Green and low-carbon constructed wetland heat preservation system capable of realizing intelligent control

Abstract

The invention discloses a green and low-carbon constructed wetland thermal insulation system capable of realizing intelligent control. The system comprises a modular wetland unit, a hydroelectric generation module, a thermal insulation heating module, an intelligent control module and an energy storage and standby power supply module, the modularized wetland unit comprises a modularized shell as well as a plant covering layer, a water inlet layer, a wetland bed layer and a water outlet layer which are positioned in the shell and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the hydroelectric generation module is mounted on one side of the modularized wetland unit and comprises a water power module shell and a turbine pipeline type hydroelectric generator; electric energy output by the turbine pipeline type hydroelectric generator is supplied to the heat preservation heating module or stored in the energy storage and standby power supply module for standby application; the heat preservation heating module comprises a heat conduction layer arranged at the bottom of the modular shell and located below the water outlet layer, and an electric heating plate located below the heat conduction layer. The intelligent control module is used for analyzing the running state of the wetland in real time and dynamically optimizing the power generation and heating modes. The energy consumption can be reduced, and efficient and stable operation can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of ecological environment protection and sewage treatment, and particularly to an artificial wetland heat preservation system that is green and low-carbon and can achieve intelligent control. Background Art

[0002] As an ecological-friendly sewage treatment technology, artificial wetlands have been widely used in the treatment of domestic sewage and some industrial wastewater. Their characteristics of low operating cost, simple maintenance, and significant landscape benefits make them an ideal choice for small and medium-sized sewage treatment projects. However, under cold climate conditions, the treatment efficiency of artificial wetlands often drops significantly, which is mainly due to three aspects of problems:

[0003] Low temperature affects microbial activity: In a low-temperature environment, the metabolic rate of microorganisms slows down significantly, and biochemical reactions such as nitrification, denitrification, and organic matter decomposition are severely inhibited, resulting in a reduction or even failure of the treatment efficiency of the wetland. In addition, cold climate may cause the water flow in the wetland to freeze, further affecting the operation stability of the system.

[0004] Limitation of the integrity of the wetland structure: Traditional artificial wetlands usually adopt an integral structure design. Although it can meet the conventional treatment requirements, under low-temperature conditions, due to the lack of flexibility, it is difficult to carry out effective local optimization and system expansion. For example, the conventional film covering heat preservation measures for cold climate have limited effects, hindering the application of artificial wetland technology in low-temperature regions.

[0005] Insufficient utilization of endogenous energy: The hydrodynamic resources contained in the operation process of the wetland have not been effectively developed, and the overall energy efficiency of the system is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a green and low-carbon artificial wetland heat preservation system that can achieve intelligent control. By combining hydropower generation and modular heat preservation technology, the hydrodynamic resources of the wetland itself are combined with the modular design, enabling the artificial wetland heat preservation system to not only efficiently preserve heat in cold climates but also achieve low-carbon and sustainable operation, providing new ideas and technical support for sewage treatment in cold regions.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A green and low-carbon artificial wetland heat preservation system that can achieve intelligent control, including a modular wetland unit, a hydropower generation module, a heat preservation and heating module, an intelligent control module, and an energy storage and backup power module;

[0009] The modular wetland unit includes a modular housing, and a plant covering layer, an influent layer, a wetland bed layer, and an effluent layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the modular housing; the modular wetland unit further includes wetland plants planted in the plant covering layer, an influent pipe arranged in the influent layer, and an effluent pipe arranged in the effluent layer;

[0010] The hydropower module is installed on one side of the modular wetland unit, and includes a hydrodynamic module housing, a turbine pipeline type hydrogenerator, and a maintenance opening located on the hydrodynamic module housing; the effluent pipe in the effluent layer extends into the hydrodynamic module housing, and the turbine of the turbine pipeline type hydrogenerator is installed in the effluent pipe. Relying on the water flow potential difference between the influent pipe and the effluent pipe, the turbine pipeline type hydrogenerator is driven to generate electricity. After the output electric energy passes through a voltage stabilizing and rectifying device, it is directly supplied to the heat preservation and heating module or stored in the energy storage and backup power supply module for standby;

[0011] The heat preservation and heating module includes a heat conduction layer arranged at the bottom of the modular housing and below the effluent layer, and an electric heating heating plate located below the heat conduction layer; the electric heating heating plate is made of a corrosion-resistant and highly heat-conductive material, and is embedded with an intelligent temperature control device to achieve zoned heating and real-time monitoring, ensuring that the internal temperature of the wetland is maintained within a range suitable for microbial metabolism and plant growth; the heat conduction layer is used to conduct the heat generated by the electric heating heating plate to the effluent layer and the wetland bed layer;

