Saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth extraction, in particular to a saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process. The process comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing raw materials; step 2, extraction: feeding the raw material liquid and an extraction agent into a centrifugal extractor through different inlets, and rapidly mixing the two phases and realizing efficient extraction under the action of centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation of a rotary drum assembly; step 3, washing; step 4, reverse extraction; and 5, separation and purification. Raw material liquid and an extracting agent are mixed through rotation of the rotary drum assembly, and meanwhile raffinate and impurities are thrown out from the interior of the rotary drum assembly, so that the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth and the raffinate are conveniently separated; through up-down movement and rotation of the stirring assembly, raw material liquid and an extraction agent are mixed more sufficiently, separation holes of the drum assembly are cleaned in the rotation process of the drum assembly, material blockage is avoided, and meanwhile the sealing performance of the separation holes of the drum assembly is adjusted in the up-down movement process of the stirring assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth extraction, in particular to a saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process. Background Art

[0002] Saponification-free rare earth refers to the process of rare earth extraction and separation in which the extractant is not treated by the traditional saponification method, but other methods are used to achieve efficient separation of rare earths. In the traditional rare earth extraction and separation process, alkaline substances such as ammonia water or sodium hydroxide are usually used to saponify the extractant so that the hydrogen ions in the extractant are replaced by ammonium ions or sodium ions, thereby improving the extraction ability of the extractant for rare earth ions. However, the saponification process will produce a large amount of ammonia nitrogen wastewater, causing serious pollution to the environment. The saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process achieves efficient separation of rare earths without saponification treatment by adopting new extractants such as acidic extractant system, ionic liquid extractant, complex extractant, or special process conditions and equipment. This process has the advantages of environmental protection, energy saving, and high efficiency, and is one of the important development directions of current rare earth extraction and separation technology.

[0003] In the existing unsaponifiable rare earth extraction and separation process, the ore containing rare earth and other metals is usually first processed by a crusher, ball mill, etc. to make a raw material liquid; the process mainly uses centrifugal extractors, mixing and clarifying tanks, stripping tanks, sedimentation tanks, filter presses or other filtering equipment, evaporators, drying boxes and other equipment. In the use of centrifugal extractors, most centrifugal extractors have some problems; on the one hand, if the discharge port on the outer wall of the drum is too large, the raw material liquid and the extractant will be thrown out during the mixing process, affecting the extraction effect; and if the discharge port is too small, the raw material liquid with a higher density will be blocked when it is thrown to the outside of the drum, and the discharge speed will be slow, which will cause a large amount of sediment and impurities to accumulate inside the drum; on the other hand, the flow channel in the center of the drum is mostly too narrow and curved, which makes it easy for the raw material liquid with a lower density and loaded with rare earth metals to flow poorly. In order to promote the flow of liquid, more energy needs to be consumed, which is contrary to the current production concept of pursuing energy saving and high efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Raw material preparation: Use a crusher to crush and grind the ores containing rare earth and other metals to make a raw material liquid suitable for extraction;

[0007] S2. Extraction: The raw material liquid and the extractant enter the centrifugal extractor through different inlets. Under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the drum assembly, the two phases are quickly mixed and highly efficient extraction is achieved. Subsequently, the two phases are quickly separated by centrifugal force, and the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth and the raffinate are discharged from different outlets respectively;

[0008] S3. Washing: The detergent and the raw material liquid are quickly mixed and separated in the centrifugal extractor through the mixing assembly to achieve the washing purpose;

[0009] S4. Stripping: The stripping agent is added to the stripping tank and is in full contact with the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth. Under certain conditions, the rare earth elements are stripped from the raw material liquid into the stripping liquid. The raw material liquid after stripping can be recycled or subjected to regeneration treatment, and the stripping liquid then enters the subsequent separation and purification steps;

