Noise and vibration energy acquisition system and dynamic monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a noise and vibration energy acquisition system and a dynamic monitoring method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy conversion, the noise and vibration energy acquisition system comprises a sound input unit, a monitoring shell, an energy conversion unit, a vibration sensing unit and a storage control unit; an acoustic resonance cavity is arranged in the monitoring shell, and a vibration sensing unit, an energy conversion unit and a sound input unit are arranged in the acoustic resonance cavity from bottom to top; the vibration sensing unit and the energy conversion unit are electrically connected with the storage control unit respectively; the vibration sensing unit is used for acquiring an external vibration signal and generating an alternating current signal, the energy conversion unit is used for acquiring an external noise signal and generating an alternating current signal, and the storage control unit is used for respectively acquiring the alternating current signals generated by the vibration sensing unit and the energy conversion unit; the generated electric energy is supplied to an external load and the intensity of external vibration and noise is obtained. Synchronous acquisition of noise and vibration energy can be realized, and real-time dynamic monitoring of external noise and vibration intensity can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of noise and vibration energy harvesting and its monitoring, and particularly relates to a noise and vibration energy harvesting system and its dynamic monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the Internet of Things and micro-electromechanical technology, whether it is road traffic or industrial and construction sites, a large number of sensors need to be deployed to monitor the surrounding environmental information. However, it is difficult to update and maintain such sensors in some special occasions, and its sustainable power supply mechanism has always been a key issue of concern to researchers.

[0003] On the other hand, noise and vibration widely exist in industrial and living environments, such as traffic noise and vibration generated by highways and railroads, noise and vibration generated by industrial and construction operations, social life noise, natural noise, etc. Collecting and utilizing the noise and vibration in the environment provides an innovative solution for researchers to explore clean energy and the sustainable power supply of sensors.

[0004] Traditional noise energy harvesters often collect noise energy through piezoelectric cantilever beams, and most of the noise energy harvesters have complex structures and low power densities, resulting in low energy harvesting efficiency in non-steady random noise environments, and the noise energy cannot be effectively utilized.

[0005] In addition, the key problem faced by current energy harvesting is that noise often coexists with environmental vibration, and the direction of environmental vibration excitation often changes continuously. At present, there is no energy harvester that can simultaneously collect the energy of environmental noise and vibration, nor is there a device that can simultaneously monitor the external environmental noise and vibration in real time and dynamically. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and provide a noise and vibration energy harvesting system and its dynamic monitoring method, which can realize the synchronous collection of noise and vibration energy, and can monitor the intensity of external noise and vibration in real time and dynamically.

[0007] A noise and vibration energy harvesting system includes: a monitoring housing 2, a sound input unit 1, an energy conversion unit 3, at least three vibration sensing units 4, and a storage and control unit 5;

[0008] The monitoring housing 2 includes: a monitoring outer shell 21 and a monitoring base 22;

[0009] The energy conversion unit 3 includes: a piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and a support base 32;

[0010] The vibration sensing unit 4 described above includes: a hammer-shaped bracket 41, a conical bracket 42, a groove-shaped bracket 43, a first flexible piezoelectric shim 44, a second flexible piezoelectric shim 45, and a third flexible piezoelectric shim 46;

[0011] The groove-shaped bracket 43 is composed of a first connecting rod 432, a second connecting rod 433, and a third connecting rod 431;

[0012] The second connecting rod 433 is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 432 at a 90° angle, and the third connecting rod 431 is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 432 at an acute angle of 50° - 70°;

[0013] Both ends of the second flexible piezoelectric shim 45 are fixedly connected to the second connecting rod 433 and the conical bracket 42 respectively;

[0014] Both ends of the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46 are fixedly connected to the conical bracket 42 and the large head end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 respectively;

[0015] Both ends of the first flexible piezoelectric shim 44 are fixedly connected to the third connecting rod 431 and the large head end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 respectively;

[0016] The intersection point of the extension lines of the first flexible piezoelectric shim 44 and the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46 is on the axis of the hammer-shaped bracket 41;

[0017] The first connecting rod 432 of the vibration sensing unit 4 is fixed on the line connecting the center of the monitoring base 22 and the periphery of the monitoring base 22; the small head end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 is perpendicularly and fixedly connected to the support base 32;

[0018] The sound input unit 1 described above is provided at the upper end of the monitoring housing 2, above the energy conversion unit 3;

[0019] The flexible piezoelectric shims of the vibration sensing unit 4 and the energy conversion unit 3 are respectively electrically connected to the storage and control unit 5;

[0020] The monitoring housing 2 includes: a monitoring outer shell 21 and a monitoring base 22, which are hermetically connected to form an acoustic resonance cavity 23;

[0021] The horizontal cross-section of the monitoring outer shell 21 and the monitoring base 22 is circular or regular polygon, and the ratio of the height of the monitoring outer shell 21 to the diameter of its inscribed circle is 2:1.