[0012] The intelligent control module includes a temperature sensor installed in the modular wetland unit, a water flow sensor located on the effluent pipe, an energy consumption monitoring device connected to the electric heating heating plate, and a control terminal; the control terminal is built-in with a control algorithm, receives the data of the temperature sensor, water flow sensor, and energy consumption monitoring device, and through the control algorithm, analyzes the wetland operation status in real time, dynamically optimizes the power generation and heating modes, so that the entire system can maintain the internal temperature of the wetland within a range suitable for microbial metabolism and plant growth with the minimum energy consumption.

[0013] Further, the wetland bed layer is made of a material with excellent heat transfer and anti-freezing performance, and the wetland plants are cold-resistant plants; the modular housing is made of a low-temperature resistant and anti-corrosion material; both the effluent layer and the influent layer are filled with filter materials, and both the influent pipe and the effluent pipe are perforated filter water pipes. The particle size of the filter material in the influent layer is larger than the pore diameter of the water filter holes of the influent pipe, and the particle size of the filter material in the effluent layer is larger than the pore diameter of the water filter holes of the effluent pipe.

[0014] Further, the intelligent control module also supports remote monitoring and data collection through the Internet of Things platform.

[0015] Further, the backup power supply in the energy storage and backup power supply module selects solar energy or mains power.

[0016] Further, when there are multiple artificial wetland heat preservation systems, the modular wetland units of adjacent artificial wetland heat preservation systems are connected by flexible pipes to form an integral whole.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] (1) The present invention innovatively combines modular wetland design with hydropower generation technology to achieve energy self - sufficiency and low - carbon operation of the wetland system.

[0019] (2) The intelligent control module of the present invention realizes real - time dynamic management of power generation, heating and energy storage, effectively reducing energy consumption and ensuring efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0020] (3) The present invention uses modular design and can flexibly configure each module according to water quality requirements, and is applicable to urban sewage, rural domestic sewage and some industrial wastewater treatment scenarios.

[0021] (4) The present invention arranges the heating plate under the bed layer, and the bed layer filler uses high - thermal - conductivity materials, which cooperate with the heating plate to improve the heating efficiency and shorten the heating time, reducing energy consumption. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the artificial wetland heat preservation system of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure, modular wetland unit 1, hydropower generation module 2, heat preservation and heating module 3, intelligent control module 4, energy storage and backup power supply module 5, modular housing 1 - 1, water inlet layer 1 - 2, water inlet pipe 1 - 3, wetland bed layer 1 - 4, water outlet layer 1 - 5, water outlet pipe 1 - 6, wetland plants 1 - 7, plant covering layer 1 - 8, water power module housing 2 - 1, turbine - pipeline type hydropower generator 2 - 2, inspection port 2 - 3, heat conduction layer 3 - 1, electric heating plate 3 - 2, temperature sensor 4 - 1, water flow sensor 4 - 2, energy consumption monitoring device 4 - 3, control terminal 4 - 4, energy storage and backup power supply module 5. Detailed Embodiments

[0024] The present invention will be described in detail below according to the drawings and preferred embodiments. The purpose and effects of the present invention will become more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the green and low-carbon artificial wetland heat preservation system capable of realizing intelligent control in this embodiment includes a modular wetland unit 1, a hydraulic power generation module 2, a heat preservation and heating module 3, an intelligent control module 4, and an energy storage and backup power supply module 5.

[0026] Among them, the modular wetland unit 1 includes a modular housing 1-1, and a plant covering layer 1-8, an inlet water layer 1-2, a wetland bed layer 1-4, and an outlet water layer 1-5 arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the modular housing 1-1; the modular wetland unit 1 also includes wetland plants 1-7 planted in the plant covering layer 1-8, an inlet water pipe 1-3 arranged in the inlet water layer 1-2, and an outlet water pipe 1-6 arranged in the outlet water layer 1-5. The wetland bed layer 1-4 is made of materials with excellent high-efficiency heat transfer and anti-freezing performance, and the wetland plants 1-7 also use cold-resistant plants to enhance the overall adaptability. The modular housing 1-1 is made of low-temperature resistant and anti-corrosion materials. Both the outlet water layer 1-5 and the inlet water layer 1-2 are filled with filter materials. The inlet water pipe 1-3 and the outlet water pipe 1-6 are both perforated filter water pipes. The particle size of the filter materials in the inlet water layer 1-2 and the outlet water layer 1-5 is larger than the pore diameter of the filter holes of the filter water pipes.

