Orthodontic diopter apparatus and methods

Abstract

Devices (e.g., distancers) and methods for distancing teeth of a subject while preventing or reducing unwanted tilting and / or rotation of the teeth. The dilator device may include tooth engagement regions shaped to receive molars, canines, and / or premolars, may include a transpalate region extending between the engagement regions having a leading edge rearward of a premolar region of a first tooth engagement region, and a second tooth engagement region having a leading edge rearward of the premolar region of the first tooth engagement region. And may include an attachment site on the outer cheek surface for an elastic band.

Description

Claim for Priority

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 405,857, filed on September 12, 2022, titled "Orthodontic Distalizer Devices and Methods", the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Incorporation by Reference

[0002] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0003] Distalization is the process of treating Class II molar and canine malocclusions. During treatment, an appliance, commonly referred to as a distalizer, is applied to the teeth to provide segmental distal movement of the canines to the molars in the posterior region of the maxillary or mandibular arch. The distalizer may include a mesial element fixed to the canine or bicuspid, a distal element fixed to the molar, and an arm connecting the mesial element to the distal element. A ball member on the arm may be received in the distal element to allow the ball member to rotate and upright relative to the molar. Hooks for elastomers, such as bands (e.g., rubber bands), may be fixed to the mesial and distal elements. Over time, the force applied to the molar due to the connection between the mesial and distal elements causes a change in the position of the tooth.

[0004] Conventional distalizers may cause undesirable tooth tipping and may be difficult to fabricate. What is needed is a distalizer that can be easily fabricated and can avoid undesirable tooth tipping during treatment. The methods and devices described herein can address these needs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Devices (e.g., apparatuses and systems, which include distalizers and software or firmware for designing and manufacturing these apparatuses and systems) and methods are described herein for distalizing an object's teeth while preventing or reducing undesirable tipping and / or rotation of the object's teeth. These methods and devices can be part of an orthodontic treatment, and in particular, can be part of an orthodontic treatment that includes a series of orthodontic aligners, which include "shell aligners" that can be removably worn on an object's teeth (upper arch and / or lower arch). The devices described herein can include a distalizer configured to be removably worn on an object's maxillary (upper (tooth) arch) teeth and to cooperate with a removable device (e.g., a calibrator) worn on the object's mandibular (lower (tooth) arch) teeth.

[0006] Generally, these devices and methods can include a transpalatal region, also referred to herein as a transpalatal arch or TPA, which can be integrated as part of a distractor to limit the lingual tipping of the molars of an object and reduce the reaction force on adjacent teeth. Optionally, the transpalatal region can effect simultaneous arch expansion (or can maintain arch expansion after a previous arch expansion step). The size (e.g., shape, thickness, etc.) and / or material of the transpalatal region can be specifically configured to reduce, limit, or prevent the tipping and / or rotation of the molars and / or canines (or in some cases the molars and / or anterior premolars). The transpalatal region can extend between a first tooth engagement region (“first engagement region”) and a second tooth engagement region (“second engagement region”). Generally, the first tooth engagement region and / or the second tooth engagement region can extend further forward than the transpalatal region, which can reduce the reaction force between adjacent teeth and prevent tipping. For example, the distractors described herein can generally have an “h” or “H” shape, where the leading edge of the transpalatal region is behind the premolar region and / or canine region of the first engagement region and / or the second engagement region.

[0007] Any of these devices can include a segmented design that decouples the A-P force between the anterior and posterior segments of the object's dental arch. The distractors described herein may not include an anterior region that engages the incisors of the object. Thus, the distractors described herein can eliminate the need for an anterior bridge between the left and right sides of the (dental) arch, which can avoid breakage of the orthodontic appliance during manufacture and use. Optionally, in some examples, these distractors can include a movably coupled anterior region that, when worn, can engage the incisors of the object.

[0008] The distractors described herein can include one or more hooks and / or buttons for attaching elastics (rubber bands) to apply or enhance the distractive force. The elastic attachments (hooks, buttons, etc.) in combination with the palatal region can be configured to control distal tipping, reduce canine rotation, and redistribute the distractive force for faster distraction. For example, the elastic attachments can be configured to be positioned on the canine region and / or premolar region of the distractor such that when worn, the elastic attachments are positioned adjacent to the canines and / or premolars of the object.

[0009] The distalizer device described herein may include a component configured to be worn on the maxillary teeth (including components adjacent to the palatal region), and a component configured to be worn on the mandibular teeth; an elastic band ("rubber band") may be connected between the first component and the second component to apply or increase a distalizing force. The first component configured to be worn on the maxillary teeth may be simply referred to as a "distalizer", and the second component configured to be worn on the mandibular teeth may be referred to as a mandibular distalizer. As described herein, the distalizer device or distalizer system may include a first component and a second component, and the first component and the second component may include attachments for one or more elastic bands.

[0010] For example, an orthodontic distalizer device may include: a first tooth engagement region having one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more molars and one or more canines and / or premolars, the first tooth engagement region including a buccal outer surface, a lingual outer surface, and an occlusal outer surface; a second tooth engagement region having one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more teeth; a transverse palatal region extending between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region, the transverse palatal region having a leading edge after the premolar region of the first tooth engagement region; and, an attachment site for an elastic band on the buccal outer surface.

[0011] Any of these devices may include an anti-bite guard on the occlusal outer surface, the anti-bite guard configured to prevent or reduce intercuspation when the device is worn. The anti-bite guard may include an occlusal ramp and / or an occlusal block. For example, the anti-bite guard may include one or more of the following: a front occlusal ramp, a canine occlusal ramp, and a posterior occlusal block.

[0012] The attachment site may be configured to be positioned close to the canine when the device is worn. In some examples, the attachment site may be close to the premolar. The attachment site includes a button or a hook. In some examples, the attachment site is configured to be positioned above the gingival region when the device is worn; for example, the attachment site may be configured to be positioned closer to the centroid (the center of resistance) of the canine or premolar, which may reduce or prevent tipping and / or rotation. In some examples, the attachment site is positioned at or near the trim line (e.g., within 5 mm, within 4 mm, within 3 mm, within 2 mm, within 1 mm, etc. of the trim line of the first tooth engagement region).

[0013] The one or more cavities of the second tooth engagement region may be shaped to receive one or more molars, premolars, and canines. In some examples, the device is configured as a unilateral distalizer having only one attachment site for an elastic band.

[0014] As previously described, any of these devices can include a mandibular orthotic device configured to fit over an object's mandibular teeth and including complementary elastomeric band attachment sites.

[0015] In some examples, the expander does not include an anterior section between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region. Any expander described herein can include an anterior section configured to couple between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region and engage at least (or in some examples, only) the lingual surfaces of one or more incisors. For example, the anterior section can be slidably coupled to the first tooth engagement region and / or the second tooth engagement region.

[0016] The expander described herein can also or alternatively be configured to have different regions of different wall thicknesses, which can help to adjust the forces on the teeth to prevent or limit tipping and / or rotation (e.g., tipping and / or rotation of the canines and / or premolars to which the attachment is coupled). For example, the anterior regions of the first tooth engagement region and the anterior regions of the second tooth engagement region can have a greater wall thickness than the posterior regions of the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region.

