Preparation method and application of whole-stage feed for producing high-quality chicken without fishy odor

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a full-stage feed for producing high-quality chicken without fishy odor, and belongs to the field of chicken feed additives. The whole-stage feed additive provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight in the early growth stage: 10-20 parts of dandelion root flavone, 10-20 parts of carvacrol, 4-7 parts of oregano essential oil, 5-10 parts of cinnamyl aldehyde and 8-12 parts of ginsenoside; in the middle growth stage, 15-25 parts of compound enzyme, 7-10 parts of mannan oligosaccharide, 6-10 parts of rosmarinic acid, 9-12 parts of bile acid and 5-10 parts of resveratrol are prepared; in the later growth stage, 8-16 parts of folium cortex eucommiae extract, 10-15 parts of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 4-8 parts of organic microelements, 12-15 parts of safflower seed oil and 12-16 parts of branched chain amino acid are prepared. The full-stage feed additive provided by the invention can improve intestinal health, nutrient substance efficiency, muscle flavor substance deposition and the like of poultry, and finally realizes that chicken produced is free of fishy smell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of chicken feed additives, and particularly to a technical method and application for formulating a whole-stage feed for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of living standards, consumers are paying more and more attention to the healthiness of diet and tend to choose chicken with high protein, low fat and low calories as an important source of protein. With the upgrading of the domestic consumption structure and the improvement of residents' living standards, the market demand for fresh chicken is strong and the market scale is growing steadily. Among them, high-quality chicken without fishy smell, as a high-end product in the fresh chicken market, its market scale will also continue to grow.

[0003] The reasons for the fishy smell of chicken are various, including factors such as broiler breeds, control of breeding environment, types and freshness of feed raw materials, and slaughter, processing and storage. Specifically, the short growth cycle of fast-growing broilers results in insufficient deposition of some flavor substances, which is likely to increase the fishy smell of chicken. If the breeding density is too high and the accumulation of harmful gases and microorganisms in the house is excessive, it will also affect the meat quality and flavor of broilers. The increase in slaughter and transportation stress will also cause the deterioration of chicken flavor. Selecting high-quality breeds and reasonably controlling the slaughter age to ensure the best flavor of chicken; strengthening the management of the chicken house environment, maintaining appropriate temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions, and reducing the breeding density to reduce stress reactions and the accumulation of harmful substances. The use of too many inferior raw materials such as spoiled fish meal and fish oil scraps in the feed will also make the chicken produce a fishy smell. At present, the production of high-quality chicken without fishy smell mostly focuses on aspects such as environmental control and breeding methods, while relatively few on feed formulation technology. Selecting appropriate feed nutrition means is the key to improving chicken quality. For example, supplementing antioxidant substances such as VE and trace element selenium and Chinese herbal medicine extracts in the diet can effectively increase the tenderness and umami amino acid content of chicken, improve the meat flavor and reduce the fishy smell.

[0004] However, at present, most feed technologies mainly focus on the meat quality improvement technology of broilers in the late growth stage before slaughter, but the effect of reducing the fishy smell of broilers is generally average or uneven. For example, raising chickens with herbal additives can improve the flavors such as freshness, sweetness, and fragrance of chicken soup and remove the fishy smell. Adding 3% green tea powder or waste tea powder to the feed can significantly increase the content of vitamin A and vitamin E in chicken breast meat and also increase the freshness of the chicken meat. Feeding chickens with feed supplemented with flavoring spices such as cloves, pepper, ginger, and sweet peppers before slaughter can significantly improve the meat quality of the chicken, make the meat more fragrant, and taste better. Flavoring spices also have anti-corrosion and medicinal effects and can extend the shelf life of chicken. Supplementing chickens with antibiotics through drinking water will affect the flavor of the meat ([1] Zhao Wei. Adding spice plants to feed can improve the flavor of chicken [J]. Farmer's Advisor, 2009(2):1. DOI: CNKI:SUN:NJGW.0.2009-02-039.). And the feed formulation technologies in the three stages of pre-growth, mid-growth, and late-growth have not been considered as a whole to achieve a production method and application of high-quality chicken without fishy smell.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to consider the feed formulation technology method for reducing the fishy smell of broilers from the entire growth stage, mainly including promoting the intestinal health of broilers in the early growth stage, improving the digestibility of nutrients of broilers in the mid-growth stage, and improving the meat quality of broilers in the late growth stage, so as to finally achieve the stable and effective production of high-quality chicken without fishy smell. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a whole-stage feed formulation method and application for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell. On the basis of improving intestinal health and nutrient digestibility, the whole-stage feed of the present invention also reduces the content of harmful gases in the chicken house and the generation of fishy smell substances in chicken, and improves the sensory (such as redness, tenderness, pH, etc.), nutritional (increasing the content of umami substances and trace elements, reducing the content of fishy smell substances, etc.) and safety quality (reducing heavy metal residues and avoiding pathogenic microorganism contamination) of chickens.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a whole-stage feed additive for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell, including additives for the early growth stage, mid-growth stage, and late-growth stage:

[0009] The additive for the early growth stage includes the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of dandelion root flavonoids, 10-20 parts of carvacrol, 4-7 parts of oregano essential oil, 5-10 parts of cinnamaldehyde, and 8-12 parts of ginsenosides;

[0010] The additive for the mid-growth stage includes the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of complex enzyme, 7-10 parts of mannan oligosaccharide, 6-10 parts of rosmarinic acid, 9-12 parts of bile acid, and 5-10 parts of resveratrol;

[0011] The additives for the late growth stage include the following components in parts by weight: 8-16 parts of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 10-15 parts of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 4-8 parts of organic trace elements, 12-15 parts of safflower seed oil, and 12-16 parts of branched-chain amino acids.

