Artificial muscle system, manufacturing method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial muscle system, a manufacturing method and application, and the system comprises an integrated driving unit which is composed of artificial muscles with spiral or twisted structures and can generate mechanical movement of rotation, contraction or stretching under external stimulation; the integrated heat management unit comprises a fluid pump with an electrode with a specific surface area of 100m < 2 > / g-1500m < 2 > / g, and is driven by voltage to generate one-way fluid flow so as to quickly dissipate heat generated after the artificial muscle is driven; the integrated sensing layer is formed by compounding a functional filler and an elastic substrate, is integrated on the surface or inside the artificial muscle and is used for monitoring the deformation, temperature, pressure and displacement states of the artificial muscle in the driving process in real time; the fluid pump is integrated with the artificial muscle in a series, parallel or composite configuration mode, the cooling time is shortened, and the driving frequency and efficiency are improved. The system has a wide application prospect and can be applied to the fields of intelligent composite materials, robots, wearable equipment, bionic engineering and medical instruments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent materials and artificial muscles, and particularly to a high-performance artificial muscle system integrating thermal management, sensing, and driving functions in a polymer-based artificial muscle. Background Art

[0002] An artificial muscle is a material or device that can generate mechanical deformation and motion under external stimuli (including but not limited to electricity, heat, light, magnetic field, chemical reaction). With the development of intelligent materials and micro-nano technologies, the application prospects of artificial muscles in the fields of robotics, bionics, medical devices, and wearable technologies are becoming increasingly broad.

[0003] Existing artificial muscle materials include:

[0004] Electrothermal-driven polymer fibers: including but not limited to nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane. Based on pre-twisting the fibers, thermal expansion of the fibers is caused by heating to achieve functions of torsion, stretching, contraction, and composite motion driving.

[0005] Electrochemical-driven materials: including but not limited to conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene. Volume change is achieved through electrochemical reactions.

[0006] Shape memory alloys: including but not limited to nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloys, copper-based shape memory alloys, iron-based shape memory alloys. Phase change is caused by temperature change to achieve shape recovery.

[0007] Dielectric elastomers: including but not limited to silicone rubber, polyurethane, polyacrylate. When a voltage is applied across the elastomer, electrostatic pressure is generated to deform the elastomer.

[0008] Ionic polymer-metal composites: composed of ion-exchange resins (perfluorosulfonic acid or carboxylic acid polymer membranes) and metal nanoparticles (including but not limited to gold, silver, platinum). Deformation driving is generated by the migration of hydrated ions under the action of an electric field.

[0009] Piezoelectric ceramics: including but not limited to barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, lead magnesium niobate-titanate, relaxor ferroelectric single crystals. The inverse piezoelectric effect is utilized to drive the material to generate deformation.

[0010] Fluid-driven artificial muscles: including but not limited to air, water, mineral oil, physiological saline, antifreeze. Driving is generated by the pressure change of gas or liquid.

[0011] Magnetic-driven artificial muscles: including but not limited to magnetorheological elastomers (silicone rubber or polyurethane mixed with carbonyl iron powder, neodymium iron boron particles, and iron oxide), magnetostrictive alloys (Terfenol-D, Galfenol), and magnetic fluids (mineral oil, physiological saline mixed with iron oxide, iron cobalt nickel alloy particles), which generate mechanical motion by utilizing the change of an external magnetic field.

[0012] Light-driven artificial muscles: including but not limited to liquid crystal elastomers (polyurethane-based liquid crystal elastomers, polyacrylate-based liquid crystal elastomers), photosensitive polymers (polyazobenzene, photocurable resins), photothermal conversion materials (gold, silver, copper nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes), and photocatalytic materials (zirconium dioxide), which can generate deformation at specific wavelengths or intensities by utilizing the response characteristics of the materials to light.

[0013] However, there are still some technical challenges in the practical application of these artificial muscles, especially in the field of thermally-driven polymer-based artificial muscles, specifically including:

[0014] Thermal management problem: In thermally-driven polymer-based artificial muscles, the rate of heat accumulation and dissipation limits the driving frequency and efficiency. Especially in large-diameter artificial muscle fibers, heat dissipation is difficult, resulting in a slow circulation speed.

[0015] Difficulty in sensing integration: It is difficult to effectively integrate the sensing function with the artificial muscle driving function to achieve real-time monitoring and control of the muscle state.

