Wind power-photothermal-photovoltaic integrated energy system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar power generation, in particular to a wind power-photo-thermal-photovoltaic integrated energy system. Comprising a wind power generation mechanism, the wind power generation mechanism comprises a tower, and a generator cabin and wind power blades are arranged at the top of the tower; the photo-thermal power generation mechanism comprises a heat collector installed in the middle of the tower barrel, a plurality of reflectors are arranged on the ground around the tower barrel, and the heat collector receives sunlight focused by the reflectors and heats heat conduction fluid. The photovoltaic power generation mechanism comprises a first photovoltaic cell assembly located on the peripheral wall of the tower drum, a second photovoltaic cell assembly located on the back face of the reflecting mirror and a third photovoltaic cell assembly located on the surface of the wind power blade. The reflecting mirror is used for reflecting sunlight to the heat collector or the first photovoltaic battery assembly; the wind power generation mechanism, the photo-thermal power generation mechanism and the photovoltaic power generation mechanism are all connected with the energy management system. Wind power, photo-thermal and photovoltaic are fully combined, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, power fluctuation is reduced, and the stability and adaptability of the system are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar power generation, and in particular to a wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of the global energy structure transformation towards low - carbon and clean energy, the development and utilization of renewable energy have become the key to solving energy crises and environmental problems. Wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and solar thermal power generation, as three major renewable energy technologies, have been widely used globally. However, a single energy system has certain limitations and is difficult to meet the requirements of large - scale and stable power supply.

[0003] Due to its advantages such as mature technology and low unit cost, wind power generation has been widely promoted globally. However, its power generation is greatly affected by wind speed fluctuations. Especially under low wind speed or extreme climate conditions, the power generation power drops significantly, leading to difficulties in grid dispatching. Photovoltaic power generation technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules has been continuously improved. Especially, the perovskite / silicon tandem photovoltaic technology has broken through 30% efficiency, becoming an important direction for high - efficiency photovoltaic power generation. However, photovoltaic power generation is greatly affected by day - night changes and climate conditions, and there are problems of intermittency and volatility. In contrast, concentrating solar power (CSP) has better energy storage capabilities and can continuously supply power under non - illuminated conditions through molten salt energy storage technology. However, its construction cost is high, and it has strict requirements for sunlight conditions, mainly applicable to high - radiation areas. In addition, traditional solar thermal power plants usually require a large area of land to deploy mirrors and tower collectors, resulting in low land utilization rate per unit.

[0004] Currently, wind power, photovoltaic, and solar thermal systems usually operate independently, each with volatility problems, posing challenges to the stability of the power grid. In recent years, some studies have proposed wind - solar complementary systems or solar thermal - photovoltaic coupled systems to improve energy utilization efficiency. For example, the wind - power - photovoltaic complementary power generation system improves the stability of power generation through the complementary characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic power, but there are still problems of simultaneous fluctuations of wind and light, and the energy storage cost is high. The photovoltaic - solar thermal coupled system uses solar thermal energy storage to improve power supply stability, but the system design is complex and cannot solve the problem of wind power fluctuations. Therefore, how to efficiently integrate the three renewable energies of wind power, photovoltaic, and solar thermal to form a stable, efficient, and economic energy system is one of the important research directions in the current new energy field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system, which combines wind power, solar thermal, and photovoltaic to improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce power fluctuations, and enhance the stability and adaptability of the system.

[0006] The present invention provides a wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system, which includes a wind power generation mechanism, a photovoltaic power generation mechanism, and a solar thermal power generation mechanism;

[0007] The wind power generation mechanism includes a tower barrel. A generator nacelle and wind power blades are provided at the top of the tower barrel. A generator is provided inside the generator nacelle, and the wind power blades are connected to the generator;

[0008] The solar thermal power generation mechanism includes a collector installed in the middle of the tower barrel. A plurality of support frames are provided on the ground around the tower barrel, and reflectors are provided on the support frames. The collector is connected to a heat storage device or a heat exchanger through a medium transportation pipeline. The collector receives the sunlight focused by the reflectors and heats the heat - conducting fluid, and the heated heat - conducting fluid is transported to the heat storage device or the heat exchanger;

[0009] The photovoltaic power generation mechanism includes a first photovoltaic cell module on the outer peripheral wall of the tower barrel, a second photovoltaic cell module on the back of the reflector, and a third photovoltaic cell module on the surface of the wind power blades; the reflector is used to reflect sunlight onto the collector or the first photovoltaic cell module;

[0010] The wind power generation mechanism, the solar thermal power generation mechanism, and the photovoltaic power generation mechanism are all connected to an energy management system.

[0011] Further, the collector is also connected to a return pipeline, and the return pipeline is connected to the heat storage device or the heat exchanger. The cooled heat - conducting fluid is transported to the collector through the return pipeline for reheating.

[0012] Further, a cooling and heat dissipation system is also included. The cooling and heat dissipation system includes ventilation openings reserved at the top and bottom of the tower barrel and a liquid cooling system provided inside the generator nacelle.

[0013] Further, an adjustable support is provided in the middle of the tower barrel, and the collector is provided on the adjustable support. An angle sensor for measuring the angle of the collector is provided on the adjustable support.

[0014] Further, the support frame is a tracking - type photovoltaic support frame, and the light - receiving surface of the reflector is arranged opposite to the light - receiving surface of the second photovoltaic cell module;

[0015] The tracking - type photovoltaic support frame is connected to a control system. The control system calculates the solar azimuth angle and altitude angle, and controls the tracking - type photovoltaic support frame to adjust the tilt angle of the reflector. When the light is strong, the sunlight is accurately focused on the collector; when the solar thermal load is saturated or solar thermal concentration is not required, the control system adjusts the tilt angle of the reflector so that the first photovoltaic cell module receives the reflected light.