[0012] Preferably, the complex enzyme in the additives for the middle growth stage includes protease, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme, and amylase; each gram of the complex enzyme contains 3000-4500 IU of protease, 2000-2500 IU of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme, and 2500-3500 IU of amylase.

[0013] Preferably, the organic trace elements in the additives for the late growth stage include the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of zinc glycinate, 1-2 parts of organic selenium, and 1-2 parts of chromium propionate.

[0014] Preferably, the branched-chain amino acids in the additives for the late growth stage include the following components in parts by weight: 6-8 parts of leucine, 3-4 parts of valine, and 3-4 parts of isoleucine.

[0015] The present invention also provides a feed for a whole-stage feed additive for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell, including feeds for the early growth stage, middle growth stage, and late growth stage.

[0016] Preferably, the feed for the early growth stage includes a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and the additives for the early growth stage, and the mass percentages of the basal diet and the additives for the early growth stage are 99.5%-99.7% and 0.3%-0.5% respectively.

[0017] Preferably, the feed for the middle growth stage includes a corn-soybean meal-broken rice-based basal diet and the additives for the middle growth stage, and the mass percentages of the basal diet and the additives for the middle growth stage are 99.5%-99.7% and 0.3%-0.5% respectively.

[0018] Preferably, the feed for the late growth stage includes a basal diet: 70%-80% of raw paddy rice and 20%-30% of a corn-soybean meal-broken rice-based basal diet, and the additives for the late growth stage, and the mass percentages of the basal diet and the additives for the late growth stage are 99.5%-99.7% and 0.3%-0.5% respectively.

[0019] Preferably, the formula of the corn-soybean meal-based basal diet for the early growth stage is: 57-60 parts of corn, 31-37 parts of soybean meal, 2-4 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.5 parts of salt, 0.5-1 part of premix, 0.1-0.2 parts of lysine, and 0.05-0.1 parts of methionine.

[0020] Preferably, the formula of the basal diet for mid-growing stage corn-soybean meal-broken rice type is: 35-40 parts of broken rice, 20-25 parts of corn, 24-25 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.5 parts of salt, 0.5-1 part of premix, 0.1-0.2 parts of lysine, 0.05-0.1 parts of methionine.

[0021] Preferably, the formula of the basal diet for late-growing stage corn-soybean meal-broken rice type is: 45-50 parts of broken rice, 15-20 parts of corn, 20-21 parts of soybean meal, 2-8 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.5 parts of salt, 0.5-1 part of premix, 0.1-0.2 parts of lysine, 0.05-0.1 parts of methionine.

[0022] The present invention also provides an application of a whole-stage feed additive or feed for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell in the production of high-quality chicken without fishy smell.

[0023] Preferably, the application represents a feeding method, and the feeding method is ad libitum feeding, with feeding once in the morning and once in the evening.

[0024] According to the three different growth stages of the chicken before, during and after growth, different feed additives are added to the basal feed in different growth stages. Most of the feed additives used in the present invention are extracted from natural plants and functional additives, which belong to the components of medicine and food homology and will not have food safety problems; moreover, by using the feed additives of the present invention, the antibacterial effect is good, which can improve the intestinal health of poultry, improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients and the deposition of muscle flavor substances, etc., and finally achieve the production of chicken without fishy smell. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A whole-stage feed formulation technology method for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell based on medium-speed broiler breeds, including:

[0028] (1) Production technology for improving the intestinal health of medium-speed broilers in the early growth stage: Use a nutritionally balanced corn-soybean meal diet. The weight components per 100 kg of the diet are: 57 kg of corn, 37 kg of soybean meal, 2 kg of wheat bran, 1.4 kg of limestone powder, 1.0 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 kg of table salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.2 kg of lysine, and 0.1 kg of methionine; Appropriately supplement an additive of functional natural substances that improve the intestinal immunity of broilers. The additive contains the following components: 15 g of dandelion root flavonoids, 14 g of carvacrol, 4 g of oregano essential oil, 8 g of cinnamaldehyde, and 10 g of ginsenosides; Mix the diet and the additive evenly at a ratio of 99.5% and 0.5% by mass; The composition of each kilogram of the premix is: 2.4 g of vitamin A acetate, 0.12 g of cholecalciferol, 9 g of DL-α-tocopherol acetate, 0.5 g of menadione sodium bisulfite, 0.245 g of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.625 g of riboflavin, 0.34 g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.16 g of cyanocobalamin (1% premix), 4.242 g of nicotinic acid, 0.104 g of folic acid, 1.304 g of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.6 g of biotin (2% premix), 2.745 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 39.8 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 24.615 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 37.445 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.092 g of potassium iodide, 0.033 g of sodium selenite, and 875.63 g of the diluent carrier bentonite.

