Ionic type rare earth ore body pressurization, permeation and shearing combined test device

Abstract

The invention discloses an ionic type rare earth ore body pressurization, permeation and shearing combined test device. The device comprises a shear box, a load system, a dynamic permeation structure, a graded filtration structure, a data assembly and a processing terminal, the load system is used for applying a horizontal load and a vertical load to the shear box; the dynamic permeation structure is used for containing a leaching solution and enabling the leaching solution to flow into the shear box; the graded filtration structure is used for collecting a leaching solution reacted with the rare earth ore body sample and acquiring graded filtration analysis data; the data assembly is used for summarizing monitoring data in the penetration and shearing processes; the processing terminal is used for controlling; the shear box comprises an upper box, a lower box, an upper seepage pressing plate, a lower seepage pressing plate, an upper filter screen plate, a lower filter screen plate, a cover plate, a microporous metal plate and filter paper. According to the invention, the integration of fine simulation and penetration and shear test of the in-situ ore leaching injection-production process is realized, and a test basis can be provided for in-situ ore leaching injection-production parameter design, rare earth ore body stability analysis and disaster risk assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests, and particularly relates to a combined test device for pressurized infiltration and shear of ionic rare earth ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] Rare earths are widely used in industrial fields such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and electronic information due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In-situ leaching is the mainstream method for mining ionic rare earth ores. Since it does not require mining the mine, it has the characteristics of little damage to the surrounding environment and vegetation and low production cost. In the in-situ leaching method, the leaching solution is injected into the rare earth ore body through a shallow well. The leaching solution exchanges ions with the rare earth ions adsorbed on clay minerals. The exchanged rare earth ions flow out of the ore body with the leaching solution, and rare earth products can be obtained through precipitation enrichment and separation and purification. However, during or after the actual in-situ leaching, surface collapses and landslides often occur in ionic rare earth ore bodies, seriously affecting the normal mining activities in the rare earth mining area. The main reason is that during ion exchange, fine soil particles are carried away by the pressure infiltration of the leaching solution. The combined action of the two leads to a weakening of the bonding between ore body particles and an increase in the internal pores and pore channels, changing the various hydraulic properties of the ore body (including infiltration behavior, deformation law, gradation characteristics of lost fine particles, and shear strength characteristics), resulting in a decrease in the stability of the rare earth ore body. In particular, the high-frequency rainfall climate in the southern region will further exacerbate such disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to study the change law of the hydraulic properties of rare earth ore bodies under the action of pressure injection and extraction of the leaching solution, which can provide a basis for the stability analysis of rare earth mines, disaster risk assessment, and optimization of injection and extraction parameters. Currently, the commonly used infiltration shear test devices cannot meet the requirements of the above tests. In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventors found the following specific problems in the prior art: ① The existing infiltration shear devices mainly use water as the infiltration liquid and do not have acid corrosion resistance; in-situ leaching often uses weak acidic leaching solutions such as pressurized ammonium sulfate for leaching, so the test device requires materials with acid corrosion resistance and excellent sealing performance to prevent the leakage of the leaching solution; ② In the traditional pressurized infiltration device, there is only one cavity for storing the solution, and an air compressor is used to compress air to squeeze the solution in the cavity. Under pressure, air will dissolve in the solution, which will change the concentration of the leaching solution; ③ During the in-situ leaching process, there are two synergistic processes of ion exchange and particle loss, which require synchronous quantitative testing. The existing test devices do not have this testing function.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new combined test device for pressurized infiltration and shear of ionic rare earth ore bodies and a combined test method for pressurized infiltration and shear of ionic rare earth ore bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a combined test device for pressurized infiltration and shearing of ionic rare earth ore bodies, so as to solve the problem in the background technology that the currently commonly used infiltration and shearing test devices still cannot meet the requirement of studying the variation law of the hydraulic properties of rare earth ore bodies under the action of pressure injection and extraction of leaching solution.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a combined test device for pressurized infiltration and shearing of ionic rare earth ore bodies, which includes a shear box, a load system, a dynamic infiltration structure, a grading filtration structure, a data assembly and a processing terminal;