[0010] S5. Separation and purification: Using a precipitation tank, a suitable precipitant is added to the stripping liquid to precipitate the rare earth elements in the form of a precipitate; A stirrer is used to ensure full mixing of the precipitant and the stripping liquid to promote the precipitation reaction; After precipitation is completed, the rare earth precipitate is separated from the mother liquor through a filtration device;

[0011] Among them, the centrifugal extractor includes a bracket, a lower cylinder body is fixedly connected inside the bracket, an upper cylinder body is fixedly connected to the top of the lower cylinder body, a fixed pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower cylinder body near the center, and a flow pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower cylinder body near the outer wall; A drum assembly is movably connected inside the lower cylinder body, and a stirring assembly is movably connected between the inside of the drum assembly and the inside of the upper cylinder body;

[0012] The drum assembly is used for centrifugal separation of the raw material liquid mixture, and the stirring assembly is used to improve the uniformity of mixing of the raw material liquid and the extractant. At the same time, it can also clean the separation holes of the drum assembly and adjust the hole sealing state of the drum assembly.

[0013] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the drum assembly includes an outer drum, the outer drum is movably connected to the top of the fixed pipe, an inner drum is movably connected inside the outer drum, push members are fixedly connected to both the top and the bottom of the inner drum wall near the outer drum wall, a toothed ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer drum near the top, a gear is movably connected to the outer wall of the toothed ring, and both the toothed ring and the gear are movably connected inside the upper cylinder body.

[0014] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the inner drum is made of rubber material, and at the same time, a metal wire mesh is embedded inside the inner drum.

[0015] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the pushing member includes a pushing block, the pushing blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner drum, and a plurality of the pushing blocks are respectively movably connected to the inner walls of the outer drum near the top and the bottom. One end of the pushing block is fixedly connected with a conical spring, the conical spring is movably connected inside the inner drum, the end of the conical spring is fixedly connected with a buckle, and the buckle is movably connected between the inner drum and the outer drum.

[0016] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the stirring assembly includes a screw rod, the screw rod is movably connected inside the upper cylinder body, two support rods are fixedly connected to the inner top of the upper cylinder body, a chassis is fixedly connected between the bottoms of the two support rods, a slider is movably connected between the outer walls of the screw rod and the support rods, a plurality of hole cleaning members are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slider, and blades are movably connected to the outer walls of the hole cleaning members.

[0017] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the hole cleaning member includes a rotating rod, the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slider, a blade is movably connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod, a punching rod is movably connected inside the rotating rod, an elastic member is fixedly connected between the end of the punching rod and the inside of the rotating rod, a push rod is fixedly connected to the end of the punching rod, and a chuck is fixedly connected to the end of the push rod.

[0018] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the blade is in the shape of an airplane wing, and its upper surface and lower surface have different radian.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. In the non-saponification rare earth extraction and separation process, according to the method of centrifugal extraction process, the rotating drum assembly is used to rotate to mix the raw material liquid and the extractant, and at the same time, the raffinate and impurities are thrown out from the inside of the rotating drum assembly, which is convenient for separating the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth and the raffinate; by moving up and down and rotating the stirring assembly, the raw material liquid and the extractant are mixed more fully, and the separation holes of the rotating drum assembly are cleaned during the rotation of the rotating drum assembly to avoid material blockage. At the same time, the sealing performance of the separation holes of the rotating drum assembly is adjusted during the up and down movement of the stirring assembly.

[0021] 2. In the non-saponification rare earth extraction and separation process, when the stirring assembly moves upward, the separation holes of the rotating drum assembly are in a sealed state. By moving the stirring assembly upward, the materials inside the rotating drum assembly are fully mixed, avoiding that if the separation holes of the rotating drum assembly are too large, the raw material liquid and the extractant will be thrown out during the mixing process, affecting the extraction effect; when the stirring assembly moves to near the top of the rotating drum assembly, the flow state of the separation holes of the rotating drum assembly is opened, so that the raw materials can be centrifugally separated inside the rotating drum assembly.