[0029] (2) Production technology for promoting the nutrient digestibility of medium-speed broilers in the mid-growth stage; using a nutritionally balanced fresh diet of corn-soybean meal-broken rice type, and the weight components per 100 kg of the diet are: 40 kg of broken rice, 25 kg of corn, 24 kg of soybean meal, 7 kg of wheat bran, 1.5 kg of stone powder, 1.0 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35 kg of table salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.1 kg of lysine, and 0.05 kg of methionine; appropriately supplement additives to improve the nutrient digestibility of broilers, and the additives include the following components: 15 g of compound enzyme (ensuring 4000 IU of protease, 2000 IU of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme, and 3000 IU of amylase per kilogram of feed after addition), 7 g of mannan oligosaccharide, 8 g of rosmarinic acid, 10 g of bile acid, and 7 g of resveratrol; mix the diet and additives evenly at a ratio of 99.7% and 0.3% by mass; the composition of each kilogram of premix is: 1.5 g of vitamin A acetate, 0.1 g of cholecalciferol, 6 g of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, 0.39 g of menadione sodium bisulfite, 0.168 g of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.562 g of riboflavin, 0.183 g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.115 g of cyanocobalamin (1% premix), 2.78 g of nicotinic acid, 0.052 g of folic acid, 0.978 g of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.3 g of biotin (2% premix), 2.745 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 39.8 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 17.692 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 34.14 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.072 g of potassium iodide, 0.033 g of sodium selenite, and 892.39 g of diluent carrier bentonite.

[0030] (3) Production technology for improving the meat quality of medium-speed broilers in the late growth stage: Use 70% raw paddy rice mixed with 30% corn-soybean meal-broken rice type nutritionally balanced fresh diet. The weight composition of every 100 kg of the corn-soybean meal-broken rice type nutritionally balanced fresh diet is as follows: 48 kg of broken rice, 20 kg of corn, 20 kg of soybean meal, 8 kg of wheat bran, 1.5 kg of stone powder, 1 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.40 kg of table salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.05 kg of lysine, and 0.05 kg of methionine; on the basis of controlling the market weight of growing broilers, appropriately supplement additives that can improve the deposition of chicken flavor substances. The additives contain the following components: 12 g of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 11 g of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 5 g of organic trace elements (including 3 g of zinc glycinate, 1 g of organic selenium, and 1 g of chromium propionate), 15 g of safflower seed oil, and 15 g of branched-chain amino acids (including 8 g of leucine, 3 g of valine, and 4 g of isoleucine); mix the diet and the additives evenly according to the ratio of 99.6% and 0.4% by mass; the composition of every kilogram of the premix is as follows: 1.2 g of vitamin A acetate, 0.1 g of cholecalciferol, 5 g of DL-α-tocopherol acetate, 0.34 g of menadione sodium bisulfite, 0.102 g of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 g of riboflavin, 0.073 g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.08 g of cyanocobalamin (1% premix), 2.02 g of nicotinic acid, 0.031 g of folic acid, 0.87 g of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.1 g of biotin (2% premix), 2.745 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 29.85 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 16.92 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 24.23 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.072 g of potassium iodide, 0.033 g of sodium selenite, and 915.734 g of bentonite carrier.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A full-stage feed formulation technical method for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell based on slow-growing broiler breeds, including:

[0033] (1) Production technology for improving the intestinal health of medium-speed broilers in the early growth stage: Use a nutritionally balanced corn-soybean meal diet. The weight components per 100 kg of the diet are: 57 kg of corn, 37 kg of soybean meal, 2 kg of wheat bran, 1.4 kg of stone powder, 1.0 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 kg of table salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.2 kg of lysine, and 0.1 kg of methionine; Appropriately supplement an additive of functional natural substances to improve the intestinal immunity of broilers. The additive contains the following components: 20 g of dandelion root flavonoids, 20 g of carvacrol, 6 g of oregano essential oil, 8 g of cinnamaldehyde, and 9 g of ginsenosides; Mix the diet and the additive evenly at a ratio of 99.55% and 0.45% by mass; The composition of each kilogram of the premix is: 2.4 g of vitamin A acetate, 0.12 g of cholecalciferol, 9 g of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, 0.5 g of menadione sodium bisulfite, 0.245 g of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.625 g of riboflavin, 0.34 g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.16 g of cyanocobalamin (1% premix), 4.242 g of niacin, 0.104 g of folic acid, 1.304 g of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.6 g of biotin (2% premix), 2.745 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 39.8 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 24.615 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 37.445 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.092 g of potassium iodide, 0.033 g of sodium selenite, and 875.63 g of diluent carrier bentonite.

