Flood wave classification evolution characteristic calculation method and system and medium

Abstract

The invention relates to a flood wave classification evolution characteristic calculation method and system and a medium. The method comprises the following specific steps: collecting reservoir operation data and long-series hydrological data of important control stations of a river channel; according to the flood routing characteristics of the reservoir-river channel class, the similar flood process of the downstream of the reservoir is judged; judging whether the flood routing process of each control site of the river channel is influenced by the jacking of the water level of the downstream reservoir or not according to the flood routing characteristics of the river channel-reservoir class; based on the reservoir dispatching regulation and the reservoir engineering characteristics, analyzing whether the historical typical reservoir drainage mode meets the flood wave classification requirement or not; a control variable method is adopted to analyze the relationship between evolution characteristics such as flood peak evolution duration, a tanning coefficient and rising response time and elements such as initial reservoir outbound flow, maximum rise of the reservoir outbound flow, the increase rate of the reservoir outbound flow, maximum duration of the reservoir outbound flow and the water level of the reservoir, and a correlation curve is constructed. According to the invention, specific analysis of flood routing in various flood routing scenes is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of flood wave characteristic calculation, and more specifically, to a method, system and medium for calculating the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves. Background Art

[0002] The joint operation of cascade reservoir groups has significantly improved the flood and drought disaster prevention capabilities of river basins. The operation of large-scale reservoir groups has become the biggest variable in the upstream environment of rivers, greatly changing the natural flood evolution characteristics. To adapt to the new changing environment, improve the scientific dispatching level, and give full play to the comprehensive benefits of reservoirs, it is urgent to carry out research on the impact of the construction and operation of upstream reservoir groups on flood propagation characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method, system and medium for calculating the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves, which can effectively realize the analysis of flood evolution characteristics based on historical flood data and hydrodynamic simulation.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] In the first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for calculating the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves, including the following specific steps:

[0006] S1. Select any river section affected by reservoir regulation, clarify the important control stations of the river channels upstream and downstream of the reservoir, collect the operation data of the reservoir and the long-term hydrological data of the important control stations of the river channels, and sort out and verify the reliability, consistency and representativeness of the data sequence;

[0007] S2. For the flood evolution characteristics of the "reservoir-river channel" type, select the historical typical discharge patterns of the reservoir, statistically analyze the starting discharge of the reservoir, the maximum increase in discharge, the discharge growth rate, and the duration of the maximum discharge, distinguish the similar flood processes downstream of the reservoir, and analyze and calculate the flood peak evolution duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the historical typical discharge patterns of the reservoir;

[0008] S3. For the flood evolution characteristics of the "river channel-reservoir" type, clarify the important control stations of the river channel, use the "abnormal state of the water level-discharge relationship" to judge whether the flood evolution process of each control station of the river channel is affected by the backwater level of the downstream reservoir, select the historical typical discharge patterns of the upstream reservoir, statistically analyze the starting discharge, the maximum increase in discharge, the discharge growth rate, the time of occurrence of the flood peak, and the water level height of the downstream reservoir at the same time of each flood event at the important control stations of the river channel, distinguish the similar flood processes of each control station of the river channel, and analyze and calculate the flood evolution duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the historical typical discharge patterns of the reservoir;

[0009] S4. Based on the reservoir dispatching regulations and reservoir engineering characteristics, analyze whether the discharge mode of historical typical reservoirs meets the flood wave classification requirements. If not, build a hydraulic model, set different discharge / water inflow modes for reservoirs / upstream stations, and use numerical simulation to further encrypt the analysis and calculate the flood peak evolution duration, flattening coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control station under the reservoir simulation dispatching mode;

[0010] S5. Using the control variable method, analyze the relationship between the evolution characteristics of flood peak evolution duration, flattening coefficient, and rising response time and the factors such as the reservoir's initial outflow, maximum outflow increase, outflow growth rate, maximum outflow duration, and reservoir water level, and construct a correlation curve.