[0022] The outer surface of the sound input unit 1 is a conical surface, a pyramidal surface, or an imitation conical spiral surface. If it is the imitation conical spiral surface, its helix angle is taken as 10° - 15°;

[0023] The small opening end of the sound input unit 1 is arranged inward, and its large opening end is hermetically connected to the inner side of the monitoring outer shell 21;

[0024] The area ratio of the large opening to the small opening is 2 - 3:1; the ratio of the height of the outer surface of the sound input unit 1 to the diameter of the inscribed circle at its large opening end is 1:1.2 - 1.5.

[0025] The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 is provided with a spherical crown space, which is communicated with the acoustic resonance cavity 23;

[0026] The piezoelectric material in the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 is in a continuous state of elastic deformation preparation, acquires external noise signals and converts them into alternating current signals;

[0027] The ratio of the height of the spherical crown space to the diameter of its large opening end is 1:10 - 20; the area ratio of the large opening end of the spherical crown space to the horizontal cross-section area of the acoustic resonance cavity 23 is 1:3 - 7;

[0028] The vibration sensing unit 4 is uniformly arranged on the monitoring base 22;

[0029] The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31, the first flexible piezoelectric shim 44, the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46 and the second flexible piezoelectric shim 45 are composed of piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric thin films or piezoelectric fibers;

[0030] The storage control unit 5 includes: a controller, a rectification and filtering module, an energy storage capacitor and a DC - DC conversion module;

[0031] The controller is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the flexible piezoelectric shims in the vibration sensing unit 4 respectively, and its positive and negative poles are connected to the controller respectively. The controller acquires the alternating current signals generated by the vibration sensing unit 4 and the energy conversion unit 3, generates electric energy to supply power to an external load, and obtains the intensity of external vibration and noise;

[0032] The rectification and filtering module is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the flexible piezoelectric shims in the vibration sensing unit 4 respectively, and the alternating current signal to be processed is converted into a direct current signal;

[0033] The energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the rectification and filtering module, and the energy storage capacitor is used for storing the electric energy of the direct current signal;

[0034] The DC - DC conversion module is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, the controller and the external load respectively, and the DC - DC conversion module is used for acquiring the direct current signal and performing characteristic transformation;

[0035] A dynamic monitoring method for a noise and vibration energy collection system, using the above-mentioned noise and vibration energy collection system:

[0036] 1) Perform frequency calibration and signal marking on the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 in the energy conversion unit 3 and the flexible piezoelectric shims in the vibration sensing unit 4;

[0037] 2) The rectification and filtering module and the controller determine the request data in response to external vibration energy, and acquire the noise alternating current signal of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the vibration alternating current signal of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm;

[0038] 3) The controller filters and processes the noise alternating current signal and the vibration alternating current signal to obtain the intensities of external vibration and noise, and transmits them to the external control center through the internal wireless module;

[0039] 4) The control center can make a feedback response in a timely manner according to the latest data received.

[0040] The intensities of the external vibration and noise include: the intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction, the intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction, and the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity;

[0041] The intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction is obtained through Formula (1) and Formula (2):

[0042] (1)

[0043] (2)

[0044] Where: F1 is the intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction, θ is the direction angle of the external vibration in the horizontal direction, m is the equivalent mass of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; c is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; k is the equivalent stiffness of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; α is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; C P represents the equivalent capacitance of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; R represents the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit in the vibration sensing unit; pij respectively represent the vibration displacement of the j-th flexible piezoelectric diaphragm on the i-th vibration sensing unit in its normal direction; Vij respectively represent the output voltage of the j-th flexible piezoelectric diaphragm on the i-th vibration sensing unit (i = 1, 2, 3; j = 1, 2, 3);

[0045] The intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction is obtained through Formula (3), Formula (4), Formula (5) and Formula (6):

[0046] (3)

[0047] (4)

[0048] (5)

[0049] (6)

[0050] Wherein: F2 is the intensity of external vibration in the vertical direction, φ is the installation angle of the third flexible piezoelectric shim with respect to the vertical direction, and ψ is the installation angle of the first flexible piezoelectric shim with respect to the vertical direction;

[0051] The excitation intensity of the acoustic resonance cavity for transmitting noise is obtained through formulas (7) and (8):

[0052] (7)

[0053] (8)

[0054] Wherein: F3 is the excitation intensity transmitted from the hammer-shaped bracket to the energy conversion unit; F4 is the excitation intensity of the acoustic resonance cavity for transmitting noise, z is the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure, V is the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; m' is the equivalent mass of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure, c' is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; k' is the equivalent stiffness of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; α' is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; C P ' is the equivalent capacitance of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; R' is the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit.

