Seed coating method, system and equipment based on intelligent packaging material and 4D printing technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a seed coating method, system and equipment based on an intelligent packaging material and a 4D printing technology. The seed coating method comprises the following steps: (1) a pretreatment stage; (2) a coating design stage; (3) a 4D coating printing stage; (4) an intelligent response stage; and (5) a post-treatment stage. According to the invention, accurate control of coating is realized through a 4D printing technology, and coating uniformity and functionality are improved; various functional components are combined, so that the integration of protection, nutrition and growth promotion functions is realized; intelligent release of functional components is achieved through the intelligent packaging material, and the utilization efficiency is improved; and a biodegradable material is used, so that the environmental pollution is reduced. Through precise structure control of 4D printing and dynamic response characteristics of an intelligent material, the problems that a traditional coating is poor in uniformity, insufficient in environmental protection property, low in intelligent degree and the like are systematically solved, and an innovative solution is provided for efficient planting of ginseng seeds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seed coating, and in particular to a seed coating method, system and device based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology. Background Art

[0002] Seed coating technology refers to the means of mechanical or manual processing to coat the surface of seeds with a seed coating agent containing various active ingredients and microenvironments required for seed germination and seedling growth according to different needs. Since the seed coating technology has a low use cost and high efficiency, it has become an effective way to achieve resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture in China. Therefore, it is also an important content that has been vigorously promoted by the agricultural and forestry departments in China in recent years. Importantly, the coating technology of ginseng seeds is an important means to improve the seed germination rate, disease resistance and stress resistance. However, compared with developed countries, the seed coating technology in China is still relatively backward, and the traditional coating technology has the following problems:

[0003] 1. Poor coating uniformity: It is difficult to achieve precise control of coating by traditional methods;

[0004] 2. Single function: It is difficult to integrate multiple functions (such as disease prevention, nutrition, and growth promotion);

[0005] 3. Insufficient environmental protection: The coating material is difficult to degrade and pollutes the environment;

[0006] 4. Low degree of intelligence: It is impossible to achieve intelligent release of functional components according to environmental changes;

[0007] The above drawbacks have led to the fact that the seed coating technology has not been widely promoted in China so far.

[0008] Therefore, to solve the above problems, the present invention systematically solves the pain points of poor traditional coating uniformity, insufficient environmental protection, low degree of intelligence, etc. through the precise structure control of 4D printing and the dynamic response characteristics of intelligent materials, and provides an innovative solution for the efficient planting of ginseng seeds. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention provides a seed coating method, system and device based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology.

[0010] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] A seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Pretreatment stage: Ultrasonically clean the seeds to ensure uniform adhesion of the coating material, disinfect with ultraviolet light or ozone, remove impurities and damaged seeds through vibrating sieving and hot air drying, and control the moisture content of the seeds;

[0013] (2) Coating design stage: Based on the three-dimensional scan data of the seeds and the target planting environment parameters, design a multi-layer coating structure and optimize the material distribution through finite element analysis;

[0014] (3) 4D printing coating stage: Use a 4D printer to layer by layer print the base layer, response layer, and functional layer through a multi-nozzle system, combined with instantaneous curing technology;

[0015] (4) Intelligent response stage: The coating triggers the release of the functional agent when the environmental conditions reach the preset threshold;

[0016] (5) Post-treatment stage: Use a fluidized bed drying system to remove the residual solvent, detect and eliminate seeds with a coating thickness deviation > 5% through a machine vision system, and finally vacuum package and store.

[0017] Preferably, in the step (1), the seeds include but are not limited to ginseng seeds, vegetable seeds, cereal seeds, or medicinal plant seeds; the temperature of the hot air circulation drying system is ≤ 40 °C, and the moisture content of the seeds is controlled ≤ 12%.

[0018] Preferably, in the step (2), the target planting environment parameters include the temperature and humidity of the target planting area, and the soil pH value; the multi-layer coating structure includes a protective layer, a nutrient layer, and a growth-promoting layer.

