The invention discloses a preparation method of a photocuring type superhydrophobic composite film. The composite film comprises an elastic substrate and a surface superhydrophobic layer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing the elastic substrate: uniformly mixing a photoinitiator with a prepolymer, and carrying out ultraviolet irradiation on an obtained mixture to obtain a precured elastic substrate; secondly, preparing turbid liquid: uniformly dispersing a polymer with low surface energy, the photoinitiator, a cross-linking agent and micro and/or nano hydrophobic particles in a solvent to obtain the turbid liquid; thirdly, preparing the superhydrophobic composite film: coating the elastic substrate with the turbid liquid, and then carrying out ultraviolet irradiation curing treatment to obtain the composite film with superhydrophobicity. According to the superhydrophobic composite film prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the elastic substrate and the superhydrophobic layer are integrated by chemical crosslinking; the uperhydrophobic composite film has the advantages of simple preparation process, good friction resistance and tensile resistance, stable superhydrophobic effect and the like; the coating is not easy to fall off.