Intercropping planting method for improving nutritional value of miscanthus sinensis mixed feed and silage

Abstract

The invention provides an intercropping planting method for improving the nutritional value of miscanthus sinensis mixed feed and silage, and belongs to the technical field of miscanthus sinensis planting. The method comprises the following steps: selecting miscanthus sinensis varieties, cutting miscanthus sinensis rhizomes into fist-sized root blocks, and planting from late March to April. When the miscanthus sinensis grows to 50-70 cm, 20 wild soybean seeds are uniformly sown around each plant of miscanthus sinensis, so that the miscanthus sinensis can climb and grow around the miscanthus sinensis. Miscanthus sinensis is harvested once in the first ten days of June, miscanthus sinensis and wild soybean mixed silage is harvested once in the first ten days of August and the last ten days of October respectively, and the efficient planting mode of three crops in one year is achieved. The method not only solves the problems of low protein content and poor palatability of miscanthus sinensis, but also improves the land utilization rate and the feed nutritional value through an intercropping mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Miscanthus planting, and in particular to an intercropping method and silage for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus mixed feed. Background Art

[0002] In animal husbandry, there are a variety of existing forage grasses, but some forage grasses require high-quality arable land resources. At the same time, many saline-alkali lands and barren lands cannot grow traditional crops due to poor soil conditions. However, Miscanthus, as a plant resistant to saline-alkali, drought and cold, can grow on these marginal lands, not only providing forage grass, but also preventing wind and fixing sand and improving soil structure. However, the protein content of Miscanthus itself is relatively low, and it is difficult to meet the high-protein requirements of herbivorous livestock when used alone as feed, so it needs to be used in combination with other high-protein feeds.

[0003] Currently, common forage grasses include pasture grasses (such as Gramineae, Leguminosae, sorghum grass, etc.), hay (such as alfalfa, lawn grass, corn straw, etc.), silage (such as corn silage, grass silage), and other forage grass seeds (such as sweet sorghum, Miscanthus, etc.). Compared with other forage grasses, Miscanthus has significant advantages: it has lower requirements for water and soil, can grow rapidly on arid and barren lands, has well-developed roots, strong resistance to pests and diseases, and broad planting conditions, and is suitable for growing in sandy soil, clay and barren soil, with strong adaptability.

[0004] However, there are still some problems with existing forage grasses:

[0005] 1. Requirements for water and climate: Many forage grasses have high requirements for water, climate and soil conditions and are difficult to grow in extreme environments.

[0006] 2. Unbalanced nutritional components: Some forage grasses (such as Miscanthus, corn straw, etc.) have low protein content and need to be used in combination with other high-protein feeds to meet the nutritional needs of animals.

[0007] 3. Palatability and digestibility: The palatability of some forage grasses is poor, resulting in low feed intake of livestock, which may cause feed waste and affect production efficiency.

[0008] 4. Pest and disease management: Although some forage grasses have strong resistance to pests and diseases, they may still face threats from pests and diseases in humid or dry environments.

[0009] 5. Storage and preservation problems: Many grass forages are prone to loss of nutritional components or mildew during storage, affecting their quality and value. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide an intercropping method and a silage feed for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus mixed feed, which solve the problems of unbalanced nutrition (low protein content), single-variety risk and poor palatability of Miscanthus, and contribute a large amount of high-quality feed without occupying agricultural cultivated land. Three crops can be harvested in a year (one crop of Miscanthus silage feed, two crops of Miscanthus and wild soybean silage). This is relatively important in the livestock industry of cattle and sheep and land utilization rate.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an intercropping method for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus mixed feed, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step S1: Select Miscanthus varieties and cut the Miscanthus rhizomes into root blocks of 10 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm.

[0013] Step S2: In late March to April, plant the root blocks by dividing them at a plant spacing of 1 m × 1 m.

[0014] Step S3: When the Miscanthus grows to 50 cm - 70 cm, evenly sow 20 wild soybean seeds around each Miscanthus plant, so that the wild soybeans climb around the Miscanthus.

[0015] Step S4: In early June, when the height of the wild soybeans is 20 cm - 40 cm, harvest the first crop of Miscanthus without harvesting the wild soybeans.

