Metal mine underground advanced water detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to a metal mine underground advanced water detection method, which comprises the following steps: S1, pre-judging the range and the relative position of a water source by adopting a transient electromagnetic method, S2, verifying the range and the relative position of the pre-judged water source by adopting a drilling method, S3, verifying by adopting short detection, and S4, carrying out metal analysis and comprehensive evaluation on data obtained in the S1, the S2 and the S3, so as to obtain an advanced water detection result. S5, integrating the hydrological information data in the step S4 to construct a water source distribution model, and evaluating the hydrogeological risk of the advanced region; according to a forecasting system of geophysical prospecting, drilling verification and comparison after excavation, namely a transient electromagnetic method, a drilling long-distance detection method and a down-hole detection method, the precision and efficiency of underground advanced forecasting are improved, and the risk of water inrush is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of mine hydrogeological exploration, and particularly to a method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines. Background Art

[0002] During underground mining operations, there are a large number of fracture zones, faults, aquifers, etc. During the mining process, these geological structures are often penetrated, or even the aquifer is directly penetrated. The developed fissures and fracture zones form a water-conducting structure that conducts the water in the aquifer into the roadway, threatening the roadway; when directly penetrating the aquifer, it may cause stress release and result in water inrush, shaft flooding and other accidents. Once a water inrush accident occurs, it may lead to catastrophic consequences underground, seriously threatening the lives of mine workers and causing serious economic losses. The traditional underground water exploration method uses the drilling method, which is divided into long exploration and short exploration. On the one hand, the drilling method is limited by the detection depth. Although the drill can provide relatively accurate hydrogeological information, the cost is high and the time is long, with certain limitations; in the prior art, the transient electromagnetic method is used for detection. Although the transient electromagnetic method is suitable for large-scale and all-round detection and has a short detection period, it cannot directly provide information such as the specific location of the water source and water pressure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an underground advanced geological prediction method that can comprehensively utilize various detection means, improve the water exploration accuracy and detection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve or partially solve the problems existing in the related art, this application provides a method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines, which can effectively predict the hydrogeological conditions around the mine, avoid the occurrence of mine water inrush accidents, and ensure the safety of underground operations and the sustainability of mine exploitation.

[0004] This application discloses a method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines, including the following steps:

[0005] S1: Use the transient electromagnetic method to predict the scope and relative position of the water source. Use the transient electromagnetic method to conduct large-scale hydrogeological exploration on the suspicious area, arrange a "well" - shaped electrode array at the heading of the position to be driven, with the physical exploration point spacing of 30 - 50 cm, and analyze the electrical changes underground using the transient electromagnetic signal to judge the position and scope of the aquifer and the data of the fragmentation degree of the aquifer rock;

[0006] S2: Use the drilling method to verify the scope and relative position of the predicted water source. For the abnormal area detected by the transient electromagnetic method and the area with abnormal fracture zones or potential water inrush risks found during the geophysical exploration stage, conduct long-distance drilling verification to obtain detailed data on the water pressure, water volume, and permeability of the water source;

[0007] S3: Adopt short exploration verification. According to the verification results, when the water volume increases, obtain the preliminary distribution of the groundwater layer ahead through short exploration, and judge whether there is a water inrush hazard based on the water level and flow data.

[0008] S4: Analyze and comprehensively evaluate the data obtained in steps S1, S2, and S3. The data in step S1 includes the water source distribution and potential water layers, fracture zones, and fault information; the data in step S2 includes the detailed water pressure, flow rate, and water source type data underground, and provides formation and lithology data; the data in step S3 includes the preliminary distribution of the groundwater layer in front of the mining face, water level, and flow rate.

[0009] S5: Construct a water source distribution model based on the hydrogeological information data in step S4, and evaluate the hydrogeological risks in the advanced area.

[0010] Optionally, in step S2, the drilling holes are arranged with the principle of "drill when in doubt", and their depth and position are determined according to the preliminary results of geophysical exploration. If water is found after drilling verification, obtain more detailed hydrogeological information such as the water pressure, water volume, and permeability of the water source through drilling, and formulate the next construction plan based on the hydrogeological information obtained by drilling, whether it is necessary to drill drain holes, pilot holes, and grouting holes to drain the groundwater before construction.

