Electrical system of vehicle, data communication method and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrical system of a vehicle, a data communication method and the vehicle, and aims to adopt a multi-bus communication architecture design, realize effective separation of data transmission of different types of slave devices, avoid mutual interference of data with different data flows and different properties in the transmission process, and improve the transmission efficiency. The data transmission efficiency of the vehicle is improved and the overall power consumption of the vehicle is reduced. The electrical system of the vehicle comprises a host device, a first type of slave device and a second type of slave device, and the host device is in communication connection with the first type of slave device through a first bus and is in communication connection with the second type of slave device through a second bus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular, to an electrical system of a vehicle, a data communication method, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Currently, new energy vehicles are booming, and intelligent cockpits, intelligent driving, etc. have made the automotive electronic electrical architecture (EEA) increasingly complex, and the requirement for communication rate continues to climb. From the distributed domain control architecture of vehicles to the functional domain controller, and then to the central supercomputer + regional control architecture, although the vehicle electrical architecture is constantly evolving, it also faces many problems. With the large-scale application of various sensors in automobiles, the demand for data transmission bandwidth has increased sharply. For example, the total bandwidth demand for sensors such as lidar and cameras is as high as 3 Gb - 40 Gb / s. The current solution based on metal wire harnesses can only cope by increasing the number of wire harnesses. However, the transmission distance of electrical signals is limited, it is vulnerable to interference, and increasing the wire harnesses leads to an increase in cost and prominent vehicle lightweight problems. At the same time, the existing architecture is difficult to meet the development needs of the automotive industry in terms of computing power collaboration, communication flexibility, cost control, and facing the increasing bandwidth demand. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical system of a vehicle, a data communication method, and a vehicle, which reduce the cost of the electrical system of the vehicle and increase the communication distance of the electrical system of the vehicle to at least partially solve the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present application, there is provided an electrical system of a vehicle, including a host device, a first type of slave device, and a second type of slave device. The host device is communicatively connected to the first type of slave device through a first bus and communicatively connected to the second type of slave device through a second bus.

[0005] Optionally, at least one of the first bus and the second bus is an optical fiber bus.

[0006] Optionally, the first type of slave device includes at least one of an in-vehicle image acquisition device, a radar sensor, and a positioning device.

[0007] Optionally, the second type of slave device includes a domain controller.

[0008] Optionally, the electrical system further includes at least one functional component communicatively connected to the domain controller, and the functional component includes a sensor and / or an electronic control unit.

[0009] Optionally, the at least one functional component is communicatively connected to the domain controller through a communication bus for transmitting electrical signals.

[0010] Optionally, the communication bus for transmitting electrical signals includes at least one of a CAN bus, a LIN bus, a MOST bus, an Ethernet bus, and an RS485 communication bus implemented using copper cables.

[0011] Optionally, the at least one functional component is communicatively connected to the domain controller via an optical fiber bus.

[0012] Optionally, the functional component includes at least one of an engine sensor, a motor sensor, a steering sensor, a suspension sensor, a door sensor, a window sensor, and a temperature sensor.

[0013] Optionally, the host device is communicatively connected to the first type of slave device via at least two first buses.

[0014] Optionally, the host device is communicatively connected to the second type of slave device via at least two second buses.

[0015] Optionally, a target bus is connected between the transmitting end and the receiving end of the host device, and at least two slave devices are connected in series on the target bus in sequence, so that the host device and at least two of the slave devices form a ring communication link; wherein, the target bus includes at least one of the first bus and the second bus.

[0016] Optionally, the host device is configured to send a communication data packet with a slave device identifier to the ring communication link;

[0017] The slave device is configured to upload slave data to the communication data packet when the slave device identifier in the communication data packet matches its own device identifier, so as to implement data communication with the host device.

[0018] Optionally, the communication data packet is a carrier null packet.

[0019] Optionally, the communication data packet and the slave data are respectively converted from electrical signals into optical signals that match the PON communication protocol.

[0020] Optionally, the slave device is further configured to download host data from the communication data packet when the slave device identifier in the communication data packet matches its own device identifier, so as to implement data communication with the host device.

[0021] Optionally, when the host device receives a communication request between a first slave device and a second slave device, the host device forwards the slave data of the first slave device to the second slave device.

[0022] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a data communication method for a vehicle, and the method includes:

[0023] The host device of the vehicle sends communication data packets to the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device through the first bus and the second bus respectively, so as to realize data communication between the host device and the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device respectively.

[0024] Optionally, a target bus is connected between the sending end and the receiving end of the host device, and at least two slave devices are connected in series on the target bus in sequence, so that the host device and at least two slave devices form a ring communication link; wherein, the target bus includes at least one of the first bus and the second bus;

[0025] The method further includes:

[0026] When the slave device on the ring communication link receives the communication data packet, it judges whether the communication data packet carries the device identifier of the slave device. If it carries the device identifier of the slave device, the slave device uploads slave data to the communication data packet.

[0027] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0028] The host device extracts the slave data from the communication data packet and processes the slave data according to the device identifier of the slave device.

[0029] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0030] The host device judges whether the slave device has a fault according to the slave data. If there is a fault, it generates fault information and sends it to the central control platform of the vehicle for fault prompt through the central control platform.

[0031] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0032] When the communication data packet carries the device identifier of the slave device, the slave device downloads host data from the communication data packet.

[0033] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0034] In response to a bandwidth allocation request, the host device allocates bandwidth to the first bus and the second bus.

[0035] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0036] When the vehicle starts, the host device sends configuration instructions to the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device through the first bus and the second bus respectively, so that the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device perform parameter configuration according to the configuration instructions.

[0037] According to a third aspect of the present application, there is provided a vehicle including the electrical system of the vehicle described above.

[0038] In summary, the electrical system of the vehicle provided by the present application adopts a multi-bus communication architecture design. For example, by setting a first bus to connect the host device and the first type of slave device, and a second bus to connect the host device and the second type of slave device, effective separation of data transmission of different types of slave devices is achieved, avoiding mutual interference of different data flows and different natures of data during transmission. For example, sensor signals with a large amount of data can be transmitted through one bus to ensure their real-time nature, while other devices with a small amount of data communicate through another bus, thereby improving the overall communication efficiency of the vehicle. Further, compared with the traditional vehicle electrical architecture, by separating the slave devices with different data amounts through multiple buses, the line loss power consumption can be significantly reduced. At the same time, different types of data are transmitted separately, reducing data conflicts and redundant transmissions, reducing the overall power consumption of the system, providing better energy utilization efficiency for the vehicle, and enhancing the user experience.

[0039] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0041] In order to more fully understand the present application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be made in conjunction with the drawings, where the same reference numerals represent the same parts in the following description.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical system of a vehicle provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic architecture diagram of an electrical system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a schematic communication diagram of an electrical system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 5It is a structural block diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0048] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specifically defined. In the present application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, illustration, or description". Any embodiment described as "exemplary" in the present application is not necessarily construed as being more preferred or having more advantages than other embodiments. In order for any person skilled in the art to implement and use the present application, the following description is given. In the following description, details are set forth for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can recognize that the present application can be implemented without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not described in detail to avoid unnecessary details from obscuring the description of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in the present application.