[0055] The present invention discloses a noise and vibration energy harvesting system and its dynamic monitoring method, including: a sound input unit, a monitoring housing, an energy conversion unit, a vibration sensing unit, and a storage and control unit; an acoustic resonance cavity is provided inside the monitoring housing, and a vibration sensing unit, an energy conversion unit, and a sound input unit are arranged therein from bottom to top in sequence; the vibration sensing unit and the energy conversion unit are respectively electrically connected to the storage and control unit; the vibration sensing unit is used to obtain an external vibration signal and generate an alternating current signal, the energy conversion unit is used to obtain an external noise signal and generate an alternating current signal, and the storage and control unit is used to respectively obtain the alternating current signals generated by the vibration sensing unit and the energy conversion unit, generate electric energy to supply power to an external load, and obtain the intensities of external vibration and noise. In summary, the present invention can realize the synchronous harvesting of noise and vibration energy and perform real-time dynamic monitoring on the intensities of external noise and vibration.

[0056] The beneficial effects of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system and a dynamic monitoring method using the same provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0057] 1. The vibration sensing unit, the energy conversion unit, and the sound input unit are integrated in a monitoring housing with an acoustic resonance cavity and arranged in sequence along a specific direction, realizing the simultaneous harvesting of vibration energy and noise energy. This integrated design makes the system structure compact, capable of simultaneously processing two different forms of energy, vibration and noise, and has multifunctionality. Compared with traditional single-energy harvesting devices, the energy harvesting efficiency and application range are greatly improved.

[0058] 2. The vibration sensing unit can acquire external vibration signals and generate alternating current signals, and the energy conversion unit can acquire external noise signals and generate alternating current signals. The alternating current signals from these two different sources can be acquired by the storage control unit and converted into electric energy to supply power to external loads. That is, the system can make full use of the vibration and noise energy in the environment, convert it into electric energy, and effectively solve the problem of energy shortage.

[0059] 3. The monitoring housing has an acoustic resonance cavity. This design can enhance the sound intensity and improve the acquisition efficiency of the energy conversion unit for noise signals. The acoustic resonance cavity can make sounds of specific frequencies resonate inside the cavity, so that the energy conversion unit receives stronger noise signals, thereby improving the acquisition and conversion efficiency of noise energy and further increasing the overall energy output of the system.

[0060] 4. In the actual environment, vibration and noise often exist simultaneously and vary diversely. The system of the present invention can continuously collect energy under different environmental conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of energy supply. Whether in industrial and construction sites with frequent vibrations or in high-speed road and rail transit environments with high noise levels, it can work effectively, improving the application range and practicality of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 is the external three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 is the internal three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 is the internal structure sectional view of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the energy conversion unit of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the vibration sensing unit of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the trough-shaped bracket of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the monitoring base of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8It is the specific schematic diagram A of the circuit connection of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 9 It is the specific schematic diagram B of the circuit connection of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 10 It is the schematic diagram of the array layout structure of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 11 It is the schematic diagram of the working principle of the vibration sensing unit in a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention.

[0072] In the attached drawings:

[0073] 1. Sound input unit;

[0074] 2. Monitoring housing; 21. Monitoring outer shell; 22. Monitoring base; 221. Positioning groove; 23. Acoustic resonance cavity;

[0075] 3. Energy conversion unit; 31. Piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; 32. Support base;

[0076] 4. Vibration sensing unit; 41. Hammer-shaped bracket; 42. Conical bracket; 43. Groove-shaped bracket; 44. First flexible piezoelectric shim; 45. Second flexible piezoelectric shim; 46. Third flexible piezoelectric shim; 431. Third connecting rod; 432. First connecting rod; 433. Second connecting rod;

[0077] 5. Storage control unit. Specific implementation mode

[0078] Example 1:

[0079] Refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 3 , a noise and vibration energy collection system, including: a sound input unit 1, a monitoring housing 2, an energy conversion unit 3, a vibration sensing unit 4, and a storage control unit 5;

[0080] An acoustic resonance cavity 23 is provided inside the monitoring housing 2, and the vibration sensing unit 4, the energy conversion unit 3, and the sound input unit 1 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top inside the monitoring housing 2;

[0081] The vibration sensing unit 4 and the energy conversion unit 3 are respectively electrically connected to the storage control unit 5.

[0082] Among them, the vibration sensing unit 4 is used to acquire external vibration signals and generate alternating current signals; the energy conversion unit 3 is used to acquire external noise signals and generate alternating current signals, and the storage control unit 5 is used to acquire the alternating current signals generated by the vibration sensing unit 4 and the energy conversion unit 3 respectively, generate electric energy to supply power to an external load based on the alternating current signals, and obtain the intensities of external vibration and noise.