[0011] Optionally, in step S3, use a rock drilling jumbo to drill holes on the working face. The layout of the short exploration drill holes at the heading is in a "plum blossom shape". Some exploration holes utilize the blasting holes in the roadway blasting construction. After completion, observe whether water flows out of the working face. If water flows out, measure and record the water level and flow rate data.

[0012] Optionally, in step 3, conduct a preliminary assessment of the hydrogeological conditions in front of the mine by setting multiple short exploration holes. The depth of the short exploration holes is 3m - 5m. Obtain the preliminary distribution of the groundwater layer ahead through short exploration, and judge whether there is a water inrush hazard based on the measured water level and flow rate data.

[0013] Optionally, in step S4, construct a three-dimensional position model diagram of the current area based on the water source distribution and potential water layers, fracture zones, and fault information.

[0014] Optionally, in step S5, take corresponding placement measures according to the evaluation results, including grouting reinforcement. In the case of finding a strong water infiltration layer, adopt grouting water blocking technology to prevent the water source from infiltrating into the mine and reduce the mine drainage cost; and improve all equipment and facilities of the drainage system to meet the external drainage requirements of the mine water inrush and prevent water accumulation from affecting underground operations; and real-time monitoring and early warning. Combine the data of advanced water exploration to establish a hydrogeological monitoring system, real-time monitor the changes of underground water sources, and achieve early warning and early prevention.

[0015] The technical solution provided by this application may include one of the following beneficial effects:

[0016] By using the three exploration methods in combination, the accuracy of water exploration is improved. A single drilling or geophysical exploration prediction cannot accurately detect the hydrogeological information in front of the working face. However, by adopting the concept of "mainly geophysical exploration, verified by drilling, and compared after excavation" for water exploration and drainage, that is, by using the transient electromagnetic method, long-distance drilling method, and short drilling method, accurate data of groundwater can be obtained from multiple dimensions and all directions, greatly improving the accuracy of advanced water exploration.

[0017] Using the geophysical exploration prediction of the transient electromagnetic method can quickly predict the water-richness of the strata in front of the heading face. When the prediction risk is small, combined with the understanding of the mine geological conditions, the implementation of drilling can be reduced. The combination of some short exploration holes and blast holes can reduce repeated drilling and improve the efficiency of advanced geological prediction and reduce costs.

[0018] By synthesizing the results of the three water exploration methods, the hydrogeological conditions around the mine can be accurately predicted, potential water inrush hazards can be discovered in time, and countermeasures can be taken in advance, thus effectively reducing the occurrence of water inrush accidents during the mine mining process.

[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit this application. Description of the Drawings

[0020] By describing the exemplary embodiments of this application in more detail in combination with the drawings, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of this application will become more obvious. Among them, in the exemplary embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components.

[0021] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the method shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the layout of the transient electromagnetic method for detecting the heading face shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 is the plan view of the detection and measurement results of the transient electromagnetic method shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 is the sectional view of the detection and measurement results of the transient electromagnetic method shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 is the layout diagram of the drilling holes shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 6 is the drilling design diagram shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 7 is the layout diagram of the short exploration drill holes at the heading face shown in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0029] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used in the present application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present application, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0030] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0031] Unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] In view of the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, a method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines includes the following steps:

[0034] S1: Use the transient electromagnetic method to predict the scope and relative position of the water source. The transient electromagnetic method is a method that uses an ungrounded loop or a grounded current source to emit a primary pulsed magnetic field into the ground, and during the intermittent period of the primary pulsed magnetic field, a coil or a grounded electrode is used to observe the secondary induced eddy current field caused in the underground medium, thereby detecting the resistivity of the medium. Its basic working method is: set an emission coil passing a certain waveform current on the ground or in the air, so as to generate a primary electromagnetic field in the surrounding space and generate an induced current in the underground conductive rock ore body; after power-off, the induced current decays with time due to heat loss. The transient electromagnetic method can effectively detect the conductivity distribution of groundwater, thereby inferring the scope and relative position of the water source. The transient electromagnetic method has the advantages of being fast, efficient, and non-destructive, and can timely obtain the depth distribution information of groundwater, especially suitable for rapid detection and saving time costs. First, use the transient electromagnetic method to conduct a large-scale hydrogeological exploration of the suspected area, and arrange a "well" - shaped electrode array at the heading of the planned tunneling position as Figure 2 shown. The spacing between geophysical exploration points is 30 - 50 cm. Use the transient electromagnetic signal to analyze the electrical changes underground, judge the position and scope of the aquifer, and the degree of fragmentation of the aquifer rock, and converge this information into part of the water level data as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown. During the process of using the transient electromagnetic method for detection, when an abnormal area is encountered, it cannot be directly judged, and verification is still required, and proceed to step S2 of this method.

