Idesia polycarpa layering seedling method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of idesia polycarpa planting, and particularly relates to a layering seedling forming method for idesia polycarpa. The moss is treated by using the aqueous solution of naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid to form a rooting medium for layering treatment of branches, so that the rooting rate of current-year branches is 100%, the number of adventitious roots of grown seedlings is large (more than 5), the quality is good (white and 1-2mm), and the transplanting survival rate is more than 90%. And the prepared seedlings grow fast, bear fruits early and have stable hereditary characters. Besides, the method does not need to spend a large amount of time for training professional technicians, common labor service temporary teaching can be completed, labor cost is reduced, the used layering substrate is available, purchasing, allocation and transportation troubles are avoided, layering boxes and coiled aluminum wires are easy to purchase and easy to obtain, cost is low, and seedling raising economic cost is integrally reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of Idesia polycarpa cultivation, and particularly relates to a layering method for Idesia polycarpa to form seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Idesia polycarpa is a deciduous tree belonging to the genus Idesia in the family Flacourtiaceae, also known as water wax gourd. It is dioecious, with a flowering period from May to June and a fruit ripening period from September to November. The berries are spherical, about 9 mm in diameter, red with short stalks, and the seeds are small and black, with a thousand-seed weight of 2.0 - 2.5 g. It is a fast-growing tree species, mainly distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Guangdong and other places in China. Idesia polycarpa is not only a native tree species in China, but also a high-quality timber tree species, and is currently the discovered high-yield and high-quality woody oil tree species.

[0003] At present, the cultivation of Idesia polycarpa seedlings in our province mainly uses seedling raising. According to the statistics of the survival rate of Idesia polycarpa seedling raising in the whole province by the Guizhou Forestry Seedling Station in 2023, there are only 20,000 - 30,000 plants / kg, and the survival rate of seedlings is less than 5%. Data shows that 50% of the seedlings raised from seeds are male plants, and it is impossible to distinguish the sexes morphologically during the seedling stage, resulting in a huge amount of ineffective production. The reproductive age of Idesia polycarpa is 4 - 5 years, and it takes 3 - 5 years for the cultivated Idesia polycarpa seedlings to flower and bear fruit after being planted in the field, which also greatly affects the development of the Idesia polycarpa industry. Asexually propagated Idesia polycarpa seedlings have the natural advantages of gender determination, stable inheritance of excellent traits, early fruiting, and short seedling raising cycle.

[0004] The research on the asexual propagation technology of Idesia polycarpa is currently reflected in grafting, cutting, layering, and tissue culture. The research on the grafting technology of Idesia polycarpa is currently mainly reflected in the grafting method, the sources of rootstock and scion, and the time of scion collection and grafting. The experimental results of grafting wild Idesia polycarpa in Liupanshui show that the time for branch grafting is selected in early spring or autumn, the scion must carry a terminal bud, and there is a serious phenomenon of uneven crown in the grafted seedlings; the survival rate of inlay budding is higher than 90% during budding, but there are strict requirements for the interface. Lu Xiang et al. found that under conventional conditions, it is very difficult for hardwood cuttings and softwood cuttings of Idesia polycarpa to root, and it is less popular in production applications, but the rooting rate can be significantly improved through hormone treatment; our research also shows that appropriate hormone ratios can promote the germination and rooting of cuttings, but it is difficult to form seedlings. Technical breakthroughs have been made in the tissue culture seedling raising of Idesia polycarpa in terms of explant selection and disinfection, callus induction, adventitious bud induction, adventitious bud proliferation, adventitious bud rooting, and acclimatization, but there is still a long way to go in establishing a practical technical system and reducing the seedling raising cost. Therefore, a low-cost Idesia polycarpa cultivation technology is needed in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above problems, the present application discloses a method for forming seedlings by layering of Idesia polycarpa. Compared with existing technologies such as tissue culture for seedling raising, this method has the advantages of easy technical operation, low seedling raising cost, rapid growth, and high seedling formation rate. Specifically, the technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0006] A method for forming seedlings by layering of Idesia polycarpa, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Pruning of mother tree and determination of layering time: After harvesting the fruits, cut off the central main branch of the trunk of the Idesia polycarpa mother tree and all the apical buds of the lateral branches, and wait for the new shoots to grow to 15 - 20 cm for layering;

