Microbial compound feed additive and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial compound feed additive, which is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 35 to 45 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 25 to 35 parts of soybean meal, 15 to 25 parts of bran, 8 to 12 parts of corn flour, 0.3 to 0.7 part of selenium-enriched yeast, 8 to 12 parts of aspergillus niger spore powder, 10 to 15 parts of bacillus subtilis, 6 to 9 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 5 to 8 parts of candida utilis. The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, through the synergistic effect of the aspergillus niger, the bacillus subtilis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the candida utilis, the aspergillus niger can generate various enzymes, and decomposition of raw materials and release of nutritional ingredients are facilitated; the bacillus subtilis can enhance the immunity of livestock and poultry and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria; lactobacillus plantarum can regulate intestinal microecological balance and promote digestion and absorption; candida utilis is rich in protein and vitamins and provides nutrition for livestock and poultry, the four components cooperate with each other, the function limitation of a single strain is broken through, and the health level and production performance of livestock and poultry are comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, and specifically to a microbial compound feed additive and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern animal husbandry, the rational use of feed additives is crucial for improving the production performance of livestock and poultry, ensuring animal health, and promoting the sustainable development of the breeding industry. However, traditional feed additives have many drawbacks. On the one hand, the long-term use of chemically synthesized feed additives is likely to lead to drug residues, which not only endanger the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products but also pose a potential threat to human health. At the same time, it may cause an increase in the drug resistance of livestock and poultry, reducing the effect of disease prevention and control. On the other hand, the functions of microbial feed additives with a single strain are relatively limited and it is difficult to fully meet the various needs of livestock and poultry in terms of growth, immunity, digestion, etc. In addition, a large amount of agricultural waste such as traditional Chinese medicine residues and wheat bran has not been effectively utilized, which not only causes resource waste but also exerts pressure on the environment. With the continuous improvement of people's awareness of food safety and environmental protection, as well as the urgent need for efficient and green feed additives in the large-scale and intensive development of the livestock industry, it is of great practical significance to develop a new type of microbial compound feed additive that can overcome the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a microbial compound feed additive and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is that a microbial compound feed additive includes the following components in parts by weight: 35 - 45 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 25 - 35 parts of soybean meal, 15 - 25 parts of wheat bran, 8 - 12 parts of corn flour, 0.3 - 0.7 part of selenium-enriched yeast, 8 - 12 parts of Aspergillus niger spore powder, 10 - 15 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 6 - 9 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, and 5 - 8 parts of Candida utilis.

[0005] Preferably, the viable count of the Aspergillus niger spore powder is 1×10 8 -5×10 8 CFU / g; the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 5×10 7 -2×10 8 CFU / g; the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 3×10 8 -1×10 9 CFU / g; the viable count of Candida utilis is 1×10 7 -5×10 7 CFU / g.

[0006] Preferably, the selenium content in the selenium-enriched yeast is ≥2000 mg / kg.

[0007] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine residue is the dried residue after the extraction of gastrodia elata, ganoderma lucidum or eucommia ulmoides, and the crushing particle size is ≤ 80 mesh.

[0008] Preferably, the moisture content of the wheat bran is ≤ 10%.

[0009] A preparation method of a microbial compound feed additive includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Raw material pretreatment: drying the traditional Chinese medicine residue at 60 °C until the moisture content is ≤ 10%, crushing and sieving through an 80-mesh sieve; mixing soybean meal and wheat bran and sterilizing at 120 °C for 20 minutes;

[0011] S2. First-stage aerobic fermentation: inoculating aspergillus niger spore powder and bacillus subtilis into the materials in step S1, fermenting aerobically at 37 °C for 48 hours, and the aeration rate is 1.5 L / min;

[0012] S3. Second-stage facultative anaerobic fermentation: inoculating lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis into the product in step S2, standing and fermenting at 30 °C for 72 hours, and controlling the moisture content at 45% - 50%;

[0013] S4. Post-treatment: after the fermentation product is dried at a low temperature of 50 °C, adding selenium-enriched yeast and mixing and granulating, and the particle size is ≤ 1 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the pH value at the end of fermentation in step S3 is ≤ 4.5, and the lactic acid content is ≥ 3.5%.

[0015] Preferably, after granulation in step S4, it is packaged with inert gas, and the viable bacteria survival rate is ≥ 95%.