[0083] The acoustic resonance cavity 23 in the monitoring housing 2 can cause sounds of specific frequencies to resonate in the cavity, so that the energy conversion unit receives stronger noise signals, improving the acquisition efficiency of the noise signals by the energy conversion unit 3 and further increasing the overall energy output of the system.

[0084] The monitoring housing 2 includes: a monitoring outer shell 21 and a monitoring base 22, which are hermetically connected to form an acoustic resonance cavity 23;

[0085] The horizontal cross-sections of the monitoring outer shell 21 and the monitoring base 22 are both circular or regular polygons, and the ratio of the height of the monitoring outer shell 21 to the diameter of its inscribed circle is 2:1.

[0086] The circular / regular polygon structure of the monitoring outer shell 21 can evenly distribute the sound wave reflection paths and avoid sound wave interference losses; the ratio of the height to the diameter of its inscribed circle being 2:1 is close to the classical ratio of a Helmholtz resonator, which can form efficient resonance in a specific frequency band, enhance the sound pressure level in the cavity, and thus improve the noise energy capture ability of the energy conversion unit, especially suitable for energy collection in a narrowband noise environment.

[0087] The outer surface of the sound input unit 1 is a conical surface, a pyramidal surface or a conical spiral surface, and the spiral angle direction of the conical spiral surface is left-handed or right-handed, and the spiral angle is 10° - 15°;

[0088] The small opening end of the sound input unit 1 is arranged inward, and its large opening end is hermetically connected to the inner side of the monitoring outer shell 21; the area ratio of the large opening to the small opening can be 2 - 3:1; the ratio of the height of the outer surface of the sound input unit 1 to the diameter of the inscribed circle of its large opening end is between 1:1.2 - 1.5.

[0089] Among them, the sound input unit 1 adopts a structure that gradually expands from the inside to the outside, which can effectively converge external sound waves into the cavity and enhance the sound pressure level entering the resonance cavity by using the acoustic diffusion principle; compared with the straight tube design, this gradually changing inner diameter structure can guide more sound energy to concentrate on the energy conversion unit, especially having better capture ability for low-frequency sound waves and significantly improving the noise energy collection efficiency.

[0090] The sound input unit 1 is designed with a conical surface, a pyramidal surface, or a conical spiral surface shape in combination with a 10°-15° helix angle, which can guide the incident sound wave along a spiral trajectory to the acoustic resonance cavity. This structure utilizes the principle of spiral diversion. On the one hand, it prolongs the propagation path of the sound wave in the cavity, increasing the interaction time between the sound wave and the energy conversion unit. On the other hand, the spiral trajectory helps to disperse the reflection direction of the sound wave, reducing interference loss. Especially for broadband noise, it has a more efficient capturing ability, improving the overall energy harvesting efficiency.

[0091] The gradually changing channel length of the sound input unit 1 is moderate. It can not only make full use of the reflection and superposition effect of the sound wave in the expanding pipeline to increase the sound pressure level, but also avoid energy attenuation caused by too long a channel. This ratio range matches the wavelength characteristics of common environmental noise, and can effectively guide the sound wave to form a stable standing wave in the cavity, enhancing the sound energy reception efficiency of the energy conversion unit.

[0092] See Appendix Figure 4 , the energy conversion unit 3 described includes: a piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and a support base 32, and the support base 32 is connected to the vibration sensing unit 4;

[0093] The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 is provided with a spherical crown space, which is communicated with the acoustic resonance cavity 23; the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 utilizes the bending characteristics of the spherical crown space to keep the piezoelectric material in a continuous state of elastic deformation preparation, for obtaining external noise signals and generating noise alternating current signals;

[0094] The ratio of the height of the spherical crown space to the diameter of its large opening end is between 1:10 - 20; the area ratio of the large opening end of the spherical crown space to the horizontal cross-section of the acoustic resonance cavity 23 is between 1:3 - 7.

[0095] Among them, the spherical crown space of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 pre-applies a constant mechanical stress field to the built-in piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 through a unique geometric shape. This prestress state is not a simple external force loading, but utilizes the spatial curvature characteristics of the spherical crown surface to keep the piezoelectric material in a continuous state of elastic deformation preparation. When environmental noise (such as dynamic excitation sources like sound wave vibration and mechanical tremor) acts, the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure under prestress conditions exhibits a significant non-linear mechanical response. Compared with the non-prestress state, it can generate a structural deformation amount several times that of the conventional state; in addition, the shape ratio of the spherical crown space can control the standing wave distribution of the sound wave, forming a high energy density area within a specific frequency band, significantly improving the sound-electricity conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric material, especially suitable for narrowband noise energy harvesting.

