, so that the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder is completely mixed during rotation, so as to carry out high-temperature mixed pyrolysis on the preliminarily classified and carbonized debris mixture to generate high-quality biochar. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0041] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 is the internal structural sectional view of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the filter material unit in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting base in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the ratchet and the ratchet ring in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 For Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at position A in

[0047] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heat control unit in the present invention;

[0048] In the figure: 1, machine base; 11, frame; 12, outer cylinder; 13, crushing base; 14, hopper; 15, hot gas booster fan; 16, air supply channel; 17, heat pipe; 18, transmission part; 2, sealing end cover; 21, material guiding channel; 22, mounting base; 23, drive shaft; 24, ratchet; 25, ratchet ring; 26, control motor; 27, ring bin; 28, through hole; 3, carbonization cylinder; 31, ring sleeve; 32, row pipe; 33, outer connecting sleeve; 34, side hole; 35, discharging base; 4, heat control unit; 41, partition board; 42, heat conduction channel; 43, baffle; 44, separating ring; 45, telescopic pipe; 46, pneumatic telescopic rod; 47, mixing chamber; 5, filter material unit; 51, fixing ring; 52, shaft pipe base; 53, guide rod; 54, filter plate; 55, inner shaft. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] Please refer to Figures 1-7 , in the embodiment of the present invention, a device for preparing biochar from corncobs includes:

[0050] Machine base 1, with a frame 11 fixed to its outside, and an outer cylinder 12 horizontally fixed to one side of the machine base 1, and the outer cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the frame 11;

[0051] Crushing base 13, arranged above the outer cylinder 12, and a hopper 14 is connected above the crushing base 13; The corncobs can enter the crushing base 13 through the hopper 14 and form a corncob debris mixture after the crushing operation of the crushing base 13;

[0052] Combustion system (not shown in the figure), arranged on one side of the outer cylinder 12, the combustion system is externally connected with a hot gas booster fan 15, and the hot gas booster fan 15 is connected to the outer cylinder 12 through an air supply channel 16, so as to send the high-temperature hot gas generated in the combustion system into the outer cylinder 12 through the air supply channel 16;

[0053] Sealing end cover 2, fixed inside the outer cylinder 12;

[0054] The carbonization cylinder 3 is rotatably mounted on the machine base 1. One end of the carbonization cylinder 3 is rotatably connected to the sealing end cover 2 coaxially. A heat pipe 17 is horizontally fixed inside the outer cylinder 12. One end of the heat pipe 17 is connected to the air supply channel 16. The carbonization cylinder 3 is arranged in a double-layer structure. The other end of the heat pipe 17 is connected to the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder 3 through the sealing end cover 2. The hot air flow in the air supply channel 16 can enter the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder 3 through the heat pipe 17, so as to quickly transfer heat to the carbonization cylinder wall, making the heat evenly distributed around the carbonization cylinder 3 and improving the heating uniformity.

[0055] The heat control unit 4 is arranged in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder 3.

[0056] The material guiding channel 21 is arranged on the sealing end cover 2. The upper end of the material guiding channel 21 is communicated with the discharge port of the crushing seat 13, so that the debris mixture can enter the carbonization cylinder 3 from the discharge port of the crushing seat 13 through the material guiding channel 21.

[0057] The filter material unit 5 is fixed inside the carbonization cylinder 3 and is used for filtering and screening the debris mixture after crushing inside the carbonization cylinder 3.

[0058] The transmission part 18 is arranged inside the machine base 1. The output end of the transmission part 18 is connected and driven to the carbonization cylinder 3 through a transmission belt.

[0059] In the present invention, the filter material unit can preferentially filter and screen the debris mixture, so that the debris mixture is classified according to the particle size. The heat control unit adjusts the heat conduction area at different positions of each heat conduction channel in the carbonization cylinder 3 according to the classification of the debris mixture, so as to form a stepped heating temperature in the carbonization cylinder 3, thereby accurately controlling the heating temperature of each area and ensuring that each particle can carry out the pyrolysis reaction under the most suitable conditions, realizing the preliminary carbonization of the debris mixture. Then the debris mixture can be remixed for high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization. Therefore, the small particles in the debris mixture will not be over-carbonized due to overheating, and the large particles will not be incompletely carbonized due to insufficient heating. The finally generated biochar product is more consistent and stable in physical structure, chemical composition and pore structure.