[0034] (2) Production technology for promoting the nutrient digestibility of medium-speed broilers in the mid-growth stage; using a nutritionally balanced fresh diet of corn-soybean meal-broken rice type, the weight components per 100 kg of the diet are: 40 kg of broken rice, 25 kg of corn, 24 kg of soybean meal, 7 kg of wheat bran, 1.5 kg of stone powder, 1.0 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35 kg of salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.1 kg of lysine, and 0.05 kg of methionine; appropriately supplement additives to improve the nutrient digestibility of broilers. The additives contain the following components: 25 g of compound enzyme (ensuring 5000 IU of protease, 3000 IU of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme, and 4000 IU of amylase per kilogram of feed after addition), 9 g of mannan oligosaccharide, 9 g of rosmarinic acid, 10 g of bile acid, and 9 g of resveratrol; mix the diet and additives evenly at a ratio of 99.65% and 0.35% by mass; the composition of each kilogram of premix is: 1.5 g of vitamin A acetate, 0.1 g of cholecalciferol, 6 g of DL-α-tocopherol acetate, 0.39 g of menadione sodium bisulfite, 0.168 g of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.562 g of riboflavin, 0.183 g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.115 g of cyanocobalamin (1% premix), 2.78 g of nicotinic acid, 0.052 g of folic acid, 0.978 g of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.3 g of biotin (2% premix), 2.745 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 39.8 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 17.692 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 34.14 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.072 g of potassium iodide, 0.033 g of sodium selenite, and 892.39 g of diluent carrier bentonite.

[0035] (3) Production technology for improving the meat quality of medium-speed growing broilers in the late growth stage: Use 70% raw paddy mixed with 30% corn-soybean meal-broken rice type nutritionally balanced fresh diet. The weight components of every 100 kg of the corn-soybean meal-broken rice type nutritionally balanced fresh diet are as follows: 48 kg of broken rice, 20 kg of corn, 20 kg of soybean meal, 8 kg of wheat bran, 1.5 kg of stone powder, 1.0 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.40 kg of table salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.05 kg of lysine, and 0.05 kg of methionine; on the basis of controlling the market weight of growing broilers, appropriately supplement additives that can improve the deposition of chicken flavor substances. The additives contain the following components: 9 g of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 10 g of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 4 g of organic trace elements (including 2 g of zinc glycinate, 1 g of organic selenium, and 1 g of chromium propionate), 12 g of safflower seed oil, and 12 g of branched-chain amino acids (including 6 g of leucine, 3 g of valine, and 3 g of isoleucine); mix the diet and additives evenly according to the ratio of 99.65% and 0.35% by mass; the composition of every kilogram of premix is as follows: 1.2 g of vitamin A acetate, 0.1 g of cholecalciferol, 5 g of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, 0.34 g of menadione sodium bisulfite, 0.102 g of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 g of riboflavin, 0.073 g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.08 g of cyanocobalamin (1% premix), 2.02 g of nicotinic acid, 0.031 g of folic acid, 0.87 g of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.1 g of biotin (2% premix), 2.745 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 29.85 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 16.92 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 24.23 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.072 g of potassium iodide, 0.033 g of sodium selenite, and 915.734 g of bentonite carrier.

[0036] Test Example 1

[0037] In vitro antibacterial effect test on the composition formula of functional natural substances for improving the intestinal health of broilers in the early growth stage

[0038] 1. Test design and treatment

[0039] The experiment adopted a single-factor completely randomized design, with three treatment groups: a blank group (CK), an experimental group (T1), and a replacement group (T2). Among them: the blank group (CK) was added with 0.9% normal saline; the experimental group T1 was added with a composition formula of functional natural substances to improve the intestinal health of broilers in the early growth stage: according to 15 parts of dandelion root flavonoids (Shanghai Aladdin, content > 90%, solid state), 14 parts of carvacrol (Shanghai Aladdin, content > 98%, liquid state), 4 parts of oregano essential oil (Shanghai Aladdin, content > 80%, liquid state), 8 parts of cinnamaldehyde (Shanghai Aladdin, content > 98%, liquid state), and 10 parts of ginsenosides (Shanghai Aladdin, content > 80%, solid state) were compounded into antibacterial liquid 1. The preparation steps of the antibacterial liquid were as follows: first, dissolve carvacrol, oregano essential oil, and cinnamaldehyde in 75% ethanol, stir until completely transparent, add ginsenosides and dandelion root flavonoids, and dissolve them by ultrasonic-assisted water bath at 40°C. Finally, add water to make up the volume, and the final concentration dilution ratio was 1:3, and filter and sterilize with a 0.22μm filter membrane.

[0040] The replacement group T2 was added with functional natural substances to improve the intestinal health of broilers in the early growth stage, and antibacterial liquid 2 was compounded according to 15 parts of daidzein, 14 parts of carvacrol, 4 parts of oregano essential oil, 8 parts of cinnamaldehyde, and 10 parts of ginsenosides (soybean isoflavones were used to replace dandelion root flavonoids in equal amounts, Shanghai Aladdin, content > 90%, solid state), and other operations were the same as T1. There were 5 replicates for each treatment, and the antibacterial rates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were determined in vitro by the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC method). The specific steps were as follows: Take out the preserved strains from the -80°C refrigerator, streak and inoculate them on a solid agar plate, and culture at 37°C for 18 h. Pick a single colony and inoculate it into an LB broth liquid medium, and culture it on a shaker at 37°C until the logarithmic growth phase (OD 600 ≈0.6, about 8 h). Dilute the bacterial liquid to 10 5 CFU / mL (colony forming unit / mL) with LB medium as the experimental bacterial liquid. Add 100 μL of the diluted bacterial liquid (final concentration about 10 5 CFU / mL) to each well of the 96-well plate; then, according to the experimental design, add 5 μL of 0.9% normal saline and antibacterial liquids 1 and 2 to each treatment, and place the 96-well plate in a 37°C constant temperature incubator for 24 h. After the culture, observe the growth of bacteria in each well: first, observe with the naked eye, turbidity indicates bacterial growth, and transparency indicates bacterial inhibition. Further, use a spectrophotometer to measure the OD 600 value and record the absorbance of each well.

