Antenna design method of integrated two-dimensional structure balancer

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna design method integrated with a two-dimensional structure balancer. The two-dimensional structure balancer is composed of a feed cable and a simulation cable, wherein the feed cable and the simulation cable are bent along a characteristic line of a two-dimensional oscillator and attached to the surface of the two-dimensional oscillator. According to the invention, a low-frequency resonance point can be introduced without adding any load or disturbance, the lower limit working frequency of the antenna is expanded, and the broadband performance is realized. The broadband performance is realized, and only the horizontal polarization component is excited when the antenna is horizontally arranged. The antenna is simple in structure, low-frequency resonance points can be introduced without additional loading or disturbance, broadband performance is achieved, the original size of the antenna is kept, the antenna has the advantage of miniaturization, and the antenna is easy and convenient to manufacture and high in cost effectiveness. The antenna array can also be used for an oscillator antenna with any two-dimensional convex boundary shape, an antenna array unit can be designed and arrayed according to the scheme, the antenna array unit is expected to be further designed and used for all communication frequency bands, and the antenna array unit has wide application prospects in high-speed data transmission scenes such as low-altitude service and everything intelligent connection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an antenna design method integrating a two-dimensional structure balun, belonging to the fields of wireless communication and microwave technology. Background Art

[0002] In the 6G communication scenario, communication devices have increasingly high requirements for data transmission rate, lightweight, and miniaturization. There is an urgent need to develop communication antennas that integrate broadband and miniaturization. However, in the previously proposed antenna broadbanding methods, most of them require adding additional loading and perturbation, and achieving the broadband performance of the antenna by introducing high-frequency resonance points, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna. A few antennas with metamaterial loading can achieve broadband performance by introducing low-frequency resonance points, but they are severely limited by the narrowband characteristics of the metamaterial itself and the complex structure that requires precise design.

[0003] Furthermore, for broadband communication systems that require high signal-to-noise ratio (such as satellite communication systems), the polarization purity of the antenna is also very important. The higher the polarization purity, the smaller the cross-polarization interference, and the better the system performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes an antenna design method integrating a two-dimensional structure balun. The feeding cable and the simulation cable are bent and extended along two clusters of characteristic lines of the two-dimensional oscillator to obtain a new type of two-dimensional structure balun. The two-dimensional structure balun can not only maintain the feeding balance of the two-dimensional oscillator, but also introduce new resonance points at low frequencies, expand the lower limit operating frequency of the antenna, and achieve broadband performance. The designed antenna integrating the two-dimensional structure balun has a small volume and a simple structure, and can achieve good radiation performance and broadband characteristics only by changing the structure of the balun.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: An antenna design method integrating a two-dimensional structure balun, comprising: Attaching a feeding cable and a simulation cable to the surface of the two-dimensional oscillator, and bending the feeding cable and the simulation cable along the characteristic lines of the two-dimensional oscillator to form a two-dimensional structure balun; The outer conductor of the feeding cable is attached to the right arm of the two-dimensional oscillator, and the inner conductor is connected to the feeding point on the left arm of the two-dimensional oscillator; The outer conductor of the simulation cable is symmetrically attached to the left arm of the two-dimensional oscillator to achieve symmetric feeding; Setting two vertical support cables, and connecting the feeding cable and the simulation cable with the two support cables respectively to form a support structure; Short-circuiting the outer conductors of the two support cables at a distance of 1 / 4 of the oscillator resonance wavelength from the center of the two-dimensional oscillator.

[0006] Preferably, the lengths of the feeding cable and the analog cable are 1 wavelength of the resonance frequency generated by the two-dimensional structure balun itself.

[0007] Preferably, the two-dimensional oscillator is composed of two symmetric two-dimensional sector patches, the central angle range of the sector patch is 200° - 285°, and the arc length is 1 wavelength of the resonance frequency of the two-dimensional oscillator.

[0008] Preferably, the two-dimensional oscillator is arranged vertically or horizontally.

