Pig feed based on rhus chinensis branch and leaf powder and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a pig feed based on rhus chinensis branch and leaf powder and a preparation method thereof. The pig feed based on the rhus chinensis branch and leaf powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 19%-21% of corn, 18%-20% of soybean meal, 5%-9% of brown rice, 6.48% of rice bran, 5%-15% of soybean meal, 5%-8% of the rhus chinensis branch and leaf powder, 3% of wheat flour, 5.15% of beet pulp, 3.6% of beer yeast, 2%-3% of puffed soybeans, 2%-3% of puffed flaxseeds, 1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5% of soybean oil, 1.2%-1.5% of peach gum polysaccharide, 0.2% of sodium bicarbonate and 0.67% of zeolite powder. 0.54% of table salt and 2-3% of premix; wherein the rhus chinensis branch and leaf powder is crushed after being subjected to steam explosion pretreatment at the temperature of 95-105 DEG C. Through staged differential addition of rhus chinensis, the production performance and health indexes of pigs in all growth stages are remarkably improved, process parameters are controllable, and the method is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of feeds, and more particularly to a pig feed based on sumac branch and leaf powder and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In traditional pig feeds, soybean meal accounts for as high as 20% - 25%. In recent years, the price fluctuations of soybean meal and import dependence have led to a sharp increase in cost pressure. The low-protein feed technology needs to supplement synthetic amino acids to balance nutrition, but the palatability and digestibility of fiber raw materials have become bottlenecks. Sumac branches and leaves are rich in polyphenols (such as quercetin, ethyl gallate), flavonoids (such as rhoifolin) and lignin compounds. Among them, quercetin and ethyl gallate not only have relatively high contents, but also show the strongest antioxidant activity, and have the functions of anti-diarrhea and growth promotion. However, its lignin content is high (≥18%), and direct addition will reduce the feed utilization rate. Although existing high-temperature steam explosion (>150°C) can degrade fibers, it destroys heat-sensitive active ingredients.

[0003] Flavonoid compounds have the functions of scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Gestating sows have special nutritional requirements, and issues such as maternal maintenance and fetal development need to be taken into account. Traditional formulations mostly rely on high-fiber raw materials (such as wheat bran) and synthetic additives (such as zinc oxide), but there are problems such as low fiber utilization rate, mineral imbalance and antibiotic dependence. Weaned piglets are prone to problems such as stress diarrhea and slow growth due to the imperfect development of the digestive system. Traditional finishing pig feeds are mainly composed of corn, soybean meal, etc., with single nutrition and lack of natural active ingredients. Long-term use is likely to lead to problems such as decreased immunity and antibiotic dependence in the pig herd. Sumac branches and leaves have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and intestinal function-regulating effects, but their application in pig feeds has not been effectively developed.

[0004] Corn has a high yield and strong adaptability, and is a high-quality feed for various livestock. 100 kg of corn kernels is equivalent to 135 kg of oats, 125 kg of sorghum, and 130 kg of barley. It is an indispensable feed for beef cattle, dairy cows, horses, sheep, pigs, poultry and fish. The crude protein content of corn is 5 - 10%, with less cellulose and good palatability, and is liked by various livestock. Corn contains vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin E5, carotene, riboflavin. The digestibility of organic matter in corn is relatively high. The nutritional components of corn are relatively comprehensive, generally containing 8.5% protein, 4.3% fat, 73.2% carbohydrates, 0.022% calcium, 0.21% phosphorus, 0.0016% iron, and also containing carotene, vitamin B1, B2, niacin, as well as sitosterol, lecithin, vitamin E, lysine, etc.

[0005] Soybean meal is a by-product obtained after extracting soybean oil from soybeans, also known as "soybean cake". The crude protein content in soybean cake and soybean meal is as high as 30-50%, which is one of the main protein feeds for animals. The various amino acids contained in soybean meal are suitable for the nutritional needs of pigs. Soybean meal has a strong fragrance and is easy to digest. Adding soybean meal to the feed is beneficial to attracting pigs to eat and providing the nutrients required for pig growth, which is conducive to absorption and digestion.