[0049] The electrical system of a vehicle refers to the overall system of all electrical and electronic components in the vehicle and their interconnections. Taking the Electrical / Electronic Architecture (EEA) as an example, the EEA is an important part of the vehicle's electrical system. Related technologies usually utilize traditional distributed architectures and communicate based on communication buses that transmit electrical signals, such as Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus, and Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST). The Body Control Module (BCM) in the vehicle electrical system integrates gateways, dedicated sensors, dedicated Electronic Control Units (ECUs), and algorithms. However, due to the inability to collaborate in computing power and mutual redundancy, traditional distributed architectures require a large amount of internal communication, resulting in a significant increase in harness costs.

[0050] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a hybrid architecture of distributed sensors and a central domain controller according to integrated optical communication technology, using optical fiber communication to achieve the arrangement of distributed sensors, reducing and reasonably optimizing costs while ensuring real-time performance.

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 1 shown, the electrical system of the vehicle includes a host device 100 and multiple slave devices 200. Among them, the host device 100 is communicatively connected to the multiple slave devices 200 through a bus 300.

[0052] Combined with Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical system of a vehicle provided in another embodiment of the present application. As an example, the multiple slave devices 200 may include a first type of slave device 210 and a second type of slave device 220. Among them, the host device 100 is communicatively connected to the first type of slave device 210 through a first bus 310 and communicatively connected to the second type of slave device 220 through a second bus 320. This division method is based on the functional characteristics, data transmission requirements of different slave devices 200 in the vehicle's electrical system, and their impact on the overall operation of the vehicle.

[0053] Thus, the embodiment of the present application adopts a multi-bus communication architecture design. The host device 100 is connected to the first type of slave device 210 through the first bus 310, and the second bus 320 is connected to the host device 100 and the second type of slave device 220, realizing the effective separation of data transmission of different types of slave devices and avoiding the mutual interference of different data flows and different natures of data during the transmission process. For example, sensor signals with a large amount of data can be transmitted through one bus to ensure their real-time performance, while other devices with a small amount of data communicate through another bus, thereby improving the overall communication efficiency of the vehicle.

[0054] The host device 100, as the core control and data processing unit of the vehicle's electrical system, can manage, interact with data, and coordinate the work of multiple slave devices 200. For example, in an intelligent vehicle, the host device 100 can be a central domain controller or a central brain. The central domain controller is responsible for managing all ECUs in a specific functional domain, and integrating the functions of multiple ECUs into one domain controller can reduce the complexity of the system and lower costs. The central brain is a supercomputing unit set in the vehicle, which can be responsible for managing and coordinating all functional domains to achieve higher integration and intelligence.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, at least one of the first bus 310 and the second bus 320 is an optical fiber bus. Thus, by using the optical fiber bus as the communication connection medium, compared with traditional cables for electrical signal transmission, it has many advantages. First, optical fiber transmission has an extremely high bandwidth, which can meet the increasing data transmission requirements in modern vehicles. Taking the autonomous driving function as an example, multiple cameras, radars and other sensors equipped on the vehicle will generate a large amount of data. For example, a camera may generate several megabytes or even dozens of megabytes of data per second, and this data needs to be transmitted to the host device 100 quickly and stably for processing. The high-bandwidth characteristic of the optical fiber bus can ensure the timely transmission of data. Second, optical fiber transmission is not affected by electromagnetic interference. In the complex electromagnetic environment of the vehicle, the operation of many electronic devices such as the engine ignition system and other electrical devices will generate electromagnetic interference, and traditional electrical signal transmission methods are easily affected by electromagnetic interference, resulting in data transmission errors or losses. However, optical fiber transmission, due to its transmission principle based on optical signals, can work stably in a strong electromagnetic interference environment. Moreover, the signal transmission loss of optical fiber transmission is low, which means that in the process of long-distance data transmission, there is no need to frequently amplify or relay the signal, reducing the complexity and cost of the system.

[0056] Furthermore, since different slave devices 200 have different requirements for data transmission, for example, different slave devices 200 have different requirements for data transmission bandwidth, real-time performance, data volume size, etc. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, at least two optical fiber buses can be set based on the type of the slave device 200.

[0057] As an example, in the embodiments of the present application, the first type of slave device 210 is usually a device with relatively high requirements for data transmission bandwidth and strong requirements for data real-time performance. The second type of slave device 220 is usually a device with relatively low requirements for data transmission bandwidth and small requirements for data real-time performance.

[0058] Taking an autonomous driving or driver assistance system as an example, in-vehicle image acquisition devices, such as high-definition cameras, need to continuously acquire image information around the vehicle. The amount of these image data is huge and needs to be transmitted to the host device 100 in a timely manner for processing so that the system can make decisions quickly, such as recognizing road signs, detecting vehicles or pedestrians ahead, etc. The same is true for radar sensors. Whether it is a millimeter-wave radar or a lidar, when detecting information such as the distance and speed of obstacles around the vehicle, high-frequency detection data will be generated, and a high-bandwidth communication link is required to ensure the accurate transmission of data. The positioning device also requires high bandwidth and stable communication to timely feedback accurate position information to the host device to meet the requirements of functions such as navigation and vehicle trajectory planning. These devices can be classified as the first type of slave device 210, and the first bus 310 is set as an optical fiber bus. In this way, the first type of slave device 210 is connected to the host device 100 through the first bus 310, which can ensure that the data transmission requirements of the first type of slave device 210 are preferentially met, avoid bandwidth competition with other devices during data transmission, and improve the efficiency of the entire vehicle's electrical system in processing key information.

[0059] Based on this, as an example, the first type of slave device 210 may include, but is not limited to, at least one of in-vehicle image acquisition devices, radar sensors, and positioning devices.

[0060] Taking the application of in-vehicle image acquisition devices in autonomous vehicles as an example, in order to achieve a comprehensive perception of the surrounding environment, the vehicle may be equipped with multiple cameras with different perspectives, such as front-view cameras, rear-view cameras, and side-view cameras, etc. The front-view camera is mainly used to detect the conditions of the road ahead, including lane line recognition, traffic sign recognition, and detection of vehicles and pedestrians ahead, etc. During normal driving, the front-view camera needs to continuously acquire high-resolution image data, and the amount of these data is very large, possibly reaching several megabytes per second or even higher. Therefore, it is required that the communication link between the front-view camera and the host device 100 has the characteristics of high bandwidth and low latency. By classifying it as the first type of slave device 210 and connecting it to the host device 100 through the first bus 310, this data transmission requirement can be met.