[0022] 3. In this soap-free rare earth extraction and separation process, when the stirring assembly moves downward, the separation holes of the drum assembly are in an open state. While fully mixing the materials inside the drum assembly by moving the stirring assembly downward, when the stirring assembly passes through the separation holes of the drum assembly, it punches and cleans the holes to prevent blockage when the raw material liquid with a higher density is thrown to the outside of the drum if the holes of the drum assembly are too small, resulting in slow discharge speed and a large amount of sediment and impurities accumulating inside the drum. Moreover, during the downward movement of the stirring assembly, a downward pressure is exerted on the material flow to promote the flow and output of the raw materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is of the present invention Figure 2 schematic diagram of the structure at A;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the hole cleaning and material pushing process structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the stirring process structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the drum assembly structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is of the present invention Figure 6 schematic diagram of the structure at B;

[0030] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the stirring assembly structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the hole cleaning part structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the slider movement structure of the present invention.

[0033] The meanings of the various reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0034] 1. Bracket; 11. Upper cylinder; 12. Lower cylinder; 120. Fixed pipe; 121. Flow pipe;

[0035] 13. Drum assembly; 130. Outer drum; 131. Inner drum; 132. Tooth ring; 133. Gear; 134. Pushing member;

[0036] 1340. Pushing block; 1341. Conical spring; 1342. Buckle;

[0037] 14. Stirring assembly; 140. Screw; 141. Support rod; 142. Chassis; 143. Slide block; 144. Hole cleaning part; 1440. Rotating rod; 1441. Punch rod; 1442. Elastic part; 1443. Push rod; 1444. Chuck; 145. Blade. Specific implementation manner

[0038] Next, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1-5 As shown, the purpose of this embodiment is to provide a saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process, including the following steps:

[0041] Step 1. Raw material preparation: Using a crusher, the ore containing rare earth and other metals is processed through crushing, grinding, etc. to make a raw material liquid suitable for extraction.

[0042] Step 2. Extraction: The raw material liquid and the extractant enter the centrifugal extractor through different inlets. Under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the drum assembly 13, the two phases are quickly mixed and efficient extraction is achieved. Subsequently, the two phases are quickly separated by centrifugal force, and the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth and the raffinate are discharged from different outlets respectively.

[0043] Step 3. Washing: Through the mixing assembly, the detergent and the raw material liquid are quickly mixed and separated in the centrifugal extractor to achieve the purpose of washing.

[0044] Step 4. Back extraction: The back extractant is added to the back extraction tank and brought into full contact with the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth. Under certain conditions, the rare earth elements are back extracted from the raw material liquid into the back extract liquid. The raw material liquid after back extraction can be recycled or subjected to regeneration treatment, and the back extract liquid then enters the subsequent separation and purification steps.

[0045] Step 5. Separation and purification: Using a precipitation tank, a suitable precipitant is added to the back extract liquid to precipitate the rare earth elements in the form of a precipitate; a stirrer is used to ensure full mixing of the precipitant and the back extract liquid to promote the precipitation reaction; after precipitation is completed, the rare earth precipitate is separated from the mother liquor through a filtration device.

[0046] Among them, the centrifugal extractor includes a bracket 1, inside which a lower cylinder body 12 is fixedly connected. At the top of the lower cylinder body 12, an upper cylinder body 11 is fixedly connected. Near the center at the bottom of the lower cylinder body 12, a fixed pipe 120 is fixedly connected, and near the outer wall at the bottom of the lower cylinder body 12, a flow pipe 121 is fixedly connected. Inside the lower cylinder body 12, a drum assembly 13 is movably connected, and between the inside of the drum assembly 13 and the inside of the upper cylinder body 11, a stirring assembly 14 is movably connected.