[0006] Rice bran is mainly made from the pericarp, seed coat, outer endosperm, aleurone layer and embryo. It has high nutritional value and low price. Adding an appropriate amount of rice bran to the feed can effectively reduce costs and enrich the taste of the feed.

[0007] Peach gum polysaccharide is a natural high-molecular polysaccharide extracted from the resin secreted by the bark of peach trees. It is mainly composed of monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, and xylose linked by glycosidic bonds, and has biological activities such as antioxidant, intestinal flora regulation, immune regulation, and anti-inflammatory.

[0008] Rhus chinensis Mill. is a plant of the genus Rhus in the family Anacardiaceae. Its branches and leaves have shown important biological activities in traditional medicine and modern research, containing polyphenols (such as quercetin, ethyl gallate), flavonoids (such as rhoifolin) and lignin compounds. Among them, quercetin and ethyl gallate not only have relatively high contents, but also show the strongest antioxidant activity, and have the functions of anti-diarrhea and growth promotion. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present disclosure provides a pig feed based on the powder of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill., comprising the following components in percentage by weight:

[0010] Corn 19%-21%, soybean meal 18%-20%, brown rice 5%-9%, rice bran 6.48%, soybean meal 5%-15%, powder of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. 5%-8%, wheat flour 3%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2%-3%, extruded flaxseed 2%-3%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.2-1.5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2%-3%;

[0011] Among them, the premix provides per kilogram of diet: VA 7000IU, VB1 2mg, VB2 6mg, VB6 3mg, VB 120.03 mg, VD3 1800 IU, VE 160 IU, biotin 0.75 mg, folic acid 6.8 mg, D-pantothenic acid 16 mg, niacin 70 mg, Cu 12.5 mg, Fe 108.0 mg, Zn 100 mg, Mn 64 mg, I 0.40 mg, Se 0.40 mg, Cr 0.25 mg. The sumac branch and leaf powder is pulverized after steam explosion pretreatment at a temperature of 95°C - 105°C.

[0012] In some embodiments, the formula is adjusted according to the growth stage of the pig herd:

[0013] Weaning piglet stage: corn 20%, barley 18%, soybean meal 18.59%, sumac powder 8%, brown rice 5.79%, wheat flour 3%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.39%, extruded flaxseed 2.1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 1.99%. The above percentages are all weight percentages. Table 1 shows the sumac weaning piglet feed formula and nutritional levels.

[0014] Table 1

[0015]

[0016]

[0017] 1) The premix provides per kilogram of diet: VA 7000 IU, VB1 2 mg, VB2 6 mg, VB6 3 mg, VB 12 0.03 mg, VD3 1800 IU, VE 160 IU, biotin 0.75 mg, folic acid 6.8 mg, D-pantothenic acid 16 mg, niacin 70 mg, Cu 12.5 mg, Fe 108.0 mg, Zn 100 mg, Mn 64 mg, I 0.40 mg, Se 0.40 mg, Cr 0.25 mg.

[0018] 2) The crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus are measured values, and other nutritional levels are calculated values.

[0019] Finishing pig stage: corn 20.3%, barley 19%, soybean meal 16.99%, sumac powder 7%, brown rice 7.33%, wheat flour 3.00%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.39%, extruded flaxseed 2.10%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.25%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2%. The above percentages are all weight percentages. Table 2 shows the feed formula and nutritional level of sumac finishing pigs.

[0020] Table 2

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] 1) The premix provides per kilogram of diet: VA 7000 IU, VB1 2mg, VB2 6mg, VB6 3mg, VB 12 0.03mg, VD3 1800 IU, VE 160IU, biotin 0.75mg, folic acid 6.8mg, D-pantothenic acid 16mg, niacin 70mg, Cu 12.5mg, Fe 108.0mg, Zn 100mg, Mn 64mg, I 0.40mg, Se 0.40mg, Cr 0.25 mg.