[0017] In any of these examples, the transverse palatal region can not extend beyond the premolar region anterior to the anterior sides of the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region.

[0018] For example, an orthodontic expander device can include: a first tooth engagement region having one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more molars and one or more canines and / or premolars, the first tooth engagement region including an outer buccal surface, an outer lingual surface, and an outer occlusal surface extending between the outer buccal surface and the outer lingual surface; a second tooth engagement region having one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more molars; a transverse palatal region extending between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region, the transverse palatal region having a leading edge posterior to the canine region and / or premolar region of the first tooth engagement region, wherein the first tooth engagement region, the second tooth engagement region, and the transverse palatal region are formed of a continuous polymeric material; an attachment site for an elastomeric member on the outer buccal surface, the attachment site configured to be positioned adjacent a canine or premolar when the device is worn; and, an anti-bite guard on the first tooth engagement region, the anti-bite guard configured to prevent or reduce cusp interdigitation when the device is worn.

[0019] The present document also describes methods of using any of these devices. For example, a method of distally moving an object's teeth may include: applying a distalizer device to the maxillary teeth of the object such that the object's teeth engage a first tooth engagement region that houses one or more molars and one or more canines and / or premolars, a second tooth engagement region that houses one or more teeth, and a transpalatal region that extends between the molar regions of the first tooth engagement region and the molar regions of the second tooth engagement region; applying a mandibular device to the mandible of the object; and coupling an elastic band to an attachment site on the distalizer device and an attachment site on the mandibular device to apply a distalizing force to the object's molars, wherein the transpalatal arch region applies a counter moment to the teeth to prevent or reduce lingual tipping of the object's molars and / or canines. Any of these methods may also include using one or more bite preventers of the distalizer device and / or the mandibular device to prevent or reduce cusp-to-cusp occlusion.

[0020] The present document also describes methods of designing, fabricating, and / or manufacturing the distalizer devices described herein. For example, a method of forming an orthodontic distalizer for an object may include: generating a digital model of the distalizer device based on a digital model of the object's dentition, the distalizer device including a first tooth engagement region, a second tooth engagement region, and a transpalatal region, wherein the first tooth engagement region is configured to house a first set of maxillary teeth of the object, the first set of maxillary teeth including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second tooth engagement region is configured to house a second set of maxillary teeth of the object including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transpalatal region is configured to extend between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region adjacent to the object's palate, and wherein generating the digital model of the distalizer device further includes: determining the location of an elastic band attachment site on the distalizer device to apply a distalizing force to the object's molars and / or premolars or canines when the elastic band is attached; and adjusting one or more dimensions of the transpalatal region such that when the distalizer device is worn, the transpalatal region generates a counter force to prevent or limit crown tipping and rotation of the molars and canines; and, transmitting the digital model of the orthodontic distalizer for fabrication.

[0021] Any of these methods may include receiving a digital model of the object's current dentition, including the palatal region of the object's dentition, and / or receiving a digital model of a target arrangement (final arrangement and / or one or more intermediate arrangements) of the patient's dentition. The methods described herein may include using the initial and / or final (or intermediate) positions of the dentition in order to design the distalizer and determine forces (including distalizing forces and / or counter forces). As used herein, the term "object" may refer to a suitable object, including a patient.

[0022] As described above, any of these devices and methods can include using an anti-biting device (e.g., a bite block, a bite ramp, etc.) to prevent or limit cusp engagement to enhance the distal movement effect. For example, generating a digital model of a distalizer device can further include determining the position of an anti-biting device on the distalizer device to prevent or reduce cusp engagement between the maxilla and the mandible of the subject when the distalizer device is worn.

[0023] The transverse palatal region can be configured to have a leading edge after the canine region and / or the premolar region of the first tooth engagement region.

[0024] Generally, determining the position of the elastic band attachment site can include calculating a distal movement force based on one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region (e.g., based on the thickness and / or positioning of the transverse palatal region). In some examples, the distal movement force can be determined based on a target tooth position (e.g., a final or intermediate target tooth position).

[0025] In any of these devices and methods, determining the position of the elastic band attachment site can include positioning the elastic band attachment site on a buccal extension of the first tooth engagement region, which is configured to be above the gingival region. In some embodiments, the method can include positioning the elastic band attachment site at or near a cutline of the distalizer (e.g., at the canine region and / or the premolar region), including within about 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, etc. of the cutline.

[0026] Any of these methods can include manufacturing an orthodontic distalizer. The distalizer can be manufactured by 3D printing the orthodontic distalizer; in some examples, the distalizer can be manufactured by thermoforming.

[0027] For example, a method of forming an orthodontic distalizer for an object may include: generating a digital model of a distalizer device including a first engagement region, a second engagement region, and a transpalatal region based on a digital model of the dentition of the object, wherein the first engagement region is configured to receive a first set of maxillary teeth of the object, the first set of maxillary teeth including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second engagement region is configured to receive a second set of maxillary teeth of the object including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transpalatal region is configured to extend between the first engagement region and the second engagement region adjacent to the palate of the object; wherein generating the digital model of the distalizer device further includes: determining the location of an elastomeric band attachment site on the distalizer device based at least in part on one or more dimensions of the transpalatal region to apply a distalizing force to the molars and / or premolars or canines of the object when the elastomeric band is attached; adjusting one or more dimensions of the transpalatal region such that when the distalizer device is worn, the transpalatal region generates a reaction force to prevent or limit the crown tilting and rotation of the molars and canines; and determining the location of a bite guard on the distalizer device to prevent or reduce the cusp-to-cusp occlusion of the maxilla and mandible of the object when the distalizer device is worn; and transmitting the digital model of the orthodontic distalizer for manufacturing.

[0028] The present disclosure also describes an apparatus (e.g., software, firmware, and / or hardware) for performing any of these methods, including a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions executable by a processor, which when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform any of these methods. For example, described herein is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions executable by a processor, which when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform the following method: generating a digital model of a distalizer device including a first engagement region, a second engagement region, and a transpalatal region based on a digital model of the dentition of the object, wherein the first engagement region is configured to receive a first set of maxillary teeth of the object including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second engagement region is configured to receive a second set of maxillary teeth of the object including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transpalatal region is configured to extend between the first engagement region and the second engagement region adjacent to the palate of the object, and wherein generating the digital model of the distalizer device further includes: determining the location of an elastomeric band attachment site on the distalizer device to apply a distalizing force to the molars and / or premolars or canines of the object when the elastomeric band is attached; and adjusting one or more dimensions of the transpalatal region such that when the distalizer device is worn, the transpalatal region generates a reaction force to prevent or limit the crown tilting and rotation of the molars and canines; and transmitting the digital model of the distalizer device for manufacturing.