[0016] Optimal angle of the mirror where θ s is the solar incident angle, and θ t is the angle between the connecting line between the collector and the mirror and the horizontal line.

[0017] Furthermore, the second photovoltaic cell module sequentially includes a phase change material layer, a heat conduction layer, and a photovoltaic cell from top to bottom, and further includes a temperature control and regulation system. The temperature control and regulation system includes a temperature sensor, an infrared thermal imaging sensor, and a controller. The temperature sensors are provided on both the photovoltaic cell and the phase change material layer, the infrared thermal imaging sensor is provided on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, and both the temperature sensor and the infrared thermal imaging sensor are connected to the controller.

[0018] Furthermore, the phase change material layer is encapsulated in a honeycomb structure, including a packaging board made of aluminum alloy material. The packaging board is provided with a honeycomb structure composed of a plurality of hexagonal grids closely arranged, and the phase change material is provided inside the hexagonal grids; a microchannel is embedded inside the honeycomb structure, and the phase change material inside each hexagonal grid is in contact with the microchannel; the packaging board is provided with a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet connected to the microchannel, the cooling medium inlet and the cooling medium outlet are respectively connected to a liquid cooling device, and the liquid cooling device is connected to the controller.

[0019] Furthermore, the phase change material layer is encapsulated in a flexible coating, including a phase change material, and the phase change material is directly coated on the back of the mirror or the heat conduction layer after being mixed with thermal conductive silica gel.

[0020] Furthermore, the phase change material layer is encapsulated in a microcapsule structure, including a heat conduction substrate, and a plurality of microcapsules are provided inside the heat conduction substrate, and the phase change material is provided inside the microcapsules.

[0021] Furthermore, the phase change material layer is encapsulated in a packaging groove, including a packaging groove made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy material. A cavity is provided inside the packaging groove, the cavity is filled with a phase change material, and a corrugated structure or a fin structure is provided on the side wall of the cavity.

[0022] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] The system provided by the present invention integrates a photovoltaic cell and a solar thermal collector on a wind power tower to improve the power generation capacity per unit area; integrates a photovoltaic cell module on the surface of a wind turbine blade to make full use of the solar radiation received at different angles during the rotation of the blade to improve the photovoltaic power generation; installs a collector on the tower and combines it with a ground mirror to improve the solar-thermal conversion efficiency; integrates a photovoltaic cell module on the back of the mirror, which can be used for photovoltaic power generation when there is no need for solar-thermal reflection.

[0024] The integrated wind power-solar thermal-photovoltaic energy system provided by the present invention has significant advantages in terms of comprehensive energy utilization, power generation efficiency, and system stability compared with traditional single wind power or solar thermal power generation systems. Through the efficient integration of wind power, solar thermal, and photovoltaic, it breaks through the limitations of traditional single energy systems, improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, reduces power fluctuations, enhances the system adaptability and reliability, and has broad promotion value in new energy application scenarios in western deserts, plateaus, and coastal areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated wind power-solar thermal-photovoltaic energy system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the tower barrel in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the support frame in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the square frame in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the phase change material layer in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the phase change material layer in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the phase change material layer in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0033] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1 - tower barrel; 101 - generator nacelle; 102 - cable duct; 103 - ventilation opening; 2 - collector; 201 - medium conveying pipeline; 202 - return pipeline; 3 - wind power blade; 4 - first photovoltaic cell module; 5 - reflector; 6 - second photovoltaic cell module; 601 - phase change material layer; 6011 - encapsulation plate; 6012 - hexagonal grid; 6013 - microchannel; 6014 - cooling medium inlet; 6015 - cooling medium outlet; 6016 - heat conducting substrate; 6017 - microcapsule; 6018 - encapsulation groove; 6019 - fin; 602 - heat conduction layer; 603 - photovoltaic cell; 7 - support frame; 701 - bottom plate; 702 - column; 703 - fixing plate; 704 - driving motor; 705 - connecting plate; 706 - square frame; 707 - electric telescopic rod; 708 - supporting plate; 8 - third photovoltaic cell module; 9 - high-temperature heat storage tank; 10 - low-temperature heat storage tank. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0036] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] A wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, includes a wind power generation mechanism, a photovoltaic power generation mechanism and a solar thermal power generation mechanism. The wind power generation mechanism, the solar thermal power generation mechanism and the photovoltaic power generation mechanism are all connected to an energy management system, and through the control algorithm of the energy management system, the wind power, solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation devices are coordinately controlled.

[0039] The wind power generation mechanism includes a tower barrel 1. At the top of the tower barrel 1, there is a generator nacelle 101 and wind power blades 3. Inside the generator nacelle 101, there is a generator, and the wind power blades 3 are connected to the generator. If a direct - drive wind turbine is adopted, the main shaft is directly connected to a permanent - magnet synchronous generator, reducing the loss of the gearbox and improving the reliability. If a doubly - fed induction generator (DFIG) is adopted, a gearbox needs to be configured to adjust the speed. A pitch system can also be set to adjust the angle of the wind power blades 3 to optimize the utilization of wind energy. Inside the tower barrel 1, there is a cable channel 102, and inside the cable channel 102, there are cables to avoid damage caused by external weathering.