[0016] Step S5: Wait until the wild soybeans and the second crop of Miscanthus grow to early August and harvest them together; wait until the wild soybeans and the third crop of Miscanthus grow to late October and harvest them again for storage as silage feed.

[0017] Preferably, the Miscanthus variety is Lumang No. 3 or Miscanthus lutarioriparius.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, each root block has 3 - 5 bud points.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, the wild soybean seeds need to be pretreated before planting. Specifically, soak the seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, and then quickly and thoroughly wash them to remove the outer membrane, paying attention to avoiding heat generation.

[0020] The present invention also provides a silage feed obtained by the above planting method, comprising a mixture of Miscanthus and wild soybeans.

[0021] By intercropping Miscanthus varieties such as Lumang No. 3 and Nandi with Glycine soja, the low protein content of Miscanthus can be compensated for by the high protein content of Glycine soja, thereby improving the nutritional composition of the feed and enhancing its overall nutritional value. In addition, the younger Miscanthus has better palatability and is more easily accepted by livestock. After mixing with Glycine soja, it can not only further improve palatability, but also increase the flavor and texture of the feed, enhancing the feeding desire of livestock. When the ratio of the two is appropriate, the acceptance of livestock is higher.

[0022] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned intercropping planting method and silage for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus mixed feed, and the beneficial technical effects are as follows:

[0023] (1) Improve nutritional value: As a high-protein plant, Glycine soja is paired with Miscanthus rich in fiber, making the feed balanced in terms of protein and crude fiber, providing more comprehensive nutrition for herbivorous livestock, and promoting its digestion and absorption.

[0024] (2) Improve palatability: The combination of Miscanthus and Glycine soja gives the feed a unique texture and flavor, enhancing the feeding willingness of livestock. Especially when the ratio of the two is appropriate, the acceptance of livestock is significantly improved.

[0025] (3) Improve digestibility: The fiber in Miscanthus helps maintain the intestinal health of livestock, while the soluble sugars and fatty acids in Glycine soja further improve the digestibility of the feed, optimizing the digestive function of livestock.

[0026] (4) Reduce the impact of anti-nutritional factors: Glycine soja contains anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors, but through intercropping with Miscanthus, the negative effects of these anti-nutritional factors are partially eliminated, thereby improving the utilization rate of the feed.

[0027] (5) Increase yield and diversity: The intercropping mode improves the land utilization rate, increases the total yield per unit area, enriches the feed sources at the same time, and reduces the risks that may be brought by a single feed crop.

[0028] (6) Enhance ecological benefits: This planting method increases the biodiversity of the land, reduces soil erosion and the occurrence of pests and diseases, and contributes to the stability and sustainability of the agricultural ecosystem. The disease resistance of Glycine soja can also protect Miscanthus from pest attacks to a certain extent, forming a mutually beneficial symbiotic ecosystem. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 is the dry matter content of different Miscanthus forage before and after ensiling;

[0030] Figure 2 is the soluble sugar content of different Miscanthus forage before and after ensiling;

[0031] Figure 3is the crude protein content of different forage Miscanthus before and after ensiling;

[0032] Figure 4 is the neutral detergent fiber content of different forage Miscanthus before and after ensiling;

[0033] Figure 5 is the acid detergent fiber content of different forage Miscanthus before and after ensiling;

[0034] Figure 6 is the relative feeding value of different forage Miscanthus before and after ensiling. Detailed implementation mode

[0035] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] In order to improve the nutritional value and production efficiency of feed, the present invention adopts the planting method of intercropping Miscanthus and Glycine soja, and harvests them together during the harvest period for experiments. Through this intercropping mode, the complementary advantages of the two plants can be fully utilized, the protein and fiber contents in the feed can be increased, and thus the overall nutritional value of the feed can be improved. At the same time, intercropping can also optimize land use, increase the yield per unit area, and reduce production costs.

[0039] The materials used in this example include Miscanthus and Glycine soja. The Miscanthus material is Lumang No. 3 or Miscanthus lutarioriparius.