[0011] The implementation method of S1 is as follows: select the river channel affected by the reservoir, clarify the distribution of the reservoir and the hydrological station, if the reservoir is upstream of the river channel and there is only a hydrological station downstream of the river channel, it is regarded as a "reservoir-river channel" type of flood evolution; if the reservoir is downstream of the river channel and there is a hydrological station upstream of the river channel, it is regarded as a "river channel-reservoir" type of flood evolution; according to the needs of the two types of flood evolution analysis, collect and organize the hourly operation data of the reservoir and the hourly flow data of the hydrological station, and use traditional methods to verify the reliability, consistency and representativeness of the data series.

[0012] The implementation method of S2 is as follows: for the flood evolution characteristics of the "reservoir-river" type, considering the need for daily peak regulation in reservoir scheduling, the reservoir outflow may change significantly. Therefore, the hourly reservoir outflow is converted into the daily average outflow use Determine whether the average daily outflow of the reservoir has changed significantly. The average daily outflow of the reservoir will basically remain stable, otherwise, the average daily outflow of the reservoir will change significantly.

[0013] When the average daily outflow of the reservoir changes significantly, and Then the average daily outbound flow on day i+N1+1 is is the maximum value. For the change of reservoir outflow on day i+N1+1, the maximum outflow at the time of recording is The time of occurrence. If the maximum outflow at a certain moment occurs multiple times in a day, the time of the first occurrence is recorded. The initial outflow of the reservoir (the minimum outflow at the time of the i-th day Q i,min ), the largest increase in outbound traffic Outbound traffic growth rate Indicators such as maximum outbound flow duration.

[0014] When the average daily outflow of the reservoir changes significantly, and Then the average daily outbound flow on day i+N1+1 is is the minimum value. For the change of reservoir outflow on day i+N1+1, record the minimum outflow at the time The time of occurrence. If the minimum outflow at a certain moment occurs multiple times in a day, the time of the last occurrence is recorded. The initial outflow of the reservoir (the maximum outflow at the moment of the i-th day Q i,max ), the largest increase in outbound traffic Outbound flow reduction rate Indicators such as minimum outbound flow duration.

[0015] The time periods when the outflow flow in the reservoir operation data changes significantly are statistically sorted, and the hourly sliding method is used to determine the corresponding flood evolution process of the hydrological station in the downstream river of the reservoir. Assuming that the time period when the reservoir discharge changes significantly is [i, i+1, …, N1, N1+1, …, N2], the similarity of the flood waves of the downstream river control stations in the time period [i+Δt, i+1+Δt, …, N1+Δt, N1+1+Δt, …, N2+Δt] is analyzed. Taking the scenario of increased reservoir discharge as an example:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, q max is the maximum flow rate at the downstream river control station during the period [i+Δt,i+1+Δt,...,N1+Δt,N1+1+Δt,...,N2+Δt], b1 is the maximum increase in flow rate at the downstream river control station during the period [i+Δt,i+1+Δt,...,N1+Δt,N1+1+Δt,...,N2+Δt], T max is the time corresponding to the maximum flow rate of [i+Δt,i+1+Δt,...,N1+Δt,N1+1+Δt,...,N2+Δt], and Υ1, Υ2, and Υ2 are empirical coefficients. Calculate y i+Δt ,y i+2Δt , …, y i+n×Δt , select the largest value from them, and the corresponding flood process of the downstream station is corresponding to this value.

[0018] Analyze and calculate the characteristics of flood peak evolution duration, flattening coefficient, rising response time, etc. at the downstream control station under the typical historical discharge mode of the reservoir.

[0019] The implementation method of S3 is as follows: for the flood evolution characteristics of the "river-reservoir" type, if there are several hydrological stations upstream of the reservoir, select the measured water level and flow data of the river control station, record the water level of the downstream reservoir at the corresponding time of the measured point, take the reservoir water level as the variable, and make a water level-flow-reservoir water level three-variable correlation diagram z=f(Q,Z水库 ), analyze whether there is a "rising" situation in the water level-discharge relationship under different reservoir water levels:

[0020] Water level-discharge relationship "rising": if Z 水库，1 > Z 水库，2 and Q1 = Q2, then z1 > z2

[0021] If there is a phenomenon of "rising" in the water level-discharge relationship, it indicates that the water level-discharge relationship of the river control station is affected by the backwater of the downstream reservoir water level.