[0096] See Appendix Figure 5 - Appendix Figure 7 , there are three vibration sensing units 4, which are evenly distributed on the monitoring base 22 and can sense external vibration signals from different angles and directions;

[0097] The described vibration sensing unit 4 includes: a hammer-shaped bracket 41, a conical bracket 42, a trough-shaped bracket 43, a first flexible piezoelectric shim 44, a second flexible piezoelectric shim 45, and a third flexible piezoelectric shim 46;

[0098] The upper end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 is vertically connected to the support base 32, and the trough-shaped bracket 43 is horizontally arranged and fixed on the monitoring base 22;

[0099] One side of the lower end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 is connected to the small head end of the conical bracket 42 through the first flexible piezoelectric shim 44; the first flexible piezoelectric shim 44 is inclined inwardly;

[0100] The other side of the lower end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 is connected to one end of the trough-shaped bracket 43 through the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46, and the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46 is inclined outwardly;

[0101] The other end of the trough-shaped bracket 43 is connected to the large head end of the conical bracket 42 through the second flexible piezoelectric shim 45, and the second flexible piezoelectric shim 45 is vertically arranged; thus forming a closed-loop structure;

[0102] Among them, the first flexible piezoelectric shim 44 and the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46 are used to obtain vibration signals in the vertical direction of external vibration and generate alternating current signals, and the second flexible piezoelectric shim 45 is used to obtain vibration signals in the horizontal direction of external vibration and generate alternating current signals.

[0103] The described trough-shaped bracket 43 is composed of a first connecting rod 432, a second connecting rod 433, and a third connecting rod 431. The first connecting rod 432 is horizontally arranged and fitted into the positioning groove 221 of the monitoring base 22; the second connecting rod 433 is vertically arranged with respect to the first connecting rod 432 and is connected to the second flexible piezoelectric shim 45; the third connecting rod 431 is arranged at an acute angle with the first connecting rod 432, taking 50° - 70°, and is connected to the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46.

[0104] The connection parts of the hammer-shaped bracket 41, the conical bracket 42, the trough-shaped bracket 43 and the flexible piezoelectric shims are all double-bevel clamping structures.

[0105] Among them, multiple evenly distributed vibration sensing units 4 are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the monitoring base, so that the system can comprehensively capture vibrations in all directions, avoiding information omission or insufficient energy collection caused by a single vibration direction; for example, in a complex industrial environment, equipment may generate vibrations in multiple directions, and multiple vibration sensing units can ensure effective monitoring and energy conversion of these vibrations.

[0106] The hammer-shaped bracket 41, the conical bracket 42, and the groove-shaped bracket 43 are interconnected to form a stable mechanical closed-loop structure; the fitting and limiting of the groove-shaped bracket 43 with the positioning groove of the monitoring base 22 further enhances the stability of the overall structure, reducing signal errors or equipment damage caused by structural looseness during vibration. Even in the case of strong vibration, this structure can remain relatively stable, ensuring that each flexible piezoelectric shim can work properly, improving the reliability and service life of the system; for example: in an environment with both horizontal and oblique vibrations, the groove-shaped bracket 43 can transmit these complex vibration signals to the corresponding flexible piezoelectric shims respectively, enabling them to convert vibration energy into electrical energy more fully.

[0107] The double-inclined-plane clamping structure and dimensional design of the hammer-shaped bracket 41, the conical bracket 42, and the groove-shaped bracket 43 can effectively transmit external vibration to the piezoelectric shim and cause the piezoelectric shim to generate a larger vibration displacement, thereby outputting more electrical energy.

[0108] The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31, the first flexible piezoelectric shim 44, the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46, and the second flexible piezoelectric shim 45 are composed of piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric thin films, or piezoelectric fibers.

[0109] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 is made of a piezoelectric fiber composite material. The first flexible piezoelectric shim 44, the second flexible piezoelectric shim 45, and the third flexible piezoelectric shim 46 have the same structure, which is made of piezoelectric ceramic particles embedded in a flexible polymer matrix, having a certain flexibility and elasticity, capable of bending or deforming when subjected to an external force, and being able to return to its original shape after the force disappears.

[0110] See Appendix Figure 8 and Appendix Figure 9 , the storage control unit 5 includes: a controller, a rectifier filter module, an energy storage capacitor, and a DC-DC conversion module;

[0111] The controller is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31, three first flexible piezoelectric shims 44, three second flexible piezoelectric shims 45, and three third flexible piezoelectric shims 46 respectively, and its positive and negative poles are connected to the controller; it is used to obtain the generated noisy alternating current signal and vibration alternating current signal, and based on the noisy alternating current signal and vibration alternating current signal, obtain the intensity of external vibration and noise;

[0112] The controller uses a wireless integrated MCU. The core architecture of the wireless integrated MCU includes a dual-core Cortex-M33, a PowerQuad coprocessor, and a multi-protocol wireless module, supporting hardware-accelerated FFT, filtering, and matrix operations;

[0113] A rectifying and filtering circuit is provided at the front stage of the wireless integrated MCU, which is used to convert the alternating current signal to be processed into a direct current signal;

[0114] The rectifying and filtering module is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and multiple flexible piezoelectric shrapnel in the vibration sensing unit 4 respectively. In practical applications, the external vibration and noise are unstable and random, resulting in the generated alternating current signal also having uncertainty. The rectifying and filtering module can convert these irregular alternating currents into smooth and stable direct currents, ensuring the reliable operation of the entire system.