[0040] The solar thermal power generation mechanism includes a collector 2, which is installed in the middle of the tower barrel 1 at a certain distance from the top generator nacelle 101 to reduce the shadow occlusion during the rotation of the wind turbine. A plurality of support frames 7 are provided on the ground around the tower barrel 1, and reflectors 5 are provided on the support frames 7. The collector 2 is connected to a heat storage device or a heat exchanger through a medium conveying pipeline 201. The collector 2 receives the sunlight focused by the reflector 5 and heats the heat-conducting fluid, and the heated heat-conducting fluid is transported to the heat storage device or the heat exchanger. The collector 2 is also connected to a return pipeline 202, and the return pipeline 202 is connected to the heat storage device or the heat exchanger. The cooled heat-conducting fluid is transported to the collector 2 through the return pipeline 202 for the next round of heating. Both the medium conveying pipeline 201 and the return pipeline 202 are located inside the tower barrel 1 and are arranged separately from the cable channel 102 to prevent thermal influence. At the same time, the cable channel 102 adopts a fireproof and high-temperature-resistant sheath to avoid contact with high-temperature pipelines.

[0041] The heat storage device is a device conventionally used in this field in cooperation with the collector 2. For example, it includes a high-temperature heat storage tank 9 and a low-temperature heat storage tank 10. The medium conveying pipeline 201 is connected to the high-temperature heat storage tank 9, and the return pipeline 202 is connected to the low-temperature heat storage tank 10.

[0042] The collector 2 adopts a spiral heat collection tube or a solar tower (such as an absorber bundle) to improve the thermal efficiency. The surface of the tube body of the collector 2 is coated with a highly selective absorption coating (such as a Mo-Al2O3 nano-coating) to maximize the absorption of visible light and near-infrared light while reducing heat radiation loss. The heat-conducting fluid adopts molten salt (NaNO3-KNO3 eutectic) or supercritical CO2 as the heat-conducting fluid to improve the heat storage capacity and heat conversion efficiency.

[0043] The medium conveying pipeline 201 and the return pipeline 202 adopt a double-layer pipeline structure to prevent heat loss and pipeline damage. High-temperature-resistant alloys (such as Hastelloy or Inconel) are used in the high-temperature zone (≧500°C). Stainless steel pipelines are used in the medium-temperature zone. Thermal insulation measures are added to the outside of the medium conveying pipeline 201 and the return pipeline 202, and a ceramic fiber thermal insulation layer is wrapped outside the pipeline to reduce heat loss.

[0044] The layout method of the ground reflector 5: a multi-angle adjustable array layout, which can be intelligently adjusted according to the solar angle to ensure that the light is reflected to the collector 2 maximally. The reflector 5 adopts a glass mirror or an aluminum alloy mirror surface with a high reflectivity silver-based coating to reduce energy loss. A self-cleaning nano-coating is provided on the surface of the reflector 5 to reduce dust accumulation and improve long-term stability.

[0045] In order to support the wind power equipment and the solar thermal equipment, a high-strength support structure needs to be equipped inside the tower barrel 1. The tower barrel 1 adopts high-strength steel or carbon fiber reinforced composite material (CFRP) to ensure light weight and high load-bearing capacity. A corrosion-resistant coating is provided on the outside of the tower barrel 1 to avoid damage caused by molten salt gas or high-temperature oxidation.

[0046] The collector 2 is installed on the tower barrel 1 through a bracket. An annular platform can be set outside the tower barrel 1 to support the bracket. The bracket in this embodiment adopts an adjustable bracket for installing a collector in the prior art to control the angle of the collector to optimize the heat absorption efficiency. At the same time, an angle sensor is installed on the adjustable bracket to measure the angle of the collector 2. The bracket can also adopt a high-temperature heat-resistant support structure (such as ceramic fiber + metal frame) to reduce the influence of thermal stress.

[0047] The photovoltaic power generation mechanism includes a first photovoltaic cell module 4 on the outer peripheral wall of the tower barrel 1, a second photovoltaic cell module 6 on the back of the reflector 5, and a third photovoltaic cell module 8 on the surface of the wind turbine blade 3; the reflector 5 is used to reflect sunlight to the collector 2 or the first photovoltaic cell module 4. The first photovoltaic module 4 includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells, and the photovoltaic cells adopt flexible photovoltaic modules (such as perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, CIGS thin-film cells) that can adapt to the arc surface of the tower barrel 1.

[0048] The third photovoltaic cell module 8 attached to the surface of the wind turbine blade 3 adopts a high-efficiency flexible photovoltaic cell, such as a perovskite solar cell, a silicon solar cell, or a perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell, and at the same time adopts a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer and anti-ultraviolet aging encapsulation to improve the service life of the second photovoltaic cell module 6 in a harsh wind environment. Integrating the photovoltaic cell module on the surface of the wind turbine blade 3 makes full use of the solar radiation received at different angles during the rotation of the blade to increase the photovoltaic power generation.

[0049] The support frame 7 adopts a conventional tracking-type photovoltaic support in the art. In this embodiment, a two-axis tracking support is adopted. The two-axis tracking support has two rotation axes, allowing the reflector 5 to freely rotate in the vertical (pitch angle) and horizontal directions (azimuth angle), enabling the reflector 5 to simultaneously track sunlight in the azimuth angle and altitude angle, so as to keep the reflector 5 perpendicular to the sun's rays. Based on the tracking-type photovoltaic support and the installation of photovoltaic cells in the prior art, a reflector 5 is provided on the installation frame of the photovoltaic cell in the present invention. Therefore, the reflector 5 and the second photovoltaic cell module 6 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom inside the installation frame 5. The light receiving surface of the reflector 5 and the light receiving surface of the second photovoltaic cell module 6 are arranged in opposite directions. A photovoltaic unit is integrated on the back of the reflector 5, which can be used for photovoltaic power generation when light heat reflection is not required.