[0016] Limitations of materials and structures: Existing artificial muscle materials and structures are difficult to balance high-performance driving, efficient thermal management, and long-term visual sensing functions.

[0017] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an artificial muscle system that integrates efficient thermal management, sensing, and driving functions, which can overcome the above-mentioned technical problems and expand the application scope of artificial muscles. Summary of the Invention

[0018] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a high-performance artificial muscle system that integrates thermal management, sensing, and driving functions. By optimizing material selection and structural design, efficient thermal management, visual state monitoring, and excellent driving performance are achieved to meet various application requirements. This artificial muscle system can be widely applied to fields that require excellent mechanical properties, simple control performance, flexible integration performance, and extensive expansion performance, including but not limited to robotics, wearable devices, bionic engineering systems, and intelligent composite material fields.

[0019] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0020] An artificial muscle system, comprising:

[0021] An integrated drive unit, composed of artificial muscles with a helical or twisted structure, capable of generating mechanical motions such as rotation, contraction, or stretching under external stimuli;

[0022] An integrated thermal management unit, including a fluid pump with an electrode having a specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g to 1500 m 2 / g, which uses voltage drive to generate unidirectional fluid flow for rapid heat dissipation of the heat generated after the artificial muscles are driven;

[0023] An integrated sensing layer, composed of a functional filler and an elastic substrate, integrated on the surface or inside the artificial muscles, for real-time monitoring of the deformation, temperature, pressure, and displacement states of the artificial muscles during the driving process;

[0024] The fluid pump is integrated with the artificial muscles in a series, parallel, or composite configuration.

[0025] Furthermore, the driving method of the artificial muscles is one or more of electrothermal driving, electrochemical driving, fluid driving, light driving, magnetic driving, piezoelectric driving, or shape memory driving; the artificial muscle materials include but are not limited to nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyester, polyimide, liquid crystal polymer, or thermochromic polymer.

[0026] Furthermore, the electrode structure of the fluid pump adopts a helical, asymmetric, porous, interdigitated, reticular, or three-dimensional structure to form an asymmetric electric field to promote the unidirectional flow of the fluid; the electrode materials include but are not limited to multi-walled carbon nanotubes, single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene nanosheets, conductive polymer nanofibers, metal nanowires, or metal-organic framework nanosheets.

[0027] Furthermore, the coolant of the fluid pump is a liquid with high electrical insulation and thermal stability, including but not limited to fluorinated liquids, silicone oils, mineral oils, or ionic liquids; the fluid pump and the artificial muscle assembly are arranged in a series, parallel, or composite configuration to achieve multi-stage cooling and driving; when the fluid pump and the artificial muscles are arranged in a series configuration, the coolant can directly enter the interior of the artificial muscles to achieve efficient cooling and rapid response; when the fluid pump and the artificial muscle assembly are arranged in a parallel configuration, the fluid pump can be used to form cooling channels inside or around the artificial muscles to improve the system integration degree.

[0028] Furthermore, the sensing layer is integrated on the surface or inside of the artificial muscle by coating, impregnation, fiber wrapping, 3D printing or embedding; the sensing mechanism of the sensing layer is one or more of resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, optical, triboelectric, magnetically sensitive, and thermosensitive, and can detect the deformation, temperature, pressure, displacement, speed, acceleration, and magnetic field changes of the artificial muscle; the elastic base material of the sensing layer includes but is not limited to silicone rubber, polyurethane, natural rubber, thermoplastic elastomer or gel material; the functional filler of the sensing layer includes but is not limited to carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanoparticles, lead zirconate titanate, thermochromic materials, conductive polymers, or thermosensitive polymers.

[0029] Furthermore, each unit adopts a modular design to facilitate assembly, maintenance, replacement and upgrading; the functions of each unit are collaboratively controlled by an intelligent control system, which has adaptive, self-diagnostic and self-repair functions, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and adjustment of the state of artificial muscles.

[0030] Furthermore, by adjusting the spring index, twisting degree, fiber diameter, fiber material, driving voltage, coolant material, coolant temperature and sensing layer material of the artificial muscle, the driving performance, thermal management efficiency and sensing sensitivity can be optimized.