[0016] Preferably, the inert gas is nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The four bacteria of aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis act synergistically. Aspergillus niger can produce various enzymes, which helps to decompose raw materials and release nutritional components; bacillus subtilis can enhance the immunity of livestock and poultry and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria; lactobacillus plantarum regulates the intestinal microecological balance and promotes digestion and absorption; candida utilis is rich in protein and vitamins and provides nutrition for livestock and poultry. The four act synergistically, breaking through the functional limitations of single strains and comprehensively improving the health level and production performance of livestock and poultry.

[0019] 2. Using Chinese medicine residues and soybean meal as the main raw materials, the Chinese medicine residues contain rich active ingredients such as polysaccharides and flavonoids, which are released through microbial enzymatic hydrolysis technology, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural waste, reducing production costs and environmental pollution. At the same time, soybean meal, as a high-quality protein source, is rationally proportioned with other raw materials to provide a rich nutrient substrate for microbial fermentation.

[0020] 3. By inoculating Aspergillus niger spore powder and Bacillus subtilis in the first-stage aerobic fermentation, and Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis in the second-stage facultative anaerobic fermentation, the synchronous generation of prebiotics - probiotics - functional peptides is achieved. Prebiotics can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, probiotics regulate the intestinal flora, and functional peptides have various functions such as antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. The enrichment of these functional metabolites improves the feed conversion rate, enhances the disease resistance of livestock and poultry, and promotes their growth and development. Specific embodiments

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0022] Example 1:

[0023] A microbial compound feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of Chinese medicine residues, 25 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of corn flour, 0.3 part of selenium-enriched yeast, 8 parts of Aspergillus niger spore powder, 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 6 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, and 5 parts of Candida utilis.

[0024] The viable count of Aspergillus niger spore powder is 1×10 8 CFU / g; the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 5×10 7 CFU / g; the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 3×10 8 CFU / g; the viable count of Candida utilis is 1×10 7 CFU / g, and the selenium content in the selenium-enriched yeast is ≥2000 mg / kg

[0025] The Chinese medicine residues are the dried residues after extraction of Gastrodia elata, Ganoderma lucidum or Eucommia ulmoides, and the pulverization particle size is ≤80 mesh.

[0026] The moisture content of the wheat bran is ≤10%.

[0027] A preparation method of a microbial compound feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1. Raw material pretreatment: drying the Chinese medicine residues at 60°C until the moisture content is ≤10%, and pulverizing and sieving through an 80-mesh sieve; mixing the soybean meal and wheat bran and sterilizing at 120°C for 20 minutes;

[0029] S2. First-stage aerobic fermentation: Aspergillus niger spore powder and Bacillus subtilis are inoculated into the material in step S1, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 37°C for 48 hours with an aeration rate of 1.5 L / min;

[0030] S3. Second-stage facultative anaerobic fermentation: Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis are inoculated into the product in step S2, and static fermentation is carried out at 30°C for 72 hours, controlling the moisture content at 45%. The pH value at the end point of fermentation in step S3 is ≤4.5, and the lactic acid content is ≥3.5%;

[0031] S4. Post-treatment: After the fermentation product is dried at a low temperature of 50°C, selenium-enriched yeast is added and granulated, with a particle size of ≤1 mm. After granulation, it is encapsulated with an inert gas, and the inert gas is nitrogen or carbon dioxide, and the viable bacteria survival rate is ≥95%.

[0032] Example 2:

[0033] A microbial compound feed additive, which includes the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 35 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of corn flour, 0.7 part of selenium-enriched yeast, 12 parts of Aspergillus niger spore powder, 15 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 9 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, and 8 parts of Candida utilis.

[0034] The viable bacteria count of Aspergillus niger spore powder is 5×10 8 CFU / g; the viable bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis is 2×10 8 CFU / g; the viable bacteria count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 1×10 9 CFU / g; the viable bacteria count of Candida utilis is 5×10 7 CFU / g. The selenium content in selenium-enriched yeast is ≥2000 mg / kg. The traditional Chinese medicine residue is the dried residue after extraction of Gastrodia elata, Ganoderma lucidum, or Eucommia ulmoides, and the pulverization particle size is ≤80 mesh, and the moisture content of wheat bran is ≤10%.