[0050] The tracking-type photovoltaic support is connected to the control system. The control system calculates the solar azimuth angle and altitude angle, thereby controlling the tracking-type photovoltaic support to adjust the tilt angle of the reflector 5 so that the sunlight is accurately focused on the collector 2.

[0051] When the daytime sunlight is strong, the reflector 5 concentrates sunlight onto the collector 2. The control system calculates the solar azimuth and altitude angles, and controls the tracking photovoltaic support to adjust, so that the sunlight reflected by the reflector 5 is accurately focused onto the collector 2 in the middle of the tower barrel 1, improving the photothermal conversion efficiency. Since the solar angle is constantly changing, the control system will adjust the angle of the reflector 5 in real time to ensure that sunlight is reflected to the target area to the greatest extent.

[0052] When the photothermal load is saturated or not needed, it switches to the photovoltaic mode, and adjusts the tilt angle of the reflector 5 so that the second photovoltaic cell module 6 directly absorbs sunlight for power generation.

[0053] Calculate the optimal angle θ of the reflector 5 m , where θ s is the solar incidence angle, and θ t is the angle between the connection line between the collector 2 and the reflector 5 and the horizontal line.

[0054] The tracking photovoltaic support can automatically adjust the tilt angles of the reflector 5 and the second photovoltaic cell module 6 to maximize the photovoltaic power generation and photothermal efficiency. A wind speed and direction sensor can also be installed on the support frame 7 to detect the wind speed and direction, and optimize the tilt angle of the reflector 5 under strong wind conditions. When the wind speed is low (<15m / s), the reflector 5 operates normally and adjusts the angle in real time to optimize the utilization of light energy. When the wind speed is medium (15m / s - 25m / s), the angle of the reflector 5 is reduced to make it parallel to the wind direction to reduce the wind load. When the wind speed is too high (>25m / s), the reflector 5 folds or adheres to the ground / tower barrel and is locked to prevent damage by the wind.

[0055] The power dispatching system for photovoltaic, wind power, and solar thermal uses an intelligent power converter (PCS) to achieve dynamic regulation of the power output of wind power, photovoltaic, and solar thermal. A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is used to reduce transmission losses.

[0056] At the same time, a cooling and heat dissipation system is also set up. Since there is heat from the wind power generator and high temperature in the collector 2 inside the tower barrel 1, a heat dissipation system needs to be set up. Natural convection cooling: Ventilation openings 103 are reserved at the top and bottom of the tower barrel 1 to form air convection and reduce the internal temperature. Active cooling system: A liquid cooling system is configured inside the generator nacelle 101 to transfer the excess heat outside the tower barrel 1.

[0057] When designing and manufacturing, a maintenance passage needs to be designed inside the tower barrel 1 for maintenance personnel to enter. A vertical ladder and a lifting platform can be set inside the tower barrel 1, which is suitable for the maintenance of high-rise equipment. Multiple inspection openings are set on the side wall of the tower barrel 1 for maintaining the solar thermal system and the wind turbine.

[0058] The ground mirror field of the solar thermal power generation mechanism provided in this embodiment uses mirrors with dynamically adjustable reflection angles. Combined with the photovoltaic power generation unit, it forms an efficient light energy utilization system. Its core objectives are as follows: improving the light concentration ability of the solar thermal system to ensure that the collector can obtain the best illumination at different solar altitude angles; increasing the photovoltaic power generation efficiency on the surface of the tower barrel by dynamically adjusting the light distribution through the adjustable mirrors; intelligently adjusting the mirror reflection angle to avoid the influence of extreme weather such as strong winds, improving the reliability and durability of the system. When the temperature of the collector is too high (such as >600 °C), the mirror is adjusted to the photovoltaic mode to prevent overheating damage. When the photovoltaic energy storage is full, the system switches to the solar thermal mode to improve the heat collection utilization rate.

[0059] The wind power-solar thermal-photovoltaic integrated energy system provided in this embodiment is applicable to large-scale wind farms and can be applied in areas with rich wind resources and high light intensity, such as the deserts and plateaus in the northwest; it can also be used in hybrid energy power stations, which are suitable for regions with rich wind energy and solar energy resources, such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet and other places.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] A wind power-solar thermal-photovoltaic integrated energy system. The technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that: the support frame 7 in this embodiment is different from that in Embodiment 1.

[0062] As Figure 3 shown, the support frame 7 in this embodiment includes a bottom plate 701, which is fixed to the ground by bolts. Two columns 702 are symmetrically fixed on the top of the bottom plate 701. A fixing plate 703 is fixed on the top of the columns 702. A driving motor 704 is fixed on the fixing plate 703. The output shaft of the driving motor 704 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 705. A square frame 706 is fixed between the two connecting plates 705. A mirror 5 and a second photovoltaic cell module 6 are installed on the square frame 706. The driving motor 704 is connected to the control system. When in use, the driving motor 704 is started, and the driving motor 704 drives the connecting plate 705 and the square frame 706 to rotate. At the same time, the second photovoltaic cell module 6 and the mirror 5 also rotate. The support frame 7 provided in this embodiment can make the mirror 5 and the second photovoltaic cell module 6 rotate 360°.

[0063] An angle sensor is installed on the output shaft of the driving motor 704. The angle sensor is connected to the control system and can directly and accurately measure the rotation angle of the motor output shaft, and then accurately know the rotation angles of the connecting plate 705, the square frame 706, and the mirror 5 and the second photovoltaic cell module 6 installed thereon. This can provide accurate angle feedback information for the control system, which helps to achieve precise angle control and adjustment.