[0027] The heat preservation and heating module 3 includes a heat conduction layer 3-1 arranged at the bottom of the modular housing 1-1 and below the outlet water layer 1-5, and an electric heating heating plate 3-2 located below the heat conduction layer 3-1. The electric heating heating plate 3-2 is made of corrosion-resistant and highly heat-conductive materials, embedded with an intelligent temperature control device, realizing zoned heating and real-time monitoring, ensuring that the internal temperature of the wetland is maintained within the range suitable for microbial metabolism and plant growth (such as 5°C - 15°C). The heat conduction layer 3-1 uses filter materials with good heat conduction performance, which are combined by steel slag, biochar, and activated carbon in a certain proportion. The electric heating heating plate 3-2 acts synergistically with the heat conduction layer 3-1, the outlet water layer 1-5, and the wetland bed layer 1-4 to enhance the heating efficiency and shorten the heating-up time.

[0028] The hydraulic power generation module 2 is installed on one side of the modular wetland unit 1, including a hydrodynamic module housing 2-1, a turbine pipeline type hydraulic generator 2-2, and a maintenance port 2-3 located on the hydrodynamic module housing 2-1. The outlet water pipe 1-6 in the outlet water layer 1-5 extends into the hydrodynamic module housing 2-1. The turbine of the turbine pipeline type hydraulic generator 2-2 is installed in the outlet water pipe 1-6. Relying on the water flow potential difference between the inlet water pipe 1-3 and the outlet water pipe 1-6, the turbine pipeline type hydraulic generator 2-2 is driven to generate electricity. After the output electric energy passes through a voltage stabilizing and rectifying device, it is directly supplied to the heat preservation and heating module 3 or stored in the energy storage battery for backup, ensuring that the entire system realizes energy self-sufficiency. The hydrodynamic module housing 2-1 uses the same material as the modular housing 1-1.

[0029] The intelligent control module 4 includes a temperature sensor 4-1 installed in the modular wetland unit 1, a water flow sensor 4-2 located on the effluent pipe 1-6, an energy consumption monitoring device 4-3 connected to the electric heating plate 3-2, and a control terminal 4-4. The control algorithm is built into the control terminal 4-4. It receives the parameters of the temperature sensor 4-1, the water flow sensor 4-2, and the energy consumption monitoring device 4-3, analyzes the operating state of the wetland in real time through the control algorithm, and dynamically optimizes the power generation and heating modes, so that the entire system can maintain the internal temperature of the wetland within the range suitable for microbial metabolism and plant growth with the minimum energy consumption. The intelligent control module 4 can also support remote monitoring and data collection through the Internet of Things platform, facilitating the operation and maintenance of the system.

[0030] The energy storage and backup power supply module 5 is used to store the excess electric energy generated by the hydraulic power generation, and provide backup energy support in cold environments or when the power generation is insufficient. The backup power supply can be supplemented by solar energy or mains electricity to enhance the stability and adaptability of the system.

[0031] According to the actual application scenarios, several green and low-carbon artificial wetland insulation systems of this embodiment that can achieve intelligent control can be arranged. The modular wetland units 1 of adjacent artificial wetland insulation systems are connected by flexible pipes, thus forming an integral whole to improve the adaptability and maintenance convenience of the system.

[0032] The working principle of the artificial wetland insulation system of this embodiment is as follows:

[0033] The treated water flow in the wetland flows through the effluent pipe 1-6, driving the turbine pipe type hydraulic generator 2-2 to generate electricity, and outputting direct current not higher than 36V. During the power generation process, the electric energy is distributed to the energy storage and backup power supply module 5, or directly supplied to the insulation heating module 3. When the ambient temperature is lower than the system set value (such as 5°C), the intelligent control module 4 triggers the insulation heating module 3 to start, and the electric heating plate 3-2 raises the temperature of the wetland bed layer 1-4 or the plant root area through electric heating, maintaining the normal metabolic activities of microorganisms and plants under low temperature conditions. The intelligent control module 4 dynamically adjusts the working load of the turbine pipe type hydraulic generator 2-2, the heating intensity of the electric heating plate 3-2, and the charge and discharge state of the energy storage and backup power supply module 5 according to the real-time data, ensuring the efficient utilization of energy and avoiding overload or energy waste.

