Cultivation base material for tricholoma matsutake and preparation method of cultivation base material

Abstract

The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing corncobs, a carbon source, rice husks, a nitrogen source and a conditioner, and adjusting the initial moisture content of the mixture to 55-65% so that the C / N ratio reaches (25-30): 1 to obtain a pile body; covering the surface of the pile body with a nano microporous membrane, starting an aeration system in a high-temperature stage, adjusting the air pressure difference inside and outside the membrane to 50-100Pa in a cooling stage, and continuously fermenting; after 7-10 days of fermentation, when the pH value of the base material is stable and the total nutrient meets the requirement, the fermentation is completed, the base material is bagged and sterilized, and the tricholoma matsutake cultivation base material is obtained. According to the method, the fermentation period is shortened to 1 / 3-1 / 2 of that of a traditional method, and the production efficiency is improved. In addition, the infectious microbe contamination rate of the base material is reduced, the purity and quality of the base material are improved, and a healthier environment is provided for growth of tricholoma matsutake. And the yield of tricholoma matsutake is increased by 40%. Not only is the yield of tricholoma matsutake increased, but also the nutritional value of tricholoma matsutake is improved, and higher economic benefits are brought to farmers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biological substrates, and specifically discloses a cultivation substrate for Stropharia rugosoannulata and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional cultivation substrates for Stropharia rugosoannulata often directly use straw, wood chips, etc. for compost fermentation, and there are many drawbacks in this process. The fermentation cycle is long, usually taking 20 - 25 days, during which serious nutrient loss occurs. At the same time, the probability of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria is relatively high, and harmful gases such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are easily generated, which not only pollute the environment but also affect the growth environment of Stropharia rugosoannulata. The conventional fermentation process has poor accuracy in temperature and humidity control, resulting in unstable carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the substrate. The instability of the carbon-nitrogen ratio will directly affect the colonization efficiency of Stropharia rugosoannulata mycelium, thereby reducing the yield and unable to meet the requirements of modern and large-scale cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata.

[0003] The existing relevant standards such as: in DB3208 / T 141 - 2021, the pretreatment technology of cultivation raw materials is unfermented materials or short fermentation time, and the fruiting is later and the yield is lower compared with fermented materials; in the prior art one, at least 2 - 3 times of turning piles are required during fermentation, and the labor or mechanical cost is high. A method for fermenting and producing organic fertilizer by combining a composite microbial inoculant and a nano-film disclosed in CN115925460A has been applied, but there is no relevant report on systematically applying it to the preparation of edible mushroom production substrates. In the field of preparation of edible mushroom cultivation substrates, the application of nano-film technology in the production of organic fertilizer and the fermentation preparation of grass-rotting edible mushroom substrates is still in a blank stage, and innovative research and exploration are urgently needed.

[0004] Based on this, a cultivation substrate for Stropharia rugosoannulata that can be prepared by using nano-film directional oxygen control fermentation technology is urgently needed in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above deficiencies, the present invention aims to provide an efficient and environmentally friendly method for resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste. By using nano-film directional oxygen control fermentation technology, the purposes of shortening the fermentation cycle, improving the substrate quality, and reducing the pollution risk are achieved, so as to realize the industrialized stable production of the cultivation substrate for Stropharia rugosoannulata.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by the following technical means:

[0007] The present invention first discloses a preparation method for a cultivation substrate for Stropharia rugosoannulata, including:

[0008] (1) Accurately weigh corncobs, carbon source, rice husks, nitrogen source, and conditioner according to a mass ratio of 6:2:1:0.7:0.3, and adjust the initial moisture content of the mixture to 55% - 65% to make the C / N ratio reach 25 - 30:1, and obtain a heap for standby;

[0009] (2) Cover the surface of the heap with a nano-microporous membrane with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.2 mm. During the high-temperature stage, start the aeration system. During the cooling stage, adjust the air pressure difference inside and outside the membrane to 50 - 100 Pa and continue fermentation.

[0010] (3) After 7 - 10 days of fermentation, when the pH value of the substrate is stable and the total nutrients meet the requirements, it indicates that the fermentation is completed. Bag the substrate and perform sterilization treatment to obtain a cultivation substrate for Tricholoma matsutake.