[0006] The load system is used to apply horizontal and vertical loads to the shear box; the dynamic infiltration structure is used to hold the leaching solution and make the leaching solution flow into the inner cavity of the shear box; the grading filtration structure is used to collect the leaching solution after reacting with the rare earth ore body sample and obtain the data for grading filtration analysis; the data assembly is used to summarize the monitoring data during the infiltration and shearing processes; the combined test device is controlled through the processing terminal;

[0007] The shear box includes an upper box, a lower box, an upper infiltration pressure plate, a lower infiltration pressure plate, an upper filter screen plate, a lower filter screen plate, a cover plate, a microporous metal plate and filter paper; the inner cavity is used to hold the rare earth ore body sample;

[0008] An upper infiltration pressure plate corresponding to the upper box and a lower infiltration pressure plate corresponding to the lower box are provided at the left side wall inside the shear box, and an upper filter screen plate corresponding to the upper box and a lower filter screen plate corresponding to the lower box are provided at the right side wall inside the shear box; leaching solution inlet holes are provided at the upper and lower parts of the left side wall of the shear box, and leaching solution outlet holes are provided at the upper and lower parts of the right side wall of the shear box;

[0009] Above the rare earth ore body sample in the shear box, a cover plate, a microporous metal plate and filter paper are successively provided from top to bottom; a vertical load is applied to the upper part of the cover plate by the load system; horizontal loads are applied to the left side of the lower box and the right side of the upper box by the load system.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the load system includes a load table, a servo motor, a first horizontal shaft, a second horizontal shaft, a telescopic control knob, a lateral support, a horizontal S-type pressure sensor, a horizontal pointer displacement gauge, a bearing frame, a vertical force shaft, a servo actuator, a vertical S-type pressure sensor, a vertical pointer displacement gauge;

[0011] Two inverted U-shaped rails parallel to the shearing direction are provided at the bottom of the lower box, and a plurality of rolling bearings corresponding to the inverted U-shaped rails are provided on the load table, and the inverted U-shaped rails are arranged on the rolling bearings.

[0012] The servo motor and the lateral support are both fixedly arranged on the load tabletop. The servo motor applies a load to the left side of the lower box through the first horizontal shaft, and a horizontal pointer displacement gauge is fixedly arranged on the first horizontal shaft through a gripper, and its pointer abuts against the servo motor; the right side of the upper box is connected to one end of the second horizontal shaft, the other end of the second horizontal shaft is connected to one end of a horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor, and the other end of the horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor is connected to the lateral support through a threaded rod passing through the telescopic control knob;

[0013] The bearing frame includes four vertical rod members, a top cross member and a bottom cross member. The upper ends of the four vertical rod members are respectively fixedly connected to the four ends of the top cross member, and the lower ends of the four vertical rod members are respectively fixedly connected to the four ends of the bottom cross member; the top cross member is located above the load tabletop, and the bottom cross member is located below the load tabletop; the servo actuator is fixedly arranged on the bottom cross member, and the servo actuator applies a load upward to the load tabletop; the upper end of the vertical force shaft is connected to the middle of the top cross member, the lower end of the vertical force shaft contacts the cover plate, and a vertical S-shaped pressure sensor is arranged in the middle of the vertical force shaft; the vertical pointer displacement gauge is fixedly arranged on the load tabletop through a gripper, and its pointer abuts against the cover plate.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the dynamic penetration structure includes a pressure servo instrument, a dynamic penetration structure main body, and a dynamic penetration structure support frame; the inside of the dynamic penetration structure main body is a cavity, and a piston that slides up and down inside the dynamic penetration structure main body divides its internal cavity into an upper water pressure chamber and a lower liquid supply chamber. The water pressure chamber is filled with pure water, the liquid supply chamber is filled with leaching liquid, and piston rings and grease for sealing are arranged on the side surface of the piston; the top of the water pressure chamber is connected to the pressure servo instrument through a pipeline.