[0060] In this embodiment, the filter material unit 5 includes:

[0061] A plurality of fixed rings 51 are arranged in a distributed manner. Each of the fixed rings 51 is coaxially fixed inside the carbonization cylinder 3.

[0062] The shaft tube seat 52 is arranged concentrically inside the fixed ring 51. A plurality of guide rods 53 are circumferentially distributed between the shaft tube seat 52 and the fixed ring 51.

[0063] The filter plate 54 is fixed on each of the guide rods 53. The cross-section of the filter plate 54 is in a fan-shaped structure, and two adjacent filter plates 54 are in contact and cooperation, so that the filter plates 54 within the circumferential range cooperate to form a filter layer for filtering and screening the debris mixture. Optimally, a lifting cylinder can be arranged outside the outer cylinder 12, and the expansion and contraction of the lifting cylinder can locally lift the outer cylinder 12, so that the carbonization cylinder 3 is inclined to be erected, further improving the screening effect.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, the mesh holes of the filter plates 54 away from the sealing end cover 2 in the filter element 5 are smaller than the mesh holes of the filter plates 54 close to the sealing end cover 2, so as to screen the debris mixture according to the particle size.

[0065] In this embodiment, the guide rods 53 are all rotatably connected to the shaft tube seat 52. An inner shaft 55 is rotatably connected in the shaft tube seat 52. One end of the guide rod 53 extending into the shaft tube seat 52 is fixed with a bevel gear, and a helical gear is sleeved on the inner shaft 55. The helical gear meshes with the bevel gear.

[0066] An installation seat 22 is fixed in the sealing end cover 2. A drive shaft 23 is rotatably connected in the installation seat 22. One end of the drive shaft 23 is fixed with a ratchet wheel 24, and one end of the inner shaft 55 is fixed with a ratchet ring 25. The ratchet wheel 24 is connected and assembled with the ratchet ring 25. A control motor 26 is arranged outside the installation seat 22. The output end of the control motor 26 is connected and driven with the drive shaft 23 through gear meshing. When the inner shaft 55 rotates synchronously with the carbonization cylinder 3, the ratchet wheel 24 and the ratchet ring 25 rotate relatively. When the drive shaft 23 rotates reversely, the ratchet wheel 24 and the ratchet ring 25 cooperate and engage, so that the inner shaft 55 rotates relative to the carbonization cylinder 3, thereby rotating and adjusting each filter plate 54 on the fixed ring 51.

[0067] In this embodiment, an atmosphere pipe (not shown in the figure) is further connected to the sealing end cover 2. A circulating exhaust duct is arranged on one side of the carbonization cylinder 3. On the one hand, the atmosphere pipe can transport inert gas to create an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment to ensure that the carbonization or pyrolysis process is carried out under ideal conditions. On the other hand, it can assist in the preliminary screening and filtering of the debris mixture, so that fine particles and light substances in the debris mixture can pass through the mesh holes of each filter plate 54, reducing the agglomeration phenomenon.

[0068] In this embodiment, a ring chamber 27 is opened in the sealing end cover 2. The ring chamber 27 is communicated with the heat pipe 17. A plurality of through holes 28 are circumferentially distributed in the inner circumference of the sealing end cover 2. Each through hole 28 is communicated with the ring chamber 27.