[0035] S2: Use the drilling method to verify the scope and relative position of the predicted water source. For the abnormal areas detected by the transient electromagnetic method, and for the areas with abnormal fracture zones or potential water inrush risks found during the geophysical exploration stage, long-distance drilling verification is carried out. The layout of the boreholes adheres to the principle of exploring when there is doubt, and its depth and position are determined according to the preliminary results of the geophysical exploration for borehole design as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown. If water is found after drilling verification, more detailed groundwater information can be obtained through drilling, especially detailed data such as the water pressure, water volume, and permeability of the water source. According to the hydrogeological information obtained from drilling, the next construction plan is formulated, such as drilling drainage holes, pilot holes, grouting holes, etc. to drain the groundwater and then proceed with the construction. The borehole drilling work generally uses a special water exploration drill ZDY4500LX(D), and the drilling depth can generally be within 200 m. After the treatment of step S2, during the process, if the water volume increases or is uncertain, step S3 is still required for further verification.

[0036] S3: Use short exploration verification. According to the results verified in step S2, when the water volume increases, obtain the preliminary distribution of the groundwater layer in front through short exploration, and judge whether there is a water inrush hazard according to the water level and flow data. Specifically, when tunneling underground, use a rock drilling jumbo to drill holes on the working face as Figure 7As shown in the figure, the layout of the head-on short exploration drill holes generally presents a "plum blossom shape". Some exploration holes can utilize the blast holes in the roadway blasting construction to save the short exploration cost. After completion, observe whether there is water flowing out of the working face. By setting multiple short exploration holes (generally drill holes with a diameter less than 50 mm), the hydrogeological conditions in front of the mine are preliminarily evaluated. The depth of the short exploration holes is generally 3 m - 5 m. Through short exploration, the preliminary distribution of the groundwater layer in front is obtained, and based on data such as water level and flow rate, it is judged whether there is a risk of water inrush. In case of an emergency, it can be blocked to reduce the occurrence of mine flooding accidents. After steps S1, S2, and S3, the abnormal area information, the underlying information of the water source location, and information such as water level, flow rate, and water temperature in the detection area are aggregated. These information data also need to be aggregated and then proceed to step S4.

[0037] S4: Analyze and comprehensively evaluate the data obtained in step S1, step S2, and step S3. The data in step S1 includes the water source distribution and the location information of potential water layers, fracture zones, and faults; the data in step S2 includes the detailed water pressure, flow rate, and water source type data underground, and provides formation and lithology data; the data in step S3 includes the preliminary distribution of the groundwater layer in front of the working face, water level, and flow rate. After aggregating these information data, comprehensive hydrogeological information analysis is carried out. Based on the water source distribution and the information of potential water layers, fracture zones, and faults, a three-dimensional position model diagram of the current area is constructed, and then step S5 is carried out.

[0038] S5: Comprehensively construct a water source distribution model based on the hydrogeological information data in step S4, and evaluate the hydrogeological risks in the advanced area. Among them, corresponding prevention measures are taken according to the evaluation results, including grouting reinforcement. In the case of discovering a strong water infiltration layer, grouting water blocking technology is used to prevent the water source from infiltrating into the mine and reduce the mine drainage cost; and improve various equipment and facilities of the drainage system to meet the external drainage requirements of the mine water inrush and prevent water accumulation from affecting underground operations; and real-time monitoring and early warning. Combining the data of advanced water exploration, a hydrogeological monitoring system is established to monitor the changes of underground water sources in real time, so as to achieve early warning and early prevention.

[0039] By jointly using three exploration methods, the accuracy of water exploration is improved. A single drilling or geophysical prospecting forecast cannot accurately detect the hydrogeological information in front of the working face. However, by adopting the concept of "geophysical prospecting as the main, drilling verification, and comparison after excavation" for water exploration and drainage, that is, after using the transient electromagnetic method, long-distance drilling method, and short drilling method, accurate data of groundwater can be obtained from multiple dimensions and all directions, greatly improving the accuracy of advanced water exploration.