[0015] The water pressure chamber is also connected to the first adaptive deformation cavity ring, the second adaptive deformation cavity ring, and the leaching liquid inlet hole of the shear box through pipelines. The first adaptive deformation cavity ring is arranged around the upper box and the microporous metal plate, and the first adaptive deformation cavity ring is used to cooperate with the cover plate and the microporous metal plate to form a seal for the upper part of the shear box; the second adaptive deformation cavity ring is arranged around the upper box and the lower box, and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring forms a seal for the middle part of the shear box;

[0016] The bottom of the liquid supply chamber is connected to the leaching liquid inlet hole of the shear box through a pipeline.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, a first valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the water pressure chamber to the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring; a second valve is arranged on the pipeline between the water pressure chamber and the leaching liquid inlet hole of the shear box; a third valve is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid supply chamber and the leaching liquid inlet hole of the shear box.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the cross-section of the shear box is rectangular, the upper box and the lower box have the same height, and a first groove and a second groove are provided in the loop-shaped contact surface between the upper box and the lower box. The two first grooves are arranged parallel to the shearing direction, and a roller plate for reducing the friction between the upper box and the lower box is arranged in the first groove. The second groove is rectangular, and a second adaptive deformation cavity sac ring is arranged in the second groove in a matching manner.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the shear box further includes a long bolt. Vertical limiting holes are provided on both the left and right sides of the contact surface between the upper box and the lower box, and the limiting holes on the upper box and the lower box are matched and corresponding. The shear box fixes the upper box and the lower box by inserting the long bolt into the limiting holes of the upper box and the lower box. The long bolt is installed before the pressure infiltration test and removed after the pressure infiltration ends and before shearing starts.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the upper infiltration pressing plate, the lower infiltration pressing plate, the upper filter plate, and the lower filter plate are all honeycomb-shaped porous cuboid structures with serrated card slots on the side walls. Serrated structures matching the serrated card slots are provided on both the left side wall and the right side wall in the shear box; the pore diameters of the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate are smaller than those of the upper infiltration pressing plate and the lower infiltration pressing plate; the sum of the heights of the upper infiltration pressing plate and the lower infiltration pressing plate is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample, and the contact surface between the upper infiltration pressing plate and the lower infiltration pressing plate is flat and smooth and is at the same height as the joint between the upper box and the lower box; the sum of the heights of the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample, and the contact surface between the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate is flat and smooth and is at the same height as the joint between the upper box and the lower box.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the classification and filtration structure includes a classification and filtration support, a particle separation channel, a particle precipitation tank, and a liquid collection chamber; the particle separation channel is erected on the classification and filtration support, liquid inlets and outlets are respectively arranged at the upper parts of both ends of the particle separation channel, the liquid inlet of the particle separation channel is connected to the extraction liquid outflow hole of the shear box through a pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel is connected to the liquid collection chamber through a pipeline;

[0022] A multi-stage separation membrane is fixedly arranged in the particle separation channel. The multi-stage separation membrane includes a plurality of separation membranes uniformly spaced along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel, and the pore diameters of the separation membranes gradually decrease along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet; funnel-shaped converging slots are arranged below the spaces of the particle separation channel separated by the separation membranes, and a particle precipitation tank is correspondingly arranged below each converging slot.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, the extraction liquid is an acidic solution;

[0024] A first flowmeter is provided on the pipeline before the leaching liquid inlet hole where the leaching liquid flows into the shear box;

[0025] A second flowmeter is provided on the pipeline before the particle separation channel;

[0026] A first water pressure sensor is provided between the upper infiltration pressing plate and the lower infiltration pressing plate;

[0027] A pH meter and a second water pressure sensor are provided between the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate;

[0028] The wires of the first water pressure sensor, the pH meter and the second water pressure sensor pass through a preset hole provided on the side wall of the shear box, and a waterproof joint is provided at the preset hole;