[0022] For the calculation of the flood propagation characteristics between upstream hydrological stations of the reservoir, starting from the first hydrological station upstream of the river, first select the upstream rising flood process with stable inflow in the interval: take any annual interval flow sequence, and use methods such as DF or ADF tests to determine whether the inflow in the interval is stable; if there are l tributaries between the upstream and downstream hydrological stations, then take the time period when the inflows of all tributaries are stable simultaneously:

[0023] T ∈ (T1 ∩ T2 ∩ … ∩ T l )

[0024] Assume that within the time period when the tributary inflow is stable, the corresponding hydrological sequence of the first hydrological station upstream of the river is [q j , q j+1 , …, q j+n , if the peak flow threshold of this hydrological station is q, screen all flows exceeding the peak flow threshold Assume the minimum flow within the time periods of adjacent two flow occurrences Judge the rising process of the hydrological sequence. If the following formula is satisfied, it is regarded as a rising process:

[0025]

[0026] Assume that there are k rising processes in the flow sequence. For the peak flow, flow rise rate, and peak occurrence time corresponding to each rising process, use the flood similarity analysis method between upstream and downstream hydrological stations proposed by S2 to judge the similar floods of the second hydrological station upstream of the river, so as to analyze the flood evolution characteristics between the first and second hydrological stations. If the water level-discharge relationship of this station is affected by the backwater of the downstream reservoir water level, the water level value of the downstream reservoir at the time of peak appearance needs to be recorded. Then, starting from the second hydrological station, repeat the above analysis process for the flood evolution characteristics between the second and third hydrological stations, …, until the last reservoir station.

[0027] For the calculation of the propagation characteristics between the last hydrological station upstream of the reservoir and the reservoir, considering that the reservoir inflow generally does not report the flood hourly, in order to realize the analysis of the flood evolution characteristics between the river hydrological station and the reservoir, it is necessary to carry out the hourly back-calculation of the reservoir inflow:

[0028]

[0029] O = f(V), Z = f(V) (2)

[0030] Wherein, I1 and I2 are the inflow discharges at the beginning and end of the time period, O1 and O2 are the outflow discharges at the beginning and end of the time period; V1 and V2 are the reservoir storage volumes at the beginning and end of the time period; Z is the reservoir water level.

[0031] For the peak discharge, discharge increase rate, and peak occurrence time corresponding to the rising process of the upstream hydrological station, the flood similarity analysis method of the upstream and downstream hydrological stations of the river section proposed by S2 is adopted to judge the similar process of the inflow discharge of the downstream reservoir, so as to analyze and calculate the flood routing duration, attenuation coefficient, rising response time and other characteristics from the hydrological station to the reservoir section. If the water level-discharge relationship of this station is affected by the backwater effect of the downstream reservoir water level, the water level value of the downstream reservoir at the time of peak appearance needs to be recorded.

[0032] Taking the reservoir water level as a parameter, draw the correlation diagram between flood propagation characteristics (such as peak propagation time, rise difference coefficient, rising response time, etc.) and peak magnitude. Proceed to S4 for the next calculation.

[0033] The implementation method of the said S4 is as follows: Based on the design flood standard of the hydrological station, analyze whether the historical typical cases meet the flood wave classification requirements from three aspects: "peak distribution", "flood volume magnitude", and "flood form":

[0034] Peak distribution: Analyze the design flood data of the hydrological station, and take the peak magnitudes corresponding to probabilities such as 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% as the standards to measure whether the peak distribution in the actual cases covers the above design flood peak standards.

[0035] Flood form: Whether the flood wave forms in the selected flood cases involve two forms: "single peak" and "double peak (main peak in front, main peak behind)".

[0036] Flood volume magnitude: Analyze the design flood volume data of the hydrological station, and take the flood volume magnitudes corresponding to probabilities such as 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% as the standards to measure whether the flood volume magnitudes in the actual cases cover the above design flood volume standards.