[0029] For example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions executable by a processor, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the following method: generating a digital model of a distalizer device including a first engagement region, a second engagement region, and a transverse palatal region from a digital model of an object dentition, wherein the first engagement region is configured to receive a first set of object maxillary teeth including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second engagement region is configured to receive a second set of object maxillary teeth including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transverse palatal region is configured to extend between the first engagement region and the second engagement region adjacent to the palate of the object; wherein generating the digital model of the distalizer device further includes: determining, at least in part based on one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region, a location of an elastic band attachment site on the distalizer device to apply a distalizing force to the molars and / or premolars or canines of the object when the elastic band is attached; adjusting one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region such that when the distalizer is worn, the transverse palatal region generates a reaction force to prevent or limit the crown tilting and rotation of the molars and canines; and determining a location of a bite guard on the distalizer device to prevent or reduce cusp-to-cusp occlusion of the maxilla and mandible of the object when the distalizer device is worn; and transmitting the digital model of the distalizer device for fabrication.

[0030] Generally, the methods and devices (including distalizers) described herein can be configured to prevent the device from being pulled off while still applying a distalizing force. In particular, the devices and methods described herein can be configured to minimize or reduce the pull-off of an appliance (e.g., an orthodontic appliance, a palatal expander, etc.) due to the (one or more) distalizing forces. The dental appliances described herein can include, for example, one or more attachments and can be configured using the software-related devices and methods described herein to enhance the retention of the appliance on the teeth while applying a significant distalizing force. For example, these devices can include a transverse palatal arch (TPA). The TPA can be integrated with the distalizer and can control the lingual inclination of the molars, reduce the reaction force on adjacent teeth, and at the same time be capable of arch expansion. In some examples, these devices can include a segmented design that decouples the A-P force between the anterior and posterior segments of the arch. Any of these devices can include hooks and buttons for elastics to control the distal inclination, reduce canine rotation, and redistribute the distalizing force for faster distal movement.

[0031] All methods and devices described herein, in any combination, are contemplated herein and can be used to achieve the benefits described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] A better understanding of the features and advantages of the methods and devices described herein will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments and the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 Class II malocclusion that can be treated by the methods and devices described herein is schematically shown.

[0034] Figure 2 An example of a device for applying a distal movement force is shown on models of the maxilla and mandible.

[0035] Figures 3A - 3F Shown is for example such as Figure 2 The force system generated on the teeth for the device of the example shown.

[0036] Figure 4 Is an example of a distractor including a transverse palatal region as described herein.

[0037] Figure 5 Is an example of a distractor including a transverse palatal region as described herein.

[0038] Figure 6 Is an example of a bilateral distractor.

[0039] Figure 7 Is an example of a unilateral distractor.

[0040] Figure 8 Is an example of a bilateral distractor worn on the maxilla.

[0041] Figure 9 Is an example of a unilateral distractor worn on the mandible.

[0042] Figures 10A - 10F Shows an example of the force (force system) generated by a bilateral distractor (such as the distractor shown Figure 8 ), in which three different elastic bands are referenced (4 ounce (oz) elastic band (solid line), 6 ounce elastic band (dashed line) and 8 ounce elastic band (dash-dotted line)).

[0043] Figures 11A - 11C Shows another example of a distractor including an anterior region that engages with the incisors, the anterior region being slidably coupled to the remainder of the distractor. Figure 11A Shows a device worn on the maxilla. Figure 11B Shows the anterior region. Figure 11C Shows the posterior region.

[0044] Figure 12 The use of a bite appliance that can be used in combination with the distractors described herein is schematically shown.

[0045] Figure 13 An occluder is schematically shown that can be used with any of the distalizer devices described herein.

[0046] Figure 14 An example of an attachment (e.g., configured as a hook) is shown that can be used with any of the distalizer devices described herein.

[0047] Figure 15 An example of a region of a distalizer as described herein is shown, which includes an attachment on the buccal extension of the first tooth engagement region, the attachment being configured above the gingival region.

[0048] Figure 16 An example of a distalizer including a reinforced anterior region is shown.

[0049] Figure 17 Is an example of a distalizer including an anterior region with a reinforced (thickened) region.

[0050] Figure 18 An example of a method of manufacturing a distalizer device as described herein is schematically shown. Detailed Description

[0051] Devices and methods for molar distalization are described herein. Any of these distalizer devices can be a patient-removable appliance that includes an upper (maxillary) device having two or more separate but connected tooth engagement regions, each tooth engagement region having one or more cavities and attachment sites for coupling an elastic band (e.g., a rubber band), the one or more cavities being shaped to receive teeth (typically one or more molars and one or more canines and / or premolars), the elastic band (e.g., a rubber band) being between the upper device and an attachment to the lower (mandibular) device or lower teeth. Any of these devices can include a transverse palatal region extending between the engagement regions. The device can be configured with one or more features (including the transverse palatal region, the thickness of regions of the device, etc.) to adjust the applied (one or more) distalizing forces to prevent or reduce tooth tipping and / or rotation, particularly of anterior teeth (e.g., canines or premolars) and / or molars.

[0052] The distalizers described herein can be superior to other distalization methods and devices, which may result in undesirable tipping or rotation of teeth, or may take a long time and / or may be incompatible with treatment plans involving dental appliances. For example, the methods and devices described herein can use a transpalatal arch (TPA) as part of the distalizer. The transpalatal arch can provide structural integrity and better force distribution (referred to herein as the force system). Generally, these distalizers can have a segmented design, including two or more engagement regions connected by a transpalatal arch. The engagement regions can extend further forward than the transpalatal arch region. Generally speaking, the distalizer can cover molars and premolars, and in some examples, canines on at least one side of the oral cavity, while the transpalatal region can only extend between molars, but cannot extend further forward than the molars or the posterior premolars. In some examples, these devices do not extend to the incisors in the maxilla (incurs).

[0053] Any of these devices and methods can include an anti-bite device (such as an occlusal ramp or an occlusal block), which can prevent cusp-to-cusp contact between the maxilla and the mandible, and cusp-to-cusp contact may inhibit distalization.

[0054] Any of these devices and methods can modify the attachment sites (e.g., hooks, buttons, etc.) to minimize rotational and / or tipping forces applied to the teeth (e.g., canines, premolars, etc.) at the attachment sites. In some examples, including hooks may be particularly beneficial, which can reduce or limit tipping and / or rotation. In some examples, the attachment can be a button attachment for an elastic member (e.g., an elastic band). To reduce tipping and / or rotational forces, the attachment site can be further oriented towards or located above the gingiva.

[0055] Any of these devices and methods can be configured to have greater stiffness (e.g., including greater thickness) in some areas by increasing the device thickness or introducing a support member (e.g., a lingual bar). Generally, these devices (upper devices, lower devices, etc.) can be formed from a single material, such as a thermoformed material sheet, and / or can be formed by 3D printing technology

[0056] Accordingly, the devices and methods described herein can avoid breakage or permanent deformation of the distractor. These devices can also reduce or eliminate (e.g., can minimize) the counter-moment generated due to mesial-out rotation of the molars when using the transverse palatal arch region (e.g., for transverse palatal expansion). Generally, these methods and devices can be used as part of a treatment plan, and / or as part of a treatment plan that includes (arch) expansion (palatal expansion). Although applying a distal force and / or an expansion force is known to generate a reaction force or moment that can exert an undesired lingual / bucal force on the molars, the methods and devices described herein are configured to distribute the reaction force to the other side of the jaw and reduce tooth lingual inclination (e.g., tooth lingual inclination of molars and / or canines). For example, any device described herein can be configured such that the distractor includes a transverse palatal arch that is further configured to apply a reaction force to push the teeth buccally, thereby avoiding an inclination moment from the elastic member.