[0024] 2) The crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus are measured values, and other nutritional levels are calculated values.

[0025] Pregnant sow stage: corn 19.95%, barley 20.3%, soybean meal 15.12%, sumac powder 5%, brown rice 9%, wheat flour 3.00%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.99%, extruded flaxseed 2.00%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2.5%, premix 2.5%. The above percentages are all weight percentages. Table 3 shows the feed formula and nutritional level of sumac pregnant sows.

[0026] Table 3

[0027]

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] 1) The premix provides per kilogram of the diet: VA 7000 IU, VB1 2 mg, VB2 6 mg, VB6 3 mg, VB 12 0.03 mg, VD3 1800 IU, VE 160 IU, biotin 0.75 mg, folic acid 6.8 mg, D-pantothenic acid 16 mg, niacin 70 mg, Cu 12.5 mg, Fe 108.0 mg, Zn 100 mg, Mn 64 mg, I 0.40 mg, Se 0.40 mg, Cr 0.25 mg.

[0031] 2) The crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus are measured values, and other nutrient levels are calculated values.

[0032] In some embodiments, in the steam explosion pretreatment, the moisture content of the Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves is controlled at ≤15%, and the fiber degradation rate after steam explosion is ≥50%.

[0033] In some embodiments, the Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves powder is pulverized to 60 mesh after steam explosion pretreatment.

[0034] The present disclosure also provides a preparation method of a pig feed based on Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves powder, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) Pretreatment of Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves: Cut the Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves into sections of 2 - 5 cm, and process them with a steam explosion device at parameters of temperature 100°C ± 5°C and pressure 0.8 MPa ± 0.1 MPa. After treatment, dry them to a moisture content of ≤10% and pulverize.

[0036] (2) Raw material mixing: Weigh corn and rice bran according to the formula and perform instantaneous enzyme inactivation treatment at 120°C - 150°C, and process soybean meal by an extrusion process. Add barley, brown rice, extruded soybean, and extruded linseed to the above-treated corn, rice bran, and soybean meal according to the formula, pulverize, and then put them into a mixer to stir and mix evenly.

[0037] (3) Preliminarily premix wheat flour, beet pulp, brewer's yeast, calcium hydrogen phosphate, soybean oil, peach gum polysaccharide, sodium bicarbonate, zeolite powder, salt, and premix according to the formula ratio, and then put them into a mixer to continue stirring and mixing with the mixture in step (2) to obtain a mixture;

[0038] (4) Conditioning and granulation: Condition the mixture with steam to a moisture content of 16% - 18%, and perform granulation, controlling the particle hardness ≥8 kg / cm 2 ;

[0039] (5) Cooling and packaging: Cool the particles to room temperature, screen out the broken particles, and then seal and package.

[0040] In some embodiments, in step (1), it is pulverized to 60 mesh.

[0041] In some embodiments, during the uniform mixing in step (2), a double-shaft paddle mixer is used to mix for 10 to 15 minutes at a rotational speed of 30 to 40 r / min.

[0042] In some embodiments, granulation is carried out in a ring die granulator with a die hole diameter of 3.0 mm.

[0043] In some embodiments, the particles are cooled to room temperature by a countercurrent cooler.