[0064] A light sensor is installed on the square frame 706. The light sensor is connected to the control system and is used to detect the intensity and direction of sunlight in real time and transmit the detected signals to the control system. The control system is electrically connected to the drive motor 704. According to the signals transmitted by the light sensor, it calculates the direction with the maximum sunlight intensity and controls the rotation of the drive motor 704.

[0065] The control system receives the angle data from the angle sensor and the sunlight intensity and direction data from the light sensor, analyzes the data of the light sensor, determines the direction with the maximum sunlight intensity using a preset algorithm, compares the current angle provided by the angle sensor with the calculated optimal angle, and obtains the direction and angle that the drive motor 704 needs to rotate. According to the analysis results, the control system sends control instructions to the drive motor 704. These instructions contain information such as the rotation direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) and the rotation angle. The drive motor 704 rotates according to the received instructions, driving the connecting plate 705, the square frame 706, the reflector 5, and the second photovoltaic cell module 6 to rotate.

[0066] A support plate 708 perpendicular to the square frame 706 is provided below the square frame 706. Electric telescopic rods 707 are respectively provided at the bottom ends of both ends of the support plate 708. The bottom of the electric telescopic rods 707 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 701, and the electric telescopic rods 707 are connected to the control system. When the wind speed is too high, the height of the two electric telescopic rods 707 can be adjusted through the control system to make the support plate 708 fit the bottom of the square frame 706, providing a support point to protect the reflector 5 and the second photovoltaic cell module 6.

[0067] Embodiment 3

[0068] A wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system. The technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, with the difference being that the structure of the second photovoltaic cell module 6 is different.

[0069] The second photovoltaic cell module 6 in this embodiment integrates high - efficiency phase - change heat - storage materials and, in combination with a temperature control and regulation system, adjusts its temperature during the operation of the photovoltaic module, improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and simultaneously optimizes the solar - thermal conversion efficiency.

[0070] As Figure 4 shown, the second photovoltaic cell module 6 successively includes a phase - change material layer 601, a heat - conduction layer 602, and a photovoltaic cell 603 from top to bottom, where the phase - change material layer 601 is located at the bottom of the reflector 5.

[0071] The photovoltaic cell 603 uses a high - efficiency flexible perovskite photovoltaic cell or an HJT heterojunction photovoltaic cell or a perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell, with high conversion efficiency. The photovoltaic cell 603 absorbs ultraviolet - visible light for photoelectric conversion and transfers part of the heat to the backplane.

[0072] The heat conduction layer 602 uses a high thermal conductivity composite material (such as graphene coating, copper-aluminum composite plate, heat pipe structure) to improve the heat transfer efficiency and make the temperature of each part of the photovoltaic cell 603 uniform. Its function is to act as a thermal buffer layer, quickly and evenly transfer the excess heat to the phase change material layer 601, and prevent local hot spot problems. When the phase change material releases heat, it can be transferred back to the photovoltaic cell 603 through this layer.

[0073] Such as Figure 5 As shown, the phase change material layer 601 is selected to be encapsulated in a honeycomb structure, including an encapsulation plate 6011 made of aluminum alloy. The encapsulation plate 6011 is provided with a honeycomb structure composed of a plurality of closely arranged hexagonal grids 6012. The phase change material is arranged inside the hexagonal grid 6012, and the high specific surface area of the honeycomb structure is used to improve the heat conduction efficiency. The aperture of the hexagonal grid 6012 is 2 - 10 mm, the wall thickness is 0.05 - 0.2 mm, and the height is 5 - 20 mm.

[0074] The phase change material uses inorganic salt phase change materials (such as NaNO3-KNO3 eutectic salt, melting point 220 - 250 °C, suitable for high-temperature photovoltaic-thermal power stations) or organic paraffin (melting point 50 - 80 °C, suitable for medium and low-temperature photovoltaic systems) or metal-based phase change materials (Ga-Sn eutectic, melting point 30 - 150 °C, suitable for high-efficiency heat conduction requirements).

[0075] The encapsulation plate 6011 uses aerospace-grade aluminum alloy (such as 6061-T6, thermal conductivity 180 - 220 W / m·K), which has high thermal conductivity, enhances heat dissipation, and is fixedly connected to the back of the mirror 5 and the heat conduction layer 602.

[0076] Interface thermal conduction layers are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the encapsulation plate 6011. The interface thermal conduction layer uses graphene-enhanced thermal conductive silicone grease to improve the heat conduction efficiency.

[0077] Microchannels 6013 are embedded inside the honeycomb structure. The diameter of the microchannels 6013 is 0.5 - 2 mm. The microchannels 6013 penetrate through all the hexagonal grids 6012, and the phase change material inside each hexagonal grid 6012 is in contact with the microchannels 6013; a cooling medium inlet 6014 and a cooling medium outlet 6015 connected to the microchannels 6013 are provided on the encapsulation plate 6011. A liquid cooling device is installed on the outer side wall of the square frame 706. The cooling medium inlet 6014 and the cooling medium outlet 6015 respectively penetrate through the side wall of the square frame 706 and are connected to the liquid cooling device to form a liquid cooling or cavity cooling auxiliary system. The liquid cooling device uses liquid cooling device components commonly used in the battery field.

[0078] The functions and characteristics of the phase change material layer in this embodiment are as follows:

[0079] High thermal conductivity: The thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy honeycomb structure is as high as 180 - 220 W / m·K, greatly improving the heat transfer efficiency of the phase change material.