[0037] Based on the reservoir operation rules and the reservoir project characteristics, analyze whether the historical typical reservoir discharge cases meet the requirements of discharge wave classification from three aspects: "maximum discharge", "discharge mode", and "duration":

[0038] Maximum discharge: According to the maximum flood carrying capacity of the downstream river channel of the hydraulic project, reverse calculate the maximum discharge of the upstream reservoir of the river channel, and clarify the minimum discharge of the upstream reservoir according to the ecological flow of the river channel. Discretize equally between the maximum discharge and the minimum discharge values, and analyze whether the reservoir discharge in the selected cases meets the discrete values.

[0039] Release method: Whether the flood wave form in the selected reservoir release cases involves "maintaining a constant release method", "gradually increasing the release method", or "gradually decreasing the release method".

[0040] Duration: Based on the clear maximum release flow rate Q max (m3 / s) and the minimum release flow rate Q min (m3 / s), as well as the water storage volume w corresponding to the normal high water level of the reservoir max (100 million m 3 ) and the water storage volume w corresponding to the dead water level min (100 million m3), calculate the longest and shortest durations of reservoir release Analyze whether the reservoir release duration in the selected actual samples covers the calculated longest and shortest durations.

[0041] If the above three conditions are not all met, then conduct a refined analysis, construct a hydraulic model of the corresponding river section, and set up a numerical simulation plan based on the idea of the control variable method, as follows:[[]]

[0042] For the numerical simulation plan of flood routing at the hydrological station: Assume that the flood peak distribution of this flood is [Q 1％ ,Q 5％ ,Q 10％ ,Q 20％ , and the flood volume distribution is [w 1％ ,w 5％ ,w 10％ ,w 20％ ; Select a historical typical single-peak flood process, and use the following peak-volume same-frequency amplification method to construct simulation plans in the single-peak form [Q 1％ ,w 1％ , [Q 5％ ,w 5％ , …, [Q 20％ ,w 20％ ; And simulation plans in the double-peak form (taking the case where the main peak is in the front) [Q 1％,front ,w 1％ , [Q 5％,front ,w 5％ , …, [Q 20％,front ,w 20％ .[[]]

[0043] For different reservoir release plans: Assume the maximum reservoir release is [Q max,1 ,Q max,2 ,Q max,3 ,Q max,4 , and the duration is [T1, T2, T3, T4], where T1, T2, T3, T4 ∈ [T min ,T max; Take the flow rate corresponding to the full output of the reservoir as the starting rising flow rate Q begin , and adopt the method of increasing or decreasing step by step in n days. The daily flow rate increase (taking the maximum discharge Q max,1 as an example); construct different discharge schemes for the reservoir (taking the maximum discharge Q max,1 as an example) …,

[0044]

[0045] Use the hydrodynamic model to simulate the above schemes to form the flood wave evolution patterns of the upper and lower control points.

[0046] The implementation method of S5 is as follows: Analyze the relationships between the evolution characteristics such as the flood peak evolution duration, attenuation coefficient, and starting response time between the upper and lower nodes and the elements such as the initial reservoir discharge flow rate, the maximum increase in the discharge flow rate, the growth rate of the discharge flow rate, the duration of the maximum discharge flow rate, and the reservoir water level, and construct the correlation curve.

[0047] In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a flood wave classification evolution characteristic calculation system, which includes: a memory and a processor. The memory includes a program of a flood wave classification evolution characteristic calculation method. When the program of the flood wave classification evolution characteristic calculation method is executed by the processor, the steps of the flood wave classification evolution characteristic calculation method described above are realized.

[0048] In the third aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores program codes. When the program codes are executed by the processor, the steps of the flood wave classification evolution characteristic calculation method described above are realized.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0050] By formulating the analysis methods for the flood wave evolution characteristics of the "river - reservoir" and "reservoir - river" types, the accurate analysis of the flood wave evolution characteristics of the river reaches affected by the reservoir operation is realized. Compared with the prior art, the present invention first proposes a flood wave classification evolution calculation method under the influence of the "river - reservoir" system, which can effectively realize the analysis of the flood wave evolution characteristics of classified floods on the basin surface, so as to more accurately identify the flood propagation laws under different evolution types. Description of the Drawings

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0052] Figure 1 It is the flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 It is the flood propagation map from Xiangjiaba Reservoir to Zhutuo.