[0044] The feed of the present disclosure reduces the usage of soybean meal and saves costs through optimizing the formula and pretreatment process. At the same time, it improves the digestibility of sumac branches and leaves by fiber modification, combines precise nutrition regulation, improves the growth performance of pig groups, reduces the feed cost by 10% - 15%, and reduces the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets. Meanwhile, it uses the medicine and food homologous functional components of sumac to improve the intestinal health of pigs and enhance immunity, and is applicable to large-scale breeding. The present disclosure significantly improves the production performance and health indicators of pigs at each growth stage through the stage-based differential addition of sumac, and the process parameters are controllable, being suitable for industrial production. Description of the Drawings

[0045] Figure 1 Shows the influence of sumac sow feed on sow milk according to some embodiments, where the left column of each group corresponds to the common pregnant sow feed, and the right column of each group corresponds to the sumac pregnant sow feed of the present disclosure. In the figure, * indicates a significant difference with P < 0.05.

[0046] Figure 2 Shows the influence of sumac sow feed on the litter performance of sows according to some embodiments, where the left column of each group corresponds to the common pregnant sow feed, and the right column of each group corresponds to the sumac pregnant sow feed of the present disclosure. In the figure, * indicates a significant difference with P < 0.05.

[0047] Figure 3 Shows the influence of sumac finishing pig feed on the growth and development of finishing pigs according to some embodiments, where the left column of each group corresponds to the common finishing pig feed, and the right column of each group corresponds to the sumac finishing pig feed of the present disclosure. In the figure, ** indicates a highly significant difference with P < 0.01.

[0048] Figure 4 Shows the influence of sumac finishing pig feed on the disease resistance of finishing pigs according to some embodiments, where the left column of each group corresponds to the common finishing pig feed, and the right column of each group corresponds to the sumac finishing pig feed of the present disclosure. In the figure, * indicates a significant difference with P < 0.05, and ** indicates a highly significant difference with P < 0.01.

[0049] Figure 5Shows the effects of the Rhus chinensis weaned piglet feed on the growth and development of piglets according to some embodiments, wherein the left column of each group corresponds to the ordinary weaned piglet feed, and the right column of each group corresponds to the Rhus chinensis weaned piglet feed of the present disclosure. In the figure, ** indicates a highly significant difference with P < 0.01.

[0050] Figure 6 Shows the effects of the Rhus chinensis weaned piglet feed on the immunity of piglets according to some embodiments, wherein the left column of each group corresponds to the ordinary weaned piglet feed, and the right column of each group corresponds to the Rhus chinensis weaned piglet feed of the present disclosure. In the figure, * indicates a significant difference with P < 0.05, and ** indicates a highly significant difference with P < 0.01.

[0051] Figure 7 Shows the flow chart of the Rhus chinensis feed processing technology according to some embodiments. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] The following implementation examples can enable those skilled in the art to understand the present disclosure more comprehensively, but do not limit the present disclosure in any way.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following implementation examples can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0054] The present disclosure adopts low-temperature steam explosion combined with a staged formula to improve its nutritional value while retaining the effective components of Rhus chinensis.

[0055] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a low-protein pig feed based on Rhus chinensis leaf and twig powder, comprising the following components in weight percentages:

[0056] Energy feed: corn, barley, brown rice, wheat flour, rice bran, beet pulp, extruded linseed, Rhus chinensis leaf and twig powder; wherein, the Rhus chinensis leaf and twig powder is pretreated by low-temperature steam explosion and then pulverized to 60 meshes.

[0057] Protein feed: soybean meal, extruded soybean, brewer's yeast;

[0058] Energy feed: corn, barley, brown rice, wheat flour, rice bran, beet pulp, extruded linseed;

[0059] Nutritional supplements: calcium hydrogen phosphate, soybean oil, sodium bicarbonate, zeolite powder, table salt, premix;

[0060] In some embodiments, the premix provides per kilogram of the feed: VA 7000 IU, VB1 2 mg, VB2 6 mg, VB6 3 mg, VB12 0.03 mg, VD3 1800 IU, VE 160 IU, biotin 0.75 mg, folic acid 6.8 mg, D-pantothenic acid 16 mg, niacin 70 mg, Cu 12.5 mg, Fe 108.0 mg, Zn 100 mg, Mn 64 mg, I 0.40 mg, Se 0.40 mg, Cr 0.25 mg.