[0011] Furthermore, the particle size of the mixture in step (1) is 3 - 5 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon source in step (1) includes but is not limited to: straw, wood chips; the nitrogen source includes but is not limited to: wheat bran, soybean meal, corn flour; the conditioner includes but is not limited to: lime, gypsum.

[0013] Furthermore, the pore size of the nano-microporous membrane in step (2) is 50 - 200 nm, and the oxygen permeability rate ≥ 5000 g / m 2 ·24 h.

[0014] Furthermore, the high-temperature stage in step (2) is the 48 - 72nd h; the frequency of the aeration system is to ventilate for 5 minutes every 2 h.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (3), when the pH value of the substrate is stable at 6.5 - 7.5; when the total nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) ≥ 5%, it meets the requirements.

[0016] The present invention also discloses a cultivation substrate for Tricholoma matsutake prepared by the preparation method according to any one of the above.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. Shortened fermentation cycle: The method of the present invention shortens the fermentation cycle to 1 / 3 - 1 / 2 of the traditional method, greatly improving the production efficiency, reducing the time cost, and enabling the cultivation substrate for Tricholoma matsutake to be put into production and application faster.

[0019] 2. Reduced contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria in the substrate: The contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria in the substrate ≤ 5% (≥ 10% in the traditional method), effectively reducing the contamination of the substrate by miscellaneous bacteria, improving the purity and quality of the substrate, and providing a healthier environment for the growth of Tricholoma matsutake.

[0020] 3. Improved yield and quality of Tricholoma matsutake: The yield of Tricholoma matsutake is increased by 40%. It not only increases the yield of Tricholoma matsutake, but also improves its nutritional value and market competitiveness, bringing higher economic benefits to growers. Specific embodiments

[0021] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A cultivation substrate for Tricholoma matsutake and its preparation method

[0024] (1) Raw material pretreatment: The straw is crushed to a particle size of 3 - 5 cm to increase the specific surface area of the material, facilitating material exchange and microbial action during subsequent fermentation. Corncobs, wood chips, rice husks, wheat bran, and lime are accurately mixed according to a mass ratio of 6:2:1:0.7:0.3, and the initial moisture content is adjusted to 55 - 65%, so that the C / N ratio reaches 25 - 30:1, providing a suitable nutrient environment for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms.

[0025] (2) Construction of the nano - membrane fermentation system: A nano - microporous membrane with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.2 mm is covered on the surface of the stack. The pore size of this membrane is 50 nm, and the oxygen permeability rate ≥ 5000 g / m 2 ·24 h. This special nano - membrane can form a closed slightly positive - pressure environment, effectively controlling the amount of oxygen entering, while preventing excessive water loss and the invasion of external miscellaneous bacteria.

[0026] (3) Directional fermentation regulation: During the high - temperature stage (48 h), start the aeration system, set the frequency to ventilate for 5 minutes every 2 h. Provide sufficient oxygen for microorganisms through forced ventilation to accelerate the degradation of lignocellulose and promote the fermentation process. During the cooling stage, adjust the air pressure difference inside and outside the membrane to 50 Pa, and use the air pressure difference to promote the metabolic activities of mesophilic bacteria, stabilize the formation of humus, and improve the quality of the substrate.

[0027] (4) Substrate post - treatment: After a 10 - day fermentation cycle, when the pH value of the substrate stabilizes at 6.5 - 7.5 and the total nutrient content (N + P2O5 + K2O) ≥ 5%, it indicates that the fermentation is completed. The substrate is bagged and sterilized, and then inoculated with Tricholoma matsutake strains to provide a high - quality cultivation substrate for the growth of Tricholoma matsutake.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] A cultivation substrate for Tricholoma matsutake and its preparation method

[0030] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Crush the fruit shells to a particle size of 3 - 5 cm to increase the specific surface area of the material, facilitating mass transfer and microbial action during the subsequent fermentation process. Accurately mix corncobs, wood chips, rice husks, wheat bran, and lime according to a mass ratio of 6:2:1:0.7:0.3, and adjust the initial moisture content to 55 - 65%, so that the C / N ratio reaches 25 - 30:1, providing a suitable nutrient environment for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms.