[0061] Taking the radar sensor as a millimeter-wave radar as an example, it detects information such as the distance, speed, and angle of objects around the vehicle by transmitting electromagnetic waves in the millimeter-wave frequency band and receiving the reflected waves. The millimeter-wave radar has a relatively high operating frequency, and the data it generates is characterized by high frequency and strong real-time performance. When the vehicle is driving at high speed, the radar needs to quickly and accurately transmit the detected data to the host device 100 so that the host device 100 can make decisions in a timely manner, such as automatic emergency braking and adaptive cruise control. Classifying the radar sensor as the first type of slave device 210 and connecting it through the first bus 310 can ensure high-speed data transmission, reduce data transmission latency, and improve the safety and reliability of the entire autonomous driving system.

[0062] Taking the positioning device as a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver or a high-precision positioning module as an example, it needs to transmit the accurate position information of the vehicle to the host device 100. In the navigation function, the host device 100 plans the driving route based on the position information provided by the positioning device, and in some advanced driver assistance systems, such as the lane keeping assistance system, the positioning information is also used to determine the accurate position of the vehicle in the lane. The data generated by the positioning device needs to be transmitted in a timely and accurate manner. Connecting it to the host device 100 as the first type of slave device 210 through the first bus 310 can ensure the fast transmission of positioning data and improve the accuracy of navigation and driver assistance functions.

[0063] The above method of classifying the in-vehicle image acquisition device, radar sensor, and positioning device as the first type of slave device 210 is based on the common need for high-bandwidth and low-latency data transmission. By connecting to the host device 100 through a specific fiber optic bus, it can effectively improve the performance of the vehicle's electrical system in aspects such as environmental perception, safety control, and navigation, and meet the development needs of modern vehicle intelligence and safety.

[0064] The second type of slave device 220 may include a domain controller 221. The domain controller 221 plays a role in area management and control in the vehicle's electrical system. It needs to communicate with the host device 100, receive instructions from the host device 100, and feedback device status information within the area, etc. The second type of slave device 220 is connected to the host device 100 through the second bus 320, which can ensure stable and reliable communication between the domain controller 221 and the host device 100. At the same time, it is also convenient for independent management and control of devices in different areas. For example, in the body domain, the domain controller 221 is responsible for managing the control logic of devices such as doors, windows, and in-vehicle lighting. The communication with the host device 100 through the second bus 320 can ensure that the devices in the body domain work properly according to the requirements of the host device 100, and can provide timely feedback when the host device 100 needs to obtain the status of devices in the body domain, thus realizing hierarchical management and efficient operation of the entire vehicle's electrical system. This classified connection method for the slave device 200 optimizes the communication architecture of the vehicle's electrical system, improves the scalability and reliability of the system, and can better meet the complex functional requirements of modern vehicles.

[0065] In the architecture of modern vehicles, the vehicle is usually divided into different areas according to functions, such as the power domain, chassis domain, cockpit domain, autonomous driving domain, body domain, etc. Each domain has a corresponding domain controller 221.

[0066] Taking the power domain controller as an example, the power domain controller is responsible for managing and controlling devices related to the vehicle's power system, including the engine (for traditional fuel vehicles) or the motor (for electric vehicles), transmission, battery management system (for electric vehicles), etc. The power domain controller needs to communicate with the host device 100, receive instructions from the host device 100 regarding the overall power demand of the vehicle. For example, according to the driver's acceleration and deceleration operations or the decisions of the vehicle's autonomous driving system, the host device 100 will send corresponding instructions to the power domain controller. At the same time, the power domain controller also needs to feedback the status information of the power system to the host device 100, such as the engine speed, torque, motor power output, battery charge and health status, etc. Connecting to the host device 100 through the second bus 320 can ensure stable and reliable communication between the power domain controller and the host device. This stable communication is crucial for the normal operation of the vehicle because any failure in the power system or unstable communication may lead to a decline in vehicle performance or even safety accidents. As an example, the second bus 320 can also be an optical fiber bus, and the bandwidth of the second bus 320 can be set to be less than the bandwidth of the first bus 310 according to actual needs.

[0067] Taking the body domain controller as an example, it manages body-related devices such as doors, windows, door locks, in-vehicle lighting, windshield wipers, etc. The body domain controller receives instructions from the host device to control the opening, closing, status adjustment, etc. of these devices, and feeds back the status information of these devices to the host device 100. For example, when the driver issues an instruction to open the door through an in-vehicle button or a remote control key, the host device 100 sends the instruction to the body domain controller, and the body domain controller then controls the unlocking of the door lock and the opening of the door, and at the same time feeds back the status of the door (such as whether it is fully opened) to the host device 100. Connecting the host device 100 and the body domain controller through the second bus 320 can ensure the accuracy and timeliness of communication in a complex vehicle electrical environment, and improve the reliability of body device control and the user experience. Connecting the domain controller as the second type of slave device 220 to the host device 100 through the second bus 320 helps to achieve hierarchical management and efficient operation of the vehicle's electrical system, improve the stability and reliability of the system, and meet the control and management requirements of different functional areas of the vehicle.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, the vehicle's electrical system may further include at least one functional component 222 communicatively connected to the domain controller 221, and the functional component 222 may include sensors and / or ECUs.

[0069] The domain controller 221 plays a role in managing and controlling devices in a specific area in the vehicle's electrical system, while the functional component 222 is a key component for collecting various types of information. The communicative connection between the functional component 222 and the domain controller 221 enables the domain controller 221 to obtain more comprehensive vehicle status information, thereby achieving effective control.

[0070] Taking the power domain of an automobile as an example, the power domain controller is connected to engine sensors. Engine sensors may include a water temperature sensor, an oil pressure sensor, etc. The water temperature sensor is responsible for monitoring the temperature of the engine coolant. If the water temperature is too high, it may indicate a problem with the engine cooling system and the working state of the cooling system needs to be adjusted in a timely manner. The oil pressure sensor monitors the oil pressure of the engine. Too low oil pressure may cause increased wear of engine components. The sensors transmit the collected data to the power domain controller, and the power domain controller determines whether the working state of the engine is normal based on these data and takes corresponding measures, such as adjusting the speed of the cooling fan or issuing a warning signal for too low oil pressure.

[0071] In the vehicle body domain, the vehicle body domain controller is connected to door sensors, window sensors, etc. The door sensors can detect the opening and closing states of the doors to control the vehicle's safety system and in-vehicle lighting system. For example, when a door is opened, the in-vehicle lighting system can automatically turn on, and at the same time, the safety system will determine whether the vehicle is in an abnormal safety state. The window sensors can monitor the positions of the windows, facilitating the vehicle body domain controller to implement functions such as one-touch window lifting and anti-pinch function. This communication connection method between sensors and the domain controller enables each subsystem of the vehicle to obtain the required information in real time, improving the intelligence level and overall performance of the vehicle's electrical system and ensuring the safe and comfortable operation of the vehicle.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present application, the domain controller 221 can communicate with the host device 100 through the second bus 320. Each domain controller 221 can be further connected to multiple functional components 222. The domain controller 221 and the multiple functional components 222 can be connected through a communication bus that transmits electrical signals (such as a cable bus) or through an optical fiber bus that transmits optical signals. The following will be described in detail in two ways.