[0040] Using geophysical prospecting and forecasting with the transient electromagnetic method can quickly predict the water-richness of the strata in front of the heading face. When the forecast risk is small, combined with the understanding of the mine geological conditions, the drilling implementation can be reduced. The combination of some short exploration holes and blast holes can reduce repeated drilling and improve the efficiency of advanced geological forecasting and reduce costs.

[0041] Combining the results of the three water exploration methods can accurately predict the hydrogeological conditions around the mine, timely detect potential water inrush hazards, and take countermeasures in advance, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of water inrush accidents during the mine exploitation process.

[0042] Finally, it should also be noted that in this article, relationships such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "including", "comprising" or any other variant are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0043] The unit described as a separate component may or may not be physically separated, and the component shown as a unit may or may not be a physical unit, that is, it may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0044] The embodiments of the present application have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The choice of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or the improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable other ordinary technicians in the technical field to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Use transient electromagnetic method to predict the scope and relative position of water sources, use transient electromagnetic method to conduct large-scale hydrogeological detection of suspicious areas, and set up a "well"-shaped electrode array in the direction of the planned excavation location. The distance between the object detection points is 30 to 50 cm. Use transient electromagnetic signals to analyze the changes in underground electrical properties, determine the location and scope of the aquifer, and the degree of rock fragmentation in the aquifer; S2: Use drilling method to verify the range and relative position of the predicted water source. For abnormal areas detected by transient electromagnetic method, long-distance drilling verification is carried out in areas with abnormal fracture zones or potential water inrush risks found in the geophysical prospecting stage to obtain detailed data on water pressure, water volume and permeability of the water source; S3: Use short-distance probe verification. According to the verification results, when the water volume increases, obtain the preliminary distribution of the groundwater layer ahead through short-distance probe, and judge whether there is a hidden danger of water inrush based on the water level and flow data; S4: metal analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the data obtained in step S1, step S2, and step S3. The data in step S1 include water source distribution and potential water layers, fracture zones, and fault information; the data in step S2 include detailed water pressure, flow rate, and water source type data in the well, and provide formation and lithology data; the data in step S3 include preliminary distribution, water level, and flow rate of the groundwater layer in front of the mining face; S5: Integrate the hydrological information data in step S4 to construct a water source distribution model and evaluate the hydrogeological risks of the advanced area.

2. A method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the arrangement of the boreholes insists on exploration when in doubt, and the depth and position are determined based on the preliminary results of geophysical exploration. If water is found after drilling verification, more detailed hydrological information on water pressure, water volume, and permeability of the water source is obtained through drilling. The next construction plan is formulated based on the hydrological information obtained from drilling to determine whether it is necessary to drill drainage holes, guide holes, and grouting holes to drain the groundwater before proceeding with construction.

3. A method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, a drilling rig is used to drill holes on the working face. The short exploration holes are arranged in a "plum blossom shape". Some exploration holes use blasting holes from shaft and tunnel blasting construction. After completion, observe whether there is water flowing out of the working face. If there is water flowing out, measure and record the water level and flow data.

4. A method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, a preliminary assessment of the hydrological conditions in front of the mine is carried out by setting up multiple short exploration holes with a depth of 3m-5m. The preliminary distribution of the groundwater layer in front is obtained through short exploration, and whether there is a risk of water inrush is determined based on the measured water level and flow data.

5. The method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, a three-dimensional location model map of the current area is constructed based on the information of water source distribution and potential water layers, fracture zones, and faults.

6. The method for advanced water exploration in underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, corresponding placement measures are made according to the evaluated structure, including grouting reinforcement. When a strong permeable layer is found, grouting water blocking technology is used to prevent water from seeping into the mine and reduce the cost of mine drainage; and various equipment and facilities of the drainage system are improved to meet the needs of mine water discharge and prevent water accumulation from affecting underground operations; and real-time monitoring and early warning, combined with the data of advanced water exploration, a hydrological monitoring system is established to monitor the changes in underground water sources in real time, so as to achieve early warning and early prevention.

Images