[0115] The energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the rectifying and filtering module, and the energy storage capacitor is used for storing the electrical energy of the direct current signal.

[0116] Due to the intermittent and unstable energy of the external vibration and noise, when the energy is generated, the energy storage capacitor can store the excess electrical energy in time; when the generated energy is insufficient, the energy storage capacitor can release the stored electrical energy to provide continuous power support for the controller and external loads; this energy storage and buffering mechanism ensures that the system can operate stably under different energy input conditions and improves the energy utilization efficiency.

[0117] The DC - DC conversion module is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, the controller and the external load respectively, and the DC - DC conversion module is used to obtain the direct current signal and perform characteristic transformation.

[0118] The DC - DC conversion module can, according to actual needs, perform voltage conversion on the direct current output by the energy storage capacitor to make it meet the voltage requirements of the controller and the external load; for example, the controller may require a lower working voltage, while some external loads may require a higher voltage. The DC - DC conversion module can flexibly adjust the voltage to achieve voltage adaptation, improving the compatibility and versatility of the system.

[0119] See Appendix Figure 10 , in this embodiment, the noise and vibration energy collection systems can be arranged in an array, and the multiple energy collection systems arranged in an array form a redundant structure. If a certain collection system fails, the other collection systems can still continue to work, ensuring that the monitoring function of the system for noise and vibration will not be completely lost.

[0120] In this embodiment, the redundant design with array arrangement can improve the reliability of the system, reduce the risk of the entire system failure caused by a single component failure, and is applicable to application scenarios with high reliability requirements, such as long-term running environmental monitoring projects. The array arrangement enables the system to flexibly adjust the positions and parameters of each acquisition system according to the energy distribution characteristics of the actual environment. For example, in areas close to noise sources or with strong vibrations, the density of the acquisition system can be increased to collect energy more effectively; while in areas with relatively weak energy, the number of acquisition systems can be appropriately reduced. This flexible arrangement method improves the adaptability of the system to complex environments and ensures the high efficiency of energy acquisition.

[0121] In addition, a dynamic monitoring method for the controller applied to the above noise and vibration energy acquisition system is also provided, including:

[0122] First, perform frequency calibration and signal marking on the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 in the energy conversion unit 3 and the flexible piezoelectric shrapnel in the vibration sensing unit 4;

[0123] Subsequently, in response to the external vibration energy judgment request data, obtain the noise alternating current signal of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the vibration alternating current signals generated by three first flexible piezoelectric shrapnels 44, three second flexible piezoelectric shrapnels 45, and three third flexible piezoelectric shrapnels 46 respectively;

[0124] Then, based on the noise alternating current signal and the vibration alternating current signal, obtain the intensities of external vibration and noise, and transmit them to the control center through the internal wireless module;

[0125] Based on the obtained noise alternating current signal and vibration alternating current signal, the controller can calculate the intensities of external vibration and noise; due to the characteristics of piezoelectric materials, these electrical signals have a certain corresponding relationship with the intensities of external vibration and noise. Through reasonable algorithms and models for analysis and processing, relatively accurate intensity values can be obtained; this provides reliable data support for subsequent decision-making and control, and wireless transmission can quickly send the data to the control center, ensuring the real-time nature of the data;

[0126] Finally, the control center can make timely responses according to the received latest data, such as adjusting the operating state of the device, sending out warning signals, etc.

[0127] Place the device system of the present invention in the measured environment. The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 in the energy conversion unit 3 is used to sense external noise signals, and the vibration sensing unit 4 is used to sense external vibration signals.

[0128] Under the excitation of external vibration, the three groups of flexible piezoelectric shrapnels in the vibration sensing unit 4 output a total of nine electrical signals, marked as follows:

[0129] , ,

[0130] , ,

[0131] In the formula, A, B, and C respectively represent the vibration displacement matrices of the nine flexible piezoelectric wafers on the three vibration sensing units 4; A', B', and C' respectively represent the output voltage matrices of the nine flexible piezoelectric wafers on the three vibration sensing units; p ij respectively represents the vibration displacement of each flexible piezoelectric wafer in its normal direction; V ij respectively represents the output voltage of each flexible piezoelectric wafer (i = 1, 2, 3; j = 1, 2, 3).