[0061] In some embodiments, the formula is adjusted according to the growth stage of the pig herd: For the weaned piglet stage: corn 20%, barley 18%, soybean meal 18.59%, sumac powder 8%, brown rice 5.79%, wheat flour 3%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.39%, extruded flaxseed 2.1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 1.99%, and the above percentages are all weight percentages; for the fattening pig stage: corn 20.3%, barley 19%, soybean meal 16.99%, sumac powder 7%, brown rice 7.33%, wheat flour 3.00%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.39%, extruded flaxseed 2.10%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.25%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2%, and the above percentages are all weight percentages; for the pregnant sow stage: corn 20.3%, barley 19%, soybean meal 16.99%, sumac powder 7%, brown rice 7.33%, wheat flour 3.00%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.39%, extruded flaxseed 2.10%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.25%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2%, and the above percentages are all weight percentages.

[0062] In some embodiments, in the low-temperature steam explosion process, the water content of the sumac branches and leaves is controlled at ≤15%, and the fiber degradation rate after steam explosion is ≥50%.

[0063] Figure 7 The flowchart of the sumac feed processing technology according to some embodiments is shown. Refer to Figure 7 , the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the above low-protein pig feed, including the following steps:

[0064] (1) Pretreatment of Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves: Cut the Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves into sections of 2 - 5 cm, and process them with a low-temperature steam explosion device. The parameters are temperature 100°C ± 5°C and pressure 0.8 MPa ± 0.1 MPa. After treatment, dry them to a moisture content ≤ 10%, and then crush and sieve through a 60-mesh sieve;

[0065] (2) Raw material mixing: Weigh corn and rice bran according to the stage formula and conduct high-temperature instantaneous enzyme inactivation treatment at 120°C - 150°C, and perform an extrusion process on soybean meal.

[0066] The process flow of the extrusion process is as follows:

[0067] 1. Pretreatment

[0068] Crushing: Crush the soybean meal and sieve through a 60-mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size, which is beneficial for subsequent extrusion.

[0069] Screening: Remove impurities and oversized particles to ensure the purity of the raw materials.

[0070] 2. Conditioning

[0071] Moisture adjustment: Adjust the moisture content to 15% - 25% by adding steam or water (higher moisture is required for wet extrusion).

[0072] Temperature control: Preheat to 100 ± 10°C to promote starch gelatinization.

[0073] 3. Extrusion

[0074] Equipment: Single-screw extrusion expander.

[0075] Parameters:

[0076] Temperature: 140 ± 20°C (for high-temperature sterilization and destruction of anti-nutritional factors).

[0077] Pressure: 3 - 10 MPa. Suddenly release the pressure to expand the material.

[0078] Screw speed: 200 - 500 rpm (affecting shear force and degree of expansion).

[0079] 4. Drying and cooling

[0080] Drying: Use a fluidized bed dryer to reduce the moisture content to 10% - 12%.

[0081] Cooling: Cool down to room temperature with a countercurrent cooler to prevent caking.

[0082] Processing: Add barley, brown rice, extruded soybean, and extruded linseed to the above-treated corn, rice bran, and soybean meal according to the formula, crush them, and then put them into a mixer for stirring and mixing.

[0083] (3) Preliminarily premix wheat flour, beet pulp, brewer's yeast, calcium hydrogen phosphate, soybean oil, peach gum polysaccharide, sodium bicarbonate, zeolite powder, table salt, and premix according to the formula ratio, and then put them into a mixer to continuously stir and mix with the material mixed in step (2) to obtain a mixture. Use a double-shaft paddle mixer (rotation speed 30 - 40 r / min) to mix for 10 - 15 minutes;

[0084] (4) Conditioning and granulation: The mixed material is steam-conditioned to a moisture content of 16% - 18%, and fed into a ring die granulator (die hole diameter 3.0 mm), and the particle hardness is controlled ≥ 8 kg / cm 2 ;

[0085] (5) Cooling and packaging: The particles are cooled to room temperature (25°C ± 2°C) by a countercurrent cooler, and after screening to remove broken particles, they are sealed and packaged.