[0040] First, the Glycine soja seeds need to be pretreated before use. In order to remove the outer membrane of the Glycine soja seeds, the seeds are soaked in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for about 10 minutes, and then the seeds are quickly and thoroughly washed to ensure that the outer membrane is completely removed. Next, the rhizomes of Miscanthus are cut into root blocks the size of a fist with bud points. Each root block contains bud points to ensure its smooth growth. During planting, the root blocks are planted at a spacing of 1m×1m to ensure enough space for each Miscanthus plant to grow and expand.

[0041] After the Miscanthus is planted and grows to 50 cm - 70 cm and reaches a stable state, the planting of Glycine soja begins. About 20 Glycine soja seeds are evenly sown at the roots of Miscanthus, allowing them to naturally climb around Miscanthus for growth. The sampling period is selected when Miscanthus is suitable for harvesting and the pods of Glycine soja are not fully mature. At this stage, the growth conditions of Miscanthus and Glycine soja have reached the standards required for the experiment, ensuring the best feeding value data.

[0042] For the determination of dry matter content, first, the sample is blanched at 120 °C for 20 minutes, and then the sample is transferred to 70 °C for drying until it reaches a constant weight state to ensure complete removal of moisture, and finally the accurate dry matter content is obtained. The determination of crude protein content adopts the Kjeldahl method. The determination of soluble sugar adopts the anthrone colorimetric method. The determination of washed fiber uses the filter bag method. ADF, NDF = weight of the original sample / weight of the dried filter bag × 100. Stir 3 g of fresh sample with 30 mL of sterilized water in a blender for 1 min, then filter through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and immediately measure the pH value of the filtrate with a glass electrode pH meter.

[0043] For the microbial quantity analysis, open the silage bag on the ultra-clean workbench, mix the Miscanthus lutarioriparius silage feed sample (10 g) with 90 ml of sterilized normal saline, and make serial dilutions with sterilized water from 10 -1 -10 -6 successively. Spread the bacterial solution evenly on the MRS agar medium and incubate it aerobically at 37 °C for 48 h, and count the number of lactic acid bacteria by the plate counting method. Spread the bacterial solution evenly on the Rose Bengal agar medium and incubate it aerobically at 28 °C for 120 h, and count the number of molds and yeasts by the plate counting method. Spread the bacterial solution evenly on the Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA) medium and incubate it aerobically at 37 °C for 24 h, and count the number of lactic acid bacteria by the plate counting method.

[0044] In this example, the comparisons of microorganisms, organic acids, dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, relative feeding value, pH, etc. between Miscanthus lutarioriparius and Miscanthus sinensis cv. Lumang No. 3 with and without Glycine soja were measured, as shown in Tables 1 - 10.

[0045] The microbial quantity in the silage sample is generally high, especially the quantities of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Lactic acid bacteria contribute to the fermentation process of silage feed, reduce the growth of harmful bacteria, and improve the nutritional value and safety of the feed. In production, adding Glycine soja can promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria and improve the quality of silage, which is beneficial to both the storage of feed and the digestion and absorption of animals. After intercropping with Glycine soja, the content of lactic acid bacteria increases significantly, inhibiting the growth of other bacteria (molds).

[0046] Table 1 Microbial content of different forage Miscanthus before and after ensiling

[0047]

[0048] Note: F represents fresh sample; S represents silage; WT represents Miscanthus lutarioriparius; WS represents Glycine soja; L3 represents Miscanthus sinensis cv. Lumang No. 3; ND represents not detected; the same below.

[0049] Before ensiling, the fermentation substrate needs to have a water content between 50% and 70% to create a suitable environment for fermenting microorganisms and prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms such as molds and Clostridium butyricum during ensiling.

[0050] Generally speaking, the dry matter of Miscanthus determines the actual biomass, but its water content needs to reach a suitable level before ensiling. As Figure 1 shown.

[0051] Table 2 Dry matter content of different fresh Miscanthus forage

[0052]

[0053] Note: DM represents the dry matter of Miscanthus.

[0054] Table 3 Dry matter content of different ensiled Miscanthus forage

[0055]

[0056] Figure 2 shows that after the ensiling treatment, the content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) generally decreases. This indicates that during the ensiling process, the partial fermentation and conversion of sugar substances lead to the decrease in the WSC content.

[0057] Table 4 Water-soluble carbohydrate content of different fresh Miscanthus forage

[0058]

[0059] Note: WSC represents the soluble sugar of Miscanthus.