[0019] Preferably, in the step (1), the coating materials include:

[0020] (1) Intelligent packaging materials: At least one of the temperature-sensitive material poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), pH-sensitive material polyacrylic acid, or light-sensitive material azobenzene derivatives, and the response threshold is set according to the environment of the target planting area, and the response threshold is set to 25 °C;

[0021] (2) Biodegradable matrix: A composite of chitosan and polylactic acid (PLA), forming a porous and breathable structure;

[0022] (3) Functional additives: Microcapsules of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, rhizobium spores, and fluorescently labeled fungicides.

[0023] Preferably, in the step (3), the resolution of the 4D printer is 50 μm.

[0024] Preferably, in the step (3), the base layer is a chitosan matrix, the response layer is a composite layer of an environment-responsive material and a functional agent, and the functional layer is a fertilizer and microorganism functional layer;

[0025] Specifically, the base layer is a porous chitosan layer formed by electrospinning technology, and the porosity is controlled at 30-50%; the response layer is a composite of a temperature-sensitive material and a bactericide in a molecular cross-linking manner, and the thickness of the response layer is 20-50 μm; the functional layer is a mixture of fertilizer microcapsules with a particle size of 10-30 μm wrapped in PLA and surface-modified rhizobium spores printed together.

[0026] Preferably, in the step (4), the environmental conditions are temperature-triggered, humidity-responsive, and pH-sensitive release;

[0027] The functional agent includes at least one of pesticides, slow-release fertilizers, plant growth regulators, or beneficial microorganisms, and the survival rate of microorganisms is ≥90%.

[0028] Furthermore, for temperature-triggered release, when the soil temperature reaches a preset threshold, the temperature-sensitive material undergoes a phase change, the porosity increases, and the bactericide is rapidly released to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.

[0029] For humidity-responsive release, the chitosan matrix swells by absorbing water in a high-humidity environment, accelerating the rupture of the fertilizer microcapsules and promoting nutrient release; at the same time, the porous structure provides an oxygen and water exchange channel for rhizobia.

[0030] For pH-sensitive release, if the coating contains a pH-sensitive material such as polyacrylic acid, an alkaline regulator can be preferentially released in acidic soil to improve the rhizosphere microenvironment.

[0031] Preferably, in the step (5), the temperature of the drying system is 30-35 °C; the temperature for vacuum packaging and storage is ≤15 °C, and the humidity is ≤40%.

[0032] A seed coating system based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology includes: a digital twin platform, a PLC adaptive adjustment module, and an energy efficiency management module; among them,

[0033] The digital twin platform is used to collect nozzle pressure, temperature, and humidity data in real time through Internet of Things sensors and dynamically optimize printing parameters;

[0034] The PLC adaptive adjustment module is used to automatically adjust the printing speed and material flow according to the seed particle size and moisture content;

[0035] The energy efficiency management module is used for variable frequency drive technology, with a liquid medicine utilization rate ≥95% and a material consumption reduced by 30% compared with traditional equipment;

[0036] Among them, the printing speed is 0.1-5 mm / s, and the material flow has an accuracy of ±0.01 mL / min.

[0037] A seed coating device based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology includes: a multi-nozzle printing module, an environmental control unit, and a general seed adaptation system; among them,

[0038] The multi-nozzle printing module includes a biodegradable material nozzle, an environment-responsive material nozzle, and a functional agent nozzle, and the nozzle aperture is ≤ 50 μm;

[0039] The environment control unit integrates a temperature and humidity sensor and a pH detection module for dynamically adjusting printing parameters;

[0040] The general seed adaptation system can replace the fixture and nozzle configuration, and supports different types of seeds and coating processing with a particle size of 0.5 - 10 mm.

[0041] The present invention has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0042] (1) Precise control: The present invention realizes precise control of coating through 4D printing technology, improving coating uniformity and functionality;

[0043] (2) Multi-functional integration: The present invention combines multiple functional components to achieve the integration of protection, nutrition, and growth promotion functions;

[0044] (3) Intelligent release: The present invention realizes the intelligent release of functional components through intelligent packaging materials, improving utilization efficiency;

[0045] (4) Environmental protection and high efficiency: The present invention uses biodegradable materials, reducing environmental pollution. Description of the Drawings

[0046] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the seed coating method, system, and equipment based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0047] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] The present invention discloses a seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology, including the following steps:

[0049] (1) Pretreatment stage: Ultrasonically clean the seeds to ensure uniform attachment of the coating material, disinfect with ultraviolet light or ozone, remove impurities and damaged seeds through vibration screening and hot air drying, and control the seed moisture content;

[0050] (2) Coating design stage: Based on the three-dimensional scan data of the seeds and the target planting environment parameters, design a multi-layer coating structure and optimize the material distribution through finite element analysis;

[0051] (3) 4D printing coating stage: Using a 4D printer, the base layer, response layer, and functional layer are printed layer by layer through a multi-nozzle system, combined with instantaneous curing technology;

[0052] (4) Intelligent response stage: The coating triggers the release of the functional agent when the environmental conditions reach the preset threshold;

[0053] (5) Post-treatment stage: Using a fluidized bed drying system to remove residual solvents, detecting seeds with a coating thickness deviation > 5% through a machine vision system and rejecting them, and finally storing them in vacuum packaging.

[0054] In step (1), the seeds include but are not limited to ginseng seeds, vegetable seeds, cereal seeds, or medicinal plant seeds; the temperature of the hot air circulation drying system is ≤ 40 °C to control the seed moisture content ≤ 12%.

[0055] In step (2), the target planting environment parameters include the temperature, humidity, and soil pH value of the target planting area; the multi-layer coating structure includes a protective layer, a nutrient layer, and a growth-promoting layer.

[0056] In step (1), the coating materials include:

[0057] (1) Intelligent packaging materials: At least one of the temperature-sensitive material poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), pH-sensitive material polyacrylic acid, or light-sensitive material azobenzene derivatives, the response threshold is set according to the environment of the target planting area, and the response threshold is set to 25 °C;

[0058] (2) Biodegradable matrix: A composite of chitosan and polylactic acid (PLA) to form a porous and breathable structure;

[0059] (3) Functional additives: Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer microcapsules, rhizobium spores, and fluorescently labeled fungicides.

[0060] In step (3), the resolution of the 4D printer is 50 μm.

[0061] In step (3), the base layer is a chitosan matrix, the response layer is a composite layer of an environment-responsive material and a functional agent, and the functional layer is a fertilizer and microorganism functional layer;

[0062] Specifically, the base layer is formed into a porous chitosan layer through electrospinning technology, and the porosity is controlled at 30 - 50%; the response layer is a composite of a temperature-sensitive material and a fungicide in a molecular cross-linking manner, and the thickness of the response layer is 20 - 50 μm; the functional layer is a mixture of PLA-coated fertilizer microcapsules with a particle size of 10 - 30 μm and surface-modified rhizobium spores printed.

[0063] In step (4), the environmental conditions are temperature-triggered, humidity-responsive, and pH-sensitive release;

[0064] The functional agent includes at least one of pesticides, slow-release fertilizers, plant growth regulators, or beneficial microorganisms, and the microbial survival rate is ≥ 90%.

[0065] Temperature triggering means that when the soil temperature reaches a preset threshold, the thermosensitive material undergoes a phase change, the porosity increases, and the fungicide is rapidly released to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.

[0066] Humidity response means that the chitosan matrix swells by absorbing water in a high-humidity environment, accelerating the rupture of the fertilizer microcapsules and promoting nutrient release; at the same time, the porous structure provides an oxygen and water exchange channel for rhizobia.

[0067] pH-sensitive release means that if the coating contains a pH-sensitive material, such as polyacrylic acid, the alkaline regulator can be preferentially released in acidic soil to improve the rhizosphere microenvironment.

[0068] In step (5), the temperature of the drying system is 30 - 35 °C; the temperature for vacuum packaging and storage is ≤ 15 °C, and the humidity is ≤ 40%.

[0069] The present invention also discloses a seed coating system based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology, including: a digital twin platform, a PLC adaptive adjustment module, and an energy efficiency management module; among them,

[0070] The digital twin platform is used to collect nozzle pressure, temperature and humidity data in real time through Internet of Things sensors and dynamically optimize printing parameters;

[0071] The PLC adaptive adjustment module is used to automatically adjust the printing speed and material flow according to the seed particle size and moisture content;

[0072] The energy efficiency management module is used for variable frequency drive technology, with a liquid medicine utilization rate ≥ 95% and a material consumption reduced by 30% compared with traditional equipment;

[0073] Among them, the printing speed is 0.1 - 5 mm / s, and the material flow has an accuracy of ± 0.01 mL / min.