[0008] (2) Layering treatment: Tie the base of the new shoot used for layering tightly;

[0009] (3) Air layering box: Press the high-pressure propagation box above the binding position at the base of the new shoot and fix it naturally;

[0010] (4) Management after layering: After pressing the box, conduct nutrient and pest management on the Idesia polycarpa mother tree, and conduct water management in the high-pressure propagation box;

[0011] (5) Transplanting: Wait until a large number of roots grow above the binding position of the layering, cut off the high-pressure propagation branches from the tree body, and conduct transplanting and management.

[0012] Further, the preparation method of the high-pressure propagation box is as follows: Immerse the naturally collected moss in an aqueous solution of naphthalene acetic acid and indole butyric acid, drain the excess solution, and then fill the air layering box.

[0013] Further, the moss is one or more of Sphagnum palustre, Hypnum plumaeforme, Weissia controversa, and Mnium cuspidatum.

[0014] Preferably, the moss is Sphagnum palustre.

[0015] Further, the aqueous solution of naphthalene acetic acid and indole butyric acid is prepared by mixing a 150 mg / L naphthalene acetic acid solution and a 50 mg / L indole butyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1, and then adjusting the pH to 5.8 - 7.0.

[0016] Further, the size of the base of the new shoot used for layering is 0.6 - 1.0 cm.

[0017] Further, the nutrient and pest management of the Idesia polycarpa mother tree is to spray water for moisture retention at least once a week to ensure that the crown is fully wet, conduct disease prevention once every half month, and conduct pest control once a month; the water management in the high-pressure propagation box is to keep the water content in the high-pressure propagation box not less than 4%, and supplement water when the moss leaves are not curled.

[0018] Further, after the branches are cut off from the tree body, they are quickly adhered with 5 g / L potassium permanganate, the layering box is opened, and they are transplanted into the seedling box together with the moss.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. By pruning the central main branch and the apical buds of all lateral branches of the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. mother tree, the present invention eliminates apical dominance, promotes the growth of lateral buds, dormant buds and adventitious buds, and greatly expands the number of current-year branches available for layering.

[0021] 2. The seedlings prepared by the present invention grow fast, bear fruit early, and have stable genetic traits.

[0022] 3. This method does not require a large amount of time to train professional technicians and can be completed by temporary teaching of ordinary labor, reducing the labor cost.

[0023] 4. The layering substrate used in this application is readily available, without the trouble of procurement, preparation and transportation. The layering box and the tying aluminum wire are easy to purchase and have low costs, which overall reduces the economic cost of seedling raising.

[0024] 5. The exogenous hormone formula (150mg / L NAA: 50mg / L IBA = 1:1) of this application can effectively stimulate the occurrence of callus and the generation of root primordia. The rooting rate of current-year branches is 100%, the number of adventitious roots of the formed seedlings is large (more than 5), the quality is good (white, 1-2mm), and the transplanting survival rate is more than 90%. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the occurrence of callus in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. layering;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a diagram of the growth of callus in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. layering;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a diagram of the occurrence of root primordia in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. layering;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a diagram of the growth of root primordia in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. layering;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a diagram of the growth form of roots in the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. layering box;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a diagram of the root growth of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. layering;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a diagram of the root growth of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. layering seedlings one month after transplanting. Detailed Embodiments

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below to facilitate those skilled in the art of this technology to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

[0033] Example 1 A method for forming seedlings by layering of Idesia polycarpa Maxim.

[0034] (1) Pruning of mother tree and determination of layering time: After harvesting the fruits of the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. mother tree, cut off the central main branch of the tree trunk and all the apical buds of the lateral branches, and wait for the new shoots to grow to 15 - 20 cm for layering.