[0041] Calculation formula:

[0042] Antibacterial rate (%) = [(C - T) / C] x 100

[0043] ·C: The number of colonies or OD of the control group (CK)600 Value;

[0044] · T: The number of colonies or OD of the test group or replacement group (T1 or T2) 600 Value.

[0045] 2. Statistical analysis

[0046] The GLM model in the SAS system was used for the analysis of significant differences.

[0047] 3. Result analysis

[0048] Table 1 Effects of the composition formula of functional natural substances improving the intestinal health of broilers in the early growth stage on the antibacterial effects against common harmful bacteria in vitro

[0049]

[0050] a-b Different letters in the same column superscript represent significant differences.

[0051] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control group CK, the antibacterial rates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro of the test group T1 (the composition formula of the additive improving the intestinal health of broilers in the early growth stage) were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the antibacterial rates (effects) of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro of the replacement group T2 (a certain component in the composition formula of the additive improving the intestinal health of broilers in the early growth stage was replaced) were lower than those of the test group T1 (P<0.05).

[0052] Experimental example 2

[0053] In vitro bionic digestion test of the composition formula of functional natural substances promoting the nutrient digestibility of broilers in the middle growth stage

[0054] 1. Experimental design and treatment

[0055] (1) Setting of treatment groups:

[0056] The experiment adopted a single-factor completely randomized design, with a blank group, an experimental group, and a replacement group, a total of 3 treatment groups. Among them, the blank group only supplemented endogenous digestive enzymes, including pepsin for simulating gastric digestion and amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin for simulating small intestine digestion; the experimental group supplemented endogenous digestive enzymes and additives for the nutrient digestibility of mid-growing broilers: protease 4000 IU / kg, non-starch polysaccharidase 2000 IU / kg, amylase 3000 IU / kg, 100 mg / kg mannan oligosaccharide, 100 mg / kg rosmarinic acid, 200 mg / kg bile acid, 150 mg / kg resveratrol per kilogram of feed; the replacement group supplemented endogenous digestive enzymes and complex enzymes: protease 4000 IU / kg, non-starch polysaccharidase 2000 IU / kg, amylase 3000 IU / kg per kilogram of feed. There were 5 replicates for each treatment, and 1 digestive tube for each replicate. An in vitro bionic nutrient utilization rate of the compound feed, including simulated gastric digestion and intestinal digestion, was determined using a bionic digester SDS-II.

[0057] (2) Preparation of simulated digestive tract enzyme spectra and buffers:

[0058] a. Simulated gastric juice enzyme spectrum: Weigh 0.5464 g of pepsin and dissolve it in hydrochloric acid solution with pH 2.0, and make the volume up to 250 mL to obtain pepsin with an enzyme activity of 1550 U / mL for standby.

[0059] b. Simulated small intestine juice enzyme spectrum: The enzyme activities of each digestive enzyme were as follows: amylase activity 325.67 U / mL, trypsin activity 68.95 U / mL, chymotrypsin activity 17.19 U / mL. Since the activities of commercial enzymes in each batch are inconsistent, the above enzyme activities were used as the benchmark for the simulated small intestine juice, and conversion can be carried out according to the specific enzyme activity of the commercial enzyme.

[0060] c. Simulated gastric buffer: Weigh 2.17 g of sodium chloride and 1.57 g of potassium chloride, dissolve them in 1800 mL of deionized water, adjust the pH to 2.0 at 41 °C, and transfer the solution to a 2000 mL volumetric flask after cooling and make the volume up with deionized water.

[0061] d. Simulated small intestine buffer: 51.97 g of anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate, 4.08 g of anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.91 g of sodium chloride, 1.01 g of potassium chloride, and 1.6 million units of penicillin were dissolved in 1800 mL of deionized water, and the pH was adjusted to 7.82 with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid or 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide at 42 °C. After cooling, the solution was transferred to a 2000 mL volumetric flask and made the volume up with deionized water.

[0062] (3) The bionic digestion steps are as follows:

[0063] a. Preparation and sample loading: Preheat the system. Pass the processed dialysis tubing longitudinally through the simulated digestive tube, turn the two ends outwards, tie the dialysis tubing tightly with a rubber band, and fix it on the simulated digestive tube. Then, tightly plug one end with a turned-up silicone stopper. Weigh 2 g of the compound feed, place it in the simulated digestive tube with the dialysis tubing, and simultaneously measure the dry matter content of the sample.