[0031] Preferably, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an artificial muscle system, comprising:

[0032] S1. Pre-twisting or forming the polymer fiber or tube into a spiral structure;

[0033] S2. Integrating the sensing layer on the artificial muscle by coating, impregnation, fiber coating, 3D printing or embedding, and applying the sensing layer to the surface or inside of the muscle;

[0034] S3, use 100m 2 / g~1500m 2 / g specific surface area electrode fluid pump, and integrate it with artificial muscle in series, parallel or composite mode;

[0035] S4. Integrate materials for generating external stimuli into artificial muscle components to realize driving functions. The materials for generating external stimuli include heating wires, conductive coatings or photothermal materials.

[0036] Preferably, the present invention also provides a composite material, in which the artificial muscle system is installed by embedding or arranging, and the driving and sensing functions of the artificial muscle are utilized to realize the active anti-deformation, shape adjustment or self-repair function of the composite material under external stimulation.

[0037] Preferably, the present invention also provides an application based on an artificial muscle system, which is applied to a robot actuator, a wearable device, a bionic device or a medical device, providing driving, thermal management and sensing functions.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0039] 1. Efficient thermal management and increased driving frequency: A fluid pump prepared with an electrode material having a high specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g to 1500 m 2 / g (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, conductive polymers, metal nanostructures, etc.) generates unidirectional fluid flow under the action of voltage through special structural designs such as spiral, asymmetric or porous structures. This design can quickly remove the heat generated during the driving process of the artificial muscle, achieve efficient cooling, thereby increasing the working frequency and efficiency of the system, ensuring temperature stability during continuous high-load operation, and extending the service life of the device.

[0040] 2. Enhanced driving performance and output ability: By optimizing the structural parameters of the polymer-based artificial muscle component (such as the degree of twist, fiber diameter, and spring index), it can achieve stable and strong deformation under various driving methods such as electrothermal, electrochemical, fluid, light, magnetic, piezoelectric, or shape memory. The optimized structure enables the artificial muscle to have a larger stretching stroke and a higher output power density, and can achieve rapid response and efficient conversion under the action of various driving methods, adapting to different working conditions and high-performance driving requirements, and enhancing the overall driving ability.

[0041] 3. Real-time status monitoring and precise control: A variety of sensing layers are integrated on the surface or inside of the artificial muscle. These sensing layers utilize various mechanisms such as resistance, capacitance, piezoelectricity, optics, triboelectrification, magnetosensitivity, and thermosensitivity to monitor parameters such as temperature, deformation, pressure, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and magnetic field status in real time. Multi-parameter monitoring not only provides accurate feedback data for the intelligent control system, but also can detect abnormal states in real time during operation, thereby achieving adaptive control and fault warning, and improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0042] 4. Flexible configuration and application expansion: Adopting a modular design and various configuration structures (series, parallel, and composite methods) enables flexible integration of the fluid pump and the artificial muscle component. At the same time, suitable coolants (such as fluorinated liquids, silicone oils, mineral oils, or ionic liquids) can be selected according to different application scenarios. The flexible configuration design enables the system to maintain the best performance under space constraints or specific working conditions, and is also convenient for assembly, maintenance, and upgrade; in addition, it is applicable to multiple fields such as robots, wearable devices, and bionic engineering, effectively expanding the application scope. Moreover, the artificial muscle can be applied to intelligent composite materials, enhancing the active anti-deformation ability of the materials, and expanding the application of the artificial muscle in structural materials and engineering fields.

[0043] 5. Integrated intelligent control and adaptive functions: By coordinating the regulation of thermal management, driving, and sensing functions by an intelligent control system, the system's self - adaptation, self - diagnosis, and self - repair functions are achieved. Intelligent control not only enables the system to achieve collaborative optimization among multiple functions but also adjusts working parameters according to real - time monitoring data to ensure efficient and stable operation in complex environments.

[0044] In summary, through the modular integration and optimized design of each unit of the artificial muscle system, including thermal management, driving, and sensing, the present invention not only significantly improves the driving frequency and output performance but also realizes real - time monitoring and intelligent regulation of the system state. These technical features cooperate with each other to effectively solve the problems of insufficient heat dissipation, limited driving performance, and inaccurate monitoring in the prior art, providing a high - performance, reliable, and flexible solution for fields such as robotics, wearable devices, bionic engineering, and intelligent composite materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the enhanced electrode.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the enhanced electrode.

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the fluid pump body.

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the working mechanism of the artificial muscle.

[0049] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and driving of the parallel artificial muscle.

[0050] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and driving of the series artificial muscle.

[0051] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the parallel artificial muscle.

[0052] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the sensing layer of the artificial muscle.