[0035] In this step, the mother tree is an Idesia polycarpa Maxim. tree that is selected after the annual defoliation and fruit harvesting of Idesia polycarpa Maxim., with strong growth, excellent fruit setting, and no pests and diseases; the purpose of cutting off the central main branch of the tree trunk and all the apical buds of the lateral branches is to eliminate apical dominance and promote the growth of lateral buds, dormant buds, and adventitious buds. The new shoots grown from them can all be used for layering, greatly expanding the number of current-year branches available for layering.

[0036] Preferably, when the new shoots grow to 15 - 20 cm and the base size is 0.6 - 1.0 cm at this time, they can be used as layering branches.

[0037] (2) Layering treatment: Tie the base of the new shoots used for layering tightly.

[0038] In this step, Φ2.0 binding aluminum wire is used to wrap around the base of the new shoots for layering 2 - 4 times and then gently tightened. At the same time, the binding aluminum wire should not be embedded in the branch epidermis during wrapping and tightening. In this way, it can not only ensure the supply of water and inorganic salts from the mother body, but also, when the high-pressure branches grow thicker, the constriction at the binding site can intercept the products of its own photosynthesis to supply the formation and growth of the roots of the layering branches.

[0039] (3) Air layering box: Press the high-pressure propagation box above the binding site at the base of the new shoots and fix it naturally;

[0040] In this step, the preparation method of the high-pressure propagation box is as follows: Immerse the naturally collected moss in an aqueous solution of naphthaleneacetic acid and indolebutyric acid, drain the excess solution, and then fill the high-altitude layering box; the moss is one or more of Sphagnum palustre, Hypnum plumaeforme, Weissia controversa, and Mnium cuspidatum; the moss is Sphagnum palustre; the aqueous solution of naphthaleneacetic acid and indolebutyric acid is prepared by mixing a 150 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid solution and a 50 mg / L indolebutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1 and then adjusting the pH to 5.8 - 7.0.

[0041] In this step, the natural collection of moss is specifically carried out on sunny days. The collected moss should have no water extruded by squeezing hard in the palm and no sediment and insect eggs. When the moss is immersed in the aqueous solution of naphthaleneacetic acid and indolebutyric acid, it needs to be soaked thoroughly, and then the excess solution is drained to be used as the layering substrate.

[0042] In this embodiment, the aqueous solutions of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) are exogenous hormones, which can effectively stimulate the occurrence of callus and the generation of root primordia. When used in combination with moss, the rooting rate of current-year branches can reach 100%, the seedling formation rate has a large number of adventitious roots (all more than 5, as shown in Table 3), the quality is good (white, 1-2 mm, such as Figure 6 ), and the transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%.

[0043] Tables 1-3 are the experimental results of treating callus with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) alone (Tables 1 and 2) and jointly (Table 3), respectively. The results show that exogenous hormones can induce callus, and the induction of root primordia of layered Idesia polycarpa branches is determined by IBA (Tables 1 and 2). The survival rate of Sphagnum moss as a substrate is better than that of soil. The optimal ratio of NAA to IBA is 150 ml:50 ml, and the absence of exogenous hormones cannot induce the occurrence of root primordia and rooting (Table 3).

[0044] Table 1 Experimental results of treating callus with NAA alone

[0045]

[0046] Table 2 Experimental results of treating callus with IBA alone

[0047]

[0048] Table 3 Experimental results of treating callus with NAA and IBA jointly

[0049]

[0050] In this step, when pressing the box, press the high-pressure propagation box above the binding position at the base of the new shoot, as Figure 1 shown: Keep the binding position at the lower center of the high-pressure propagation box, and then fix it naturally.

[0051] (4) Management after layering: After pressing the box, conduct nutrient and pest management on the mother Idesia polycarpa tree and water management in the high-pressure propagation box;

[0052] In this step, the nutrient and pest management of the mother Idesia polycarpa tree is to spray water for moisturizing at least once a week to ensure that the crown is fully moist, conduct disease control once every half month, and conduct pest control once a month; the water management in the high-pressure propagation box is to keep the inside of the high-pressure propagation box not severely drought.