[0073] In one example, at least one functional component 222 can also be communicatively connected to the domain controller 221 through an optical fiber bus. In this way, the communication between the multiple functional components 222 and the domain controller 221 can also conform to the characteristics of the above-mentioned optical fiber communication, thereby increasing the communication transmission distance and reducing communication interference.

[0074] Since the cost of the optical fiber bus is relatively high, in another example, in order to control the manufacturing cost of the vehicle, at least one functional component 222 can be communicatively connected to the domain controller through a communication bus that transmits electrical signals. The communication bus that transmits electrical signals can include at least one of a CAN bus, a LIN bus, a MOST bus, an Ethernet bus, and an RS485 communication bus implemented using copper cables.

[0075] The CAN bus is a serial communication protocol widely used in automobiles. It has the characteristics of high reliability and strong real-time performance and is suitable for communication between multiple ECUs inside the vehicle. For example, in the vehicle's chassis control system, the electronic control units of the braking system, the suspension system, etc. need to communicate with each other and work together. Data can be transmitted between these ECUs through the CAN bus. For example, the ECU of the braking system transmits the travel information of the brake pedal to other relevant ECUs through the CAN bus so that they can adjust their respective working states according to the braking situation.

[0076] The LIN bus is a low-cost serial communication network mainly used in distributed subsystems in automobiles. It is typically used to connect devices that are cost-sensitive and have relatively low data transfer rate requirements. For example, devices such as the windshield wiper motor and the rearview mirror adjustment motor in an automobile can communicate with the body domain controller via the LIN bus. The body domain controller can send control instructions to these devices via the LIN bus, such as adjusting the wiping frequency of the windshield wiper and the angle of the rearview mirror.

[0077] The MOST bus is mainly used for information transmission in multimedia and entertainment systems. In modern automobiles, the multimedia system includes functions such as audio playback, video playback, and navigation display. The MOST bus can meet the requirements of high-speed data transmission between these multimedia devices, such as transmitting audio signals from an audio source (such as a radio or a multimedia player) to the in-vehicle speaker system, or transmitting navigation images from the navigation module to the vehicle's display screen.

[0078] The application of the Ethernet bus in the vehicle's electrical system is also becoming more and more extensive, especially with the development of vehicle intelligence, the demand for high-bandwidth data transmission is increasing continuously. For example, in autonomous vehicles, there are numerous cameras for collecting images of the vehicle's surrounding environment, generating a large amount of data, and the Ethernet bus can provide sufficient bandwidth to transmit this image data to the relevant processing units.

[0079] The RS485 communication bus is a differential signal communication bus with balanced transmission and has the characteristic of strong anti-interference ability. It can be used in the communication between some sensors and domain controllers with high requirements for communication stability. For example, some high-precision temperature sensors or pressure sensors, the data they collect needs to be transmitted to the domain controller accurately and error-free, and the RS485 communication bus can meet this requirement.

[0080] Since the ECU has relatively low requirements for bandwidth and the data volume is usually small, compared with the way of connecting via fiber optic bus, through the application of various electrical signal communication buses, the vehicle's electrical system can flexibly select appropriate communication methods according to the needs of different devices and cost limitations, improving the adaptability and overall performance of the system.

[0081] In the embodiment of this application, the functional component 222 may include but is not limited to at least one of an engine sensor, a motor sensor, a steering sensor, a suspension sensor, a door sensor, a window sensor, and a temperature sensor.

[0082] For example, an engine speed sensor can accurately measure the engine speed, thus having a crucial impact on functions such as engine fuel injection control and ignition timing control. The fuel injection system can adjust the fuel injection volume according to the engine speed to ensure that the engine maintains the best combustion efficiency under different working conditions.

[0083] Motor sensors can include sensors such as a motor speed sensor and a motor torque sensor. The motor speed sensor monitors the rotational speed of the motor, and the motor torque sensor measures the torque output by the motor. For example, during vehicle acceleration or deceleration, the power control system adjusts the power output of the motor based on the motor speed and torque information to achieve smooth acceleration and efficient energy recovery.

[0084] The steering sensor is used to detect the steering angle and steering speed of the vehicle. In the vehicle's Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, the information provided by the steering sensor is a key basis for judging the vehicle's steering state. When the vehicle steers, the steering sensor transmits the steering angle and speed information to the ESC system, and the ESC system adjusts the vehicle's braking force distribution based on this information to ensure the stability and safety of the vehicle during steering.

[0085] The suspension sensor can monitor the state of the vehicle suspension system, such as the suspension stroke and the damping force of the shock absorber, which has an important impact on the comfort and handling of the vehicle. For example, when the vehicle is driving on a rough road surface, the suspension sensor transmits the state information of the suspension system to the relevant control system, and the control system adjusts the damping force of the shock absorber based on this information to provide better ride comfort and vehicle handling.

[0086] The door sensor and the window sensor are respectively used to monitor the states of the door and the window, such as the opening and closing state of the door and the lifting position of the window, to implement the vehicle's safety system, in-vehicle lighting system, and user convenience functions.

[0087] The temperature sensor can monitor the temperatures of different parts of the vehicle, such as the engine coolant temperature, the in-vehicle temperature, and the battery temperature. According to the temperatures monitored by the temperature sensor, the relevant control system can take corresponding measures, such as adjusting the cooling or heating power of the air conditioning system and controlling the battery's heat dissipation system.

[0088] The presence and normal operation of multiple sensors enable the vehicle's electrical system to comprehensively monitor various states of the vehicle, thereby achieving precise control and optimized management of the vehicle, improving the overall performance of the vehicle and the user experience.

[0089] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an electrical system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. AsFigure 3 As shown, for sensor signals with high data bandwidth requirements, such as the camera in the figure, it can communicate with the host device 100 through the first bus 310. For the domain controller 221, it can communicate with the host device 100 through the second bus 320. For example, Figure 3 the domain controller 221 in

[0090] can include a left body domain, a right body domain, a front body domain, and a rear body domain. Each domain controller 221 can be connected to multiple ECUs. In this way, it can ensure that big data at the perception level can have better real-time performance. When the number of sensors is large and they are widely distributed, using the domain controller 221 to control multiple ECUs can reduce the occupation of the bus by scattered sensors.

[0091] As an alternative example, the host device 100 can communicate with the first type of slave device 210 through three first buses 310. In addition, the host device 100 can communicate with the second type of slave device 220 through three second buses 320. In this way, three-redundancy backup between the host device 100 and the slave device 200 is achieved, thereby ensuring the security of data communication.