[0034] Example 1: Medium-sized modular wetland system in cold regions

[0035] This embodiment is applicable to the urban domestic sewage treatment project in cold regions in the north, with a treatment scale of 500m 3 / d. The wetland system is designed as a modular structure, consisting of 20 green and low-carbon artificial wetland insulation systems that can achieve intelligent control, and the area covered by each system is 20m 2 .

[0036] The modular wetland unit 1 is independently installed. The modular housing 1-1 is made of PE material. Adjacent modules are connected by flexible pipes, which is convenient for construction and maintenance. The heat conduction layer 3-1 is made of a high thermal conductivity material composed of ceramsite and heat conduction particles. The wetland bed layer 1-4 is ordinary ceramsite filter material. The wetland plants 1-7 are reeds and scallions with strong cold resistance.

[0037] In this embodiment, the turbine pipeline type hydraulic generator 2-2 is installed on the outlet pipeline 1-6. The wetland plants 1-7 are reeds and scallions with strong cold resistance. The power generation capacity of each turbine pipeline type hydraulic generator 2-2 is 1 kW, and the total installed capacity is 20 kW. The electric energy generated by the generator is supplied to the heat preservation and heating module 3 through a voltage stabilizing device. The total heating power of the electric heating heating plate 3-2 of the heat preservation and heating module 3 is designed to be 15 kW, and an intelligent temperature control device is embedded to achieve zonal heating. The intelligent control module 4 monitors the temperature, water flow rate, power output and energy consumption data of the wetland bed layer 1-4 in real time. The system is equipped with a storage battery with a capacity of 50 kWh as the energy storage and backup power module 5 to store the excess electric energy of the generator.

[0038] The operation process of this embodiment is as follows: When the winter temperature is lower than 5°C, the wetland heat preservation system starts. When the outlet water flows through the outlet pipeline 1-6, the turbine pipeline type hydraulic generator 2-2 converts kinetic energy into electric energy and preferentially supplies it to the heat preservation and heating module 3 for use. The intelligent control module 4 dynamically adjusts the power output of the electric heating heating plate 3-2 according to the temperature change and only heats the necessary areas, thereby reducing unnecessary energy consumption. The energy storage battery is used to supplement electric energy during peak energy consumption periods to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0039] The operation effect is as follows: After 1 year of continuous operation, the system shows significant heat preservation and sewage treatment effects. The average temperature of the bed layer is stable between 10°C and 12°C, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is increased by about 30%, and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate is increased by 20%. The flexibility of the modular design makes maintenance and overhaul more convenient. The hydraulic power generation realizes 100% energy self-sufficiency, and the overall operation cost is reduced by about 40%.

[0040] Embodiment 2: Rural small-scale artificial wetland sewage treatment system

[0041] This embodiment is applicable to rural domestic sewage treatment projects, with a daily treatment volume of 100 m 3 , and the system is designed as a small modular wetland, suitable for decentralized applications.

[0042] In this embodiment, five artificial wetland insulation systems that are green and low-carbon and can achieve intelligent control are set up. The coverage area of each system is 20 ㎡, which is suitable for the limited land conditions in rural areas. The wetland bed layers 1-4 use modified gravel prepared from local resources as fillers, and the wetland plants 1-7 are selected from low-temperature-tolerant aquatic plants such as cattails and rushes.

[0043] Due to the large water flow fluctuations in rural areas, the turbine pipeline type hydraulic generator 2-2 is installed on the outlet pipeline 1-6, with a single unit power of 0.5 kW and a total installed power of 2.5 kW. At the same time, the system is installed with 10 m 2 of solar panels to provide additional energy guarantee. The total heating power of the electric heating plates 3-2 of the insulation heating module 3 is 3 kW. The heating plates are linked with the temperature control device to ensure that the wetland bed layer maintains an appropriate temperature in cold environments. The system is equipped with a 20 kWh energy storage battery to balance the power supply fluctuations of hydraulic power generation and solar energy.

[0044] The operation process of this embodiment is as follows: When the winter temperature drops below 0 °C, the insulation system starts to operate. During the day, solar power generation is preferentially used to drive the electric heating plates 3-2, and at night, hydraulic power generation and the energy storage battery provide power support. The intelligent control module 4 adjusts the heating mode in real time and only focuses on heating key areas (such as the plant root area and the water inlet).