[0047] The drum assembly 13 is used for centrifugally separating the raw material liquid mixture, and the stirring assembly 14 is used to improve the uniformity of the mixing of the raw material liquid and the extractant. At the same time, it can also clean the separation holes of the drum assembly 13 and adjust the sealing state of the holes of the drum assembly 13.

[0048] The improvement of this embodiment lies in that: the drum assembly 13 rotates to mix the raw material liquid and the extractant, and at the same time, the raffinate and impurities are thrown out from the inside of the drum assembly 13, which is convenient for separating the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth and the raffinate.

[0049] The materials inside the drum assembly 13 are fully mixed upward by the stirring assembly 14. At this time, the separation holes of the drum assembly 13 are in a sealed state, avoiding that if the separation holes of the drum assembly 13 are too large, the raw material liquid and the extractant will be thrown out during the mixing process, affecting the extraction effect. When the stirring assembly 14 moves to the top of the drum assembly 13, the flow state of the separation holes of the drum assembly 13 is opened, so that the raw materials can be centrifugally separated inside the drum assembly 13.

[0050] While the materials inside the drum assembly 13 are fully mixed downward by the stirring assembly 14, when the stirring assembly 14 passes through the separation holes of the drum assembly 13, the holes are punched and cleaned, avoiding that if the holes of the drum assembly 13 are too small, the raw material liquid with a larger density will be blocked when being thrown to the outside of the drum, and the discharge speed is slow, resulting in a large amount of sediment and impurities accumulating inside the drum. And, during the descent of the stirring assembly 14, a downward pressure is applied to the logistics to push the raw materials to flow out.

[0051] First, the specific structure of the drum assembly 13 is disclosed. The drum assembly 13 includes an outer drum 130, which is movably connected to the top of the fixed pipe 120. Inside the outer drum 130, an inner drum 131 is movably connected. At the top and bottom of the inner wall of the inner drum 131 near the inner wall of the outer drum 130, pushing members 134 are fixedly connected. Near the top of the outer wall of the outer drum 130, a toothed ring 132 is fixedly connected, and on the outer wall of the toothed ring 132, a gear 133 is movably connected. Both the toothed ring 132 and the gear 133 are movably connected inside the upper cylinder body 11.

[0052] Refer to Figure 6 Figure 7As shown, the motor output shaft drives the gear 133 to rotate, the gear 133 drives the toothed ring 132 to rotate, so that the toothed ring 132 drives the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131 to rotate simultaneously, centrifugally stirring and separating the materials inside the outer drum 130; and the height of the inner drum 131 is adjusted by moving the pusher 134 up and down. When the inner drum 131 is in the upper position inside the outer drum 130, the holes between the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131 are kept unblocked, facilitating the separation of the materials; when the inner drum 131 is in the lower position inside the outer drum 130, the holes of the outer drum 130 are blocked, facilitating the mixing of the materials.

[0053] The pusher 134 includes a push block 1340. The push blocks 1340 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner drum 131. A plurality of push blocks 1340 are respectively movably connected inside the chutes near the top and bottom of the inner wall of the outer drum 130. One end of the push block 1340 is fixedly connected with a conical spring 1341. The conical spring 1341 is movably connected inside the inner drum 131. The end of the conical spring 1341 is fixedly connected with a buckle 1342. The buckle 1342 is movably connected between the inner drum 131 and the outer drum 130.

[0054] By applying pressure to the push block 1340, the push block 1340 moves up and down to adjust the height of the inner drum 131. Since the end of the buckle 1342 has a curvature, when the inner drum 131 moves up and down, it will drive the buckle 1342 to contract inside from the holes of the outer drum 130 along the curvature of the buckle 1342 under the action of force, driving the conical spring 1341 to contract; when the movement of the inner drum 131 is completed, the conical spring 1341 rebounds, driving the buckle 1342 to rebound and reset inside the round holes of the outer drum 130 to fix the height of the inner drum 131;