[0057] Generally, these methods and devices can be used to customize the force level and can help balance the distal and vertical components of the force from the applied distal force (e.g., from an elastic member). In addition to preventing inclination, these methods and devices can apply a sufficient amount of lateral force for (arch) expansion and can be particularly helpful in creating space for de-crowding. Accordingly, these methods and devices can inhibit the distal crown inclination of molars and canines and reduce canine rotation.

[0058] Figure 1 An example of a Class II malocclusion that can be treated using the methods and devices described herein is shown. A malocclusion generally occurs when, as the jaws close, the teeth of the two dental arches come close to each other and there is a misalignment or incorrect relationship between their teeth. For example, in a Class II malocclusion such as Figure 1 shown, the maxillary anterior teeth may protrude, and the mesial buccal groove of the mandibular first molar can be located distally (e.g., posteriorly) when occluding with the mesial buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar. The mesial buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar can be located between the mandibular first molar and the second premolar. The teeth may be proclined, and a large overjet may be present. In some examples, the maxillary central incisors may be retroclined. The maxillary lateral incisors may be proclined or normally inclined.

[0059] Figure 2An example of a distalizer 200 is shown that includes paired engagement regions 207 for the upper teeth (applied to molars, premolars, and canines). The upper device is coupled to a lower device (orthodontic appliance 217) on the lower teeth via paired attachment sites, to which elastic bands 203 are applied. This example includes a buccal-side cutout of the incisors 230. The device may be subject to bending, so stress concentrations may occur at the transition points between the cutout and non-cutout regions. The elastic member 203 can apply a distalizing force on buttons attached to the teeth or on hooks formed, for example, by cutting the orthodontic appliance at the canines. In this example, the resulting force can be close to the canine crown and relatively far from the center of resistance of the tooth, resulting in a moment that may cause distal crown tipping. The force system in this example may cause lingual tipping of the molars and canines. See, for example Figures 3A - 3F , which shows the forces acting on the tooth in the x ( Figure 3A ), y ( Figure 3C ), z ( Figure 3E ) directions, and the resulting moments in the x ( Figure 3B ), y ( Figure 3D ), and z ( Figure 3F ) directions.

[0060] As described above, any of the distalizers described herein may include a transpalatal region. Figure 4 An example of a transpalatal region 405 extending between a first tooth engagement region 409 and a second tooth engagement region 407 is shown. The first tooth engagement region 409 has one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more molars as well as one or more canines and / or premolars. The second tooth engagement region 407 has one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more molars as well as one or more canines and / or premolars. Each of the tooth engagement regions includes an outer buccal surface, an outer lingual surface, and an outer occlusal surface. In Figure 4 , attachment sites (e.g., buttons) 411 for the elastic bands are positioned on the buccal surface of the region of the first engagement region above the canine region of the first engagement region.

[0061] Generally, the transpalatal structure can provide support and redistribute forces in the facial and palatal directions. Such a transpalatal structure can prevent lingual crown tipping of the teeth when a distalizing force is applied, for example, by an elastic band, and can limit mesial rotation of the teeth. In addition, the transpalatal region can improve the integrity and strength of the device, reducing or preventing the need for reinforcements (e.g., reinforced by a linguoplate), which may cause discomfort. Generally, these distalizer devices can be very comfortable while remaining robust, preventing damage to the device structure and reducing tongue irritation.

[0062] In Figure 4 Figure 4 , the transverse palatal region extends to the lingual surface (front side) of the incisors. However, cutting or restricting the transverse palatal region may be particularly beneficial. In some examples, the coverage and / or thickness of the transverse palatal region of the distractor can be adjusted. By removing the front part of the transverse palatal region, the buccal thrust from the tongue can be further minimized.

[0063] For example, Figure 5 Figure 5 shows an example of a bilateral distractor that includes a transverse palatal region 505 that extends only forward to the premolars. For example, generally, the transverse palatal region can have a leading edge 519 that extends only forward to the premolar region 515 of approximately the tooth engagement regions 507, 509; for example, the transverse palatal region has a leading edge 519 behind the premolar region 515 of each tooth engagement region. In Figure 5 Figure 5 , the shown distractor 500 (maxillary device) also includes a molar region 513 and a canine region 517 where the subject's molars and canines can be located, respectively. The distractor also includes a pair of attachments 511, 511' to which an elastic band (not shown) can be attached. These attachments can be formed as hooks and / or buttons. In some examples, the distractor can also include a coupling region 512 that can be coupled to an attachment on the tooth to help secure the distractor in place. Any of the distractor devices described herein can also be configured to apply translational forces to the teeth in addition to distractive forces and / or palatal expansion forces to move the teeth.

[0064] Generally, a distractor having a transverse palatal region can be manufactured in any suitable manner, such as by thermoforming or 3D printing. For example, the methods described herein can include generating a digital plan for the distractor that can be used to manufacture the distractor. The distractor can be configured as part of a treatment plan that includes moving teeth (orthodontic treatment) and / or expanding the palate. As described above, any of the distractors described herein can include a transverse palatal region capable of treating both palatal expansion and distraction simultaneously.

[0065] As Figure 5 Figure 5 shows, the transverse palatal region 505 does not need to cover the entire palatal surface. The device 500 can include a trim line of a longer aligner on the lingual side, which can provide additional force to generate facial or palatal forces.

[0066] Figures 6 - 9 Figures 6 - 9 shows an example of a distractor device that includes a transverse palatal region located behind the front side region of the first tooth engagement region and / or the second tooth engagement region. Figure 6Shows an example of a distractor 600 including a transverse palatal region 605 having a leading edge 619 after the premolar region 615 of the first tooth engagement region 607 and the second tooth engagement region 609. Figure 6 The distractor shown is configured as a bilateral distractor and includes attachment sites for elastic bands on both sides (the first tooth engagement region 607 and the second tooth engagement region 609). In Figure 6 the example shown, each side includes a pair of attachment sites, one on the canine regions 611, 611" and one on the premolar regions 611', 611'"; such a configuration can allow the subject to select where to apply the elastic member or apply multiple elastic members.

[0067] Figure 7 Shows an example of a distractor 700 which also includes a transverse palatal region 705 having a leading edge 719 which is after the front ends of the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region, similar to Figure 6 the device shown. However, Figure 7 the distractor shown is configured as a unilateral distractor and includes attachment sites 711, 711' (one or more) only on the first tooth engagement region.

[0068] Figure 8 And Figure 9 also shows bilateral and unilateral distractors respectively. Figure 8 And Figure 9 the distractors shown include transverse palatal arch structures 805, 905 and do not cover or contact the incisors. In Figure 8 the bilateral distractor includes a premolar region which can be configured such that a gap or space ("bubble out region") is included within the tooth engagement area. Generally, any of the distractors described herein can include such a bubble out region for the premolars and / or anterior molars to allow movement of these teeth when the distractor is worn.