[0132] See Appendix Figure 3 and Appendix Figure 11 , the intensities of the external vibration and noise include: the intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction, the intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction, and the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity 23;

[0133] The intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction is obtained through formulas (1) and (2):

[0134] (1)

[0135] (2)

[0136] Where: F1 is the intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction; θ is the direction angle of the external vibration in the horizontal direction; m is the equivalent mass of the flexible piezoelectric wafer; c is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric wafer; k is the equivalent stiffness of the flexible piezoelectric wafer; α is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric wafer; C P represents the equivalent capacitance of the flexible piezoelectric wafer; R represents the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit in the vibration sensing unit.

[0137] The intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction is obtained through formulas (3), (4), (5), and (6):

[0138] (3)

[0139] (4)

[0140] (5)

[0141] (6)

[0142] Where: F2 is the intensity of external vibration in the vertical direction; φ is the installation angle of the third flexible piezoelectric chip with respect to the vertical direction; ψ is the installation angle of the first flexible piezoelectric chip with respect to the vertical direction;

[0143] And further perform data conversion on formulas (1)-(6) to obtain the deflection angles of the three hammer-shaped brackets 41 as:

[0144] , ,

[0145] Where: γ i (i = 1, 2, 3) represents the deflection angle of the hammer-shaped bracket after being excited by the external excitation.

[0146] The excitation intensity of the acoustic resonance cavity for transmitting noise is obtained through formulas (7) and (8):

[0147] (7)

[0148] (8)

[0149] Where: F3 is the excitation intensity transmitted from the hammer-shaped bracket to the energy conversion unit; F4 is the excitation intensity of the acoustic resonance cavity for transmitting noise; z is the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; V is the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; m' is the equivalent mass of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; c' is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; k' is the equivalent stiffness of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; α' is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; C P ' is the equivalent capacitance of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; R' is the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit.

[0150] In summary, the noise and vibration energy harvesting system of the present invention integrates a vibration sensing unit, an energy conversion unit, and a sound input unit in a monitoring housing with an acoustic resonance cavity, and is arranged in sequence along a specific direction, realizing the simultaneous harvesting of vibration energy and noise energy; this integrated design makes the system structure compact, can process two different forms of energy, vibration and noise, simultaneously, has multifunctionality, and greatly improves the energy harvesting efficiency and application range compared with traditional single-energy harvesting devices; in the actual environment, vibration and noise often exist simultaneously and vary diversely, and this system can continuously collect energy under different environmental conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of energy supply. Whether in industrial and construction sites with frequent vibrations or in high-speed roads and rail transit environments with high noise, it can work effectively, improving the application range and practicality of the system.

Claims

1. A noise and vibration energy collection system, characterized in that, Comprising: A monitoring housing (2), a sound input unit (1), an energy conversion unit (3), at least three vibration sensing units (4), and a storage control unit (5); The monitoring housing (2) includes: a monitoring outer shell (21) and a monitoring base (22); The energy conversion unit (3) includes: a piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) and a support base (32); The vibration sensing unit (4) includes: A hammer-shaped bracket (41), a conical bracket (42), a groove-shaped bracket (43), a first flexible piezoelectric shrapnel (44), a second flexible piezoelectric shrapnel (45), and a third flexible piezoelectric shrapnel (46); The groove-shaped bracket (43) is composed of a first connecting rod (432), a second connecting rod (433), and a third connecting rod (431); The second connecting rod (433) is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod (432) at a 90° angle, and the third connecting rod (431) is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod (432) at an acute angle of 50° - 70°; Both ends of the second flexible piezoelectric shrapnel (45) are fixedly connected to the second connecting rod (433) and the conical bracket (42) respectively; Both ends of the third flexible piezoelectric shrapnel (46) are fixedly connected to the conical bracket (42) and the large head end of the hammer-shaped bracket (41) respectively; Both ends of the first flexible piezoelectric shrapnel (44) are fixedly connected to the third connecting rod (431) and the large head end of the hammer-shaped bracket (41) respectively; The intersection of the longitudinal extension lines of the first flexible piezoelectric shrapnel (44) and the third flexible piezoelectric shrapnel (46) is on the axis of the hammer-shaped bracket 41; The first connecting rod (432) of the vibration sensing unit (4) is fixed on the connection line between the center of the monitoring base (22) and the periphery of the monitoring base (22); the small head end of the hammer-shaped bracket (41) is perpendicularly and fixedly connected to the support base (32); The sound input unit (1) is arranged above the monitoring outer shell (21) and above the energy conversion unit (3); The flexible piezoelectric shrapnel of the vibration sensing unit (4) and the energy conversion unit (3) are respectively electrically connected to the storage control unit (5).