[0055] Among them, the buckle 1343 is conical. When the conical buckle 1343 contacts other components and undergoes relative movement, such as during the up and down movement of the inner drum 131 driving its movement, the side surface of the cone can act as a similar guiding surface; when it enters and exits the holes of the outer drum 130 or slides along the inner wall of the holes, compared with other shapes (such as square and other shapes with edges), the arc-shaped side surface of the cone can move more smoothly along the direction of the force, reducing jamming, making the entire process of adjusting the height of the inner drum 131 smoother, and helping to accurately achieve operations such as height adjustment and reset fixation;

[0056] Meanwhile, after the conical snap 1343 rebounds and resets into the circular hole inside the outer drum 130, the relatively larger part of its conical bottom surface can better fit the inner wall of the circular hole. Compared with some columnar snaps with regular shapes, etc., due to its own slope after the conical shape is inserted into the circular hole, it can generate a certain extrusion force with the circular hole wall from different angles, forming a more stable fit, reliably fixing the height of the inner drum 131, reducing the possibility of the snap accidentally coming out due to factors such as vibration during use, and ensuring the durability of the fixed state of the height of the inner drum 131. It is convenient to adapt to different circular hole conditions. If there are certain differences in the machining accuracy, etc. of the circular holes at different positions on the outer drum 130, or if the circular holes show a certain degree of wear, deformation, etc. after long-term use, the conical snap 1343 has better adaptability. It can automatically adjust the contact position and fit degree with the circular hole within a certain range by virtue of its conical characteristics, and can still better complete the function of rebounding into the circular hole and fixing, maintaining the normal functioning of the entire device's function of adjusting and fixing the height of the inner drum 131.

[0057] When the conical spring 1341 contracts, the snap 1342 can be pulled out of the circular hole; when the snap 1342 is driven by the movement of the inner drum 131 to move to another circular hole of the outer drum 130, the snap 1342 will automatically rebound and reset into the circular hole inside the outer drum 130 with the resilience of the conical spring 1341 to fix the height of the inner drum 131. Therefore, the snap can rebound back into the circular hole again after being pulled out.

[0058] Among them, the inner drum 131 is made of rubber, and at the same time, a metal wire mesh is embedded inside the inner drum 131. According to the good sealing property of rubber, it is convenient to block the holes of the outer drum 130, and at the same time, it can adapt to a certain degree of bending deformation and perform adaptive bending movement inside the outer drum 130. And embedding the metal wire mesh in the rubber endows the rubber material with strong supporting ability to prevent the inner drum 131 from deforming excessively under stress.

[0059] Finally, the specific structure of the stirring assembly 14 is disclosed. The stirring assembly 14 includes a screw 140, the screw 140 is movably connected inside the upper cylinder 11, two support rods 141 are fixedly connected to the inner top of the upper cylinder 11, a chassis 142 is fixedly connected between the bottoms of the two support rods 141, a slider 143 is movably connected between the outer walls of the screw 140 and the support rods 141, a plurality of hole cleaning members 144 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slider 143, and a blade 145 is movably connected to the outer wall of the hole cleaning member 144.

[0060] Since there are two support rods 141 inside the slider 143 in addition to the screw rod 140, and the outer wall of the support rod 141 is not provided with threads, when the screw rod 140 rotates to drive the slider 143 to move up and down, the support rod 141 will limit the position of the slider 143 to prevent the slider 143 from rotating on the outer wall of the screw rod 140 and only driving the slider 143 to move up and down. Thus, it can be seen that the slider 143 will not rotate around the screw rod 140, so that while the blade flips itself, it will not rotate around the screw rod, avoiding the problem of pushing the pushing member upward and interfering with each other during the rotation process.