[0086] The following is described in conjunction with specific embodiments for better understanding of the present disclosure.

[0087] Example 1: Weaned piglet feed

[0088] Formula: Corn 20%, barley 18%, soybean meal 18.59%, sumac powder 8%, brown rice 5.79%, wheat flour 3%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.39%, extruded flaxseed 2.1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 1.99%. The above percentages are all weight percentages;

[0089] Preparation:

[0090] (1) Cut sumac branches and leaves into sections of 2 - 5 cm, and process them with a low-temperature steam explosion device with parameters of temperature 100°C and pressure 0.8 MPa. After treatment, dry to a moisture content ≤ 10%, and pulverize through a 60-mesh sieve;

[0091] (2) Raw material mixing: Weigh corn and rice bran according to the stage formula and perform high-temperature instantaneous enzyme inactivation treatment at 135°C, and process soybean meal through an extrusion process. Add barley, brown rice, extruded soybean, and extruded flaxseed to the above-treated corn, rice bran, and soybean meal according to the formula, pulverize, and then put them into a mixer for stirring and mixing evenly.

[0092] (3) Preliminarily premix wheat flour, beet pulp, brewer's yeast, calcium hydrogen phosphate, soybean oil, peach gum polysaccharide, sodium bicarbonate, zeolite powder, table salt, and premix according to the formula ratio, and then put them into a mixer to continuously stir and mix with the material mixed in step (2) to obtain a mixture. Use a double-shaft paddle mixer (rotation speed 35 r / min) to mix for 13 minutes;

[0093] (3) Conditioning and granulation: The mixed material is conditioned with steam to a moisture content of 17%, and then fed into a ring die granulator (die hole diameter 3.0 mm), controlling the particle hardness ≥ 8 kg / cm 2 ;

[0094] (4) Cooling and packaging: The particles are cooled to room temperature (25°C) by a countercurrent cooler, and after screening to remove broken particles, they are sealed and packaged.

[0095] Example 2: Finishing pig feed

[0096] Formula: Corn 20.3%, barley 19%, soybean meal 16.99%, sumac powder 7%, brown rice 7.33%, wheat flour 3.00%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.39%, extruded flaxseed 2.10%, dicalcium phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.25%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2%, and the above percentages are all by weight;

[0097] Preparation: The same as in Example 1.

[0098] Example 3: Gestating sow feed

[0099] Formula: Corn 20.3%, barley 19%, soybean meal 16.99%, sumac powder 7%, brown rice 7.33%, wheat flour 3.00%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, extruded soybean 2.39%, extruded flaxseed 2.10%, dicalcium phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.25%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2%, and the above percentages are all by weight;

[0100] Preparation: The same as in Example 1.

[0101] 1. Effects of sumac feed on gestating sows

[0102] Table 4 shows the contents of effective active ingredients in sumac branches and leaves.

[0103] Table 4

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Forty 1- to 2-parity Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire sows in good body condition and one week before parturition were randomly divided into two groups, with two replicates in each group and 10 pigs in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet (see Table 5), and the experimental group was fed the sumac gestation sow feed of Example 3. The experimental period was from two weeks before parturition to four weeks after parturition, for a total of 42 days. The experimental results showed that compared with the common gestation sow feed sold on the market, feeding the sumac gestation sow feed significantly increased the IgA and IgG contents in the sow's milk (P<0.05)( Figure 1 ). It had no significant effect on the number of piglets born and the number of live piglets (P>0.05), but significantly increased the number of healthy piglets (P<0.05)( Figure 2 ). Table 5 shows the composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet, and Table 6 shows the effects of the sumac feed on gestation sows.