[0029] The first flowmeter, the second flowmeter, the first water pressure sensor, the pH meter and the second water pressure sensor are all connected to the data assembly through wires.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for the combined test of pressurized infiltration and shear of ionic rare earth ore bodies, which adopts the combined test device for pressurized infiltration and shear of ionic rare earth ore bodies as described above, and includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Install the shear box in the loading system;

[0032] S2. Load the rare earth ore body sample into the shear box and adjust the shear box;

[0033] S3. Through the processing terminal, control the loading system and the dynamic infiltration structure to complete the preparation before the pressurized infiltration test;

[0034] S4. Conduct the pressurized infiltration test, and collect the pressurized infiltration test data through the fractional filtration structure and the data assembly;

[0035] S5. Conduct the shear test and collect the shear test data.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] In the dynamic penetration structure of an ion-type rare earth ore body pressure penetration and shear combined test device of the present invention, the water pressure chamber and the liquid supply chamber are separated and designed to store pure water and leaching solution respectively. A set penetration pressure is applied to the water pressure chamber through a pressure servo instrument to push the piston to move, transfer the penetration pressure to the liquid supply chamber, and then inject the leaching solution pressure into the rare earth ore body sample. By controlling the combination relationship of the opening and closing of multiple valves on the dynamic penetration structure, the simulation of the process of first injecting and penetrating the leaching solution pressure and then cleaning and penetrating with pure water into the rare earth ore body sample can be realized, and the simulation of the traditional pure water pressure penetration process can also be carried out. At the same time, the pressure servo instrument can realize the functions of constant pressure and cyclic dynamic pressure loading. Therefore, the separated design of the water pressure chamber and the liquid supply chamber in the dynamic penetration structure of the present invention solves the problem that air dissolves in the solvent in the traditional single-pressure penetration cavity, resulting in a change in the solvent concentration. Through the configured combination method of opening and closing multiple valves, the refined simulation of various in-situ leaching mining injection and extraction processes and procedures is realized, and at the same time, it also covers the pressure penetration function of the traditional pressure penetration test device with water as the solvent.

[0038] The fractional filtration structure has the function of efficiently separating mineral particles of different particle sizes from the leaching solution (also called leaching liquor) flowing out of the rare earth ore body sample, and at the same time obtaining the filtered leaching solution containing rare earth ions. Among them, the multi-stage separation membrane is a polymer material thin film with gradually decreasing pore sizes. Through its fractional filtration effect, the outflowing particles of different particle sizes converge and deposit through the converging notch and enter their respective corresponding multi-stage particle sedimentation tanks. By weighing the particle mass in each multi-stage particle sedimentation tank, the particle size distribution characteristics of the particles lost in the rare earth ore body sample under the action of pressure penetration can be obtained; the filtered leaching solution enters the liquid collection chamber, and by testing the pH value of the leaching solution with a pH meter, the ion exchange efficiency in the rare earth ore body sample during the pressure penetration process can be quantitatively obtained, and thus it can provide experimental data support for the optimization of injection and extraction process parameters and the evaluation of the injection and extraction erosion of the rare earth ore body.

[0039] The shear box is designed with integrated penetration and shear functions. The shear box is both a container for the pressure penetration test of the rare earth ore body sample and a container for the shear test, which can avoid the disturbance caused by the transfer of the rare earth ore body sample between different tests and ensure the accuracy of the test results. Considering that the leaching solution is an acidic solution, the test device is made of acid-resistant corrosion materials. By pressing pure water into and releasing it from the first self-adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second self-adaptive deformation cavity ring, the pressure seal of the inner cavity of the shear box during the pressure penetration process (to avoid the risk of leaching solution leakage) and the frictionless contact between the upper box and the lower box during the shear process (to eliminate the misalignment friction resistance between the upper box and the lower box) are respectively realized, ensuring the safety of the test operation and the reliability of the test results. In addition, by real-time monitoring data through a flow meter and a water pressure sensor, the evolution law of the dynamic average penetration coefficient and the cumulative volume of the leaching solution (used to characterize the pore volume inside the sample) with the penetration time can be calculated.