[0009] Preferably, when the two-dimensional oscillator is arranged vertically, the antenna further includes a ground plane and a coaxial converter disposed on the ground plane. The end of the support cable connected to the feeding cable is connected to the coaxial converter, the end of the support cable connected to the analog cable is connected to the ground plane, and the outer conductors of the two support cables are short-circuited through the ground plane.

[0010] Preferably, the diameter of the ground plane is 1 wavelength of the resonance frequency of the two-dimensional oscillator.

[0011] Preferably, the distance between the center of the two-dimensional oscillator and the ground plane is 1 / 4 of the oscillator resonance wavelength.

[0012] Preferably, when the two-dimensional oscillator is arranged horizontally, the antenna further includes a coaxial converter, and the end of the support cable connected to the feeding cable is connected to the coaxial converter.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the support cable is not less than 1 wavelength of the resonance frequency of the two-dimensional oscillator.

[0014] Preferably, the two-dimensional oscillator has a two-dimensional convex boundary shape, and the contour of the two-dimensional structure balun is conformal with two clusters of characteristic lines of the two-dimensional oscillator.

[0015] The present invention also provides an antenna integrated with a two-dimensional structure balun, and the antenna is obtained according to the above antenna design method.

[0016] Compared with the prior art by adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following technical effects: (1) The present invention can introduce new resonance points, that is, introduce low-frequency resonance points, in the frequency range lower than the original resonance mode of the two-dimensional oscillator without adding any loading or perturbation, expand the lower limit operating frequency of the antenna, and achieve broadband performance.

[0017] (2) In addition to achieving the above broadband performance, the antenna designed by the present invention only excites horizontal polarization components when arranged horizontally.

[0018] (3) The antenna designed by the present invention has a simple structure and can introduce low-frequency resonance points without additional loading or perturbation, achieving broadband performance while maintaining the original size of the antenna, having the advantages of miniaturization, being easy to manufacture and cost-effective.

[0019] (4) The present invention can also be used for dipole antennas with any two-dimensional convex boundary shape. Antenna array units can be designed according to this scheme and arrayed, and it is expected to be further designed for all communication frequency bands, having broad application prospects in high-speed data transmission scenarios such as low-altitude services and all things intelligent connection. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure and reference coordinates of the antenna vertically arranged and integrated with a two-dimensional structure balun in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient characteristics of the vertically arranged antenna fed with different types of baluns calculated by HFSS software in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient frequency response curves of the two-dimensional structure balun with the total lengths of the feeding cable and the simulation cable being 161.10 mm (Antenna 1), 154.38 mm (Antenna 2), and 147.68 mm (Antenna 3) respectively, calculated by HFSS software in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure and reference coordinates of the antenna horizontally arranged and integrated with a two-dimensional structure balun in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient frequency response curves of the horizontally arranged antenna integrated with a two-dimensional structure balun with different support cable lengths calculated by HFSS software in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the horizontally arranged antenna integrated with a two-dimensional structure balun at the resonance point of 2.16 GHz when the support cable length is 1 times the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, calculated by HFSS software in another embodiment of the present invention; where (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern and (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern.

[0026] Figure 7In another embodiment of the present invention, when the length of the support cable calculated by HFSS software is 1 times the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the horizontally arranged antenna integrated with the two-dimensional structure balun at the resonance point of 2.54 GHz are shown. Among them, (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern and (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern.

[0027] Figure 8 In another embodiment of the present invention, when the length of the support cable calculated by HFSS software is 2 times the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the horizontally arranged antenna integrated with the two-dimensional structure balun at the resonance point of 2.16 GHz are shown. Among them, (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern and (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern.

[0028] Figure 9 In another embodiment of the present invention, when the length of the support cable calculated by HFSS software is 2 times the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the horizontally arranged antenna integrated with the two-dimensional structure balun at the resonance point of 2.54 GHz are shown. Among them, (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern and (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern.

[0029] Among them, 1 and 1' are two sector patches of the two-dimensional sector oscillator, 2 and 2' are the feeding cable and the simulation cable that make up the two-dimensional structure balun, 3 is the feeding point, 4 and 4' are two support cables, 5 is the ground plane, and 6 is the coaxial converter. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] The following details the implementation manners of the present invention, and the examples of the implementation manners are shown in the drawings. The implementation manners described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0031] Those skilled in the art of the present technology can understand that unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used here have the same meaning as the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with an idealized or overly formal meaning unless defined as here.