[0074] The present invention also discloses a seed coating device based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology, including: a multi-nozzle printing module, an environment control unit, and a general seed adaptation system; among them,

[0075] The multi-nozzle printing module includes a biodegradable material nozzle, an environment-responsive material nozzle, and a functional agent nozzle, and the nozzle aperture is ≤ 50 μm;

[0076] The environment control unit integrates temperature and humidity sensors and a pH detection module for dynamically adjusting printing parameters;

[0077] The general seed adaptation system can replace the fixture and nozzle configuration, and supports coating processing of different types of seeds and seeds with a particle size of 0.5 - 10 mm.

[0078] Example 1: Coating Materials, Intelligent Materials and Dynamic Response

[0079] 1. Intelligent packaging materials: Thermosensitive materials (such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)) are used to achieve intelligent release of pesticides when the temperature changes;

[0080] Using thermosensitive (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)), pH-sensitive or photosensitive materials as coating matrices, functional components such as fungicides and fertilizers can be dynamically released according to changes in soil temperature (triggered at 25°C), humidity or pH value, achieving precise control.

[0081] This solves the problem of low utilization efficiency caused by static release in traditional coating technologies.

[0082] 2. Biodegradable materials: Chitosan is used as the coating matrix to ensure environmental protection.

[0083] 3. Functional additives: Include fungicides, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and rhizobia.

[0084] Example 2: 4D Printing Coating

[0085] 1. Printing equipment: A high-precision 4D printer is used, with a printing resolution of 50 μm.

[0086] 2. Printing process:

[0087] The first layer: Print the chitosan matrix to form a basic coating;

[0088] The second layer: Print the thermosensitive material and fungicide to achieve intelligent release;

[0089] The third layer: Print fertilizers and rhizobia to provide nutrition and biological activity.

[0090] 3. 4D characteristics:

[0091] The coating releases fungicides when the soil temperature reaches 25°C, and releases fertilizers and rhizobia after seed germination.

[0092] Through a 4D printer with a high resolution of 50 μm, a three-layer structure is precisely coated:

[0093] The base layer (chitosan matrix), the response layer (thermosensitive material + fungicide), and the functional layer (fertilizer + rhizobia). The multi-layer structure design realizes the integration of protection, nutrition and growth promotion functions.

[0094] Compared with traditional mechanical coating machines (qualified rate < 92%), this technology significantly improves the coating uniformity.

[0095] Example 3: Coating Method

[0096] 1. Pretreatment: Clean and disinfect ginseng seeds;

[0097] 2. Coating design: Design a three - layer coating structure to achieve protection, nutrition, and growth - promoting functions respectively;

[0098] 3. 4D printing coating: Use a 4D printing device to accurately wrap the coating material on the seed surface;

[0099] 4. Post - treatment: Dry and conduct quality inspection on the coated seeds to ensure the uniformity and functionality of the coating.

[0100] In summary, the coating equipment is equipped with a digital twin platform and a PLC adaptive adjustment system to optimize the printing parameters (such as nozzle pressure, temperature, and humidity) in real - time. The utilization rate of the liquid medicine is ≥95%, and the material is saved by 30% compared with traditional equipment.

[0101] In the post - treatment stage, machine vision is used to detect the coating thickness deviation (seeds with a deviation > 5% are rejected) to ensure quality consistency. This technology systematically solves the problems of poor traditional coating uniformity, insufficient environmental protection, and low intelligence through the precise structure control of 4D printing and the dynamic response characteristics of intelligent materials, providing an innovative solution for the efficient planting of ginseng seeds.