[0040] Therefore, the test device of the present invention can achieve fine simulation of the in-situ leaching injection and production process and integration of penetration and shear tests. The fine simulation of the in-situ leaching injection and production process includes fine simulation of the injection and production pressure form and the composition and concentration of the leaching solution. Through the test device of the present invention, the ion exchange efficiency, penetration characteristics, deformation law, erosion (particle loss) characteristics, shear strength performance of the rare earth ore body under the injection and production action of different pressurized leaching solutions, and the quantitative relationship between these indexes can be obtained, which can provide an experimental basis for the design of in-situ leaching injection and production parameters, the stability analysis of rare earth ore bodies, and the disaster risk assessment. The test device of the present invention has the characteristics of convenient operation method, comprehensive test function, and reliable test results.

[0041] In addition to the purposes, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The following further details the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0042] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a sectional view of the dynamic penetration structure of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is an assembly drawing of the shear box and the load system of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a top view of the shear box of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 It is a sectional view at the right side wall of the shear box of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 It is a sectional view of the shear box of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the grading filtration structure of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper infiltration pressing plate and the lower infiltration pressing plate of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate of the test device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Among them, 1. Shearing box, 2. Loading system, 3. Dynamic penetration structure, 4. Graded filtration structure, 5. Data assembly, 6. Processing terminal, 7. Inner cavity, 8. Left side wall, 9. Right side wall, 10. Upper box, 11. Lower box, 12. Cover plate, 13. First adaptive deformation cavity ring, 14. Microporous metal plate, 142. Serrated card slot, 15. Rare earth ore body sample, 16. Upper infiltration pressure plate, 17. Lower infiltration pressure plate, 18. Upper filter plate, 19. Lower filter plate, 20. First groove, 21. Second groove, 22. Roller plate, 23. Second adaptive deformation cavity ring, 24. Inverted U-shaped rail, 25. Rolling bearing, 26. Servo motor, 27. First horizontal axis, 28. Second horizontal axis, 29. Telescopic control knob, 30. Lateral support, 31. Horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor, 32. Horizontal pointer displacement gauge, 33. Bearing frame, 34. Vertical force axis, 35. Servo actuator, 36. Vertical S-shaped pressure sensor, 37. Vertical pointer displacement gauge, 38. Pressure servo instrument, 39. Water pressure chamber, 40. First valve, 41. Second valve, 42. Piston, 43. Piston ring, 44. Grease, 45. Liquid supply chamber, 46. Leaching solution, 47. First water pressure sensor, 48. First flowmeter, 49. Third valve, 50. Particle separation channel, 501. Converging notch, 51. Multi-stage separation membrane, 52. Particle precipitation tank, 53. Liquid collection chamber, 54. pH meter, 55. Second water pressure sensor, 56. Second flowmeter, 57. Fourth valve, 58. Pure water, 59. Long rod bolt, 60. Pipeline. Specific implementation mode

[0053] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0054] An ion-type rare earth ore body pressurized penetration and shearing combined test device of the present invention includes a shearing box 1, a loading system 2, a dynamic penetration structure 3, a graded filtration structure 4, a data assembly 5 and a processing terminal 6;

[0055] The loading system 2 is used to apply horizontal and vertical loads to the shearing box 1; the dynamic penetration structure 3 is used to hold the leaching solution 46 and make the leaching solution 46 flow into the inner cavity 7 of the shearing box 1; the graded filtration structure 4 is used to collect the leaching solution 46 after reacting with the rare earth ore body sample 15 and obtain data for graded filtration analysis; the data assembly 5 is used to summarize the monitoring data during the penetration and shearing processes; the combined test device is controlled by the processing terminal 6;