[0064] b. Simulated gastric digestion: Place the simulated digester in the single-stomach animal bionic digestive system, and connect the pipes according to the principle of water inlet at the lower end and water outlet at the upper end of the simulated digester. Connect every 5 simulated digestive tubes in series, and connect the liquid addition tube of the digestive tube to the system in turn with quick connectors. Set the parameters for the gastric simulation digestion stage in the control software of the single-stomach animal bionic digestive system: pepsin activity 1550 U / mL, reaction buffer pH 2.0, temperature 42 °C, buffer flow rate 120 mL / min, digestion time 4 h, cleaning solution (pure water) 1500 mL / time, cleaning for 40 min each time, and a total of 3 cleanings.

[0065] c. Simulated small intestine digestion: At the end of the gastric simulation digestion, transfer the simulated small intestine fluid into the storage chamber of the small intestine digestive fluid in the single-stomach animal bionic digestive system; in the system control software, the parameters for the small intestine stage simulation digestion are: amylase activity 325.67 U / mL, trypsin activity 68.95 U / mL, chymotrypsin activity 17.19 U / mL, reaction buffer pH 7.80, temperature 41 °C, buffer flow rate 120 mL / min, small intestine digestion time 15 h, cleaning solution (pure water) 1500 mL / time, cleaning for 40 min each time, and a total of 6 cleanings.

[0066] 2. Test methods and index determination:

[0067] The heating constant weight difference method was used to measure the dry matter content of the feed and the residue after bionic digestion; a bomb calorimeter was used to measure the gross energy value of the feed and the residue after bionic digestion; the Kjeldahl method was used to measure the crude protein content of the feed and the residue after bionic digestion.

[0068] The calculation formula for nutrient utilization rate is as follows:

[0069] Nutrient utilization rate (%) = [(nutrient before digestion - nutrient in the residue after digestion) / nutrient before digestion] × 100.

[0070] 3. Statistical analysis

[0071] The GLM model in the SAS system was used for significant difference analysis.

[0072] 4. Result analysis

[0073] Table 2 Effects of the composition formula of functional natural substances on the in vitro bionic nutrient utilization rate of nutrient digestibility in broilers at the mid-growing stage

[0074]

[0075] a-b Different letters as superscripts in the same column represent significant differences.

[0076] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control group, the in vitro bionic dry matter, energy, and crude protein utilization rates of the experimental group (the composition formula of functional natural substances for nutrient digestibility of broilers in the mid - growth stage) were significantly improved (P < 0.05), while the improvement effect of nutrient utilization rate in the replacement group (a certain component in the composition formula of functional natural substances for nutrient digestibility of broilers in the mid - growth stage was replaced) was not significant (P > 0.05).

[0077] Test Example 3

[0078] Effect of Feeding Treatment with Whole - Stage Feed for Producing High - Quality Chicken without Fishy Odor on the Meat Quality and Deposition of Odorous Substances of Mahuang Chickens

[0079] 1. Experimental Design and Treatment

[0080] The experiment adopted a single - factor completely randomized design. 300 healthy 1 - day - old Mahuang chicken chicks were selected and randomly divided into 2 treatments, namely the control group and the experimental group, according to the principle of consistent body weight. Each group had 6 replicates, and each replicate had 25 chickens. The control group was only fed the basal diet at each stage (excluding additives), and the experimental group was fed the whole - stage feed (including the basal diet and additives at each stage). The feeding management was semi - open feeding, free access to food and water, and the experimental period was 90 days (1 - 90 days old).

[0081] The specific feed formulas used in each stage are as follows:

[0082] (1) Formula of corn - soybean meal - type compound feed for broilers in the early growth stage: Every 100 kg of basal diet contains 57 kg of corn, 37 kg of soybean meal, 2 kg of wheat bran, 1.3 kg of limestone powder, 1 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.30 kg of salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.2 kg of lysine, and 0.1 kg of methionine. The content of main nutritional components in the formula: Metabolizable energy (ME) 2850 kcal / kg, Crude protein (CP) 18%, Calcium (Ca) 1.0%, Available phosphorus (P) 0.43%, Lysine 0.95%, Methionine: 0.40%.

[0083] The feed additive formula and addition ratio in the early growth stage are the same as those in Example 1.

[0084] (2) Formulation of corn - soybean meal - broken rice type compound feed for medium - growing broilers: Every 100 kg of the basal diet contains 40 kg of broken rice, 25 kg of corn, 25 kg of soybean meal, 7 kg of wheat bran, 1.4 kg of stone powder, 1.0 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35 kg of salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.1 kg of lysine, and 0.05 kg of methionine. Contents of main nutrients in the formulation: Metabolizable energy (ME) 2900 kcal / kg, Crude protein (CP) 16.5%, Calcium (Ca) 0.95%, Available phosphorus (P) 0.45%, Lysine 0.95%, Methionine 0.40%.

[0085] The feed additive formulation and addition ratio for the medium - growing stage are the same as those in Example 1.