[0031] (2) Construction of the nanofilm fermentation system: Cover the surface of the pile with a nanofilter membrane with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.2 mm. The pore size of this membrane is 150 nm, and the oxygen permeability rate is ≥5000 g / m 2 ·24 h. This special nanofilm can form a closed slightly positive pressure environment, effectively controlling the amount of oxygen entering, while preventing excessive moisture loss and the invasion of external miscellaneous bacteria.

[0032] (3) Directional fermentation regulation: During the high-temperature stage (60 h), start the aeration system, set the frequency to ventilate for 5 minutes every 2 hours, provide sufficient oxygen for the microorganisms through forced ventilation, accelerate the degradation of lignocellulose, and promote the fermentation process. During the cooling stage, adjust the air pressure difference inside and outside the membrane to 75 Pa, and use the air pressure difference to promote the metabolic activities of mesophilic bacteria, stabilize the formation of humus, and improve the quality of the substrate.

[0033] (4) Substrate post-treatment: After an 8.5-day fermentation cycle, when the pH value of the substrate stabilizes at 7 and the total nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) ≥5%, it indicates that the fermentation is complete. Pack the substrate into bags and perform sterilization treatment, and then inoculate with the Tricholoma matsutake var. rufum strain to provide a high-quality cultivation substrate for the growth of Tricholoma matsutake var. rufum.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] A cultivation substrate for Tricholoma matsutake var. rufum and its preparation method

[0036] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Crush the wood chips to a particle size of 3 - 5 cm to increase the specific surface area of the material, facilitating mass transfer and microbial action during the subsequent fermentation process. Accurately mix corncobs, wood chips, rice husks, wheat bran, and lime according to a mass ratio of 6:2:1:0.7:0.3, and adjust the initial moisture content to 55 - 65%, so that the C / N ratio reaches 25 - 30:1, providing a suitable nutrient environment for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms.

[0037] (2) Construction of the nanofilm fermentation system: Cover the surface of the pile with a nanofilter membrane with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.2 mm. The pore size of this membrane is 200 nm, and the oxygen permeability rate is ≥5000 g / m 2 ·24 h. This special nanofilm can form a closed slightly positive pressure environment, effectively controlling the amount of oxygen entering, while preventing excessive moisture loss and the invasion of external miscellaneous bacteria.

[0038] (3) Oriented fermentation regulation: In the high-temperature stage (72 h), start the aeration system, set the frequency to ventilate for 5 minutes every 2 hours, provide sufficient oxygen for microorganisms through forced ventilation, accelerate the degradation of lignocellulose, and promote the fermentation process. In the cooling stage, adjust the air pressure difference inside and outside the membrane to 100 Pa, and use the air pressure difference to promote the metabolic activities of mesophilic bacteria, stabilize the formation of humus, and improve the quality of the substrate.

[0039] (4) Substrate post-treatment: After a 10-day fermentation cycle, when the pH value of the substrate stabilizes at 7.5 and the total nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) ≥ 5%, it indicates that the fermentation is complete. Bag the substrate and perform sterilization treatment, and then inoculate the Stropharia rugosoannulata strain to provide a high-quality cultivation substrate for the growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata.

[0040] Control Example 1

[0041] Add the substrate raw materials in a certain proportion, mix them evenly with lime water, and then add water and stir to ensure that the raw materials are evenly mixed. Hold the raw materials with your hand, and when water drops fall between your fingers but do not form a line, it means the moisture is appropriate. After fully stirring evenly, start building the pile. Stack the raw materials into a long-shaped pile, generally with a width of 1.5 - 2.5 m, a height of 1.0 - 1.4 m, and the length is not limited. During the stacking process, pay attention to maintaining the humidity of the stacked materials and turn the pile regularly to promote uniform fermentation. Usually turn the pile once every 5 - 7 days, move the outer layer of the materials to the inside, and punch holes at intervals of 20 - 30 cm with a 50 cm stick to increase the oxygen in the cultivation substrate and prevent anaerobic fermentation. According to the specific situation, the fermentation treatment time is generally 20 - 25 days. During this period, it is necessary to regularly check the humidity and temperature of the stacked materials to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process. After the fermentation is completed, a large number of white thermophilic actinomycetes will appear in the middle of the cultivation substrate, the color of the cultivation substrate will turn brownish, have a fragrance, and show a uniform and delicate texture.