[0056] The shear box 1 includes an upper box 10, a lower box 11, an upper infiltration pressure plate 16, a lower infiltration pressure plate 17, an upper filter screen plate 18, a lower filter screen plate 19, a cover plate 12, a microporous metal plate 14, and filter paper; the inner cavity 7 is used to hold the rare earth ore body sample 15;

[0057] At the left side wall 8 inside the shear box 1, there are arranged an upper infiltration pressure plate 16 corresponding to the upper box 10 and a lower infiltration pressure plate 17 corresponding to the lower box 11. At the right side wall 9 inside the shear box 1, there are arranged an upper filter screen plate 18 corresponding to the upper box 10 and a lower filter screen plate 19 corresponding to the lower box 11; at the upper and lower parts of the left side wall 8 of the shear box 1, there are both leaching solution inflow holes, and at the upper and lower parts of the right side wall 9 of the shear box 1, there are both leaching solution outflow holes; preferably, the materials used for preparing the upper infiltration pressure plate 16, the lower infiltration pressure plate 17, the upper filter screen plate 18, and the lower filter screen plate 19 are porous ceramic materials. The pore diameters of the upper infiltration pressure plate 16 and the lower infiltration pressure plate 17 are not greater than 2 mm, and the pore diameters of the upper filter screen plate 18 and the lower filter screen plate 19 are not greater than 0.1 mm, which are specifically determined according to the grading situation of the rare earth ore body sample tested. The porous ceramic material is a kind of porous ceramic material with open pore diameters and high open porosity, which is prepared with high-quality raw materials such as corundum sand, silicon carbide, and cordierite as the main materials through a forming and special high-temperature sintering process, and has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, acid and alkali and organic medium corrosion resistance, good biological inertness, controllable pore structure, high open porosity, long service life, and good product regeneration performance. The upper infiltration pressure plate 16 and the lower infiltration pressure plate 17 play the function of uniformly dispersing the osmotic pressure, so that the rare earth ore body sample 15 is subjected to the uniformly distributed osmotic pressure of the leaching solution 46 on its left side surface, and the soil body on the left side surface will not be washed away. The upper filter screen plate 18 and the lower filter screen plate 19 play the function of preventing the loss of large particles of the rare earth ore body sample 15, and their pore diameters are smaller than the pore diameters of the infiltration pressure plates.

[0058] Above the rare earth ore body sample 15 inside the shear box 1, there are successively arranged from top to bottom a cover plate 12, a microporous metal plate 14, and filter paper; the cover plate 12 is subjected to the vertical load applied by the load system 2; the left side of the lower box 11 and the right side of the upper box 10 are subjected to the horizontal load applied by the load system 2. The microporous metal plate 14 is prepared by using sintered metal porous materials.

[0059] The shear box is designed with integrated infiltration and shear functions. The shear box is both a container for the pressurized infiltration test of the rare earth ore body sample and a container for the shear test, which can avoid the disturbance caused by the transfer of the rare earth ore body sample between different tests and ensure the accuracy of the test results.

[0060] The load system 2 includes a load table, a servo motor 26, a first horizontal shaft 27, a second horizontal shaft 28, a telescopic control knob 29, a lateral support 30, a horizontal S-type pressure sensor 31, a horizontal pointer displacement gauge 32, a bearing frame 33, a vertical force shaft 34, a servo actuator 35, a vertical S-type pressure sensor 36, and a vertical pointer displacement gauge 37;

[0061] Two inverted U-shaped rails 24 parallel to the shearing direction are provided at the bottom of the lower box 11. A plurality of rolling bearings 25 are provided on the load table corresponding to the inverted U-shaped rails 24, and the inverted U-shaped rails 24 are arranged on the rolling bearings 25.