[0035] A preparation method of a microbial compound feed additive, which includes the following steps:

[0036] S1. Raw material pretreatment: The traditional Chinese medicine residue is dried at 60°C until the moisture content is ≤10%, and then pulverized and sieved through an 80-mesh sieve; after soybean meal and wheat bran are mixed, they are sterilized at 120°C for 20 minutes;

[0037] S2. First-stage aerobic fermentation: Aspergillus niger spore powder and Bacillus subtilis are inoculated into the material in step S1, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 37°C for 48 hours with an aeration rate of 1.5 L / min;

[0038] S3. Second-stage facultative anaerobic fermentation: Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis are inoculated into the product in step S2, and static fermentation is carried out at 30°C for 72 hours, controlling the moisture content at 50%. The pH value at the end point of fermentation is ≤4.5, and the lactic acid content is ≥3.5%;

[0039] S4. Post-treatment: After the fermentation product is dried at a low temperature of 50°C, it is mixed with selenium-enriched yeast for granulation, and the particle size is ≤1 mm. After granulation, it is encapsulated with an inert gas, and the inert gas is nitrogen or carbon dioxide, and the viable bacteria survival rate is ≥95%.

[0040] In this application, through gradient oxygen control and microbial consortium relay metabolism, the activities and metabolic pathways of different strains are directionally regulated. Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis cooperate to degrade cellulose / lignin to generate prebiotics and antibacterial peptide precursors; Lactobacillus plantarum produces acid to lower the pH, activates Candida utilis to synthesize probiotics (active bacteria) and mannan oligosaccharides, and the protease secreted by the microorganisms continuously decomposes soybean meal protein to generate functional peptides. Through staged oxygen-controlled fermentation and modular design of microbial consortium functions, the synergistic production of prebiotics, probiotics and functional peptides is achieved in a single system, breaking through the technical bottlenecks of single and low-efficiency traditional solid-state fermentation products.

[0041] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those who are familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial compound feed additive, characterized in that, The microbial compound feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 25-35 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of wheat bran, 8-12 parts of corn flour, 0.3-0.7 part of selenium-enriched yeast, 8-12 parts of Aspergillus niger spore powder, 10-15 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 6-9 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, and 5-8 parts of Candida utilis.

2. The microbial compound feed additive according to claim 1, wherein The viable count of the Aspergillus niger spore powder is 1×10 8 ~5×10 8 CFU / g; the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 5×10 7 ~2×10 8 CFU / g; the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 3×10 8 ~1×10 9 CFU / g; the viable count of Candida utilis is 1×10 7 ~5×10 7 CFU / g.

3. The microbial compound feed additive according to claim 2, wherein, The selenium content in the selenium-enriched yeast is ≥2000 mg / kg.

4. A microbial compound feed additive according to claim 1, wherein The traditional Chinese medicine residue is the dried residue after extraction of Gastrodia elata, Ganoderma lucidum or Eucommia ulmoides, and the pulverization particle size is ≤80 mesh.

5. The microbial compound feed additive according to claim 1, wherein, The water content of the wheat bran is ≤10%.

6. A preparation method of a microbial compound feed additive, based on the microbial compound feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: drying the traditional Chinese medicine residue at 60°C until the water content is ≤10%, and pulverizing and sieving through an 80-mesh sieve; mixing soybean meal and wheat bran and sterilizing at 120°C for 20 minutes. S2. First-stage aerobic fermentation: inoculating Aspergillus niger spore powder and Bacillus subtilis into the material in step S1, and fermenting aerobically at 37°C for 48 hours, with the aeration rate being 1.5 L / min. S3. Second-stage facultative anaerobic fermentation: inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis into the product in step S2, and fermenting statically at 30°C for 72 hours, controlling the water content at 45%-50%. S4. Post-treatment: after the fermentation product is dried at a low temperature of 50°C, selenium-enriched yeast is added and mixed for granulation, with the particle size being ≤1 mm.

7. The preparation method of a microbial compound feed additive according to claim 6, characterized in that The pH value at the end point of fermentation in step S3 is ≤4.5, and the lactic acid content is ≥3.5%.

8. The preparation method of a microbial compound feed additive according to claim 7, wherein, After granulation in step S4, it is packaged with an inert gas, and the viable bacteria survival rate is ≥95%.

9. The preparation method of a microbial compound feed additive according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inert gas is nitrogen or carbon dioxide.