[0053] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the working mechanism of the sensing layer of the artificial muscle.

[0054] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the intelligent composite material embedded with artificial muscles.

[0055] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the driving of the intelligent composite material embedded with artificial muscles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0056] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0057] The present invention provides an artificial muscle system, comprising:

[0058] An integrated drive unit composed of artificial muscles with a helical or twisted structure, which can generate mechanical motions such as rotation, contraction, or stretching under external stimuli;

[0059] An integrated thermal management unit, including a fluid pump with an electrode having a specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g to 1500 m 2 / g, which uses voltage drive to generate unidirectional fluid flow to achieve rapid heat dissipation of the heat generated after the artificial muscles are driven;

[0060] An integrated sensing layer composed of a functional filler and an elastic substrate, integrated on the surface or inside of the artificial muscle, for real-time monitoring of the deformation, temperature, pressure, and displacement states of the artificial muscle during the driving process;

[0061] The fluid pump is integrally arranged with the artificial muscle in a series, parallel, or composite configuration.

[0062] Specifically, the preparation and assembly methods of each unit and component are as follows:

[0063] 1. Enhanced fluid pump with specific surface area electrode

[0064] In this embodiment, electrode materials with specific surface area are used, including but not limited to carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, conductive polymers, and metal nanostructures, to prepare enhanced fluid pump electrodes. Through special electrode structure designs, including but not limited to helical, asymmetric, porous, reticular, and interdigitated electrodes, unidirectional fluid drive is achieved.

[0065] (1) Electrode preparation: Select materials such as carbon nanotube yarns, graphene sheets, or conductive polymer fibers, and fix them uniformly on conductive substrates such as copper wires, aluminum wires, or stainless steel wires through solution impregnation or physical winding methods to form enhanced composite electrodes. According to the design requirements, perform pre-treatment on the electrodes with helical, asymmetric, or porous structures (see Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) to form an asymmetric electric field, so as to stimulate the movement of charged particles after applying voltage and generate unidirectional fluid flow.

[0066] (2) Pump body fabrication and assembly

[0067] A tubular or closed pump body is prepared by injection molding or extrusion using polymer materials with high thermal stability such as polyurethane, polyethylene or polypropylene; the enhanced composite electrode is embedded or attached inside the pump body to form a complete fluid pump system.

[0068] The prepared enhanced composite electrode is embedded or bonded into the pump body to form a stable structural unit with the pump body. The design of the fluid channel should ensure that a continuous asymmetric electric field is formed in the electrode action area so that the coolant can flow in one direction under voltage drive (see Figure 3 ).

[0069] 2. Fabrication and integration of artificial muscle components

[0070] (1) Preparation of artificial muscle materials: high-performance polymers such as nylon, polyester, polyimide, etc. are used to prepare artificial muscle components through fiber stretching, pre-twisting treatment or tube forming processes to obtain artificial muscles with fiber, film or tubular structures, so that they can rotate, contract or stretch under external stimulation (such as electrothermal or electrochemical drive), see Figure 4 .

[0071] The artificial muscle is driven by wrapping a heating wire around it, applying a conductive coating, or directly heating it with electricity. In order to improve the mechanical response speed and output power density, the geometric shape of the artificial muscle (such as the helical angle, fiber diameter, and degree of twisting) is finely controlled to give it a larger deformation range and higher driving efficiency.

[0072] (2) Thermal management unit structure: Integrate the enhanced fluid pump with the artificial muscle in series, parallel or composite mode, design the flow path of the coolant and the heat exchange method, so that the heat generated during the driving phase can be efficiently removed during the cooling phase. The specific integration configuration of the artificial muscle and the fluid pump is as follows:

[0073] Series configuration: Place the fluid pump at the front end of the artificial muscle assembly to allow the coolant to directly enter the muscle, effectively taking away the heat generated during the driving process, improving the cooling efficiency and driving frequency, see Figure 6 .

[0074] Parallel configuration: The fluid pump and the artificial muscle are arranged side by side so that the coolant forms a flow channel around the muscle. It is suitable for occasions with limited space. Figure 5 and Figure 7 .

[0075] Composite configuration: Combining the advantages of series and parallel connection, designing multi-stage cooling and drive system to meet higher performance requirements.

[0076] During the integration process, the sealing of the fluid channel and the mechanical stability of the structure should be guaranteed to prevent leakage or structural loosening during long-term operation.