[0054] Figure 3 It is the relationship diagram of water level and discharge at Cuntan Station under different low water levels in the Three Gorges Reservoir.

[0055] Figure 4 It is the flood propagation process map from Gangtuo to Batang.

[0056] Figure 5 It is the process map of discharge from Xiangjiaba Reservoir at different flows.

[0057] Figure 6 It is the process map of discharge from Xiangjiaba Reservoir at different flows.

[0058] Figure 7 It is the evolution characteristic map of the discharge process from Xiangjiaba under different reservoir water levels in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Detailed implementation manners

[0059] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in combination with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0060] The term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0061] The terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can it be understood as requiring or implying any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 1 , a method for calculating the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves, comprising the following specific steps:

[0063] S1. Select any river section affected by reservoir regulation, clarify the important control stations of the river channels upstream and downstream of the reservoir, collect the operation data of the reservoir and the long-term hydrological data of the important control stations of the river channels, and sort out and verify the reliability, consistency and representativeness of the data sequence.

[0064] Taking the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the object, analyze the important control nodes of the important main and tributary rivers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, including the Jinsha River (main stream, Yalong River), Min River (main stream, Dadu River, Qingyi River), Tuojiang River, Jialing River (main stream, Fu River, Qu River, Bailong River), Wu River, and the main stream of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Collect the water regime and project operation data involved.

[0065] Table 1 Research scope and main nodes

[0066]

[0067] Carry out the division of two types of systems, namely "reservoir-river channel" and "river channel-reservoir".

[0068] S2. For the flood evolution characteristics of the "reservoir-river channel" type, select the typical historical discharge patterns of the reservoir, statistically analyze indicators such as the initial discharge of the reservoir, the maximum increase in discharge, the growth rate of discharge, and the duration of the maximum discharge, identify similar flood processes downstream of the reservoir, and analyze and calculate characteristics such as the flood peak evolution duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time of the downstream control stations under the typical historical discharge patterns of the reservoir.

[0069] Taking the section from Xiangjiaba to Zhutuo of the main stream of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example, such as Figure 2 , select a total of 49 typical incoming water processes of Xiangjiaba Reservoir and Zhutuo Hydrological Station from the hourly flood reporting data from 2013 to 2023, and statistically analyze the flood propagation characteristics between Xiangjiaba and Zhutuo. The results show that the flood propagation time from Xiangjiaba Reservoir to Zhutuo Station is 11 - 23h, with an average propagation time of 17h; the rising response time of the flood is 13 - 25h, with an average rising response time of 19h; the rising difference coefficient is between 0.18 and 2.40, with an average rising difference coefficient of 0.85.

[0070] S3. Regarding the flood routing characteristics of the "river - reservoir" type, identify important control stations of the river. Use the "abnormal state of the water level - discharge relationship" to determine whether the flood routing process of each control station of the river is affected by the backwater level of the downstream reservoir. Select the historical typical discharge patterns of the upstream reservoir, and statistically analyze indicators such as the starting flow rate of flood events, the maximum increase in flow rate, the flow rate growth rate, the time of occurrence of the flood peak, and the water level of the downstream reservoir at the same time at important control stations of the river to determine the similar flood processes of each control station of the river. Analyze and calculate characteristics such as the flood routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time of the downstream control station under the historical typical discharge pattern of the reservoir.

[0071] Taking the backwater impact of the water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the area at the reservoir tail as an example, using the actual measured data points to plot the water level - discharge relationship diagram of Cuntan Station under different low - flow conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir. From Figure 3 it can be seen that when the water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir is close to full storage, the actual measured flow data at Cuntan Station are all on the small side, concentrated in a small flow range. Due to the obvious backwater stratification phenomenon in the distribution of the actual measured points of the water level - discharge relationship at Cuntan Station under the high water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

[0072] For example Figure 4 , taking the section from Gangtuo to Batang in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River as an example, select a total of 23 typical flood processes from August 2011 to 2024 (since the observation data) of Gangtuo Hydrological Station and Batang Hydrological Station from the hourly flood reporting data. According to the time of occurrence of the flood peak flow rate from Gangtuo Station to Batang Station, statistically analyze the flood propagation characteristics between the two stations. The results show that the flood propagation time from Gangtuo Station to Batang Station is 13 - 25h, with an average propagation time of 19h; the flood rising response time is 13 - 25h, with an average rising response time of 19h; and the average rising difference coefficient is 0.90.