[0080] Lightweight design: The honeycomb structure reduces the overall weight without affecting the installation strength of the components.

[0081] The phase change material layer provided in this embodiment is also applicable to high-temperature photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems (>150°C), such as molten salt thermal energy storage solar thermal power plants.

[0082] It also includes a temperature control and regulation system. The temperature control and regulation system includes a temperature sensor, an infrared thermal imaging sensor, and a controller. Temperature sensors are provided on the light receiving surface, the back surface of the photovoltaic cell 603, and the phase change material layer 601 to monitor the temperature distribution in real time; an infrared thermal imaging sensor is installed on the surface of the photovoltaic cell 603 to detect the thermal distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic cell 603 and prevent local overheating. The temperature sensor and the infrared thermal imaging sensor are both connected to the controller. The controller uses an embedded microcontroller unit (MCU, such as STM32), processes the temperature data, and is linked with the liquid cooling device. Combining with the AI temperature prediction algorithm, it performs intelligent regulation based on the ambient temperature, solar radiation intensity, and historical data to improve the cooling efficiency.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] A wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system. The technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Example 3, except that: the encapsulation method of the phase change material layer 601 in this embodiment is different.

[0085] The phase change material layer 601 in this embodiment is encapsulated by a flexible coating, including a phase change material. The phase change material is directly coated on the back surface of the mirror 5 or the heat conduction layer 602 after being mixed with thermal conductive silicone.

[0086] The phase change material uses an organic phase change material (such as polyethylene glycol, melting point 60 - 90°C).

[0087] The thermal conductive silicone uses carbon nanotube / boron nitride / graphene filled silicone to increase the thermal conductivity to 10 - 15 W / m·K.

[0088] The coating thickness of the phase change material layer 601 is 1 - 3 mm, and it is evenly coated to ensure good thermal contact.

[0089] The functions and characteristics of the phase change material layer provided in this embodiment are as follows:

[0090] Flexible encapsulation: Suitable for flexible photovoltaic modules or curved trough solar thermal mirrors.

[0091] Easy to integrate: Can be spray-coated or scrape-coated, with simple construction.

[0092] The phase change material layer provided in this embodiment is also applicable to photovoltaic-thermal systems for low-temperature phase change cooling (50 - 100 °C), such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) or flexible solar films.

[0093] In this embodiment, the microchannel design in the phase change material layer can refer to Embodiment 3, or other existing structures for phase change material cooling in the battery field can be adopted according to needs.

[0094] Embodiment 5

[0095] A wind power-photovoltaic-thermal integrated energy system. The technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 3, except that: the encapsulation method of the phase change material layer 601 in this embodiment is different.

[0096] As Figure 6 shown, the phase change material layer 601 in this embodiment is encapsulated in a microcapsule structure, including a heat-conducting substrate 6016. A plurality of microcapsules 6017 are provided inside the heat-conducting substrate 6016, and a phase change material is provided inside the microcapsules 6017.

[0097] The material of the microcapsules 6017 is polyurea or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), with a temperature resistance > 200 °C and chemical stability. The diameter of the microcapsules 6017 is 5 - 50 μm.

[0098] The phase change material is one of paraffin, fatty acid, and metal hydrate (melting point 40 - 90 °C).

[0099] The heat-conducting substrate is one of heat-conducting silicone grease and liquid metal (such as Ga-In alloy, with a thermal conductivity > 40 W / m·K).

[0100] In this embodiment, the microchannel design in the phase change material layer can refer to Embodiment 3, or other existing structures for phase change material cooling in the battery field can be adopted according to needs.

[0101] The functions and characteristics of the phase change material layer provided in this embodiment are as follows:

[0102] Ultra-high specific surface area: fast phase change rate, response time < 10 s.

[0103] Enhanced durability: Microencapsulation prevents the leakage of the phase change material, and the service life can reach more than 10 years.

[0104] The phase change material layer provided in this embodiment is also applicable to small photovoltaic-thermal integrated components, such as portable solar power generation equipment, vehicle-mounted photovoltaic cooling systems, etc.

[0105] Embodiment 6

[0106] A wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system. The technical solution in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 3, except that: the encapsulation method of the phase change material layer 601 in this embodiment is different.

[0107] As Figure 7 shown, the phase change material layer 601 in this embodiment is encapsulated by an encapsulation groove, including an encapsulation groove 6018 made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy. There is a cavity inside the encapsulation groove 6018, and the cavity is filled with a phase change material. There is a corrugated structure or a fin structure on the side wall of the cavity. By using the corrugated structure or the fin structure, the heat exchange area is increased and the phase change rate is improved. The thickness of the cavity is 10 - 30 mm (adjusted according to the power demand of the photovoltaic system). When using the fin structure, the spacing of the fins 6019 is 2 - 5 mm (to optimize the heat exchange efficiency).

[0108] The encapsulation groove 6018 is made of 304 / 316L stainless steel (with strong corrosion resistance) or aluminum alloy (with high thermal conductivity).

[0109] The phase change material uses a metal - based phase change material (such as gallium - indium - tin alloy, melting point 30 - 150 °C) or a hydrate (such as LiNO3 - KNO3 eutectic salt, melting point 200 - 250 °C). The filling amount of the phase change material in the cavity is 60% - 80% of the cavity volume (leaving an expansion space to prevent structural rupture).

[0110] The material of the fin structure is copper, aluminum or graphene - enhanced composite material to improve the thermal conductivity.

[0111] The sealing method of the phase change material uses argon arc welding to prevent the leakage of the phase change material, and the outer surface is coated with a corrosion - resistant coating (such as PTFE or ceramic coating).