[0060] Table 5 Water-soluble carbohydrate content of different ensiled Miscanthus forage

[0061]

[0062] As Figure 3 , the results of the experimental group of intercropping Miscanthus forage with Glycine soja showed that adding Glycine soja significantly increased the crude protein content of the feed, indicating that the experimental method in this experiment has a positive effect on the protein content of the ensiled feed.

[0063] Table 6 Crude protein content of different fresh Miscanthus forage

[0064]

[0065] Note: CP represents the crude protein of Miscanthus.

[0066] Table 7 Crude protein content of different ensiled Miscanthus forage

[0067]

[0068] NDF refers to the part of the feed that is insoluble in neutral detergent, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and silicate, etc. In feed evaluation, NDF is an important parameter because it can reflect the fiber content of the feed and is of great significance for the nutritional regulation of ruminants. As a measure of feed volume, NDF directly affects the satiety of animals, and its content has an inverse relationship with the feed intake of livestock. ADF mainly represents the content of cellulose and lignin, or the most indigestible components in the cell wall. ADF generally has a negative correlation with digestibility: the higher the ADF content of the feed, the lower the digestibility. The content in the table is at a relatively low level, about 40%.

[0069] Such as Figure 4 , after neutral detergent washing, the remaining fiber content is at a relatively high level.

[0070] Such as Figure 5 , after acid washing, the remaining indigestible substances are at a relatively low level, which is beneficial to the digestion of ruminants such as cattle and sheep.

[0071] Such as Figure 6 , in the comparison between WT and WT+WS, and in the comparison between L3 and L3+WS, adding wild soybean shows a relatively high relative feeding value.

[0072] Table 8 Neutral and Acid Detergent Fiber Contents and Relative Feeding Values of Different Fresh Forage Miscanthus

[0073]

[0074] Note: NDF represents neutral detergent fiber; ADF represents acid detergent fiber; RFV represents relative feeding value.

[0075] Table 9 Neutral and Acid Detergent Fiber Contents and Relative Feeding Values of Different Silage Forage Miscanthus

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Table 10 Organic Acid Contents in Different Silage Samples of Forage Miscanthus

[0079]

[0080] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above intercropping method and silage for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus hybrid feed. This method not only solves the problems of low protein content and poor palatability of Miscanthus, but also improves the land utilization rate and feed nutritional value through the intercropping mode, especially having significant ecological and economic benefits on marginal lands such as saline-alkali lands. In addition, the silage obtained by the above planting method, which contains a mixture of Miscanthus and Glycine soja, has a high crude protein content, palatability and digestibility, and can be used as high-quality feed for feeding herbivorous livestock such as cattle and sheep.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions of the present invention or make equivalent replacements, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intercropping method for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus hybrid feed, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step S1: Select Miscanthus varieties and cut the Miscanthus rhizomes into root blocks of 10 cm×5 cm×5 cm; Step S2: From late March to April, plant the root blocks by dividing them into individual plants with a plant spacing of 1 m×1 m; Step S3: When the Miscanthus grows to 50 cm - 70 cm, evenly sow 20 Glycine soja seeds around each Miscanthus plant, so that the Glycine soja climbs around the Miscanthus; Step S4: In early June, when the Glycine soja is 20 cm - 40 cm tall, harvest the first crop of Miscanthus, without harvesting the Glycine soja; Step S5: Wait until the Glycine soja and the second crop of Miscanthus grow to early August and harvest them together; wait until the Glycine soja and the third crop of Miscanthus grow to late October and harvest them again for storage as silage feed.

2. The intercropping method for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus hybrid feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Miscanthus variety is Lumang No. 3 or Miscanthus lutarioriparius.

3. The intercropping method for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus hybrid feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step S1, each root block has 3 - 5 bud points.

4. A companion planting method for improving the nutritional value of Miscanthus hybrid feed according to claim 1, characterized in that In Step S3, the Glycine soja seeds need to be pretreated before planting. Specifically, soak the seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, and then quickly and thoroughly wash them to remove the outer membrane.

5. A silage feed obtained by the planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, It includes a mixture of Miscanthus and Glycine soja.

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