[0061] The hole cleaning member 144 includes a rotating rod 1440. The rotating rod 1440 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slider 143. A blade 145 is movably connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 1440. A punching rod 1441 is movably connected to the inside of the rotating rod 1440. An elastic member 1442 is fixedly connected between the end of the punching rod 1441 and the inside of the rotating rod 1440. A push rod 1443 is fixedly connected to the end of the punching rod 1441. A chuck 1444 is fixedly connected to the end of the push rod 1443. As Figure 10 shown, the rotating rod 1440 is fixedly connected to the slider 143. According to the above conclusion that the slider 143 will not rotate around the screw rod 140, since the slider 143 will not rotate around the screw rod 140, the rotating rod 1440 will not rotate around the screw rod 140 either, avoiding the rotating rod being in a rotating and moving state when the rotating rod moves downward.

[0062] Refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, the motor output shaft drives the screw rod 140 to rotate. The rotation of the screw rod 140 drives the slider 143 to move between the outer walls of the screw rod 140 and the support rod 141. The chassis 142 limits the moving position of the slider 143 to prevent it from falling off. The up and down movement of the slider 143 drives the hole cleaning member 144 and the blade 145 to move up and down.

[0063] The blade 145 is in the shape of an airplane wing, and its upper surface and lower surface have different curvatures. When the hole cleaning member 144 moves up and down, a pressure difference will be generated on the upper and lower surfaces when the fluid flows through the blade 145, thereby generating a moment that causes the blade 145 to flip, so that the blade 145 rotates to stir the material and make the material mix more fully.

[0064] When the slider 143 moves upward, the inner drum 131 is in a state lower inside the outer drum 130. At this time, the holes of the outer drum 130 are blocked and closed by the inner drum 131. The movement of the slider 143 drives the rotating rod 1440 to move upward, causing the blade 145 to rotate and stir on the outer wall of the rotating rod 1440. When the blade 145 moves to near the top of the inner drum 131, it pushes the pusher 134 upward; the movement of the slider 143 drives the blade 145 to move up and down simultaneously. When the blade 145 moves to a position near the top of the inner drum 131, it pushes the pusher 134 near the top of the inner drum 131, causing the pusher 134 to also move upward, driving the inner drum 131 to move to a position higher in the outer drum 130, aligning the holes of the inner drum 131 with the holes of the outer drum 130, facilitating the separation of materials from the holes under the centrifugal rotation of the outer drum 130.

[0065] When the slider 143 moves downward, while driving the blade 145 to rotate and stir on the outer wall of the rotating rod 1440, the blade 145 applies a downward pressure to the material inside the outer drum 130, pushing the material with a relatively low density carrying rare earth metals downward and out of the solid pipe 120 during the centrifugal rotation of the outer drum 130; at the same time, when the rotating rod 1440 passes downward through the holes between the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131, the punching rod 1441 moves forward under the elastic force of the elastic member 1442, dredging the material blocking the holes inside the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131, improving the centrifugal separation efficiency. The punching distance of the punching rod 1441 is limited by the push rod 1443 and the chuck 1444, and the support of the punching rod 1441 is maintained. Under the continuous movement of the rotating rod 1440, according to the arc of the end of the punching rod 1441, it compresses the punching rod 1441 along the arc direction into the rotating rod 1440. Through the reciprocating movement of the punching rod 1441 during stamping and rebounding, during the downward movement of the slider 143, the blockage of the holes between the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131 is cleaned; among them, the punching rod 1411 has a conical structure. When facing the situation where the inside of the holes between the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131 is blocked by materials, the front end of the conical punching rod 1441 is relatively sharp, and it is easier to insert into the gap between the blockage and the hole wall compared to other shapes (such as a flat head structure, etc.). When the rotating rod 1440 drives its movement, it can more smoothly find the entry point, start the dredging work on the blockage, and improve the convenience and timeliness of starting the dredging operation; moreover, during the reciprocating movement of the punching rod 1441 during stamping and rebounding, the conical structure can reduce the resistance during the movement. For example, when rebounding from the compressed state outward to dredge the hole, its conical surface will not be easily stuck like some shapes with edges, but can smoothly return to the initial position or rush forward to push the blockage, ensuring the coherence of moving and reciprocating between multiple holes, continuously and efficiently cleaning the blockage of different holes, and maintaining the smooth flow of materials during the entire centrifugal separation process; through the movement of the punching rod 1441 between multiple holes, the elastic member 1442 cooperates with it to continuously perform reciprocating movements, so that when the punching rod 1441 passes through the hole, it pushes the blockage of the hole, realizing the dredging operation of the hole.