[0092] First, taking the first type of slave device 210 as an in-vehicle image acquisition device as an example, in an autonomous driving vehicle, the camera, as an in-vehicle image acquisition device, the data it generates is crucial for the vehicle's environmental perception and decision-making. Assume that multiple cameras are installed in front of the vehicle for environmental monitoring from different perspectives. A large amount of image data generated by these cameras needs to be transmitted to the host device in a timely and stable manner. If only one optical fiber bus is used for connection, once this bus fails, such as the optical fiber being damaged or the optical fiber interface becoming loose, etc., it will cause the camera data not to be transmitted to the host device 100, thereby affecting the autonomous driving system's judgment of the road conditions ahead.

[0093] The host device 100 and the vehicle-mounted image acquisition device are connected by at least two first buses 310. When one of the fiber optic buses fails, data can be transmitted through the other normal fiber optic bus. This redundant design can greatly improve the reliability of the communication system, ensuring that the data of the first type of slave device 210 can still be accurately transmitted to the host device in various complex environments and possible fault conditions. The same applies to other first type of slave devices 210 such as radar sensors and positioning devices. The accuracy and timeliness of the data they generate are also crucial for the safety and normal operation of the vehicle. The multi-fiber optic bus connection method provides reliable communication guarantee for these devices, thereby improving the fault tolerance of the entire vehicle's electrical system when dealing with faults and enhancing the stability and safety of the system.

[0094] Taking the domain controller as an example again, the power domain controller plays a core role in the management of the vehicle's power system. It needs to communicate frequently with the host device, receive instructions from the host device and feedback the status information of the power system. If there is only one fiber optic bus connection, once this bus fails, it may cause the communication between the power domain controller and the host device to be interrupted. This will affect the host device's control of the power system, and situations such as the engine not working properly and abnormal motor power output may occur, seriously threatening the safety and normal operation of the vehicle.

[0095] The host device 100 and the power domain controller are connected by at least two second buses 320. When one of the fiber optic buses fails, the communication can be switched to the other normal fiber optic bus. Similarly, for other domain controllers 221, such as the body domain controller and the cockpit domain controller, etc., which manage numerous devices in their respective functional areas and interact with the host device, the multi-fiber optic bus connection method ensures the stability of the communication between them and the host device 100. This redundant design can effectively cope with the possible failures of the fiber optic bus, improve the reliability of the entire vehicle's electrical system in complex environments, ensure the normal operation of each functional area of the vehicle, and enhance the overall safety and stability of the vehicle.

[0096] Based on the above architecture of the vehicle's electrical system, in the embodiment of the present application, a ring link (such as a daisy chain) connection method can be used to connect multiple slave devices 200 to the host device 100. A ring link means connecting multiple slave devices 200 in series to form a chain structure. Each slave device 200 usually has two connection ports, one for receiving signals and the other for transmitting signals to the next device.

[0097] Figure 4 It is a communication schematic diagram of an electrical system of a vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application. As Figure 4As shown in the figure, in the embodiment of the present application, the target bus is connected between the sending end and the receiving end of the host device 100, and at least two slave devices 200 are connected in series on the same target bus in sequence, so that the host device 100 and at least two slave devices 200 form a ring communication link. Among them, the target bus includes at least one of the first bus 310 and the second bus 320.

[0098] Taking multiple sensors (such as radar sensors and cameras) in the vehicle's autonomous driving system as an example of the slave device 200. In the ring communication link, the host device 100 can send control instructions to each slave device 200 and receive data. When the host device 100 sends communication data packets with a specific format, these data packets will be transmitted sequentially along the ring link. After each slave device 200 receives the data packet, it can process it according to its own needs. For example, the radar sensor can add the information of the objects around the vehicle detected to the data packet, and the camera can add the captured image data to the data packet.

[0099] Due to the ring communication link structure, data can be transmitted in a loop in the link. Even if a certain slave device 200 or a certain section of the link fails, the data can still be transmitted between the host device 100 and other slave devices 200 through other paths. For example, if a certain radar sensor fails and cannot add data to the data packet normally, the data packet can still bypass this fault point and continue to be transmitted on the ring link, and other normal slave devices can still interact with the host device for data. This ring communication link structure improves the fault tolerance of the vehicle's electrical system, enables the system to maintain normal communication functions in the case of partial device or link failures, thereby enhancing the reliability and stability of the entire system, and is conducive to the normal operation of various functions of the vehicle in a complex driving environment.

[0100] In the embodiment of the present application, the host device 100 is used to send communication data packets with slave device identifiers to the ring communication link. The slave device 200 is used to upload slave device data to the communication data packet when the slave device identifier in the communication data packet matches its own device identifier, so as to realize data communication with the host device 100. This communication mechanism based on device identifiers ensures the accuracy and efficiency of data transmission in the ring communication link.

[0101] In the vehicle's electrical system, multiple slave devices 200 can be connected to the same ring communication link. Taking multiple sensors and controllers in the vehicle as an example, each slave device 200 has its unique function and data requirements. When the communication data packet is transmitted on the ring link, each slave device 200 will check and verify the device identifier in the data packet.

[0102] For example, when the host device 100 needs to obtain the image data of a specific camera, it can send a communication data packet containing the identification of the camera device. This data packet is transmitted along the ring - shaped link. When it reaches the camera, the camera detects that the identification in the data packet matches its own identification, and then uploads the collected image data into the data packet. Other slave devices 200, due to the non - matching of the identification, will not operate on this data packet. This identification - based communication method avoids data chaos when multiple slave devices share the same link. Each slave device 200 only responds to the data packet belonging to itself, improving the pertinence and accuracy of data transmission. At the same time, it also improves the efficiency of the entire communication link, enabling the host device 100 to quickly and accurately obtain the data of the required slave device 200, thereby better managing and controlling the vehicle's electrical system.

[0103] In addition, the slave device 200 is also used to download host data from the communication data packet when the slave device identification in the communication data packet matches its own device identification, so as to realize data communication with the host device 100. In this way, it is possible to upload and download data simultaneously for the slave device 200, improving the efficiency of data transmission.

[0104] Next, take the case where the slave device 200 only uploads data as an example. In one example, the communication data packet can be a carrier null packet. A carrier null packet is a network protocol used to manage data transmission on a shared medium. The carrier null packet plays a role in data carrying and identification in the communication between the host device 100 and the slave device 200.

[0105] In the ring - shaped communication link of the vehicle's electrical system, the host device 100 sends a carrier null packet as the carrier of communication. Taking the communication between the vehicle's sensors and controllers as an example, the carrier null packet has a specific format and frequency and can be stably transmitted on the ring - shaped communication link. Since it is a carrier null packet, it can carry necessary information such as the slave device identification during the transmission process, and at the same time provides space for the empty part for the slave device to upload data.