[0053] The growth conditions of the branches after layering will be described below, as Figures 1-7 shown in the following figures. Figure 1 Figure Figure 1 is a diagram of the callus formation of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. after layering, taken 5 days after layering. It can be seen that the epidermis of the treated branch has slightly cracked, and callus begins to form at the crack; Figure 2 Figure Figure 2 is a diagram of the growth of the callus of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. after layering, taken 14 days after layering. It can be seen that: the epidermis of the treated branch has more severe cracking and obvious callus is produced. This is because the branches are tied with wire for wiring, which blocks and intercepts the transport of photosynthesis products to the main branch to a certain extent. Under the action of exogenous hormones, the callus grows, resulting in swelling and cracking; Figure 3 Figure Figure 3 is a diagram of the occurrence of root primordia of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. after layering, taken 21 days after layering. It can be seen that: the epidermis of the treated branch further cracks, and a large number of white dot-like root primordia are produced, with good growth conditions and a large number; Figure 4 Figure Figure 4 is a diagram of the growth of root primordia of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. after layering, taken 30 days after layering. It can be seen that: the root primordia produced by the treated branch further grow and develop, showing good growth conditions, formed on both sides of the wiring wire, and a very large number, and the morphology of roots has been initially formed. Figure 5 Figure Figure 5 is a diagram of the growth morphology of roots in the layering box of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. It can be seen that the treated branches grow well in the layering box, with white and tender color, and the number is more than 5. The water in the layering box is sufficient. Figure 6 Figure Figure 6 is a diagram of the root growth of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. after layering, which is Figure 5 the growth conditions of the roots after removing the substrate. It can be seen that a large number of white roots have grown from the layering of Idesia polycarpa Maxim., and the growth of the roots is good.

[0054] (5) Transplanting: Wait until a large number of roots grow above the binding part of the layering. Cut the high-pressure propagated branches from the tree body and carry out transplanting and management.

[0055] In this step, wait until a large number of roots grow above the binding part of the layering. As Figure 6 shown, the whole process takes about 90 days. Then, the high-pressure propagated branches can be cut from the tree body. After the branches are quickly dipped in 5 g / L potassium permanganate, open the layering box and transplant them into the seedling box together with the moss for transplanting. Figure 7 Figure Figure 7 is a diagram of the root growth of the transplanted Idesia polycarpa Maxim. seedlings one month after transplanting. It can be seen that the roots continue to grow, without black roots or dead roots, indicating that the transplanting is successful.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for layering tung oil tree seedlings, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Determine the time for pruning and layering mother trees: After harvesting, prune the main branches in the center of the trunk and all the lateral branches of the mother tree, and wait for the new shoots to grow to 15-20 cm for layering; (2) Layering treatment: tie the base of the new shoots used for layering tightly; (3) Pressing the box in the air: Press the high-pressure propagation box at the base of the new shoots and fix it naturally; (4) Management after layering: After layering, nutrition and pest management are carried out on the mother trees of Castanopsis sylvestris, and water management is carried out in the high-pressure propagation box; (5) Transplantation: When a large number of roots have grown above the layering binding area, cut the high-pressure propagation branches off the tree and transplant and manage them.

2. The layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the high-pressure propagation box is as follows: naturally collected mosses are immersed in an aqueous solution of naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid, and the excess solution is drained off and then filled into a high-altitude layering box to obtain the obtained product.

3. The layering method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The moss is one or more of peat moss, large gray moss, small stone moss, and lantern moss.

4. The layering method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aqueous solution of naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid is prepared by mixing 150 mg / L naphthylacetic acid solution and 50 mg / L indolebutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1, and adjusting the pH to 5.8-7.0 to obtain the aqueous solution.

5. The layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base size of the new shoot used for layering is 0.6-1.0 cm.

6. The layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrition and pest management of the Castanopsis chinensis mother trees is to spray water at least once a week to keep the tree crown fully moist, to prevent and control diseases once every half month, and to prevent and control pests once a month; the water management in the high-pressure breeding box is to keep the water content in the high-pressure breeding box not less than 4%, and to add water when the moss leaves are not curled.

7. The layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branches cut from the tree body are quickly glued with 5g / L potassium permanganate, and then the layering box is opened and the branches are moved into the seedling box together with the moss for transplanting.

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