[0045] The operation effect is as follows: After 1 year of continuous operation, the system maintained a high treatment efficiency under low-temperature conditions. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate in the sewage reached 85%, and the COD removal rate reached 90%. Compared with traditional wetlands, the insulation system maintained the microbial activity at a high level and effectively avoided inactivation at low temperatures. The complementary power supply of hydropower and solar energy achieved an energy self-sufficiency rate of 100%, and the operation cost was reduced by about 60%. The modular design is convenient for relocation and expansion, which is especially suitable for the actual needs of rural sewage decentralized treatment.

[0046] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above are only preferred examples of the invention and are not used to limit the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the invention shall be included within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A green, low-carbon and intelligently controlled artificial wetland insulation system, characterized in that: It includes a modular wetland unit (1), a hydropower generation module (2), a thermal insulation and heating module (3), an intelligent control module (4), and an energy storage and backup power module (5); The modular wetland unit (1) comprises a modular shell (1-1), and a plant cover layer (1-8), a water inlet layer (1-2), a wetland bed layer (1-4), and a water outlet layer (1-5) located inside the modular shell (1-1) and arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the modular wetland unit (1) also comprises wetland plants (1-7) planted in the plant cover layer (1-8), a water inlet pipe (1-3) arranged in the water inlet layer (1-2), and a water outlet pipe (1-6) arranged in the water outlet layer (1-5); The hydropower generation module (2) is installed on one side of the modular wetland unit (1), and comprises a hydropower module housing (2-1), a turbine-pipe hydropower generator (2-2), and an inspection port (2-3) located on the hydropower module housing (2-1); the outlet pipe (1-6) in the outlet layer (1-5) extends into the hydropower module housing (2-1), and the turbine of the turbine-pipe hydropower generator (2-2) is installed in the outlet pipe (1-6). The turbine-pipe hydropower generator (2-2) is driven to generate electricity by relying on the water flow potential difference between the inlet pipe (1-3) and the outlet pipe (1-6). The output electric energy is directly supplied to the heat preservation and heating module (3) or stored in the energy storage and backup power supply module (5) for standby after passing through a voltage stabilizing and rectifying device; The heat preservation and heating module (3) comprises a heat conducting layer (3-1) arranged at the bottom of the modular housing (1-1) and located below the water outlet layer (1-5), and an electric heating plate (3-2) located below the heat conducting layer (3-1); the electric heating plate (3-2) is made of corrosion-resistant high heat conductivity material and embedded with an intelligent temperature control device to achieve zoned heating and real-time monitoring, thereby ensuring that the internal temperature of the wetland is maintained within a range suitable for microbial metabolism and plant growth; the heat conducting layer is used to conduct the heat generated by the electric heating plate (3-2) to the water outlet layer (1-5) and the wetland bed layer (1-4); The intelligent control module (4) comprises a temperature sensor (4-1) installed in the modular wetland unit (1), a water flow sensor (4-2) located on the water outlet pipe (1-6), an energy consumption monitoring device (4-3) connected to the electric heating plate (3-2), and a control terminal (4-4); the control terminal has a built-in control algorithm, receives data from the temperature sensor (4-1), the water flow sensor (4-2) and the energy consumption monitoring device (4-3), and uses the control algorithm to analyze the operating status of the wetland in real time, dynamically optimize the power generation and heating mode, so that the entire system can maintain the internal temperature of the wetland within a range suitable for microbial metabolism and plant growth with minimal energy consumption.

2. The green, low-carbon and intelligently controlled artificial wetland insulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wetland bed layer (1-4) is made of materials with high efficiency in heat transfer and excellent antifreeze performance, and the wetland plants (1-7) are cold-resistant plants; the modular shell (1-1) is made of low-temperature resistant and anti-corrosion materials; the water outlet layer (1-5) and the water inlet layer (1-2) are both filled with filter materials, and the water inlet pipe (1-3) and the water outlet pipe (1-6) are both perforated water filter pipes, the filter material particle size of the water inlet layer (1-2) is larger than the filter hole diameter of the water inlet pipe (1-3), and the filter material particle size of the water outlet layer (1-5) is larger than the filter hole diameter of the water outlet pipe (1-6).

3. The green, low-carbon and intelligently controlled artificial wetland insulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent control module (4) also supports remote monitoring and data collection via the Internet of Things platform.

4. The green, low-carbon and intelligently controlled artificial wetland insulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The backup power source in the energy storage and backup power source module (5) is selected from solar energy or city electricity.

5. The green, low-carbon and intelligently controlled artificial wetland insulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When there are multiple artificial wetland thermal insulation systems, the modular wetland units (1) of adjacent artificial wetland thermal insulation systems are connected via flexible pipes to form a whole.

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