[0073] S4. Based on the reservoir operation regulations and the characteristics of the reservoir project, analyze whether the historical typical reservoir discharge patterns meet the requirements of flood wave classification. If not, construct a hydraulic model, set different discharge / inflow patterns at the reservoir / upstream station, and use numerical simulation to further conduct dense analysis and calculate characteristics such as the flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time of the downstream control station under the simulated reservoir operation pattern.

[0074] Taking the Xiangjiaba Reservoir as an example, set different discharge schemes, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 .

[0075] Analyze the routing characteristics of the discharge process of Xiangjiaba under different water levels of the Three Gorges Reservoir, as shown in Figure 7 .

[0076] S5. Using the method of controlling variables, analyze the relationships between evolution characteristics such as flood peak evolution duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time, and elements such as the initial reservoir discharge flow rate, maximum increase in discharge flow rate, growth rate of discharge flow rate, duration of maximum discharge flow rate, and reservoir water level, and construct correlation curves.

[0077] An embodiment of the present application provides a system for calculating the classification evolution characteristics of flood waves. The system includes: a memory and a processor. The memory includes a program for a method of calculating the classification evolution characteristics of flood waves. When the program for the method of calculating the classification evolution characteristics of flood waves is executed by the processor, the steps of the method of calculating the classification evolution characteristics of flood waves as described above are implemented.

[0078] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores program codes. When the program codes are executed by a processor, the steps of calculating the classification evolution characteristics of flood waves as described above are implemented.

[0079] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program codes.

[0080] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more of the processes or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 one or more of the blocks or multiple blocks.

[0081] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction device, and the instruction device implements the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more of the processes or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 one or more of the blocks or multiple blocks.

[0082] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the functions specified in one process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 One process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 Steps for the functions specified in one box or multiple boxes.

[0083] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), an input / output interface, a network interface, and memory.

[0084] The memory may include non-permanent memory in the computer-readable medium, in the form of random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0085] Computer-readable media includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology for information storage. The information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transitory computer-readable media such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0086] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves, characterized in that, It includes the following specific steps: S1. Select any river section affected by reservoir regulation, clarify the important control stations of the river channels upstream and downstream of the reservoir, collect the operation data of the reservoir and the long-term hydrological data of the important control stations of the river channels, and sort out and verify the reliability, consistency and representativeness of the data series; S2. For the flood routing characteristics of the "reservoir-river channel" type, select the typical historical discharge modes of the reservoir, statistically analyze the initial discharge of the reservoir, the maximum increase in discharge, the growth rate of discharge, and the duration index of the maximum discharge, distinguish the similar flood processes downstream of the reservoir, and analyze and calculate the flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the typical historical discharge modes of the reservoir; S3. For the flood routing characteristics of the "river channel-reservoir" type, clarify the important control stations of the river channels, use the "abnormal stage-discharge relationship" to determine whether the flood routing processes of the control stations of the river channels are affected by the backwater level of the downstream reservoir, select the typical historical discharge modes of the upstream reservoir, statistically analyze the initial discharge, the maximum increase in discharge, the growth rate of discharge, the time of occurrence of the flood peak, and the water level of the downstream reservoir at the same time of the control stations of the river channels, distinguish the similar flood processes of the control stations of the river channels, and analyze and calculate the flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the typical historical discharge modes of the reservoir; S4. Based on the reservoir operation rules and the engineering characteristics of the reservoir, analyze whether the typical historical discharge modes of the reservoir meet the requirements of flood wave classification. If not, construct a hydraulic model, set different discharge / inflow modes of the reservoir / upstream stations, and use numerical simulation to further densify the analysis and calculate the flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the simulated operation modes of the reservoir; S5. Adopt the control variable method to analyze the relationships between the routing characteristics such as flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time and the factors such as the initial discharge of the reservoir, the maximum increase in discharge, the growth rate of discharge, the duration of the maximum discharge, and the water level of the reservoir, and construct the correlation curves.