[0069] The heat control unit 4 includes partition plates 41 which are multiple and circumferentially distributed. Each of the partition plates 41 is fixed in the annular cavity. Each of the partition plates 41 evenly divides the annular cavity into a plurality of heat conduction channels 42, and the heat conduction channels 42 are arranged corresponding to the through holes 28;

[0070] A plurality of baffles 43 are arranged in the heat conduction channels 42. Each of the baffles 43 is arranged corresponding to the fixing ring 51 in the filter element unit 5. The hot air flow can flow into the heat conduction channels 42 through the through holes 28, so as to rapidly heat the carbonization cylinder 3 during continuous flow.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment, a partition ring 44 is slidably connected to one side of each baffle 43 in the annular cavity. The partition ring 44 is in sealing cooperation with the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular cavity;

[0072] Guide holes are formed in the partition ring 44 at the positions of the heat conduction channels 42. One side of each guide hole is connected with a telescopic pipe 45, and the other end of the telescopic pipe 45 is correspondingly connected with the baffle 43;

[0073] Pneumatic telescopic rods 46 are connected to the baffles 43 in the same straight line position. One end of each pneumatic telescopic rod 46 is connected with the partition ring 44. Wherein, when the pneumatic telescopic rods 46 gradually extend for operation, the distance between the partition ring 44 and the baffle 43 becomes larger, the heat conduction area at the corresponding position in the heat conduction channel 42 decreases, and the heat conduction effect is reduced, so as to effectively adjust the heating temperature at the area position of the carbonization cylinder 3, so as to finely adjust the temperatures of different positions of the carbonization cylinder 3 during preliminary carbonization, ensure that the temperature distribution of each area meets the expectation, and improve the carbonization quality.

[0074] In this embodiment, a mixing chamber 47 is further arranged in the carbonization cylinder 3 at the position of the annular cavity. An annular sleeve 31 is hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder 3 at the position of the mixing chamber 47. A discharge pipe 32 is connected to the outside of the annular sleeve 31, and the discharge pipe 32 can centrally discharge the hot air flow in each heat conduction channel 42.

[0075] In this embodiment, an external connecting sleeve 33 is fixed outside the machine base 1 through a frame 11. The external connecting sleeve 33 is rotationally and hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder 3. A plurality of side holes 34 are formed in the side wall of the carbonization cylinder 3. A discharge seat 35 is arranged below the external connecting sleeve 33.

[0076] A method for preparing biochar from corncobs includes the following steps:

[0077] S1. Prepare dry corncobs, feed the corncobs into the crushing seat 13 through the hopper 14, and the crushing seat 13 completely crushes them to form a debris mixture. The debris mixture is preliminarily accumulated in the carbonization cylinder 3 through the material guiding channel 21. At this time, each filter plate 54 of the filter element 5 in the carbonization cylinder 3 cooperates and contacts with each other under the deflection of the guide rod 53 to form a plurality of filter layers;

[0078] S2. The transmission part 18 drives the carbonization cylinder 3 to rotate continuously. At this time, the atmosphere pipe synchronously feeds inert gas into the carbonization cylinder 3, and the inert gas is discharged through the circulating exhaust channel, so that the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder 3 can pass through each filter layer along with the flow of the inert gas for filtration and screening, which can assist the debris mixture in screening and filtration to avoid agglomeration. Preferably, the lifting cylinder locally lifts the outer cylinder body 12, so that the carbonization cylinder 3 is inclined to be erected, further improving the screening efficiency;

[0079] S3. According to the particle size distribution of the debris mixture at each filter layer, each pneumatic telescopic rod 46 in the heat control unit 4 slides and adjusts the separation ring 44 at the heat conduction channel 42 in the carbonization cylinder 3, so that the heat conduction area at each filter layer meets the operation requirements;

[0080] S4. The combustion system sends the hot air flow generated by combustion into each heat conduction channel 42 through the hot air booster fan 15. The hot air flow flows along each heat conduction channel 42 and finally enters the mixing cavity 47. At this time, a stepped heating temperature is formed at the positions of each filter layer in the carbonization cylinder 3 (each filter layer corresponds to a different heating temperature area to ensure that different particles carry out carbonization reactions at the most suitable temperatures, improving the carbonization efficiency), realizing hierarchical carbonization. The debris mixture is evenly heated and preliminarily carbonized during the rotation of the carbonization cylinder 3;

[0081] S5. After a period of carbonization process, each filter plate 54 separates and is parallel to the inner shaft 55 under the deflection of the guide rod 53. The debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder 3 is completely mixed during rotation. At this time, the heat conduction channels 42 in the heat control unit 4 are completely opened, and the hot air flow completely and evenly flows in the annular cavity in the carbonization cylinder 3. With the continuous supply of the hot air flow and the continuous rotation of the carbonization cylinder 3, the debris mixture undergoes a long-term pyrolysis reaction in a high-temperature environment and finally forms biochar;

[0082] S6. The biochar product is discharged through the discharge seat 35 below the outer connecting sleeve 33.