[0107] Table 5

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] 1) The premix provided per kilogram of diet: VA 7000 IU, VB1 2 mg, VB2 6 mg, VB6 3 mg, VB 12 0.03 mg, VD3 1800 IU, VE 160 IU, biotin 0.75 mg, folic acid 6.8 mg, D-pantothenic acid 16 mg, niacin 70 mg, Cu 12.5 mg, Fe 108.0 mg, Zn 100 mg, Mn 64 mg, I 0.40 mg, Se 0.40 mg, Cr 0.25 mg.

[0111] 2) The crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus were measured values, and the other nutrient levels were calculated values.

[0112] Table 6

[0113]

[0114] Note: * indicates a significant difference at P<0.05.

[0115] Effects of sumac feed on fattening pigs

[0116] Forty-eight healthy "Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire" fattening pigs with an initial body weight of about 30 kg were randomly divided into two groups, with three replicates in each group and 8 fattening pigs in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental group was fed the sumac fattening pig feed of Example 2. The experimental results showed that compared with the fattening pig feed sold on the market, the sumac fattening pig feed extremely significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of fattening pigs (P<0.01)( Figure 3) and the sumac fattening pig feed significantly increased the activity of catalase (CAT) in the serum of fattening pigs (P<0.05), and extremely significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum of fattening pigs (P<0.01)( Figure 4 ). In summary, feeding the sumac fattening pig feed can significantly improve the growth performance and disease resistance of fattening pigs. Table 7 shows the effects of sumac feed on fattening pigs.

[0117] Table 7

[0118]

[0119] Note: * indicates significant difference at P<0.05, ** indicates extremely significant difference at P<0.01.

[0120] Effects of sumac feed on weaned piglets

[0121] 120 three-way crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) piglets at 30 days of age with healthy and uniform physique were selected. Using a single-factor randomized design, they were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 20 piglets in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental group was fed the sumac piglet feed of Example 1. The experiment lasted for 30 days. The experimental results showed that compared with the common weaned piglet feed sold on the market, feeding the sumac weaned piglet feed could extremely significantly increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of weaned piglets (P<0.01), and significantly increase the IgM content in the serum of weaned piglets (P<0.05)( Figure 5 ), and extremely significantly increased the IgA and IgG contents in the serum of weaned piglets (P<0.01)( Figure 6 ). In summary, feeding the sumac weaned piglet feed can significantly improve the growth performance and immune performance of weaned piglets. Table 8 shows the effects of sumac feed on weaned piglets.

[0122] Table 8

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Note: * indicates significant difference at P<0.05, ** indicates extremely significant difference at P<0.01.

[0126] Therefore, through the stage-based differential addition of sumac, the present disclosure significantly improves the production performance and health indicators of pigs at each growth stage, and the process parameters are controllable, which is suitable for industrial production.

[0127] The present disclosure pre-treats the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis by low-temperature steam explosion and crushes them into powder. By replacing part of the soybean meal, the protein content of the feed is reduced. The feed formula includes corn, wheat bran, rice bran, Rhus chinensis, soybean meal, compound vitamins, minerals, etc. The preparation method includes steps such as low-temperature steam explosion treatment, crushing, raw material mixing, and granulation of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis. The feed of the present disclosure reduces the dosage of soybean meal and saves costs by optimizing the formula and pre-treatment process. At the same time, the digestibility of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis is improved through fiber modification. Combined with precise nutrition regulation, the growth performance of the pig group is improved, the feed cost is reduced by 10% - 15%, and the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets is reduced. At the same time, the medicinal and edible homologous active ingredients of Rhus chinensis are used to improve the intestinal health of pigs and enhance immunity, which is suitable for large-scale breeding.