[0112] The micro - channel design in the phase change material layer in this embodiment can refer to Embodiment 3, or other existing structures for phase change material cooling in the battery field can be adopted according to needs.

[0113] The functions and characteristics of the phase change material layer provided in this embodiment are as follows:

[0114] Efficient heat exchange: Using fins or wave structures to improve the heat exchange efficiency, and the heat exchange rate is increased by 30 - 50%.

[0115] High strength: Suitable for high - temperature and high - pressure environments and can be used in trough - type solar thermal power generation systems.

[0116] The phase change material layer provided in this embodiment is also suitable for large - scale photovoltaic - solar thermal power stations.

[0117] The phase change material layers provided in Embodiments 3 - 6 of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0118] I. To improve the efficiency of the second photovoltaic cell module, the temperature of the photovoltaic module can be maintained at the optimal operating temperature (25 - 40 °C), reducing the efficiency loss caused by high temperature and increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency by 3 - 7%.

[0119] II. To improve energy utilization efficiency, the heat dissipation mode is dynamically adjusted through the temperature control system, reducing unnecessary energy loss and increasing the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of photovoltaic-thermal to more than 85%.

[0120] In the photovoltaic-thermal collaborative temperature control system, the encapsulation method of the phase change cooling material directly affects its thermal conductivity, thermal stability and long-term service life. Considering the working environment of the photovoltaic module and the solar thermal system, the present invention provides four encapsulation methods for selection. Each scheme has different structural characteristics, material selection and applicable scenarios. Different encapsulation methods are suitable for different scenarios, and the appropriate scheme should be selected according to specific requirements. The honeycomb structure and the encapsulation groove are suitable for high-temperature solar thermal power plants, while the microcapsule structure encapsulation and the flexible coating encapsulation are suitable for medium and low-temperature photovoltaic applications.

[0121] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing wind power and solar thermal power generation systems, the energy system provided by the present invention mainly solves the following technical problems:

[0122] I. The problem of resource waste in traditional wind power towers and solar thermal towers

[0123] Existing problems: Wind power towers and solar thermal towers are usually built independently, each occupying land, materials and installation costs, resulting in low resource utilization efficiency.

[0124] Solution of the present invention: Combine the wind power tower and the solar thermal tower into one, making the wind power tower also serve as the support structure for solar thermal power generation, thereby saving land and construction costs and improving space utilization efficiency.

[0125] II. The problem of collaborative power generation of wind power, photovoltaic and solar thermal

[0126] Existing problems: Traditional wind power systems only rely on wind energy and are greatly affected by wind speed fluctuations, resulting in unstable power generation output. Photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation require additional structural supports, occupying additional space.

[0127] Solution of the present invention: Integrate wind power and photovoltaic by integrating photovoltaic cells on the surface of wind turbine blades and towers, making full use of the existing structure of the wind power system to improve the overall power generation efficiency; integrate wind power and solar thermal by integrating a collector in the middle of the tower and combining with ground reflectors to achieve collaborative power generation of wind energy and solar thermal, enhancing energy utilization efficiency and output stability.

[0128] The present invention proposes a wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system, which has significant advantages in terms of comprehensive energy utilization, power generation efficiency and system stability compared with traditional single wind power or solar thermal power generation systems. By integrating photovoltaic cells and solar thermal collectors on the wind turbine tower, this system improves the power generation capacity per unit area, increasing the energy output density by more than 40% under the same floor area. In addition, the power generation of traditional wind power systems is greatly affected by wind speed changes. However, this system combines solar photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation technologies, enabling it to continuously generate electricity using solar energy even under low wind speed or windless conditions, improving the stability of power output. When the wind speed is lower than 3 m / s (unable to drive the wind turbine), the photovoltaic and solar thermal systems can still provide more than 40% of additional power. At the same time, through solar thermal energy storage technology, a stable heat output can be continuously provided for 6 - 8 hours at night, extending the power generation time.

[0129] This system also innovatively integrates high - efficiency flexible photovoltaic cells on the surface of the wind turbine blades, making full use of the solar radiation received at different angles during the rotation of the blades to increase the photovoltaic power generation. Experiments show that the third photovoltaic cell module on the blade surface can provide an additional 5 - 10% of power generation, further improving the overall energy conversion efficiency of the wind turbine unit. In addition, the third photovoltaic cell module uses a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coating and anti - ultraviolet encapsulation, enabling it to operate stably in a strong wind environment for a long time, with a service life of more than 10 years. In terms of solar thermal collection, the collector provided by this system is equivalent to a tower - type solar thermal collector. Combined with a high - reflectivity ground mirror field, sunlight is focused on the collector in the middle of the tower through multi - angle adjustable ground reflectors, improving the solar thermal conversion efficiency. After testing, the solar thermal collection efficiency of this system can reach more than 85%, which is about 10% higher than that of traditional tower - type solar thermal systems. At the same time, the heat storage medium uses NaNO3 - KNO3 eutectic molten salt or supercritical CO2, and its heat storage density is about 20% higher than that of traditional molten salts, enabling the system's heat storage capacity to reach 400 - 600 kWh / m 3 , enhancing the ability to supply stable energy at night.

[0130] The energy management system adopted by the present invention integrates intelligent power converters and high - voltage direct - current transmission technology to achieve dynamic regulation of wind power, photovoltaic and solar thermal energy, enabling optimal complementarity between different energies, improving the stability of power output, dynamically adjusting the power distribution of wind power, photovoltaic and solar thermal energy, and increasing the cycle life of the energy storage system by more than 20%. In addition, the wind turbine tower uses high - strength steel or carbon fiber - reinforced composite materials, and a high - temperature - resistant and corrosion - resistant coating is applied on the outer surface to enhance the weather resistance of the system, enabling the designed service life of the tower to reach ≥25 years, which is about 5 years longer than that of traditional towers.