2. The calculation method for the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves according to claim 1, wherein The implementation method of S1 is as follows: Select the river channel affected by the reservoir, clarify the distribution of the reservoir and the hydrological stations. If the reservoir is upstream of the river channel and there is only a hydrological station downstream of the river channel, it is regarded as the flood routing type of "reservoir-river channel". If the reservoir is downstream of the river channel and there is a hydrological station built upstream of the river channel, it is regarded as the flood routing type of "river channel-reservoir"; According to the needs of flood routing analysis of the two types, collect and sort out the hourly operation data of the reservoir and the hourly flow data of the hydrological stations, and verify the reliability, consistency and representativeness of the data series.

3. The method for calculating the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves according to claim 1, wherein, Regarding the flood routing characteristics of the "reservoir - river channel" type in S2, considering the need for daily peak regulation in reservoir operation, the reservoir discharge flow may change significantly. Convert the hourly reservoir discharge flow into the daily average reservoir discharge flow. Adopt To determine whether there is an obvious change in the daily average reservoir discharge flow. If the daily average reservoir discharge flow basically remains stable; otherwise, there is an obvious change in the daily average reservoir discharge flow. Statistically sort out the time periods when the discharge of the reservoir changes significantly in the operation data of the reservoir, use the hourly sliding method to determine the corresponding flood routing process of the hydrological station downstream of the reservoir, and analyze and calculate the flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the typical historical discharge modes of the reservoir.

4. A method for calculating the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves according to claim 1, characterized in that The implementation method of S3 is as follows: For the flood routing characteristics of the "river - reservoir" type, if there are several hydrological stations upstream of the reservoir, select the measured water level and flow data of the river control stations, record the water level of the downstream reservoir corresponding to the measured point at the corresponding time, and take the reservoir water level as a variable to make a three - variable correlation diagram of water level - flow - reservoir water level z = f(Q, Z 水库 ), and analyze whether there is a "rising" situation in the water level - flow relationship under different reservoir water levels: The water level-discharge relationship "rises": if Z 水库，1 > Z 水库，2 and Q1 = Q2, then z1 > z2 For the calculation of the flood propagation characteristics between upstream hydrological stations of a reservoir, starting from the first hydrological station upstream of the river course, first select the upstream rising flood process with stable interval inflow: take the interval flow sequence of any year and determine whether the interval inflow is stable; if there are l tributaries between the upstream and downstream hydrological stations, take the time period when the inflows of all tributaries are stable simultaneously: T ∈ (T1 ∩ T2 ∩... ∩ T l ) Assume that during the period when the tributary inflow is stable, the corresponding hydrological sequence at the first hydrological station upstream of the river channel is [q j , q j+1 ,..., q j+n . If the peak flow threshold of this hydrological station is q, screen all the flows that exceed the peak flow threshold Assume the minimum flow during the time periods when two adjacent flows occur Judge the rising process of the hydrological sequence. If the following formula is satisfied, it is regarded as a rising process: Suppose there are k rising flood processes in the flow sequence. For the peak flow, flow increase rate, and peak occurrence time corresponding to each rising flood process, judge the similar flood at the second hydrological station upstream of the river course, so as to analyze the flood evolution characteristics between the first and second hydrological stations. If the water level-flow relationship of this station is affected by the backwater effect of the downstream reservoir water level, the water level value of the downstream reservoir at the time of peak appearance needs to be recorded. Then, starting from the second hydrological station, repeat the above analysis process to analyze the flood evolution characteristics between the second and third hydrological stations, ……, until the last reservoir station; For the calculation of the propagation characteristics between the last hydrological station upstream of the reservoir and the reservoir, carry out the hourly reverse deduction of the reservoir inflow: O=f(V), Z=f(V) (2) In the formula, I1 and I2 are the inflow at the beginning and end of the time period, O1 and O2 are the outflow at the beginning and end of the time period; V1 and V2 are the reservoir storage at the beginning and end of the time period; Z is the reservoir water level. For the peak flow, flow increase rate, and peak occurrence time corresponding to the rising flood process of the upstream hydrological station, use the flood similarity analysis method of upstream and downstream hydrological stations in the river reach to judge the similar process of the downstream reservoir inflow, so as to analyze and calculate the flood evolution duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics from the hydrological station to the reservoir section. If the water level-flow relationship of this station is affected by the backwater effect of the downstream reservoir water level, the water level value of the downstream reservoir at the time of peak appearance needs to be recorded. Taking the reservoir water level as a parameter variable, draw the correlation diagram between flood propagation characteristics and peak flood magnitude.