2. A noise and vibration energy collection system according to claim 1, wherein: The monitoring housing (2) includes: a monitoring outer shell (21) and a monitoring base (22), which are hermetically connected to form an acoustic resonance cavity (23); The horizontal cross-section of the monitoring outer shell (21) and the monitoring base (22) is circular or regular polygon, and the ratio of the height of the monitoring outer shell (21) to the diameter of its inscribed circle is 2:

1.

3. A noise and vibration energy collection system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The outer surface of the sound input unit (1) is a conical surface, a pyramid surface, or an imitation conical spiral surface. If it is an imitation conical spiral surface, its spiral angle is 10° - 15°; The small opening end of the sound input unit (1) faces inward, and its large opening end is hermetically connected to the inner side of the monitoring outer shell (21); The ratio of the area of the large opening to the small opening is 2 - 3:1; the ratio of the height of the outer surface of the sound input unit (1) to the diameter of the inscribed circle of its large opening end is 1:1.2 - 1.

5.

4. A noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) is provided with a spherical crown space, which is communicated with the acoustic resonance cavity (23); The piezoelectric material in the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) is in a continuous elastic deformation preparation state, acquires external noise signals and converts them into alternating current signals; The ratio of the height of the spherical crown space to the diameter of its large opening end is 1:10 - 20; the area ratio of the large opening end of the spherical crown space to the horizontal cross-section of the acoustic resonance cavity (23) is 1:3 - 7.

5. A noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vibration sensing unit (4) is uniformly arranged on the monitoring base (22).

6. A noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31), the first flexible piezoelectric shim (44), the third flexible piezoelectric shim (46) and the second flexible piezoelectric shim (45) are composed of piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric thin films or piezoelectric fibers.

7. A noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The storage control unit (5) includes: a controller, a rectifying and filtering module, an energy storage capacitor and a DC - DC conversion module; The controller is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) and the flexible piezoelectric shims in the vibration sensing unit (4) respectively, and its positive and negative poles are connected to the controller respectively. The controller acquires the alternating current signals generated by the vibration sensing unit (4) and the energy conversion unit (3), generates electric energy to supply power to an external load, and obtains the intensities of external vibration and noise; The rectifying and filtering module is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) and the flexible piezoelectric shims in the vibration sensing unit (4) respectively, and converts the alternating current signal to be processed into a direct current signal; The energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the rectifying and filtering module, and the energy storage capacitor is used for storing the electric energy of the direct current signal; The DC - DC conversion module is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, the controller and the external load respectively, and the DC - DC conversion module is used for acquiring the direct current signal and performing characteristic transformation.

8. A dynamic monitoring method for a noise and vibration energy harvesting system, characterized in that: Using a noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 7: 1) Perform frequency calibration and signal marking on the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) in the energy conversion unit (3) and the flexible piezoelectric shims in the vibration sensing unit (4); 2) The rectifying and filtering module and the controller respond to the external vibration energy judgment request data, and acquire the noise alternating current signal of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) and the vibration alternating current signal of the flexible piezoelectric shim; 3) The controller filters and processes the noise alternating current signal and the vibration alternating current signal to obtain the intensities of external vibration and noise, and transmits them to the external control center through the internal wireless module; 4) The control center can make a feedback response in a timely manner according to the received latest data.

9. A dynamic monitoring method for a noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The intensity of the external vibration and noise includes: the intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction, the intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction, and the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity; The intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction is obtained through Formula (1) and Formula (2): （1） （2） Where: F1 is the intensity of external vibration in the horizontal direction, θ is the direction angle of external vibration in the horizontal direction, m is the equivalent mass of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; c is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; k is the equivalent stiffness of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; α is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; C P represents the equivalent capacitance of the flexible piezoelectric diaphragm; R represents the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit in the vibration sensing unit; pij respectively represent the vibration displacement of the j-th flexible piezoelectric diaphragm on the i-th vibration sensing unit in its normal direction; Vij respectively represent the output voltage of the j-th flexible piezoelectric diaphragm on the i-th vibration sensing unit (i = 1, 2, 3; j = 1, 2, 3); The intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction is obtained through Formula (3), Formula (4), Formula (5), and Formula (6): （3） （4） （5） （6） Where: F2 is the intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction, φ is the installation angle of the third flexible piezoelectric chip with respect to the vertical direction, and ψ is the installation angle of the first flexible piezoelectric chip with respect to the vertical direction; The excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity is obtained through Formula (7) and Formula (8): （7） （8） Where: F3 is the excitation intensity transmitted from the hammer-shaped bracket to the energy conversion unit; F4 is the excitation intensity of the acoustic resonance cavity transmitting noise, z is the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure, V is the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; m' is the equivalent mass of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure, c' is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; k' is the equivalent stiffness of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; α' is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; C P ' is the equivalent capacitance of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; R' is the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit.

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