[0069] In any of these distractors, as shown, the transverse palatal region can have a limited coverage and can be thicker than the tooth engagement region (all or some of the tooth engagement regions). In Figure 8 the bilateral distractor, both sides (two tooth engagement regions) include attachment sites 811, 811' for elastic bands.

[0070] Figure 9 the example shown includes a first tooth engagement region and a second tooth engagement region, but the second tooth engagement region 909 is configured to cover only the molars and not the premolars and canines, while the first tooth engagement region 907 is configured to engage the molars, premolars and canines on the opposite side of the maxilla.

[0071] Generally, these devices can be configured to provide a force system that applies a significant distal force to the appropriate teeth while preventing tooth tipping and / or rotation that would otherwise result in further malocclusion. For example, Figures 10A - 10F illustrates a force system similar to Figure 8 that of the bilateral distalizer shown, showing the forces applied in each of the x, y, and z directions, as well as the moments M x 、M y and M z . In this example, the forces and moments generated by each of these different elastic bands are shown. The solid line shows the force for the 4-ounce elastic band, the dashed line shows the force for the 6-ounce elastic band, and the dotted line shows the force for the 8-ounce elastic band. Figure 10A The force along the x direction (numbered conventionally) on each tooth is shown, Figure 10C the force along the y direction on each tooth is shown, Figure 10E and the force acting along the z direction on each tooth is shown. Figure 10B 、 Figure 10D and Figure 10F show the moments (M x 、M y and M z respectively) for each tooth in the upper jaw.

[0072] In any of these devices and methods described herein, the distalizer can include an (optional) front section connected to a rear section (e.g., a tooth engagement area) such that the connection can decouple the forces between the front section and the rear section. For example, any of these devices can include a front section that houses one or more incisors and is movably connected to a first tooth engagement area and a second tooth engagement area. Figure 11A An example of a device including a front section 1123 is shown, which is slidably coupled 1125 to a rear section 1109 (e.g., a tooth engagement area). The device also includes an attachment site coupled to an elastic band that is also coupled to or worn on the lower jaw by a second device (e.g., a shell). Figure 11B A separate view of the front section including a connector 1126 is shown, which engages a slider channel 1127, as Figure 11C shown. Other connectors can be used, including filament or wire connectors, hinge connectors, etc. Figure 11A The device shown includes a sliding restraint such that moments and distal forces are not applied to the front section, but extrusion / intrusion forces can still be applied. Compared to an integral design, this example can be used for rotation, de-crowding, and relative leveling.

[0073] Any one of the devices described herein may alternatively or additionally include one or more anti - occlusors configured to prevent or reduce cusp - to - cusp occlusion between the maxilla and mandible of an object. For example, the distalizer may include anti - occlusors such as one or more anterior occlusal ramps, canine occlusal ramps, and posterior occlusal blocks. The mandibular component of the distalizer device may also or alternatively include an anti - occlusor. In any of these examples, the anti - occlusor can help avoid cusp - to - cusp occlusion because cusp - to - cusp occlusion can slow distal movement. The anti - occlusor feature may be included as part of the distalizer appliance, or attached or integrally formed. When the anti - occlusor is an occlusal ramp, the occlusal ramp may also provide additional benefits such as restricting extrusion movement of the teeth, and / or may provide an anti - tipping moment.

[0074] Figure 12 An example of a pair of anti - occlusors that may be included in any of these devices is schematically shown. In Figure 12 , a first anti - occlusor 1231 is included on the maxilla and a second anti - occlusor 1233 is included on the mandible. The anti - occlusor may engage the teeth of the opposing jaw, an appliance worn on the teeth of the opposing jaw, or a second anti - occlusor on an appliance worn on the opposing jaw. In some examples, the anti - occlusor is located on the occlusal outer surface of the distalizer. Optionally, in some examples, the anti - occlusor is lingual or buccal. Figure 13 Examples of anti - occlusors 1335, 1335’, 1331, 1331’ located at different positions of a device (such as a distalizer) are schematically shown. The anti - occlusors shown may be ramps (e.g., occlusal ramps) and in addition to restricting or preventing cusp - to - cusp occlusion, may also help generate forces as described herein (e.g., preventing or restricting rotation and / or tipping).

[0075] Any one of the distalizer devices described herein may include one or more attachment sites (e.g., connectors, buttons, hooks, etc.) formed or coupled to the outer (buccal) side of an upper device (e.g., an anti - occlusor) and a lower device. In some examples, it may be beneficial to include attachment sites integrally formed with the remainder of the anti - occlusor (e.g., made of the same plastic or other polymeric material). For example, Figure 14 An example of an attachment 1463 is shown, which includes a hook portion 1461 extending from a base. As Figure 15 shown, the base of the attachment 1511 may be fixed to the outer (e.g., buccal) surface of the orthodontic appliance. In some examples, it may be beneficial for the attachment site to be closer to the center of gravity of the tooth on which the distalizer 1575 is worn. For example, in Figure 15 , the attachment is shown coupled to an extension region 1573 (or integrally formed with the extension region) that extends gingivally in the canine region. For example, Figure 14The attachment shown can be configured to reduce distal tipping; as Figure 15 shown, the attachment (e.g., a hook) can be fabricated on the buccal extension such that the distal movement force from the elastic member can be applied closer to the center of resistance. The extension can be formed by introducing an extension bar or a longer trim line. The geometry of the hook can be strengthened and optimized to avoid bending and breaking during daily use. In some examples, if fabricated by thermoforming, the hook can be made of TPU and integrated into the aligner by laser welding. If fabricated by 3D printing, the hook can be printed together with the aligner.

[0076] The positioning and orientation of the hook can be dynamically adjusted throughout the treatment based on the positioning of the lower molars (where the elastic member will be attached) and the treatment goals. For example, if greater vertical force is needed to level the arch, the button can be placed further distally to provide the required elongation force. The geometry of the attachment (e.g., a hook) can have other variations as long as it can hold one end of the elastic band. Other geometries that can function similarly include buttons, grooves, protrusions, etc.

[0077] Although many of the examples described herein do not include a front section or anterior region (e.g., engaging the incisors of the subject) or include a front section that can move independently, in some examples, these devices include a fixed front section on the distalizer that can be reinforced or configured to prevent or limit the friability and / or breakage of this region or the connection between the two sections.

[0078] For example, in Figure 16 , device 1600 is a distalizer device that has a first tooth engagement region 1607 and a second tooth engagement region 1609 that is rigidly connected to the anterior region 1682. Thus, in some examples, the distalizer can include incisal buccal and occlusal incisions as connectors. Such connectors may break during fabrication or even during daily use. Local thickening of the material when fabricated by 3D printing, or adding a lingual bar when fabricated by thermoforming, helps reduce the likelihood of material failure. Creating a flat geometry on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth will allow a strengthened lingual bar to be welded to the surface of the thermoformed aligner.