[0066] In summary, the working principle of this solution is as follows:

[0067] First, the output shaft of the motor drives the gear 133 to rotate, which in turn drives the gear ring 132 to rotate, prompting the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131 to rotate synchronously, realizing the centrifugal stirring and separation operations of the materials inside the outer drum 130; at the same time, the output shaft of the motor drives the screw rod 140 to rotate. The rotation of the screw rod 140 causes the slider 143 to move between the outer walls of the screw rod 140 and the support rod 141, and the chassis 142 effectively limits the moving position of the slider 143 to prevent it from falling off; the up and down movement of the slider 143 drives the hole cleaning member 144 and the blade 145 to move synchronously.

[0068] When the slider 143 moves upward, the inner drum 131 is in a position slightly lower inside the outer drum 130. At this time, the inner drum 131 blocks and seals the holes of the outer drum 130; the movement of the slider 143 drives the rotating rod 1440 to move upward, causing the blade 145 to rotate and stir on the outer wall of the rotating rod 1440; when the blade 145 moves to a position near the top of the inner drum 131, it will push the pushing member 134 upward, applying pressure to the push block 1340, prompting the push block 1340 to move upward, thereby adjusting the height of the inner drum 131; since the end of the buckle 1342 has a radian, during the upward movement of the inner drum 131, the buckle 1342 will, under the action of force, contract from the inside of the hole of the outer drum 130 along its own radian, and at the same time drive the conical spring 1341 to contract; when the movement of the inner drum 131 is completed, the conical spring 1341 rebounds, driving the buckle 1342 to rebound and reset to the inside of the round hole of the outer drum 130, thereby fixing the height of the inner drum 131; making the inner drum 131 move to a position closer to the top of the outer drum 130, aligning the holes of the inner drum 131 with the holes of the outer drum 130, so that the material can be smoothly separated from the holes under the action of the centrifugal rotation of the outer drum 130.

[0069] When the slider 143 moves downward, while the blade 145 rotates and stirs on the outer wall of the rotating rod 1440, it applies a downward pressure to the material inside the outer drum 130, pushing the material with a lower density carrying rare earth metals downward during the centrifugal rotation of the outer drum 130, so that it flows out from the solid pipe 120; at the same time, when the rotating rod 1440 moves downward past the holes of the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131, the punching rod 1441 moves forward under the elastic force of the elastic member 1442, dredging the material blocking the inside of the holes of the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131, thereby improving the centrifugal separation efficiency; the push rod 1443 and the chuck 1444 limit the punching distance of the punching rod 1441 and maintain the support of the punching rod 1441; under the continuous movement of the rotating rod 1440, according to the radian of the end of the punching rod 1441, it is compressed along the radian direction into the rotating rod 1440; through the reciprocating movement of the punching rod 1441 punching and rebounding, when the slider 143 descends, it can effectively clean the blockage of the holes of the outer drum 130 and the inner drum 131.