[0106] When the host device 100 needs to communicate with a certain slave device 200, it sends a carrier null packet with the identification of the slave device. This carrier null packet is transmitted on the ring - shaped link, and the slave device 200 determines whether to respond by identifying the identification in the packet. For example, after a radar sensor receives a carrier null packet with its own identification, it can upload the information of the objects around the vehicle detected at the specified position of this null packet. The use of the carrier null packet simplifies the design of the communication protocol because it provides a unified and predefined framework, making the communication between the host device 100 and the slave device 200 more standardized and easy to implement. At the same time, due to its relatively simple structure, in an environment such as the vehicle's electrical system where high requirements are placed on real - time performance and reliability, it can improve the communication efficiency and stability and reduce the possibility of data transmission errors.

[0107] In the embodiments of the present application, the communication data packet and the slave data are respectively converted from electrical signals into optical signals that match the Passive Optical Network (PON) communication protocol. In a vehicle, some devices may originally generate or process data in the form of electrical signals, such as some traditional sensors or controllers. However, in a communication link based on an optical fiber bus, these electrical signals need to be converted into optical signals for efficient transmission. The PON communication protocol is a protocol suitable for optical fiber communication.

[0108] Taking an ECU in a vehicle as an example, this ECU may communicate with other devices through traditional electrical signals, but when it needs to communicate with the host device 100 or other slave devices connected through an optical fiber bus, it needs to convert the electrical signals it generates into optical signals that match the PON communication protocol. This conversion process involves operations such as signal encoding and modulation. By converting into optical signals of the PON protocol, the advantages of high bandwidth, low loss, and anti - interference of the optical fiber bus can be fully utilized. For example, in the vehicle's autonomous driving system, some sensors initially generate data in the form of electrical signals. After being converted into PON optical signals, they can be transmitted to the host device for processing more quickly and stably through the optical fiber bus. This signal conversion method enables the vehicle's electrical system to be compatible with the communication requirements of different types of devices, integrates traditional electrical signal devices into the communication architecture based on an optical fiber bus, improves the communication efficiency and performance of the entire vehicle's electrical system, and at the same time provides more possibilities for the upgrade and expansion of the vehicle's electrical system.

[0109] In the embodiments of the present application, the slave devices 200 do not communicate directly with each other. As an example, when the host device 100 receives a communication request between the first slave device and the second slave device, it may forward the slave data of the first slave device to the second slave device. Herein, the first slave device and the second slave device are any two different slave devices among the slave devices 200. The first slave device is the slave device that needs to send data, and the second slave device is the slave device that needs to receive data. To reduce the cost of the system and the volume of the slave devices 200, generally, the receivers of the slave devices 200 are low-frequency receivers, which only perform data processing for a relatively small amount of data. Therefore, the first slave device needs to first send the slave data to the host device 100, and then the host device 100 sends the slave data to the second slave device based on data identifiers such as the address information included in the slave data. In this way, the complexity of communication between the slave devices 200 can be simplified, and the reliability and scalability of the system are improved.

[0110] In a specific embodiment, the communication process of the embodiments of the present application may include at least one of the following.

[0111] First, the host device 100 sends a carrier null packet with an ID to the bus 300. Each slave device 200 modulates the information to be sent on the corresponding carrier null packet on the bus to achieve transmission. Meanwhile, the slave device 200 can use the receiver to achieve reception.

[0112] Second, the communication link is in a daisy-chain structure. Each slave device 200 fills in different data by identifying different null packets, so as to achieve data transmission of the first type of slave device 210 (such as multiple cameras) and the second type of slave device 220 (such as a domain controller).

[0113] Next, the host device 100 identifies the slave device that returns the slave data through the sent null packet. For example, if the returned slave data includes image acquisition data, after the corresponding camera is identified, video data processing (such as frame combination and image stitching combination, etc.) is implemented on the system on a chip (SoC) of the host device 100.

[0114] For other sensors with a relatively small amount of data and a large number, the method using copper wire cables can still be used. However, to reduce the use of wire harnesses, the method of adopting a regional architecture can be used. The sensors in each region mainly include ultrasonic sensors, millimeter-wave radars, wheel speeds, control signals and feedback signals in each region, etc.

[0115] Meanwhile, the slave device 200 can also receive the information sent by the master device 100. When communicating between the first slave device and the second slave device, it is necessary to rely on the waveform packet sent by the master device 100 and make a data request to the master device 100. At the same time, the sensor link for big data will not be used for communication between different slave devices 200. Only the data link will be used for communication between domain controllers. The data link will be used to ensure the real-time performance of the link and give priority to data transmission.

[0116] As an example, the domain controller can be divided into four different types: left front, right front, left rear, and right rear, which are respectively responsible for the management and data forwarding of sensors and controllers in the relevant areas. However, only the master device 100 can actively send the carrier wave of the modifiable signal. After the data is finally processed by the master device 100, the master device 100 issues the corresponding execution instructions. Different from the domain controller architecture implemented by the network interface, the processing pressure can be shared and different nodes can communicate with each other. In an alternative example, the embodiments of the present application define that the master device 100 is responsible for processing. Nodes of the slave device 200 do not directly communicate with nodes of another slave device 200 and need to be forwarded by the master device 100. Communication between different slave devices 200 requires the master device 100 to send an empty packet to achieve.

[0117] The embodiments of the present application provide a brand-new electronic and electrical architecture and the main operation logic under this architecture, optimizing problems such as loss, weight, and cost that cannot be solved by the communication bus for transmitting electrical signals in related solutions. In addition, in the current situation where the requirements for intelligence are becoming increasingly strict, the demand for data bandwidth is also increasing day by day. Fiber optic technology provides a medium guarantee for future bandwidth requirements for big data transmission.

[0118] The master device 100 of the embodiments of the present application can access any slave device 200. Each network switching unit (RING CORE) has a backup link. For the first type of slave device 210, for example, data from multiple cameras and radars can enter the RING TS-PON Bridge directly through a node via multimode fiber (with multiple virtual channels), and then be fed back to the computing unit of the master device 100. And this dual-ring network can maintain the original in-vehicle domain control distribution architecture.

[0119] Compared with the traditional EEA architecture, the line loss power consumption of the embodiments of the present application is optimized significantly, bringing a better user experience. It can flexibly cope with various application scenarios, has strong future expandability, and is more widely used. At the same time, it can also reduce the weight caused by the wire harness length and has better electromagnetic compatibility performance. In addition, the large-bandwidth data and small-bandwidth data for intelligent driving are completely separated to isolate the data;

[0120] On this basis, the embodiments of the present application provide a practical solution. For example, each terminal can achieve high-bandwidth data upload and download. Moreover, it supports rich interface conversions, directly converting various communication protocols into PON protocols. In theory, each host device can control the networks of hundreds of slave devices of users. Additionally, on the same optical cable, data upload and download of slave devices can be carried out simultaneously by using different wavelengths for transmission. During transmission, optical splitting and combining under the PON protocol can ensure data separation and non-interference. Thus, the architecture of the embodiments of the present application is based on optical fiber communication, using an optical fiber bus to separate large-data-volume sensors from small-data-volume sensors, without interference, and seeking an optimal solution in dimensions such as performance, security, and cost.