[0086] (3) The basal diet for the late - growing stage is obtained by mixing 70% of raw paddy grain with 30% of corn - soybean meal - broken rice type nutritionally balanced fresh diet. The weight components of the corn - soybean meal - broken rice type nutritionally balanced fresh diet are: Every 100 kg of the corn - soybean meal - broken rice type diet contains 49 kg of broken rice, 20 kg of corn, 20 kg of soybean meal, 8 kg of wheat bran, 1.4 kg of stone powder, 1.0 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35 kg of salt, 1 kg of premix, 0.05 kg of lysine, and 0.05 kg of methionine. Contents of main nutrients in the formulation after mixing 70% of raw paddy grain + 30% of corn - soybean meal - broken rice type diet: Metabolizable energy (ME) 2700 kcal / kg, Crude protein (CP) 10.5%, Calcium (Ca) 0.40%, Available phosphorus (P) 0.21%, Lysine 0.50%, Methionine 0.23%.

[0087] The feed additive formulation and addition ratio for the late - growing stage are the same as those in Example 1.

[0088] 2. Data analysis:

[0089] T - test in the SAS system is used for significant difference analysis.

[0090] 3. Test methods and index determination:

[0091] (1) At 90 days of age, broilers are slaughtered and breast muscle and leg muscle samples are collected for detection of various meat quality indexes (meat color, pH, shear force).

[0092] a. Meat color: Samples of breast muscle and leg muscle 45 minutes after slaughter are dried with neutral filter paper, and the meat color of the muscle surface in contact with the skin (L represents brightness, a represents redness, b represents yellowness) is measured with an automatic color difference meter.

[0093] b. pH value: At 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter respectively, the electrode of a portable pH meter is directly inserted 1 cm deep into the holes of breast muscle and leg muscle samples, and three points are selected for each sample for measurement, and the average value is taken.

[0094] c. Shearing force: Trim along the direction of muscle fibers into long, wide, and thick strips of 0.5×0.5×0.5 cm 3 Long strip-shaped meat samples, measure the muscle shearing force with a tenderness meter, repeat each meat sample 3 times, and take the average value. The size is expressed by the shearing force (unit: N).

[0095] (2) Fatty acid determination: Refer to GB 5009.168—2016 "National Food Safety Standard Determination of Fatty Acids in Foods" for the determination of fatty acids in breast muscle

[0096] (3) Flavor and fishy odor substance deposition: Take 2 g of the sample and 1 μL of 2-Methyl-3-heptanone internal standard (0.1 g / L) and place them in a 20 mL headspace vial. Incubate at 60 °C for 15 minutes and then inject 500 μL. Use A flavor analyzer to determine the flavor and fishy odor substances in breast muscle

[0097] 4. Result analysis

[0098] (1) As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the control group, the feed without fishy odor has no significant effect on meat color, pH, and shearing force level (P>0.05).

[0099] Table 3 Effects of the whole-stage feed feeding treatment of high-quality chicken without fishy odor on the breast muscle quality of Ephedra chickens

[0100]

[0101] (2) As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the control group, the saturated fatty acids (C14, C18, SFA) in the experimental group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, C18:2n-6c, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3) decreased significantly (P<0.05).

[0102] Table 4 Effects of the whole-stage feed feeding treatment of high-quality chicken without fishy odor on the fatty acids in the breast muscle of Ephedra chickens

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] a-b Different letters in the same row of shoulder labels represent significant differences

[0106] (3) As shown in Table 5, compared with the control group, the levels of flavor substances with fishy odors (Heptanal, Nonanal, (E)-hept-2-enal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-hexenal) in the pectoral muscles of the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), indicating that this feed has a significant effect on reducing the fishy odor substances in the pectoral muscles of yellow-feathered chickens.

[0107] Table 5 Effects of feeding treatments with a full-stage feed for producing high-quality chicken without fishy odor on the deposition of fishy and stinky substances in yellow-feathered chickens

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] a-b Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences.

[0111] Experimental Example 4

[0112] Effects of feeding treatments with a full-stage feed for producing high-quality chicken without fishy odor on the meat quality and deposition of fishy and stinky substances in Qingyuan partridge chickens

[0113] 1. Experimental design and treatment

[0114] The experiment adopted a single-factor completely randomized design. A total of 240 healthy 1-day-old slow-growing Qingyuan partridge chickens were selected and randomly divided into 2 treatments, namely the control group and the experimental group, with 6 replicates in each group and 20 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed the feeds for each stage (excluding additives), and the experimental group was fed the full-stage feed (including the feeds for each stage and additives). The feeding management was semi-open feeding, with free access to food and water, and the experimental period was 160 days (1-160 days old). The specific feed formula and additives used in each stage were the same as those in Experimental Example 3.

[0115] At 160 days old, the broilers were slaughtered, and samples of pectoral muscles and leg muscles were collected for detecting various indexes of meat quality. The indexes and methods of determination were the same as those in Experimental Example 3.

[0116] 2. Statistical analysis:

[0117] The t-test in the SAS system was used for analyzing the significance of differences.

[0118] 3. Result analysis

[0119] (1) As shown in Table 6, compared with the control group, the feed without fishy odor significantly reduced the shear force level of the pectoral muscles of the chickens in the additive group (P<0.05), and had no significant effect on meat color and pH (P>0.05).

[0120] Table 6 Effects of whole-stage feed feeding treatments for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell on breast muscle quality of Qingyuan partridge chickens

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] (2) As can be seen from Table 7, compared with the control group, the saturated fatty acids (C16, C18, SFA) in the experimental group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, C22:6n-3) decreased significantly (P<0.05).