[0083] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing biochar from corn cobs, characterized in that: It includes: A machine base (1) having a frame (11) fixed to its exterior, an outer cylinder (12) being horizontally fixed to one side of the machine base (1), the outer cylinder (12) being connected and fixed to the frame (11); A crushing seat (13) is arranged above the outer cylinder (12), and a hopper (14) is connected above the crushing seat (13); A combustion system is arranged on one side of the outer cylinder (12), the combustion system is externally connected to a hot air booster fan (15), and the hot air booster fan (15) is connected to the outer cylinder (12) via an air supply channel (16); A sealing end cover (2) fixed inside the outer cylinder (12); A carbonization cylinder (3) is rotatably mounted on the machine base (1), one end of the carbonization cylinder (3) is coaxially rotatably connected to the sealing end cover (2), a heat pipe (17) is horizontally fixed in the outer cylinder (12), one end of the heat pipe (17) is connected to the air supply channel (16), the carbonization cylinder (3) is configured as a double-layer structure, and the other end of the heat pipe (17) is connected to the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder (3) through the sealing end cover (2); A heat control unit (4) is arranged in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder (3); A material guiding channel (21) is provided on the sealing end cover (2), and the upper end of the material guiding channel (21) is connected to the material discharge port of the crushing seat (13); A filter unit (5) is fixed in the carbonization cylinder (3) and is used to filter and screen the crushed debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder (3); The transmission part (18) is arranged in the machine base (1), and the output end of the transmission part (18) is connected to the carbonization cylinder (3) for driving via a transmission belt.

2. The device for preparing biochar from corn cobs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter material unit (5) comprises: A plurality of fixed rings (51) are arranged and distributed, and each of the fixed rings (51) is coaxially fixed in the carbonization cylinder (3); A shaft tube seat (52) is co-centrically arranged inside the fixing ring (51), and a plurality of guide rods (53) are circumferentially distributed between the shaft tube seat (52) and the fixing ring (51); The filter plates (54) are fixed on each of the guide rods (53); the cross section of the filter plates (54) is a fan-shaped structure, and two adjacent filter plates (54) are in contact with each other.

3. The device for preparing biochar from corn cobs according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mesh size of each filter plate (54) in the filter material unit (5) far from the sealing end cover (2) is smaller than the mesh size of each filter plate (54) close to the sealing end cover (2).

4. The device for preparing biochar from corn cobs according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide rods (53) are rotatably connected to the shaft tube seat (52), an inner shaft (55) is rotatably connected inside the shaft tube seat (52), a bevel gear is fixed to the end of the guide rod (53) extending into one end of the shaft tube seat (52), a helical gear is sleeved on the inner shaft (55), and the helical gear meshes with the bevel gear; A mounting seat (22) is fixed inside the sealing end cover (2), a driving shaft (23) is rotatably connected inside the mounting seat (22), a ratchet (24) is fixed to one end of the driving shaft (23), and a ratchet ring (25) is fixed to one end of the inner shaft (55), the ratchet (24) and the ratchet ring (25) are connected and assembled, and a control motor (26) is provided outside the mounting seat (22), and an output end of the control motor (26) is connected to the driving shaft (23) for transmission through gear meshing.

5. The device for preparing biochar from corn cobs according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing end cover (2) is also connected to an atmosphere pipe, and one side of the carbonization cylinder (3) is provided with a circulating exhaust duct.