[0077] 3. Design and Integration of the Sensing Layer

[0078] In order to achieve real-time monitoring of the state of the artificial muscle, a sensing layer is integrated on the surface or inside of the artificial muscle in this embodiment.

[0079] (1) Preparation of the Sensing Layer

[0080] Select functional fillers such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanoparticles or conductive polymers, and compound them with silicone rubber, polyurethane or other elastic substrates through mixing, dispersion, casting or 3D printing processes to prepare a sensing layer with uniform distribution. The sensing layer is integrated onto the surface or inside of the artificial muscle through methods including but not limited to coating, dipping, fiber coating, 3D printing or embedding to form a multi-layer composite structure.

[0081] Interface treatment: Introduce a highly adhesive interface layer between the sensing layer and the artificial muscle matrix to enhance the adhesion force and prevent the sensing layer from falling off or being damaged during muscle movement.

[0082] Optimize the thickness and adhesion performance of the sensing layer, and ensure that the sensing layer does not fall off or fail during muscle deformation by introducing an interface adhesive or using surface treatment techniques (see Figure 8 ).

[0083] Multiple sensing mechanisms: According to application requirements, the sensing layer can be designed to include but not limited to multiple sensing mechanisms such as resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, optical, magnetosensitive, thermosensitive, etc., to achieve the detection of multiple physical parameters of the artificial muscle including but not limited to deformation, temperature, pressure, displacement, velocity, acceleration. Provide accurate feedback for subsequent intelligent control, see Figure 9 .

[0084] 4. Multiple Configuration Structures of the Thermal Management Unit, Sensing Layer and Driving Unit

[0085] This embodiment provides multiple configuration structures for thermal management, sensing and driving functions to meet the requirements of different application scenarios.

[0086] Series configuration: Suitable for occasions that require efficient cooling and rapid response. The coolant directly enters the inside of the artificial muscle, and the sensing layer can be arranged outside or inside the artificial muscle.

[0087] Parallel configuration: Suitable for applications with limited space or requiring a compact structure. The coolant circulates around the artificial muscle, and the sensing layer can be integrated with the cooling system.

[0088] Composite configuration: Combine the above two configurations to provide a multi-stage cooling and driving scheme, and the sensing layer can achieve multi-point and multi-parameter monitoring.

[0089] By optimizing the material selection and structural design of each component, the artificial muscle system of the present invention has significantly improved in terms of driving frequency, driving performance, thermal management efficiency, and sensing function.

[0090] 5. Application of Artificial Muscles in Intelligent Composites

[0091] In this embodiment, the prepared artificial muscle system is embedded in the intelligent composite material, endowing the material with functions of active anti-deformation, shape memory, and self-healing.

[0092] The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0093] (1) Material preparation: Embed or arrange artificial muscle fibers or structures in a composite material matrix (including but not limited to polymers, metals, ceramics). A composite structure is formed by processes such as lamination, injection, or bonding.

[0094] (2) Function realization: By reasonably designing the embedding position and arrangement method, and utilizing the driving and sensing functions of the artificial muscle, the shape adjustment, stress release, or active deformation of the material under external stimuli is realized, enhancing the adaptability and functionality of the material. See Figure 10 and Figure 11 .

[0095] (3) Performance testing and optimization: Test the mechanical properties, driving response, and thermal management effect of the embedded intelligent composite material, and record various performance indicators. According to the test results, adjust the structural parameters of the artificial muscle components, the coolant flow rate, and the distribution of the sensing layer to further optimize the overall performance.

[0096] (4) Application fields: It can be used for intelligent structural components, shock-absorbing components, and adaptive structures in fields including but not limited to aerospace, building structures, and medical devices.

[0097] 6. System Integration and Intelligent Control:

[0098] Modular design: In this embodiment, the fluid pump, artificial muscle, and sensing layer are respectively used as functional modules, and are assembled by using standard interfaces and modular connection methods, which is convenient for maintenance, replacement, and upgrade. The data and energy transmission between different modules use shielded cables and sealed pipelines to ensure stable signal and efficient fluid flow transmission.