[0079] Figure 17 Another example of a distalizer 1700 is shown that includes a first (e.g., left) and a second (e.g., right) tooth engagement region, both of which are joined in the anterior section. The portions of the first tooth engagement region 1707 and the second tooth engagement region 1709 adjacent to the anterior region 1782 (e.g., in the premolar region (which may bulge)) can be thickened 1788 or otherwise strengthened. Figure 17The device shown also includes an attachment site 1711 on the outer buccal surface in the canine region. In some cases, to improve the distal movement force on the teeth, the device can be strengthened with a lingual bar or by thickening the material between the canine and molar, as Figure 17 shown, which can help redistribute the force. Method of fabricating a distalizer

[0080] Also described herein are methods of fabricating (e.g., designing, manufacturing, etc.) and methods of using any of these distalizers. For example, Figure 18 A method 1800 of fabricating a distalizer is shown. In this example, it can include a computer-executable portion (and thus can be embodied as software, such as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions capable of executing the method) and can begin by optionally receiving, in a processor, a digital model of an object's dentition, the object's dentition including the object's maxilla and mandible and palatal region 1801. The digital model can be obtained by a scanner (e.g., an intraoral scanner) or can be generated as a digital model.

[0081] The method can then include forming an orthodontic distalizer for the object by generating a digital model of a distalizer device 1803 that includes a first tooth engagement region, a second tooth engagement region, a transverse palatal region, etc., based on the digital model of the object's dentition. The first tooth engagement region can be configured to receive a first set of the object's maxillary teeth including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second tooth engagement region is configured to receive a second set of the object's maxillary teeth including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transverse palatal region can be configured to extend between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region, adjacent to the object's palate. Generating the digital model of the distalizer device can include: determining the locations of elastomeric band attachment sites on the distalizer device to apply a distal movement force 1805 to the object's molars and / or premolars or canines when the elastomeric band is attached. The distal movement force can be estimated or calculated based on the location of the attachment, the feature(s) of the elastomeric band, etc. The distal movement force can be set as a target distal movement force based on user input (e.g., a dentist, an orthodontist, a technician, etc.), the user input including a target tooth alignment and / or treatment plan. The user can pre-determine and / or modify the distal movement force.

[0082] The steps of generating a digital model of the distractor may further include determining and / or adjusting one or more dimensions 1807 of the transverse palatal region such that when the distractor device is worn, the transverse palatal region generates a reaction force to prevent or limit the crown inclination and rotation of the molars and canines. This step may include estimating or calculating the reaction force based on the current and / or target tooth positions, the morphology of the maxilla and / or mandible of the subject, and the (one or more) proposed positions of the attachment sites and the (one or more) features of the distractor. The steps of generating a digital model of the distractor device may include generating a digital model of one or both of the upper arch device ("distractor device") and / or the lower arch device. The steps of generating the distractor device may be performed iteratively. Finally, once the digital model of the distractor is generated, it may optionally be modified and / or transmitted for further processing (not shown). The method may include creating documentation before 1809. For example, transmitting the digital model of the orthodontic distractor for manufacturing, such as by 3D printing, etc.) 1809.

[0083] It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts discussed in more detail below (assuming these concepts are not mutually contradictory) are considered to be part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein and can be used to achieve the benefits described herein.

[0084] The process parameters and the order of steps described and / or illustrated herein are given only as examples and may be varied as needed. For example, although the steps shown and / or described herein may be shown or discussed in a particular order, these steps do not necessarily need to be performed in the order shown or discussed. The various example methods described and / or illustrated herein may also omit one or more steps described or illustrated herein, or include additional steps in addition to those disclosed.

[0085] Any method described herein (including user interfaces) may be implemented as software, hardware, or firmware and may be described as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions executable by a processor (e.g., a computer, a tablet, a smart phone, etc.), which when executed by the processor causes the processor to control the execution of any steps including but not limited to: display, communicate with the user, analyze, modify parameters (including timing, frequency, intensity, etc.), determine, alert, etc. For example, any method described herein may be at least partially executed by a device including one or more processors having a memory storing a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions for the process of the method.

[0086] Although various embodiments have been described and / or illustrated herein in the context of a full-featured computing system, one or more of these example embodiments may be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, regardless of the specific type of computer-readable medium used to actually effect the distribution. The embodiments disclosed herein may also be implemented using software modules that perform certain tasks. These software modules may include scripts, batch, or other executable files that may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium or within a computing system. In some embodiments, these software modules may configure a computing system to perform one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein.

[0087] As described herein, the computing devices and systems described and / or illustrated herein broadly represent any type or form of computing device or system capable of executing computer-readable instructions, such as those included within the modules described herein. In their most basic configuration, each of these (one or more) computing devices may include at least one memory device and at least one physical processor.

[0088] As used herein, the term "memory" or "memory device" generally refers to any type or form of volatile or non-volatile storage device or medium capable of storing data and / or computer-readable instructions. In one example, the memory device may store, load, and / or maintain one or more of the modules described herein. Examples of memory devices include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), solid state drive (SSD), optical disk drive, cache, variations or combinations of one or more of these, or any other suitable storage memory.

[0089] Additionally, as used herein, the term "processor" or "physical processor" generally refers to any type or form of hardware-implemented processing unit capable of interpreting and / or executing computer-readable instructions. In one example, the physical processor may access and / or modify one or more of the modules stored in the memory devices described above. Examples of physical processors include, but are not limited to, microprocessors, microcontrollers, central processing unit (CPU), field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementing a softcore processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), portions of one or more of these, variations or combinations of one or more of these, or any other suitable physical processor.

[0090] Although shown as separate elements, the method steps described and / or illustrated herein may represent portions of a single application. Additionally, in some embodiments, one or more of these steps may represent or correspond to one or more software applications or programs that, when executed by a computing device, may cause the computing device to perform one or more tasks, such as the method steps.

[0091] Additionally, one or more of the devices described herein may transform data, physical devices, and / or representations of physical devices from one form to another. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the modules described herein may transform a processor, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or any other part of a physical computing device from one form of computing device to another by executing on a computing device, storing data on a computing device, and / or otherwise interacting with a computing device.

[0092] As used herein, the term "computer-readable medium" generally refers to any form of device, carrier, or medium capable of storing or carrying computer-readable instructions. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, transmission-type media (such as carrier waves) and non-transitory media such as magnetic storage media (e.g., hard disk drives, tape drives, and floppy disks), optical storage media (e.g., compact discs (CDs), digital video discs (DVDs), and Blu-ray discs), electronic storage media (e.g., solid-state drives and flash media), and other distribution systems.

[0093] One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that any process or method disclosed herein can be modified in many ways. The process parameters and the order of steps described and / or illustrated herein are given only as examples and can be varied as desired. For example, although the steps shown and / or discussed herein may be shown or discussed in a particular order, these steps do not necessarily need to be performed in the order shown or discussed.

[0094] The various exemplary methods described and / or illustrated herein may also omit one or more of the steps described or illustrated herein, or may include additional steps in addition to those disclosed. Further, the steps of any method disclosed herein may be combined with any one or more of the steps of any other method disclosed herein.

[0095] A processor as described herein may be configured to execute one or more of the steps of any method disclosed herein. Alternatively or in combination, a processor may be configured to combine one or more of the steps of one or more of the methods disclosed herein.