[0121] On the basis described above, the embodiments of the present application further provide a data communication method for a vehicle. In this data communication method, the host device of the vehicle respectively sends communication data packets to the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device through the first bus and the second bus, so as to realize data communication between the host device and the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device respectively.

[0122] As an example, the host device can send a first communication data packet to the first type of slave device through the first bus, and send a second communication data packet to the second type of slave device through the second bus. Among them, the first communication data packet and the second communication data packet can carry a communication identifier, and the communication identifier is used to identify the type of communication data or the target slave device of the data communication. For example, the communication representation can carry the device identifier of the target slave device that the host device needs to perform data communication with.

[0123] In this embodiment, taking the central domain controller of an automobile as the host device as an example. The first bus and the second bus respectively undertake the data transmission tasks of different types of slave devices. For example, the central domain controller needs to send an instruction data packet for collecting images of a specific area to an in-vehicle image acquisition device, and this data packet is transmitted through the first bus as the first communication data packet. At the same time, a data packet for querying the status of the vehicle power system is sent to the domain controller of the vehicle, and is transmitted through the second bus as the second communication data packet. Each data packet carries a communication identifier. For example, "IMG_CMD" represents the type of communication data related to image acquisition, and "PWR_QRY" represents the type of communication data related to querying the status of the power system, so that the slave device can accurately identify the purpose of the data packet.

[0124] Further, based on the master device and at least two slave devices forming a ring communication link in the electrical system of the aforementioned vehicle, in this data communication method, when a slave device on the ring communication link receives the communication data packet, it determines whether the communication data packet carries the device identifier of the slave device. If it carries the device identifier of the slave device, the slave device uploads slave data to the communication data packet. For example, the communication data packet is a carrier null packet carrying the target slave device. When the carrier null packet is sent to the target slave device on the ring link, the target slave device uploads the corresponding slave data to the carrier null packet to send the slave data to the master device through the carrier null packet.

[0125] As an example, when the in-vehicle image acquisition device receives the communication data packet, it first checks whether the device identifier in the communication data packet matches its own device identifier. When they match, it uploads the acquired image data according to the communication identifier "IMG_CMD" in the communication data packet. Suppose the central domain controller requests to acquire images within 100 meters in front of the vehicle at this time. The in-vehicle image acquisition device acquires the image data (slave data) according to the requirement, and then sends the image data back to the central domain controller through the first bus.

[0126] Further, in this data communication method, the master device further extracts the slave data from the communication data packet and processes the slave data according to the device identifier of the slave device.

[0127] As an example, taking the scenario of an autonomous driving vehicle as an example, the central domain controller receives the image data from the in-vehicle image acquisition device. The central domain controller reads the device identifier of the image acquisition device in the image data packet to determine the source of the image data, so as to perform corresponding data processing according to the source of the image data, such as performing central control display or storing the driving image record, etc.

[0128] Further, in this data communication method, the master device can also judge whether the slave device has a fault according to the slave data. If there is a fault, it generates a fault message and sends it to the vehicle's central control platform to give a fault prompt through the central control platform.

[0129] For example, taking the scenario of an autonomous vehicle as an example again, after the central domain controller receives the image data from the in-vehicle image acquisition device, it will analyze the image data. For example, under normal circumstances, the image should clearly display information such as the road, vehicles, and obstacles within 100 meters in front of the vehicle. If the image shows large areas of blurring, a black screen, or missing key information, etc., the central domain controller determines that the in-vehicle image acquisition device may be faulty. Another example is that for the power system data sent by the vehicle domain controller, if the output power fluctuates abnormally beyond the normal range (such as the normal output power is between 80 - 120 kilowatts, while the current data shows 150 kilowatts), or the battery power display is abnormal (such as the power suddenly drops from 80% to 20% without a reasonable power consumption record), the central domain controller determines that the domain controller may be faulty. Once it is determined that the slave device is faulty, the central domain controller generates detailed fault information, such as "The image of the in-vehicle image acquisition device is abnormal, possibly due to lens contamination or device hardware failure", "The power system data of the vehicle domain controller is abnormal, and the power exceeds the normal range", etc., and sends this fault information to the vehicle's central control platform. The central control platform can inform the driver by means of voice prompts such as "Please note that the in-vehicle image acquisition device has a fault" or by displaying corresponding text prompts on the display screen.

[0130] Furthermore, in this data communication method, when the communication data packet carries the device identifier of the slave device, the slave device downloads the host data from the communication data packet.

[0131] As an example, assume that the central domain controller sends an upgrade program data packet to a specific in-vehicle image acquisition device. This data packet not only carries the communication identifier "IMG_UPG" indicating that this is the upgrade data for the image acquisition device, but also carries the unique device identifier "CAM_001" of this in-vehicle image acquisition device. When the in-vehicle image acquisition device with the device identifier "CAM_001" receives this data packet, it recognizes that the device identifier in the data packet matches itself, and the communication identifier indicates that it is upgrade data, so it downloads the host data from this communication data packet for program upgrade to improve the image acquisition and processing capabilities.

[0132] Furthermore, in this data communication method, in response to a bandwidth allocation request, the host device can also allocate bandwidth to the first bus and the second bus.

[0133] As an example, taking the scenario of the driving process of an autonomous vehicle as an example, different working scenario requirements may occur. For example, when the vehicle enters a complex road condition area, more sensor data is required to assist in autonomous driving decisions. At this time, first-type slave devices such as in-vehicle image acquisition devices, radar sensors, and positioning devices require a large amount of bandwidth to transmit real-time collected data, such as high-definition images, accurate radar detection data, and precise positioning information. These devices will send bandwidth allocation requests to the central domain controller. After receiving the requests, the central domain controller performs bandwidth allocation according to the current working state of the vehicle and the urgency of the requirements of each device. Assume that the total bandwidth of the first bus is 100 Mbps and the total bandwidth of the second bus is 80 Mbps. In complex road conditions, the central domain controller may allocate 60 Mbps of the first bus bandwidth to the in-vehicle image acquisition device, 20 Mbps to the radar sensor, and 20 Mbps to the positioning device; allocate 40 Mbps of the second bus bandwidth to the vehicle domain controller for processing data related to the power system, and 40 Mbps to other relevant domain controllers for processing other system data. Through reasonable bandwidth allocation, it is ensured that each slave device can efficiently transmit data and meet the operation requirements of the vehicle in different scenarios. In addition, the bandwidth allocation request can also be manually set by the user through the vehicle's central control platform according to the needs of the actual application scenario. This embodiment does not limit the source and implementation method of the bandwidth allocation situation.

[0134] Further, in this data communication method, when the vehicle starts, the host device can also send configuration instructions to the first-type slave device and the second-type slave device through the first bus and the second bus respectively, so that the first-type slave device and the second-type slave device perform parameter configuration according to the configuration instructions.