5. A method for calculating the classification and evolution characteristics of flood waves according to claim 1, characterized in that The implementation method of S4 is as follows: The implementation method of S4 is to analyze whether historical typical cases meet the flood wave classification requirements from three aspects: flood peak distribution, flood volume magnitude, and flood form based on the design flood standard of the hydrological station: Flood peak distribution: Analyze the design flood data of the hydrological station, and take the flood peak magnitudes corresponding to the probabilities of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% as the standards to measure whether the flood peak distribution in the actual case covers the above design flood standards; Flood form: Whether the flood wave forms in the selected flood cases involve two forms: single peak and double peak; Flood magnitude: Analyze the design flood volume data of hydrological stations. Taking the flood magnitudes corresponding to the probabilities of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% as the standards, measure whether the flood magnitudes in actual cases cover the above design flood volume standards.

6. A flood wave classification and evolution characteristic calculation system, characterized in that, The system includes: a memory and a processor. The memory includes a program of a calculation method for flood wave classification and evolution characteristics. When the program of the calculation method for flood wave classification and evolution characteristics is executed by the processor, the following steps are implemented: S1. Select any river reach affected by reservoir regulation, clarify the important control stations of the river course upstream and downstream of the reservoir, collect the operation data of the reservoir and the long-term hydrological data of the important control stations of the river course, and sort out and verify the reliability, consistency, and representativeness of the data sequence; S2. For the flood routing characteristics of the "reservoir - river" type, select the typical historical discharge patterns of the reservoir, statistically analyze the starting discharge of the reservoir, the maximum increase in discharge, the growth rate of discharge, and the duration index of the maximum discharge, identify similar flood processes downstream of the reservoir, and analyze and calculate the flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the typical historical discharge patterns of the reservoir. S3. For the flood routing characteristics of the "river - reservoir" type, identify important control stations of the river, use the "abnormal stage - discharge relationship" to determine whether the flood routing process of each control station of the river is affected by the backwater effect of the reservoir water level downstream, select the typical historical discharge patterns of the upstream reservoir, statistically analyze the starting discharge, the maximum increase in discharge, the growth rate of discharge, the time of occurrence of the flood peak, and the water level of the downstream reservoir at the same time of each flood event at the important control stations of the river, identify similar flood processes of each control station of the river, and analyze and calculate the flood routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the typical historical discharge patterns of the reservoir. S4. Based on the reservoir operation rules and the characteristics of the reservoir project, analyze whether the typical historical discharge patterns of the reservoir meet the requirements of flood wave classification. If not, construct a hydraulic model, set different discharge / inflow patterns at the reservoir / upstream stations, and use numerical simulation to further refine the analysis and calculate the flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time characteristics of the downstream control stations under the simulated reservoir operation patterns. S5. Using the control variable method, analyze the relationships between the routing characteristics such as flood peak routing duration, attenuation coefficient, and rising response time and the factors such as the starting discharge of the reservoir, the maximum increase in discharge, the growth rate of discharge, the duration of the maximum discharge, and the reservoir water level, and construct the correlation curves.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer - readable storage medium stores program codes, and when the program codes are executed by a processor, the steps of the flood wave classification and routing characteristic calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

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