[0032] The traditional one-dimensional two-wire balun is designed based on a one-dimensional wire oscillator. Therefore, for a two-dimensional surface oscillator, the two-dimensional structure balun seems to be more suitable for the balanced feeding of a two-dimensional oscillator. Theoretically, for a two-dimensional oscillator with any convex boundary shape, two clusters of characteristic lines belonging to them can be found, which are the characteristic lines parallel to the edge of the two-dimensional oscillator and the characteristic lines parallel to the minimum diameter of the two-dimensional oscillator. For a two-dimensional sector oscillator, its two clusters of characteristic lines are the circumferential characteristic lines and the radial characteristic lines.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: As Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, the antenna designed by the present invention includes a two-dimensional oscillator, a two-dimensional structure balun, and a support structure. The two-dimensional structure balun is composed of a feeding cable 2 and an analog cable 2' that are bent along the characteristic line of the two-dimensional oscillator and attached to the surface of the two-dimensional oscillator. The support structure is composed of two vertical support cables 4, 4' that are respectively connected to the feeding cable 2 and the analog cable 2'. The outer conductor of the feeding cable 2 is attached to the right arm of the two-dimensional oscillator, and the inner conductor is connected to the feeding point 3 on the left arm of the two-dimensional oscillator. The outer conductor of the analog cable 2' is symmetrically attached to the left arm of the two-dimensional oscillator to achieve symmetric feeding. The outer conductors of the two support cables 4, 4' are short-circuited at a distance of 1 / 4 of the oscillator resonance wavelength from the center of the two-dimensional oscillator. There are two implementation methods for this short-circuit: one is to use a ground plane 5 at a distance of 1 / 4 of the oscillator resonance wavelength from the center of the two-dimensional oscillator to short-circuit the outer conductors of the two support cables 4, 4'; the other is to directly short-circuit the outer conductors of the two support cables 4, 4' without setting the ground plane 5.

[0034] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, when the two-dimensional oscillator is vertically arranged, the antenna further includes a circular ground plane 5 and a coaxial converter 6 arranged on the ground plane 5. The end of the support cable 4 is connected to the coaxial converter 6, and the end of the support cable 4' is connected to the ground plane 5, so that the outer conductors of the two support cables 4, 4' are short-circuited through the ground plane 5.

[0035] In this embodiment, air medium is used. The radius length of the selected two-dimensional sector oscillator is 26.50 mm, and the central angle is 270°, that is, the central angle of one sector patch 1, 1' of the two-dimensional sector oscillator is 135°. The corresponding resonance frequency of the oscillator is 2.4 GHz; the two sector patches 1, 1' of the two-dimensional sector oscillator are both vertically arranged, the distance between the two patches 1, 1' is 1.0 mm, and the distance from the feeding point 3 to the center of the oscillator is 24.0 mm; the lengths of the feeding cable 2 and the analog cable 2' are about 1 times the wavelength of their own generated resonance frequency, that is, 161.10 mm; the distance between the center of the two-dimensional sector oscillator and the circular ground plane 5 is 1 / 4 of the resonance wavelength of the two-dimensional oscillator, that is, 31 mm; the diameter of the circular ground plane 5 is about 1 times the wavelength of the resonance frequency of the two-dimensional oscillator, that is, 120 mm.