[0042] Test Example 1

[0043] Test materials: Stropharia rugosoannulata

[0044] Use a nano-membrane to accelerate the fermentation speed and save the turning pile process at the same time. Test process: Nano-membrane stacking fermentation (15 days, 10 days, 5 days) and traditional fermentation (without film covering, turning pile) → Spreading the materials for planting (a total of three layers of materials and two layers of strains are spread, with a total thickness of 25 cm). A total of four fermentation treatments are set, traditional fermentation (without film covering, turning pile, 20 days), nano-membrane stacking fermentation (5 days, 10 days, 15 days), and the treatment numbers are T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. Each treatment is repeated three times, each plot is 4.8 ㎡ (0.8 m * 6 m), and there are a total of 12 plots, which are set up in a randomized block design.

[0045] Table 1 Effects of substrates with different fermentation treatments on the yield and single mushroom weight of Stropharia rugosoannulata

[0046]

[0047] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with traditional fermentation (T1), nano-membrane compost fermentation treatment (T2, T3, T4) performs better in controlling contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, and as the fermentation time extends, the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria generally shows a downward trend. The single mushroom weight of nano-membrane compost fermentation for 5 days (T2) is the highest, reaching 52.42 g, higher than 44.78 g of traditional fermentation (T1). However, the single mushroom weight of nano-membrane compost fermentation for 15 days (T4) drops to 31.86 g, indicating that it is not the case that the longer the fermentation time, the more ideal the single mushroom weight. An appropriate fermentation time (such as 5 days) is more beneficial to increasing the single mushroom weight. The biological conversion rate of nano-membrane compost fermentation for 10 days (T3) is the highest, reaching 50.59%, significantly higher than 35.90% of traditional fermentation (T1). It shows that reasonably extending the nano-membrane compost fermentation time can effectively improve the biological conversion rate of Stropharia rugoso-annulata. However, the biological conversion rate decreases when fermented for 15 days (T4), indicating that there is an optimal fermentation duration range to achieve a high biological conversion rate.

[0048] Generally speaking, compared with traditional fermentation, nano-membrane compost fermentation can reduce the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria and, to a certain extent, improve the single mushroom weight and biological conversion rate. However, it is not the case that the longer the fermentation time, the better. The single mushroom weight is relatively high when fermented for 5 days by nano-membrane compost, and the biological conversion rate is relatively high when fermented for 10 days. Considering all indicators, it is determined that 5 - 10 days is the appropriate duration for nano-membrane compost fermentation, which is more beneficial to the production of Stropharia rugoso-annulata.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a cultivation base material for Agaricus tinctorius, comprising: (1) accurately weighing corn cobs, carbon sources, rice husks, nitrogen sources, and conditioning agents according to a mass ratio of 6:2:1:0.7:0.3, and adjusting the initial moisture content of the mixture to 55%-65% so that the C / N ratio reaches 25-30:1, to obtain a pile for use; (2) Covering the surface of the pile with a nanoporous membrane with a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm, starting the aeration system during the high temperature stage, and adjusting the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the membrane to 50-100 Pa during the cooling stage to continue fermentation; (3) After 7-10 days of fermentation, when the pH value of the base material is stable and the total nutrients meet the requirements, indicating that the fermentation is complete, the base material is bagged and sterilized to obtain a red pine mushroom cultivation base material.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The particle size of the mixture in step (1) is 3 to 5 cm.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The carbon source in step (1) includes: straw, sawdust; The nitrogen source includes: wheat bran, soybean meal, cornmeal; The conditioning agent includes: lime and gypsum.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The pore size of the nanoporous membrane in step (2) is 50-200nm, and the oxygen permeability is ≥5000g / m 2 ·24h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The high temperature stage in step (2) is 48-72 hours; The frequency of the aeration system is 5 minutes of ventilation every 2 hours.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), the pH value of the base material is stabilized at 6.5-7.5; When the total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O)≥5%, the requirements are met.

7. A cultivation base material for Agaricus tinctorius obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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