[0096] When a feature or element is referred to herein as being "on" another feature or element, it can be directly on the other feature or element and / or there may also be intervening features and / or elements. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being "directly on" another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements. It should also be understood that when a feature or element is referred to as being "connected", "attached" or "coupled" to another feature or element, it can be directly connected, attached or coupled to the other feature or element, or there may be intervening features or elements. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being "directly connected", "directly attached" or "directly coupled" to another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements. Although described or shown relative to one embodiment, the features and elements so described or shown can be applied to other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that references to a structure or feature being "adjacent" another feature can have portions that overlap or are located beneath the adjacent feature.

[0097] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. For example, as used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising", when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and may be abbreviated to " / ".

[0098] Spatial relative terms, such as "under", "below", "lower", "over" and "upper", may be used herein for ease of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another (or multiple) element or feature as shown in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, an element described as "under" or "beneath" another element or feature will then be oriented "over" the other element or feature. Thus, the exemplary term "under" can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein are to be interpreted accordingly. Similarly, unless specifically stated otherwise, terms such as "upwardly", "downwardly", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. are used herein for illustrative purposes only.

[0099] Although the terms "first" and "second" may be used herein to describe various features / elements (including steps), these features / elements should not be limited by these terms unless the context otherwise indicates. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature / element from another. Thus, without departing from the teachings of the present invention, the first feature / element discussed below may be referred to as the second feature / element, and similarly, the second feature / element discussed below may be referred to as the first feature / element.

[0100] Generally, any devices and methods described herein should be understood to be inclusive, but all or subsets of components and / or steps may optionally be exclusive and may be expressed as "consisting of" or alternatively "consisting essentially of" the respective components, steps, sub-components or sub-steps.

[0101] As used herein in the specification and claims, including in the examples, unless otherwise expressly specified, all numbers may be understood as if prefaced by the word "about" or "approximately", even if the term does not expressly appear. When describing magnitudes and / or positions, the phrase "about" or "approximately" may be used to indicate that the value and / or position described is within a reasonable expectation range of the value and / or position. For example, a numerical value may have a value of + / - 0.1% of the stated value (or range of values), + / - 1% of the stated value (or range of values), + / - 2% of the stated value (or range of values), + / - 5% of the stated value (or range of values), + / - 10% of the stated value (or range of values), etc. Any numerical value given herein should also be understood to include about or approximately that value, unless the context otherwise indicates. For example, if the value "10" is disclosed, then "about 10" is also disclosed. Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. It should also be understood that, as would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, when a value is disclosed, "less than or equal to" that value, "greater than or equal to" that value, and the possible ranges between the values are also disclosed. For example, if the value "X" is disclosed, then "less than or equal to X" and "greater than or equal to X" (e.g., where X is a numerical value) are also disclosed. It should also be understood that in this application, the data is presented in a variety of formats, and these data represent ranges of any combination of starting points, end points, and data points. For example, if a particular data point "10" and a particular data point "15" are disclosed, then it should be understood that greater than, greater than or equal to, less than, less than or equal to, and equal to 10 and 15, and between 10 and 15 are considered disclosed. It should also be understood that every value unit between two particular value units is also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.

[0102] Although various illustrative embodiments have been described above, any of several changes may be made to the various embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as described in the claims. For example, in alternative embodiments, the order in which the various described method steps are performed may generally be changed, and in other alternative embodiments, one or more method steps may be skipped altogether. Optional features of the various apparatus and system embodiments may be included in some embodiments and not in others. Accordingly, the foregoing description is provided primarily for exemplary purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.

[0103] The examples and illustrations included in this document show, by way of illustration and not limitation, specific embodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. As mentioned, other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For convenience only, the term "invention" may be used herein, either singly or in combination, to refer to these embodiments of the inventive subject matter, and is not intended to actively limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept, if more than one invention or inventive concept is actually disclosed. Thus, while specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it is contemplated that any arrangement for accomplishing the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. The present disclosure is intended to cover any and all modifications or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, as well as other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description.

Claims

1. An orthodontic distalizer device, comprising: A first tooth engagement region having one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more molars and one or more canines and / or premolars, the first tooth engagement region including a buccal outer surface, a lingual outer surface, and an occlusal outer surface; A second tooth engagement region having one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more teeth; A transverse palatal region extending between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region, the transverse palatal region having a leading edge posterior to the premolar region of the first tooth engagement region; And An attachment site for an elastic band on the buccal outer surface.

2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising an anti-bite guard on the occlusal outer surface, the anti-bite guard configured to prevent or reduce cusp engagement when the device is worn.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein The anti-bite guard includes an occlusal bevel or an occlusal block.

4. The device according to claim 2, wherein, The anti-bite guard includes one or more of the following: a front occlusal bevel, a canine occlusal bevel, and a posterior occlusal block.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein The attachment site is configured to be positioned adjacent to the canine when the device is worn.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The attachment site includes a button or a hook.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein The attachment site is configured to be positioned above the gingival region when the device is worn.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein The attachment site is positioned within 5 mm of the finishing line of the first tooth engagement region.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein The one or more cavities of the second tooth engagement region are shaped to receive one or more molars, premolars, and canines.

10. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The device is configured as a unilateral distalizer having only one attachment site for the elastic band.

11. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a mandibular corrector device configured to fit over the mandibular teeth of an object and including complementary elastic band attachment sites.

12. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a front section region configured to be coupled between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region and to engage the lingual surface of one or more incisors.

13. The device according to claim 12, wherein, The front section region is slidably coupled to the first tooth engagement region and / or the second tooth engagement region.

14. The device according to claim 1, wherein The anterior regions of the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region have a greater wall thickness than the posterior regions of the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region.

15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The transverse palatal region does not extend beyond the anterior premolar region of the anterior sides of the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region.

16. An orthodontic distalizer device, comprising: A first tooth engagement region having one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more molars and one or more canines and / or premolars, the first tooth engagement region including a buccal outer surface, a lingual outer surface, and an occlusal outer surface extending between the buccal outer surface and the lingual outer surface; A second tooth engagement region having one or more cavities shaped to receive one or more molars; The transverse palatal region, which extends between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region, has a leading edge posterior to the canine region and / or the premolar region of the first tooth engagement region, wherein the first tooth engagement region, the second tooth engagement region, and the transverse palatal region are formed of a continuous polymeric material; Attachment sites for elastics on the outer buccal surface, the attachment sites configured to be positioned adjacent to the canines or premolars when the device is worn; And An occlusal guard on the first tooth engagement region, the occlusal guard configured to prevent or reduce cusp interdigitation when the device is worn.

17. A method for distalizing an object's teeth, the method comprising: Applying a distalizer device to the maxillary teeth of an object such that the object's teeth engage a first tooth engagement region that houses one or more molars and one or more canines and / or premolars, a second tooth engagement region that houses one or more teeth, and a transverse palatal region that extends between the molar region of the first tooth engagement region and the molar region of the second tooth engagement region; Applying a mandibular device to the mandible of the object; Coupling an elastic band to an attachment site on the distalizer device and an attachment site on the mandibular device to apply a distalizing force to the object's molars, wherein the transverse palatal arch region applies a counter-moment to the teeth to prevent or reduce lingual tipping of the object's molars and / or canines.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising using one or more occlusal guards of the distalizer device and / or the mandibular device to prevent or reduce cusp interdigitation.