[0131] Through the efficient integration of wind power, solar thermal and photovoltaic power, the present invention breaks through the limitations of traditional single - energy systems, improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, reduces power fluctuations, and enhances the system adaptability and reliability, having broad promotion value in new - energy application scenarios in western deserts, plateaus and coastal areas.

[0132] Finally, it should be noted that: the above - mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind power - solar thermal - photovoltaic integrated energy system, characterized in that, It includes a wind power generation mechanism, a photovoltaic power generation mechanism, and a solar thermal power generation mechanism; The wind power generation mechanism includes a tower barrel (1), on the top of the tower barrel (1) there are a generator nacelle (101) and wind power blades (3), inside the generator nacelle (101) there is a generator, and the wind power blades (3) are connected to the generator; The solar thermal power generation mechanism includes a collector (2) installed in the middle of the tower barrel (1), on the ground around the tower barrel (1) there are a plurality of support frames (7), on the support frames (7) there are reflectors (5), the collector (2) is connected to a heat storage device or a heat exchanger through a medium conveying pipeline (201), the collector (2) receives the sunlight focused by the reflectors (5), and heats the heat-conducting fluid, and the heated heat-conducting fluid is transported to the heat storage device or the heat exchanger; The photovoltaic power generation mechanism includes a first photovoltaic cell module (4) located on the outer peripheral wall of the tower barrel (1), a second photovoltaic cell module (6) located on the back of the reflector (5), and a third photovoltaic cell module (8) located on the surface of the wind power blades (3); the reflector (5) is used to reflect sunlight onto the collector (2) or the first photovoltaic cell module (4); The wind power generation mechanism, the solar thermal power generation mechanism, and the photovoltaic power generation mechanism are all connected to an energy management system.

2. The energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collector (2) is also connected to a return pipeline (202), the return pipeline (202) is connected to the heat storage device or the heat exchanger, and the cooled heat-conducting fluid is transported to the collector (2) through the return pipeline (202) for reheating.

3. The energy system according to claim 1, wherein It also includes a cooling and heat dissipation system, and the cooling and heat dissipation system includes ventilation openings (103) reserved at the top and bottom of the tower barrel (1) and a liquid cooling system arranged inside the generator nacelle (101).

4. The energy system according to claim 1, wherein In the middle of the tower barrel (1) there is an adjustable support, on the adjustable support there is the collector (2), and on the adjustable support there is an angle sensor capable of measuring the angle of the collector (2).

5. The energy system according to claim 4, wherein The support frame (7) is a tracking type photovoltaic support, and the light receiving surface of the reflector (5) is arranged opposite to the light receiving surface of the second photovoltaic cell module (6); The tracking type photovoltaic support is connected to a control system, the control system calculates the solar azimuth angle and altitude angle, controls the tracking type photovoltaic support to adjust the tilt angle of the reflector (5), and makes the sunlight accurately focus on the collector (2) when the light is strong; when the solar thermal load is saturated or solar thermal concentration is not required, the control system adjusts the tilt angle of the reflector (5) so that the first photovoltaic cell module (4) receives the reflected light, Optimal angle of the mirror (5) where θ s is the solar incident angle, and θ t is the angle between the connecting line between the collector (2) and the mirror (5) and the horizontal line.

6. The energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second photovoltaic cell module (6) includes a phase change material layer (601), a heat conduction layer (602), and a photovoltaic cell (603) in sequence from top to bottom, and further includes a temperature control and regulation system. The temperature control and regulation system includes a temperature sensor, an infrared thermal imaging sensor, and a controller. The temperature sensors are provided on both the photovoltaic cell (603) and the phase change material layer (601), the infrared thermal imaging sensor is provided on the surface of the photovoltaic cell (603), and both the temperature sensor and the infrared thermal imaging sensor are connected to the controller.

7. The energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The phase change material layer (601) is encapsulated in a honeycomb structure, including a packaging board (6011) made of aluminum alloy. The packaging board (6011) is provided with a honeycomb structure composed of a plurality of closely arranged hexagonal grids (6012), and the phase change material is provided inside the hexagonal grids (6012); a microchannel (6013) is embedded inside the honeycomb structure, and the phase change material inside each hexagonal grid (6012) is in contact with the microchannel (6013); a cooling medium inlet (6014) and a cooling medium outlet (6015) connected to the microchannel (6013) are provided on the packaging board (6011), the cooling medium inlet (6014) and the cooling medium outlet (6015) are respectively connected to a liquid cooling device, and the liquid cooling device is connected to the controller.

8. The energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The phase change material layer (601) is encapsulated in a flexible coating, including a phase change material, and the phase change material is directly coated on the back of the reflector (5) or the heat conduction layer (602) after being mixed with thermal conductive silicone.

9. The energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The phase change material layer (601) is encapsulated in a microcapsule structure, including a heat conductive substrate (6016), and a plurality of microcapsules (6017) are provided inside the heat conductive substrate (6016), and the phase change material is provided inside the microcapsules (6017).

10. The energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The phase change material layer is encapsulated in a packaging groove, including a packaging groove (6018) made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy. A cavity is provided inside the packaging groove (6018), the cavity is filled with a phase change material, and a corrugated structure or a fin structure is provided on the side wall of the cavity.

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