6. The device for preparing biochar from corn cobs according to claim 4, characterized in that: An annular chamber (27) is provided in the sealing end cover (2), the annular chamber (27) is connected to the heat pipe (17), and a plurality of through holes (28) are distributed on the inner circumference of the sealing end cover (2), each of the through holes (28) is connected to the annular chamber (27); The heat control unit (4) comprises a plurality of baffles (41) distributed around a circumference, each of the baffles (41) being fixed in the annular cavity, each of the baffles (41) dividing the annular cavity into a plurality of heat conduction channels (42), the heat conduction channels (42) being arranged corresponding to the through holes (28); A plurality of baffles (43) are arranged in the heat conduction channel (42), and each of the baffles (43) is arranged corresponding to a fixing ring (51) in the filter material unit (5).

7. The device for preparing biochar from corn cobs according to claim 6, characterized in that: A separation ring (44) is slidably connected to one side of each baffle (43) in the annular cavity, and the separation ring (44) is in sealing cooperation with the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular cavity; The separation ring (44) is provided with guide holes at each heat conduction channel (42), one side of the guide hole is connected to a telescopic tube (45), and the other end of the telescopic tube (45) is correspondingly connected to the baffle (43); Each of the baffles (43) located in the same linear position is connected to a pneumatic telescopic rod (46), and one end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (46) is connected to the separation ring (44).

8. The device for preparing biochar from corn cobs according to claim 7, characterized in that: A mixing chamber (47) is also provided in the annular cavity inside the carbonization cylinder (3), and a sealing sleeve is provided at the mixing chamber (47) outside the carbonization cylinder (3), and a discharge pipe (32) is connected to the outside of the ring sleeve (31).

9. The device for preparing biochar from corn cobs according to claim 8, characterized in that: An external connecting sleeve (33) is fixed to the outside of the machine base (1) through a frame (11); the external connecting sleeve (33) is a rotating sealing sleeve arranged outside the carbonization cylinder (3); a plurality of side holes (34) are opened on the side wall of the carbonization cylinder (3); and a discharge seat (35) is arranged below the external connecting sleeve (33).

10. A method for preparing biochar from corn cobs, using the device for preparing biochar from corn cobs as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Prepare dried corn cobs, feed the corn cobs into a crushing seat (13) through a hopper (14), and completely crush the corn cobs to form a debris mixture. The debris mixture is initially deposited in a carbonizing cylinder (3) through a material guide channel (21). At this time, the filter plates (54) of the filter unit (5) in the carbonizing cylinder (3) cooperate with each other under the deflection of the guide rod (53) to form a plurality of filter layers; S2. The transmission part (18) drives the carbonization cylinder (3) to rotate continuously, and at this time, the atmosphere pipe synchronously feeds inert gas into the carbonization cylinder (3), and the inert gas is circulated and discharged through the circulating exhaust duct, so that the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder (3) can be filtered and screened through each filter layer along with the flow of the inert gas; S3. According to the particle size distribution of the debris mixture at each filter layer, each pneumatic telescopic rod (46) in the heat control unit (4) slides and adjusts the separation ring (44) at the heat conduction channel (42) in the carbonization cylinder (3), so that the heat conduction area at each filter layer meets the operation requirements; S4. The combustion system delivers the hot air flow generated by the combustion into each heat conduction channel (42) through the hot air booster fan (15). The hot air flow flows along each heat conduction channel (42) and finally enters the mixed flow chamber (47). At this time, each filter layer position in the carbonization cylinder (3) forms a stepped heating temperature to achieve graded carbonization. The debris mixture is evenly heated and initially carbonized during the rotation of the carbonization cylinder (3); S5. After a period of carbonization, the filter plates (54) are separated and parallel to the inner shaft (55) under the deflection of the guide rod (53), and the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder (3) is completely mixed during rotation. At this time, the heat conduction channel (42) in the heat control unit (4) is fully opened, and the hot air flow flows completely and evenly in the annular cavity in the carbonization cylinder (3). With the continuous supply of the hot air flow and the continuous rotation of the carbonization cylinder (3), the debris mixture undergoes a long-term pyrolysis reaction in a high temperature environment, and finally forms biochar; S6. The biochar product is discharged through the discharge seat (35) below the outer sleeve (33).

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