[0124] Table 7 Effects of whole-stage feed feeding treatments for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell on breast muscle fatty acids of Qingyuan partridge chickens

[0125]

[0126] a-b Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences

[0127] (3) As can be seen from Table 8, compared with the control group, some flavor substances containing fishy smell in the breast muscle of the experimental group (Heptanal, hexanoic acid, (E)-hept-2-enal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-hexenal) decreased significantly (P<0.05), indicating that this feed has a significant effect on reducing the fishy smell substances in the breast muscle of Qingyuan chickens.

[0128] Table 8 Effects of whole-stage feed feeding treatments for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell on deposition of fishy and stinky substances in Qingyuan partridge chickens

[0129]

[0130] a-b Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences

[0131] In summary, the experiment verified that the whole-stage feed feeding for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell can significantly improve the chicken quality of yellow and Qingyuan partridge chickens, mainly manifested in reducing the volatile fishy smell substances and polyunsaturated fatty acids, providing an experimental basis for improving the nutritional quality and meat flavor of chicken and reducing the volatile fishy smell substances.

[0132] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A whole-stage feed additive for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell, characterized in that, Additives including the early growth stage, the middle growth stage, and the late growth stage: The additives in the early growth stage include the following components in parts by weight: 10 - 20 parts of dandelion root flavonoids, 10 - 20 parts of carvacrol, 4 - 7 parts of oregano essential oil, 5 - 10 parts of cinnamaldehyde, and 8 - 12 parts of ginsenosides; The additives in the middle growth stage include the following components in parts by weight: 15 - 25 parts of complex enzyme, 7 - 10 parts of mannan oligosaccharide, 6 - 10 parts of rosmarinic acid, 9 - 12 parts of bile acid, and 5 - 10 parts of resveratrol; The additives in the late growth stage include the following components in parts by weight: 8 - 16 parts of eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 10 - 15 parts of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 4 - 8 parts of organic trace elements, 12 - 15 parts of safflower seed oil, 12 - 16 parts of branched-chain amino acids.

2. The all-stage feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The complex enzyme in the additives in the middle growth stage includes protease, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme, and amylase; each gram of the complex enzyme contains 3000 - 4500 IU of protease, 2000 - 2500 IU of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme, and 2500 - 3500 IU of amylase.

3. The all-stage feed additive according to claim 1, wherein The organic trace elements in the additives in the late growth stage include the following components in parts by weight: 2 - 4 parts of zinc glycinate, 1 - 2 parts of organic selenium, and 1 - 2 parts of chromium propionate.

4. The all-stage feed additive according to claim 1, wherein The branched-chain amino acids in the additives in the late growth stage include the following components in parts by weight: 6 - 8 parts of leucine, 3 - 4 parts of valine, and 3 - 4 parts of isoleucine.

5. A feed containing a whole-stage feed additive for producing high-quality chicken without fishy smell as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Feeds including the early growth stage, the middle growth stage, and the late growth stage: The feed in the early growth stage includes a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and the additives in the early growth stage, and the mass percentages of the early growth stage basal diet and the additives are 99.5% - 99.7% and 0.3% - 0.5% respectively; The feed in the middle growth stage includes a corn-soybean meal-broken rice-based basal diet and the additives in the middle growth stage, and the mass percentages of the middle growth stage basal diet and the additives are 99.5% - 99.7% and 0.3% - 0.5% respectively; The feed in the late growth stage includes a basal diet: 70% - 80% of raw paddy rice and 20% - 30% of a corn-soybean meal-broken rice-based basal diet, and the additives in the late growth stage, and the mass percentages of the late growth stage basal diet and the additives are 99.5% - 99.7% and 0.3% - 0.5% respectively.

6. The feed according to claim 5, wherein The formula of the corn-soybean meal-based basal diet in the early growth stage is: 57 - 60 parts of corn, 31 - 37 parts of soybean meal, 2 - 4 parts of wheat bran, 1 - 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.8 - 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 - 0.5 parts of salt, 0.5 - 1 part of premix, 0.1 - 0.2 parts of lysine, 0.05 - 0.1 parts of methionine; The formula of the corn-soybean meal-broken rice-based basal diet in the middle growth stage is: 35 - 40 parts of broken rice, 20 - 25 parts of corn, 24 - 25 parts of soybean meal, 5 - 8 parts of wheat bran, 1 - 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.8 - 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 - 0.5 parts of salt, 0.5 - 1 part of premix, 0.1 - 0.2 parts of lysine, 0.05 - 0.1 parts of methionine; The formula of the maize - soybean meal - broken rice - based diet in the late growth stage is as follows: 40 - 45 parts of broken rice, 15 - 20 parts of maize, 20 - 21 parts of soybean meal, 2 - 8 parts of wheat bran, 1 - 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.8 - 1.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 - 0.5 parts of table salt, 0.5 - 1 part of premix, 0.1 - 0.2 parts of lysine, and 0.05 - 0.1 parts of methionine.

7. Use of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the feed according to claim 5 or 6 in the production of high - quality chicken meat without fishy smell.

8. The application according to claim 7, wherein The feeding method is ad libitum feeding, with feeding once in the morning and once in the evening.

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