[0070] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of this industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soap-free rare earth extraction and separation process, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: The ore containing rare earth and other metals is crushed and ground by a crusher to make a raw material liquid suitable for extraction; S2. Extraction: The raw material liquid and the extractant enter the centrifugal extractor through different inlets. Under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the drum assembly (13), the two phases are quickly mixed and efficient extraction is achieved. Subsequently, the two phases are quickly separated by the centrifugal force, and the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth and the raffinate are discharged from different outlets respectively; S3. Washing: The detergent and the raw material liquid are quickly mixed and separated in the centrifugal extractor through the mixing assembly to achieve the washing purpose; S4. Back extraction: The back extractant is added to the back extraction tank and comes into full contact with the raw material liquid loaded with rare earth. Under certain conditions, the rare earth elements are back extracted from the raw material liquid into the back extract. The raw material liquid after back extraction can be recycled or subjected to regeneration treatment, and the back extract enters the subsequent separation and purification steps; S5. Separation and purification: Using a precipitation tank, a suitable precipitant is added to the back extract to precipitate the rare earth elements in the form of a precipitate; A stirrer is used to ensure full mixing of the precipitant and the back extract to promote the precipitation reaction; After precipitation is completed, the rare earth precipitate is separated from the mother liquor through a filtering device; Among them, the centrifugal extractor includes a bracket (1), a lower cylinder body (12) is fixedly connected inside the bracket (1), an upper cylinder body (11) is fixedly connected to the top of the lower cylinder body (12), a fixed pipe (120) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower cylinder body (12) near the center, and a flow pipe (121) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower cylinder body (12) near the outer wall; A drum assembly (13) is movably connected inside the lower cylinder body (12), and a stirring assembly (14) is movably connected between the inside of the drum assembly (13) and the inside of the upper cylinder body (11); The drum assembly (13) is used for centrifugal separation of the raw material liquid mixture, and the stirring assembly (14) is used to improve the uniformity of mixing of the raw material liquid and the extractant. At the same time, it can also clean the separation holes of the drum assembly (13) and adjust the hole sealing state of the drum assembly (13).

2. The soap-free rare earth extraction and separation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drum assembly (13) includes an outer drum (130), the outer drum (130) is movably connected to the top of the fixed pipe (120), an inner drum (131) is movably connected inside the outer drum (130), and pushing members (134) are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the inner wall of the inner drum (131) near the inner wall of the outer drum (130). A toothed ring (132) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer drum (130) near the top, and a gear (133) is movably connected to the outer wall of the toothed ring (132). The toothed ring (132) and the gear (133) are both movably connected inside the upper cylinder body (11).

3. The saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner drum (131) is made of rubber material, and a metal wire mesh is embedded inside the inner drum (131).

4. The saponification-free rare earth extraction and separation process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving member (134) includes a push block (1340), and the push blocks (1340) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner drum (131). A plurality of the push blocks (1340) are respectively movably connected to the inside of the chutes near the top and bottom of the inner wall of the outer drum (130). One end of each push block (1340) is fixedly connected to a conical spring (1341), and the conical spring (1341) is movably connected to the inside of the inner drum (131). The end of the conical spring (1341) is fixedly connected to a buckle (1342), and the buckle (1342) is movably connected between the inner drum (131) and the outer drum (130).

5. The soap-free rare earth extraction and separation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring assembly (14) includes a screw rod (140), and the screw rod (140) is movably connected to the inside of the upper cylinder body (11). Two support rods (141) are fixedly connected to the inner top of the upper cylinder body (11), and a chassis (142) is fixedly connected between the bottoms of the two support rods (141). A slider (143) is movably connected between the outer walls of the screw rod (140) and the support rods (141), and a plurality of hole cleaning members (144) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slider (143). The outer wall of the hole cleaning member (144) is movably connected to a blade (145).

6. The soap-free rare earth extraction and separation process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hole cleaning member (144) includes a rotating rod (1440), and the rotating rod (1440) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slider (143). The outer wall of the rotating rod (1440) is movably connected to a blade (145). An impact rod (1441) is movably connected to the inside of the rotating rod (1440), and an elastic member (1442) is fixedly connected between the end of the impact rod (1441) and the inside of the rotating rod (1440). The end of the impact rod (1441) is fixedly connected to a push rod (1443), and the end of the push rod (1443) is fixedly connected to a chuck (1444).

7. The soap-free rare earth extraction and separation process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The blade (145) is in the shape of an airplane wing, and its upper surface and lower surface have different curvatures.

Images