[0128] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments, and various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A pig feed based on the powder of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill., characterized in that, It comprises components in the following weight percentages: Corn 19% - 21%, soybean meal 18% - 20%, brown rice 5% - 9%, rice bran 6.48%, soybean meal 5% - 15%, powder of Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves 5% - 8%, wheat flour 3%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, expanded soybean 2% - 3%, expanded flaxseed 2% - 3%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.2 - 1.5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2 - 3%; wherein, the powder of Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves is pulverized after being subjected to steam explosion pretreatment at a temperature of 95°C - 105°C.

2. The pig feed based on the powder of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. according to claim 1, wherein The premix provides per kilogram of the diet: VA 7000 IU, VB1 2 mg, VB2 6 mg, VB6 3 mg, VB 12 0.03 mg, VD3 1800 IU, VE 160 IU, biotin 0.75 mg, folic acid 6.8 mg, D-pantothenic acid 16 mg, niacin 70 mg, Cu 12.5 mg, Fe 108.0 mg, Zn 100 mg, Mn 64 mg, I 0.40 mg, Se 0.40 mg, Cr 0.25 mg.

3. The pig feed based on the powder of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. according to claim 1, characterized in that, Adjust the formula according to the growth stage of the pig group: Weaned piglet stage: Corn 20%, barley 18%, soybean meal 18.59%, powder of Rhus chinensis Mill. 8%, brown rice 5.79%, wheat flour 3%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, expanded soybean 2.39%, expanded flaxseed 2.1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 1.99%, and the above percentages are all weight percentages; Finishing pig stage: Corn 20.3%, barley 19%, soybean meal 16.99%, powder of Rhus chinensis Mill. 7%, brown rice 7.33%, wheat flour 3.00%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, expanded soybean 2.39%, expanded flaxseed 2.10%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.25%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2%, and the above percentages are all weight percentages; Pregnant sow stage: Corn 19.95%, barley 20.3%, soybean meal 15.12%, powder of Rhus chinensis Mill. 5%, brown rice 9%, wheat flour 3.00%, rice bran 6.48%, beet pulp 5.15%, brewer's yeast 3.6%, expanded soybean 2.99%, expanded flaxseed 2.00%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, soybean oil 0.5%, peach gum polysaccharide 1.5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, zeolite powder 0.67%, table salt 0.54%, premix 2.5%, premix 2.5%, and the above percentages are all weight percentages.

4. The pig feed based on the powder of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the steam explosion pretreatment, the moisture content of the Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves is controlled at ≤15%, and the fiber degradation rate after steam explosion is ≥50%.

5. The pig feed based on the powder of the branches and leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. according to claim 1, characterized in that The powder of Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves is pulverized to 60 meshes after steam explosion pretreatment.

6. A preparation method of a pig feed based on sumac branch and leaf powder as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves: Cut the Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves into sections of 2 - 5 cm, and process them with a steam explosion device, with parameters of temperature 100°C ± 5°C and pressure 0.8 MPa ± 0.1 MPa. After treatment, dry them to a moisture content of ≤10% and pulverize them; (2) Raw material mixing: Weigh corn, rice bran, and wheat bran according to the formula, subject them to instantaneous enzyme inactivation treatment at 120°C - 150°C, and process the soybean meal through an extrusion process. Then mix them with the powder of Rhus chinensis Mill. branches and leaves, and add compound vitamins, minerals, compound amino acids, and table salt, and mix evenly; (3) Tempering and granulation: The mixed material is tempered with steam to a moisture content of 16% - 18%, and then granulated, controlling the particle hardness ≥ 8 kg / cm 2 ; (4) Cooling and packaging: Cool the granules to room temperature, screen out the broken granules, and then seal and package them.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (1), crush to 60 mesh.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the uniform mixing of step (2), use a double-shaft paddle mixer to mix for 10 - 15 minutes at a rotational speed of 30 - 40 r / min.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein Pelletize in a ring die pelletizer with a die hole diameter of 3.0 mm.

10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Cool the granules to room temperature through a countercurrent cooler.

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