[0099] Implementation of the intelligent control system: A microcontroller or FPGA chip is embedded in the system. By collecting the real-time data fed back by the sensing layer, the driving voltage, frequency of the artificial muscle, and the working state of the fluid pump are dynamically adjusted. The intelligent control system supports adaptive algorithms, self-diagnoses the working state of the system and gives fault warnings, and can automatically adjust or stop for protection in case of abnormalities to ensure the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0100] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The above description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope protected by the claims, those of ordinary skill in the art can make many specific changes in form under the inspiration of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial muscle system, characterized in that: include: An integrated drive unit consisting of an artificial muscle with a spiral or twisted structure that can generate mechanical motions of rotation, contraction or extension under external stimulation; Integrated thermal management unit, including 100m 2 / g~1500m 2 / g specific surface area electrode fluid pump, using voltage drive to generate unidirectional fluid flow, so as to achieve rapid heat dissipation of the heat generated after the artificial muscle is driven; The integrated sensing layer is composed of a functional filler and an elastic substrate, which is integrated on the surface or inside of the artificial muscle and is used to monitor the deformation, temperature, pressure and displacement state of the artificial muscle in real time during the driving process; The fluid pump is integrated with the artificial muscle in a series, parallel or composite configuration.

2. The artificial muscle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial muscle is driven by one or more of electrothermal drive, electrochemical drive, fluid drive, optical drive, magnetic drive, piezoelectric drive or shape memory drive; the artificial muscle material includes but is not limited to nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyester, polyimide, liquid crystal polymer or thermochromic polymer.

3. The artificial muscle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode structure of the fluid pump adopts a spiral, asymmetric, porous, interdigitated, mesh or three-dimensional structure to form an asymmetric electric field to promote the unidirectional flow of the fluid; the electrode material includes but is not limited to multi-walled carbon nanotubes, single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene nanosheets, conductive polymer nanofibers, metal nanowires or metal organic framework nanosheets.

4. The artificial muscle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coolant of the fluid pump is a liquid with high electrical insulation and thermal stability, including but not limited to fluorinated liquid, silicone oil, mineral oil or ionic liquid; the fluid pump and the artificial muscle component are arranged in series, parallel or composite configuration to achieve multi-stage cooling and driving; when the fluid pump and the artificial muscle are arranged in series configuration, the coolant can directly enter the artificial muscle to achieve efficient cooling and rapid response; when the fluid pump and the artificial muscle component are arranged in parallel configuration, the fluid pump can be used to form a cooling channel inside or around the artificial muscle to improve the degree of system integration.

5. The artificial muscle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing layer is integrated on the surface or inside of the artificial muscle by coating, impregnation, fiber coating, 3D printing or embedding; the sensing mechanism of the sensing layer is one or more of resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, optical, triboelectric, magnetic sensitive and thermosensitive, and can detect the deformation, temperature, pressure, displacement, speed, acceleration and magnetic field changes of the artificial muscle; the elastic base material of the sensing layer includes but is not limited to silicone rubber, polyurethane, natural rubber, thermoplastic elastomer or gel material; the functional filler of the sensing layer includes but is not limited to carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanoparticles, lead zirconate titanate, thermochromic materials, conductive polymers or thermosensitive polymers.

6. The artificial muscle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each unit adopts a modular design to facilitate assembly, maintenance, replacement and upgrading; the functions of each unit are collaboratively controlled by an intelligent control system, which has adaptive, self-diagnostic and self-repair capabilities to achieve real-time monitoring and adjustment of the artificial muscle state.

7. The artificial muscle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: By adjusting the spring index, twisting degree, fiber diameter, fiber material, driving voltage, coolant material, coolant temperature and sensing layer material of the artificial muscle, the driving performance, thermal management efficiency and sensing sensitivity can be optimized.

8. A method for manufacturing the artificial muscle system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: S1. Pre-twisting or forming the polymer fiber or tube into a spiral structure; S2. Integrating the sensing layer on the artificial muscle by coating, impregnation, fiber coating, 3D printing or embedding, and applying the sensing layer to the surface or inside of the muscle; S3, use 100m 2 / g~1500m 2 / g specific surface area electrode fluid pump, and integrate it with artificial muscle in series, parallel or composite mode; S4. Integrate materials for generating external stimuli into artificial muscle components to realize driving functions. The materials for generating external stimuli include heating wires, conductive coatings or photothermal materials.

9. A composite material, based on the artificial muscle system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The composite material is installed with the artificial muscle system by embedding or arranging, and the driving and sensing functions of the artificial muscles are utilized to realize the active anti-deformation, shape adjustment or self-repair functions of the composite material under external stimulation.

10. An application of the artificial muscle system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Applied in robotic actuators, wearable devices, bionic devices or medical devices to provide driving, thermal management and sensing functions.

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