19. A method for forming an orthodontic distalizer for an object, the method comprising: Generating a digital model of a distalizer device based on a digital model of the object's dentition, the distalizer device including a first tooth engagement region, a second tooth engagement region, and a transverse palatal region, wherein the first tooth engagement region is configured to house a first set of maxillary teeth of the object, the first set of maxillary teeth including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second tooth engagement region is configured to house a second set of maxillary teeth of the object, the second set of maxillary teeth including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transverse palatal region is configured to extend between the first tooth engagement region and the second tooth engagement region adjacent to the object's palate, and wherein generating the digital model of the distalizer device further comprises: Determining the location of elastic band attachment sites on the distalizer device to apply a distalizing force to the object's molars and / or premolars or canines when the elastic band is attached; and Adjusting one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region such that when the distalizer device is worn, the transverse palatal region generates a counter-force to prevent or limit crown tipping and rotation of the molars and canines; and Transmitting the digital model of the orthodontic distalizer for manufacturing.

20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising: Receiving a digital model of the object's current dentition including the palatal region of the object's dentition.

21. The method according to claim 19, wherein, Generating a digital model of the distalizer device further includes: determining the position of an anti-bite device on the distalizer device to prevent or reduce cusp-to-cusp contact between the maxilla and mandible of the subject when the distalizer device is worn.

22. The method according to claim 19, wherein, The transverse palatal region is configured to have a leading edge after the canine region and / or premolar region of the first tooth engagement region.

23. The method according to claim 19, wherein, Determining the position of the elastomeric band attachment site includes: calculating the distalizing force based on one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, Determining the position of the elastomeric band attachment site includes: calculating the distalizing force based on the thickness and / or orientation of the transverse palatal region.

25. The method according to claim 19, wherein The distalizing force is determined based on a target tooth position.

26. The method according to claim 19, wherein Determining the position of the elastomeric band attachment site includes: positioning the elastomeric band attachment site on a buccal extension of the first tooth engagement region, the buccal extension being configured to be above the gingival region.

27. The method according to claim 19, further comprising manufacturing the orthodontic distalizer.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein, Manufacturing the orthodontic distalizer includes: 3D printing the orthodontic distalizer.

29. A method of forming an orthodontic distalizer for a subject, the method comprising: Generating a digital model of a distalizer device based on a digital model of the dentition of the subject, the distalizer device including a first engagement region, a second engagement region, and a transverse palatal region, wherein the first engagement region is configured to receive a first set of maxillary teeth of the subject, the first set of maxillary teeth including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second engagement region is configured to receive a second set of maxillary teeth of the subject, the second set of maxillary teeth including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transverse palatal region is configured to extend between the first engagement region and the second engagement region adjacent to the palate of the subject; wherein generating the digital model of the distalizer device further includes: Determining the position of an elastomeric band attachment site on the distalizer device at least in part based on one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region to apply a distalizing force to the molars and / or premolars or canines of the subject when the elastomeric band is attached; Adjusting one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region such that when the distalizer device is worn, the transverse palatal region generates a reaction force to prevent or limit crown tipping and rotation of the molars and canines; and Determining the position of an anti-bite device on the distalizer device to prevent or reduce cusp-to-cusp contact between the maxilla and mandible of the subject when the distalizer device is worn; and Transmitting the digital model of the orthodontic distalizer for manufacturing.

30. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions executable by a processor, which when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform the following method: Generate a digital model of a distalizer device based on a digital model of a dentition of an object, the distalizer device including a first engagement area, a second engagement area, and a transpalatal area, wherein, The first engagement region is configured to receive a first set of maxillary teeth of the subject, the first set of maxillary teeth including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second engagement region is configured to receive a second set of maxillary teeth of the subject, the second set of maxillary teeth including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transverse palatal region is configured to extend between the first engagement region and the second engagement region adjacent to the palate of the subject, and wherein generating the digital model of the distalizer device further comprises: Determining a location of an elastomeric band attachment site on the distalizer device to apply a distalizing force to the molars and / or premolars or canines of the subject when the elastomeric band is attached; and Adjusting one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region such that when the distalizer is worn, the transverse palatal region generates a reaction force to prevent or limit crown tipping and rotation of the molars and canines; and Transmitting the digital model of the distalizer device for manufacturing.

31. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 30, wherein, The instruction set is further configured to cause the processor to receive a digital model of the current dentition of the subject including a palatal region of the dentition of the subject.

32. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 30, wherein, Generating the digital model of the distalizer device further comprises: determining a location of an occlusal guard on the distalizer device to prevent or reduce cusp-to-cusp engagement of the maxilla and mandible of the subject when the distalizer device is worn.

33. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 30, wherein, The transverse palatal region is configured to have a leading edge after the canine region and / or premolar region of the first engagement region.

34. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 30, wherein, Determining the location of the elastomeric band attachment site includes: calculating the distalizing force based on one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region.

35. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 34, wherein, The location of the elastomeric band attachment site includes: calculating the distalizing force based on the thickness and / or positioning of the transverse palatal region.

36. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 30, wherein, The distalizing force is determined based on a target tooth position.

37. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 30, wherein, Determining the location of the elastomeric band attachment site includes: positioning the elastomeric band attachment site on a buccal extension of the first engagement region, the buccal extension being configured to be above the gingival region.

38. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 30, wherein, The instruction set is further configured to cause the processor to fabricate the distalizer device.

39. The non-transitory storage medium according to claim 38, wherein, Fabricating the distalizer device includes 3D printing the distalizer device.

40. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing an instruction set executable by a processor, which when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the following method: Generate a digital model of a distalizer device based on a digital model of a dental arch of an object, the distalizer device including a first engagement region, a second engagement region, and a transpalatal region, wherein, The first engagement region is configured to receive a first set of maxillary teeth of the subject, the first set of maxillary teeth including one or more molars, canines, and / or one or more premolars, wherein the second engagement region is configured to receive a second set of maxillary teeth of the subject, the second set of maxillary teeth including one or more second molars, and further wherein the transverse palatal region is configured to extend between the first engagement region and the second engagement region adjacent to the palate of the subject; wherein generating the digital model of the distalizer device further comprises: Determine the position of the elastomeric band attachment sites on the distalizer device, at least in part based on one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region, to apply a distalizing force to the molars and / or premolars or canines of the subject when the elastomeric band is attached; Adjust one or more dimensions of the transverse palatal region such that when the distalizer is worn, the transverse palatal region generates a reaction force to prevent or limit the crown tipping and rotation of the molars and canines; and Determine the position of the bite guard on the distalizer device to prevent or reduce the cusp-to-cusp occlusion of the maxilla and mandible of the subject when the distalizer device is worn; and Transmit a digital model of the distalizer device for manufacturing.

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