[0102] The above - mentioned is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above - mentioned embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment stage: Ultrasonically clean the seeds to ensure uniform adhesion of the coating material, disinfect with ultraviolet light or ozone, remove impurities and damaged seeds through vibrating sieving and hot air drying, and control the moisture content of the seeds; (2) Coating design stage: Based on the three-dimensional scan data of the seeds and the target planting environment parameters, design a multi-layer coating structure and optimize the material distribution through finite element analysis; (3) 4D printing coating stage: Use a 4D printer to layer by layer print the base layer, response layer, and functional layer through a multi-nozzle system, combined with instantaneous curing technology; (4) Intelligent response stage: The coating triggers the release of the functional agent when the environmental conditions reach the preset threshold; (5) Post-treatment stage: Use a fluidized bed drying system to remove the residual solvent, detect and remove the seeds with a coating thickness deviation > 5% through a machine vision system, and finally store them in vacuum packaging.

2. The seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology according to claim 1, wherein In the step (1), the seeds include but are not limited to ginseng seeds, vegetable seeds, cereal seeds, or medicinal plant seeds; the temperature of the hot air circulation drying system is ≤ 40 °C, and the moisture content of the seeds is controlled ≤ 12%.

3. The seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology according to claim 1, wherein In the step (2), the target planting environment parameters include the temperature and humidity, and soil pH value of the target planting area; the multi-layer coating structure includes a protective layer, a nutrient layer, and a growth-promoting layer.

4. The seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology according to claim 1, wherein, In the step (1), the coating materials include: (1) Intelligent packaging materials: At least one of the temperature-sensitive material poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), pH-sensitive material polyacrylic acid, or light-sensitive material azobenzene derivatives, the response threshold is set according to the environment of the target planting area, and the response threshold is set to 25 °C; (2) Biodegradable matrix: A composite of chitosan and polylactic acid (PLA) to form a porous and breathable structure; (3) Functional additives: Microcapsules of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, rhizobium spores, and fluorescently labeled fungicides.

5. The seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (3), the resolution of the 4D printer is 50 μm.

6. The seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology according to claim 1, wherein In the step (3), the base layer is a chitosan matrix, the response layer is a composite layer of an environment-responsive material and a functional agent, and the functional layer is a fertilizer and microorganism functional layer; Specifically, the base layer is formed into a porous chitosan layer through electrospinning technology, and the porosity is controlled at 30 - 50%; the response layer is a composite of a temperature-sensitive material and a fungicide in a molecular cross-linking manner, and the thickness of the response layer is 20 - 50 μm; the functional layer is a mixture of fertilizer microcapsules with a particle size of 10 - 30 μm wrapped in PLA and surface-modified rhizobium spores for printing.

7. The seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology according to claim 1, wherein In the step (4), the environmental conditions are temperature-triggered, humidity-responsive, and pH-sensitive release; The functional agent includes at least one of pesticides, slow-release fertilizers, plant growth regulators, or beneficial microorganisms, and the survival rate of the microorganisms is ≥ 90%.

8. The seed coating method based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (5), the temperature of the drying system is 30 - 35 °C; the temperature of vacuum packaging storage is ≤ 15 °C, and the humidity is ≤ 40%.

9. A seed coating system based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology, characterized in that, It includes: A digital twin platform, a PLC adaptive adjustment module, and an energy efficiency management module; where The digital twin platform is used to collect the nozzle pressure, temperature, and humidity data in real time through Internet of Things sensors and dynamically optimize the printing parameters; The PLC adaptive adjustment module is used to automatically adjust the printing speed and material flow according to the seed particle size and moisture content; The energy efficiency management module is used for variable frequency drive technology, with a liquid medicine utilization rate ≥ 95% and a material consumption reduced by 30% compared to traditional equipment; Among them, the printing speed is 0.1 - 5 mm / s, and the material flow rate has an accuracy of ±0.01 mL / min.

10. Seed coating equipment based on intelligent packaging materials and 4D printing technology, characterized in that, It includes: Multi-nozzle printing module, environmental control unit, general seed adaptation system; among them, The multi-nozzle printing module includes a biodegradable material nozzle, an environmentally responsive material nozzle, and a functional agent nozzle, with a nozzle aperture ≤ 50 μm; The environmental control unit integrates a temperature and humidity sensor and a pH detection module for dynamically adjusting printing parameters; The general seed adaptation system can replace the fixture and nozzle configuration, supporting different types of seeds and coating processing with a particle size of 0.5 - 10 mm.

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