[0036] The characteristics of the antenna obtained by simulation calculation using HFSS software: Figure 2It is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient characteristics of a vertically installed antenna calculated using HFSS software when fed with different types of baluns. The dashed line represents feeding the antenna with a one-dimensional structure balun, and the solid line represents feeding the antenna with a two-dimensional structure balun. According to the results, the antenna fed with a one-dimensional structure balun exhibits single-mode characteristics. The antenna fed with a two-dimensional structure balun introduces a new low-frequency resonance point at 1.8 GHz, expands the lower limit frequency of the antenna, realizes dual-mode resonance, and the impedance bandwidth covers the frequency band of 1.64 GHz - 2.62 GHz. Compared with using a one-dimensional structure balun, the relative bandwidth of the antenna integrated with a two-dimensional structure balun expands from the original 25.0% to 46.0%.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient frequency response curves of a two-dimensional structure balun when the total lengths of the feeding cable 2 and the simulation cable 2' are 161.10 mm (antenna 1), 154.38 mm (antenna 2), and 147.68 mm (antenna 3) respectively, calculated using HFSS software. According to the results, as the total lengths of the feeding cable 2 and the simulation cable 2' decrease, the resonant frequency of the oscillator's intrinsic mode remains basically unchanged at 2.48 GHz, and the resonant frequencies of the low-frequency resonance points introduced by the two-dimensional structure balun gradually increase, being 1.80 GHz, 1.82 GHz, and 1.86 GHz respectively. The ratios of the total lengths of the feeding cable 2 and the simulation cable 2' to the wavelength of the low-frequency resonance point frequencies are 0.97, 0.94, and 0.92 respectively.

[0038] In another embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, when the two-dimensional oscillator is horizontally installed, the antenna further includes a coaxial converter 6, and the end of the support cable 4 is connected to the coaxial converter 6.

[0039] In this embodiment, air medium is adopted. The selected radius length of the two-dimensional sector oscillator is 27 mm, and the central angle is 270°, that is, the central angle of one sector patch 1, 1' of the two-dimensional sector oscillator is 135°, and the corresponding resonant frequency of the oscillator is 2.4 GHz; the two sector patches 1, 1' of the two-dimensional sector oscillator are horizontally installed, the distance between the two patches is 1.0 mm, and the distance from the feeding point 3 to the center of the oscillator is 19.0 mm; the lengths of the feeding cable 2 and the simulation cable 2' are about 1 times the wavelength of their own generated resonant frequencies, that is, 127.5 mm; the length of the support cable is 1 times or 2 times the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the two-dimensional oscillator, that is, 125 mm or 250 mm.

[0040] The characteristics of the antenna obtained by simulating and calculating using HFSS software are as follows: Figure 5It is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient frequency response curves of an antenna with a horizontally arranged and integrated two-dimensional structure balun calculated by HFSS software when the lengths of the support cables 4 and 4' are different. The solid line represents the reflection coefficient of the antenna when the lengths of the support cables 4 and 4' are 1 times the wavelength (125 mm) of 2.4 GHz, and the dashed line represents the reflection coefficient of the antenna when the lengths of the support cables 4 and 4' are 2 times the wavelength (250 mm) of 2.4 GHz. According to the results, it can be seen that the lengths of the support cables 4 and 4' have little effect on the reflection coefficient. The frequencies of the two resonance points of the antenna are 2.16 GHz and 2.54 GHz respectively.

[0041] Figure 6 It is the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of an antenna with a horizontally arranged and integrated two-dimensional structure balun at the resonance point of 2.16 GHz when the lengths of the support cables 4 and 4' are 1 times the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, calculated by HFSS software.

[0042] Figure 7 It is the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of an antenna with a horizontally arranged and integrated two-dimensional structure balun at the resonance point of 2.54 GHz when the lengths of the support cables 4 and 4' are 1 times the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, calculated by HFSS software.

[0043] Figure 8 It is the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of an antenna with a horizontally arranged and integrated two-dimensional structure balun at the resonance point of 2.16 GHz when the lengths of the support cables 4 and 4' are 2 times the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, calculated by HFSS software.

[0044] Figure 9 It is the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of an antenna with a horizontally arranged and integrated two-dimensional structure balun at the resonance point of 2.54 GHz when the lengths of the support cables 4 and 4' are 2 times the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, calculated by HFSS software.

[0045] In Figures 6 - 9 it, the black solid line is E φ horizontal polarization (main polarization), and the black dashed line is E θ vertical polarization (cross polarization). According to the results, it can be seen that in this embodiment, the generated E θ vertical polarization (cross polarization) is less than -30 dB in the E-plane and less than -40 dB in the H-plane. Therefore, the cross polarization is hardly visible in the normalized radiation pattern in the H-plane. In this embodiment, even if the cable length in the vertical direction is very long, the cable will not excite E θ vertical polarization, and the antenna shows a very low cross polarization level at the resonance point, only exciting the horizontal polarization component.