[0135] As an example, when the vehicle starts, the central domain controller starts to work as the host device. For example, configuration instructions can be sent to the in-vehicle image acquisition device (the first type of slave device) via the first bus, such as requesting to set the image acquisition resolution to 1920×1080 pixels, the acquisition frequency to 30 frames per second, and the field of view angle to 120 degrees, etc. Configuration instructions are sent to the radar sensor (the first type of slave device) to set parameters such as the detection distance range to 0 - 200 meters and the scanning frequency to 10 times per second. Configuration instructions are sent to the positioning device (the first type of slave device) to require the positioning accuracy to be within 0.1 meters, etc. At the same time, configuration instructions are sent to the domain controller of the vehicle (the second type of slave device) via the second bus, such as setting the initial operating mode of the power system to the economy mode and the charging threshold of the battery management system to 20% - 80%, etc. After each slave device receives the corresponding configuration instructions, it configures its own parameters according to the parameter requirements in the instructions to ensure that it can work with appropriate parameters during the vehicle operation, providing accurate data support and system guarantee for the normal operation and autonomous driving function of the vehicle. Among them, the configuration instructions can be manually set by the user or automatically generated according to the user profile obtained from the user's vehicle usage habits, and this embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0136] Figure 5 It is a structural block diagram of a vehicle 500 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 5 shown, the vehicle may include the electrical system 510 of the aforementioned vehicle.

[0137] In summary, the electrical system, data communication method, and vehicle of the vehicle provided in the present application adopt a multi-bus communication architecture design. For example, by setting the first bus to connect the host device and the first type of slave device, and the second bus to connect the host device and the second type of slave device, effective separation of data transmission of different types of slave devices is achieved, avoiding mutual interference of different data flows and different natures of data during transmission. For example, sensor signals with a large amount of data can be transmitted through one bus to ensure its real-time performance, while other devices with a small amount of data communicate through another bus, thereby improving the overall communication efficiency of the vehicle. Further, compared with the traditional vehicle electrical architecture, by separating and designing slave devices with different data amounts through multiple buses, the line loss power consumption can be significantly reduced. At the same time, different types of data are transmitted separately, reducing data conflicts and redundant transmissions, reducing the overall power consumption of the system, providing better energy utilization efficiency for the vehicle, and improving the user experience.

[0138] In addition, different buses can be flexibly configured to connect different devices according to actual needs. Whether it is for the access of future new sensors or the replacement of existing devices, it can be easily coped with, greatly enhancing the adaptability of the system and can be widely applied to various vehicle types and automotive application scenarios. Moreover, this design effectively reduces the use of wiring harnesses and achieves vehicle lightweighting. At the same time, the independent bus design helps to improve the electromagnetic compatibility performance and ensure the stable and reliable operation of the vehicle's electrical system, providing strong support for the intelligent development of automobiles.

[0139] The vehicle in the embodiment of the present application can be a fuel vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, a new energy vehicle, etc., and the present application does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0140] It should also be noted that the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, method, commodity or device including the element.

[0141] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and do not impose any form of limitation on the present application. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present application still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrical system of a vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a host device, a first type of slave device, and a second type of slave device. The host device is communicatively connected to the first type of slave device through a first bus and communicatively connected to the second type of slave device through a second bus.

2. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first bus and the second bus is an optical fiber bus.

3. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first type of slave device includes at least one of an in-vehicle image acquisition device, a radar sensor, and a positioning device.

4. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second type of slave device includes a domain controller.

5. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that, It further includes at least one functional component communicatively connected to the domain controller. The functional component includes a sensor and / or an electronic control unit.

6. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The at least one functional component is communicatively connected to the domain controller through a communication bus that transmits electrical signals.

7. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The communication bus that transmits electrical signals includes at least one of a CAN bus, a LIN bus, a MOST bus, an Ethernet bus, and an RS485 communication bus implemented using copper cables.

8. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The at least one functional component is communicatively connected to the domain controller through an optical fiber bus.

9. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The functional component includes at least one of an engine sensor, a motor sensor, a steering sensor, a suspension sensor, a door sensor, a window sensor, and a temperature sensor.

10. The electrical system of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The host device is communicatively connected to the first type of slave device through at least two first buses.

11. The electrical system of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The host device is communicatively connected to the second type of slave device through at least two second buses.

12. The electrical system of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, A target bus is connected between the sending end and the receiving end of the host device. At least two slave devices are serially connected in sequence on the target bus, such that the host device and at least two of the slave devices form a ring communication link; wherein, the target bus includes at least one of the first bus and the second bus.

13. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that, The host device is configured to send a communication data packet with a slave device identifier to the ring communication link; The slave device is configured to upload slave data to the communication data packet when the slave device identifier in the communication data packet matches its own device identifier, so as to implement data communication with the host device.

14. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that, The communication data packet is a carrier empty packet.

15. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that, The communication data packet and the slave data are respectively converted from electrical signals into optical signals that match the PON communication protocol.

16. The electrical system of a vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that, The slave device is further configured to download host data from the communication data packet when the slave device identifier in the communication data packet matches its own device identifier, so as to implement data communication with the host device.

17. The electrical system of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, When the host device receives a communication request between a first slave device and a second slave device, it forwards the slave data of the first slave device to the second slave device.

18. A data communication method for a vehicle, characterized in that, The method includes: The host device of the vehicle respectively sends communication data packets to the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device through the first bus and the second bus, so as to implement data communication between the host device and the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device respectively.

19. The vehicle data communication method according to claim 18, characterized in that, A target bus is connected between the sending end and the receiving end of the host device, and at least two slave devices are serially connected to the target bus in sequence, so that the host device and at least two slave devices form a ring communication link; wherein, the target bus includes at least one of the first bus and the second bus; The method further includes: When the slave device on the ring communication link receives the communication data packet, it determines whether the communication data packet carries the device identifier of the slave device. If it carries the device identifier of the slave device, the slave device uploads slave data to the communication data packet.

20. The vehicle data communication method according to claim 19, wherein The method further includes: The host device extracts the slave data from the communication data packet and processes the slave data according to the device identifier of the slave device.

21. The vehicle data communication method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The method further includes: The host device determines whether the slave device has a fault according to the slave data. If there is a fault, it generates fault information and sends it to the vehicle's central control platform for fault prompt through the central control platform.

22. The vehicle data communication method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the communication data packet carries the device identifier of the slave device, the slave device downloads host data from the communication data packet.

23. The data communication method of a vehicle according to any one of claims 18-22, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to a bandwidth allocation request, the host device allocates bandwidth to the first bus and the second bus.

24. The data communication method of a vehicle according to any one of claims 18-22, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the vehicle starts, the host device sends configuration instructions to the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device through the first bus and the second bus respectively, so that the first type of slave device and the second type of slave device perform parameter configuration according to the configuration instructions.

25. A vehicle, characterized in that, An electrical system of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

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