[0046] In summary, the present invention proposes an antenna integrated with a two-dimensional structure balun and its design method. By only changing the structure of the balun, an integrated design of a broadband and small two-dimensional oscillator antenna can be achieved. Without adding any loading or perturbation, the present invention can introduce new resonance points, that is, introduce low-frequency resonance points, in the frequency range lower than the original resonance mode of the two-dimensional oscillator, expand the lower operating frequency of the antenna, and achieve broadband performance. In addition to achieving the above broadband performance, when the antenna is horizontally arranged, only the horizontal polarization component is excited. The structure of the present invention is simple. Without additional loading or perturbation, low-frequency resonance points can be introduced to achieve broadband performance, while maintaining the original size of the antenna, having the advantages of miniaturization, being easy to manufacture, and having high cost-effectiveness. The present invention can also be used for oscillator antennas with arbitrary two-dimensional convex boundary shapes. The contour of its balun conforms to two clusters of characteristic lines of the oscillator respectively. The balun and the oscillator can be integrated into one body through processes such as sheet metal welding, 3D printing, and microfabrication. Antenna array units can be designed and arrayed according to this scheme, and it is expected to be further designed for all communication frequency bands, having a wide application prospect in high-speed data transmission scenarios such as low-altitude services and Internet of Everything.

[0047] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner in the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any transformation or replacement that can be understood and conceived by those familiar with the technology within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for designing an antenna with an integrated two-dimensional structure balancer, characterized in that: include: A feeding cable (2) and a dummy cable (2') are attached to the surface of the two-dimensional vibrator, and the feeding cable (2) and the dummy cable (2') are bent along the characteristic line of the two-dimensional vibrator to form a two-dimensional structural balancer; The outer conductor of the feed cable (2) is attached to the right arm of the two-dimensional oscillator, and the inner conductor is connected to the feed point (3) on the left arm of the two-dimensional oscillator; The outer conductor of the simulation cable (2') is symmetrically attached to the left arm of the two-dimensional vibrator to achieve symmetrical feeding; Two vertical support cables (4, 4') are provided, and the two support cables (4, 4') are respectively connected to the feeder cable (2) and the simulation cable (2') to form a support structure; The outer conductors of the two supporting cables (4, 4') are short-circuited at a distance from the center of the two-dimensional vibrator by 1 / 4 of the vibrator resonance wavelength.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The lengths of the feed cable (2) and the simulation cable (2') are one wavelength of the resonance frequency generated by the two-dimensional structure balancer itself.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The two-dimensional oscillator is composed of two symmetrical two-dimensional fan-shaped patches (1, 1'), the central angle range of the fan-shaped patches is 200°-285°, and the arc length is 1 times the wavelength of the resonance frequency of the two-dimensional oscillator.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the two-dimensional oscillator is arranged vertically, the antenna further comprises a floor (5) and a coaxial converter (6) arranged on the floor (5); the end of the supporting cable (4) is connected to the coaxial converter (6), and the end of the supporting cable (4') is connected to the floor (5), so that the outer conductors of the two supporting cables (4, 4') are short-circuited through the floor (5).

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The diameter of the floor (5) is one wavelength of the resonance frequency of the two-dimensional oscillator.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The distance between the center of the two-dimensional oscillator and the floor (5) is 1 / 4 of the oscillator's resonance wavelength.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the two-dimensional vibrator is arranged horizontally, the antenna further comprises a coaxial converter (6), and the end of the supporting cable (4) is connected to the coaxial converter (6).

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The length of the supporting cable (4, 4') is not less than one wavelength of the resonance frequency of the two-dimensional oscillator.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-dimensional oscillator has a two-dimensional convex boundary shape, and the contour of the two-dimensional structural balancer is conformal to the two clusters of characteristic lines of the two-dimensional oscillator.

10. An antenna with an integrated two-dimensional structure balancer, characterized in that: The antenna is obtained according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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