[0062] The servo motor 26 and the lateral support 30 are both fixedly arranged on the load table. The servo motor 26 applies a load to the left side of the lower box 11 through the first horizontal shaft 27, and a horizontal pointer type displacement gauge 32 is fixedly arranged on the first horizontal shaft 27 through a clamp, and its pointer abuts against the servo motor 26; the right side of the upper box 10 is connected to one end of the second horizontal shaft 28, and the other end of the second horizontal shaft 28 is connected to one end of a horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor 31. The other end of the horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor 31 is connected to the lateral support 30 through a threaded rod passing through the telescopic control knob 29; the telescopic control knob 29 is used to adjust so that there can be a certain pressure contact between the second horizontal shaft 28 and the right side wall of the upper box 11 before shearing starts to avoid gaps.

[0063] The bearing frame 33 includes four vertical rod members, a top cross-shaped rod member and a bottom cross-shaped rod member. The upper ends of the four vertical rod members are respectively fixedly connected to the four ends of the top cross-shaped rod member, and the lower ends of the four vertical rod members are respectively fixedly connected to the four ends of the bottom cross-shaped rod member; the top cross-shaped rod member is located above the load table, and the bottom cross-shaped rod member is located below the load table; the servo actuator 35 is fixedly arranged on the bottom cross-shaped rod member, and the servo actuator 35 applies a load upward to the load table; the upper end of the vertical force shaft 34 is connected to the middle of the top cross-shaped rod member, the lower end of the vertical force shaft 34 is in contact with the cover plate 12, and a vertical S-shaped pressure sensor 36 is arranged in the middle of the vertical force shaft 34; the vertical pointer type displacement gauge 37 is fixedly arranged on the load table through a clamp, and its pointer abuts against the cover plate 12. The bearing frame 33 is made of high-strength stainless steel.

[0064] The dynamic penetration structure 3 includes a pressure servo instrument 38, a dynamic penetration structure main body, and a dynamic penetration structure support frame; the inside of the dynamic penetration structure main body is a cavity, and a piston 42 sliding up and down inside the dynamic penetration structure main body divides its internal cavity into an upper water pressure chamber 39 and a lower liquid supply chamber 45. The water pressure chamber 39 is filled with pure water 58, the liquid supply chamber 45 is filled with leaching liquid 46, and piston rings 43 and lubricating grease 44 for sealing are arranged on the side of the piston; the top of the water pressure chamber 39 is connected to the pressure servo instrument 38 through a pipeline 60.

[0065] The hydraulic pressure chamber 39 is also connected to the extraction liquid inflow holes of the first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13, the second self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 23, and the shear box 1 through pipelines 60 respectively. The first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 is arranged around between the upper box 10 and the microporous metal plate 14, and the first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 is used to cooperate with the cover plate 12 and the microporous metal plate 14 to form a seal for the upper part of the shear box 1; the second self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 is arranged around between the upper box 10 and the lower box 11, and the second self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 forms a seal for the middle part of the shear box 1;

[0066] The bottom of the liquid supply chamber 45 is connected to the extraction liquid inflow hole of the shear box 1 through a pipeline 60. By separating the design of the hydraulic pressure chamber and the liquid supply chamber to store pure water and extraction liquid respectively, the problem that air dissolves in the solvent in a single pressure permeation cavity in the prior art, resulting in the change of solvent concentration, is solved.

[0067] The first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 is arranged around the microporous metal plate 14, that is, the first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 is in contact with the upper box 10, the cover plate 12, the microporous metal plate 14, the upper osmotic pressure plate 16, and the upper filter plate 18 respectively.

[0068] A first valve 40 is arranged on the pipeline 60 connecting the hydraulic pressure chamber 39 with the first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 and the second self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 23; a second valve 41 is arranged on the pipeline 60 between the hydraulic pressure chamber 39 and the extraction liquid inflow hole of the shear box 1; a third valve 49 is arranged on the pipeline 60 between the liquid supply chamber 45 and the extraction liquid inflow hole of the shear box 1.

[0069] Pure water 58 is pressed into the first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 and the second self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 through the first valve 40, and the volume expands. The first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 is in pressure contact with the upper box 10, the cover plate 12, and the microporous metal plate 14 to form a pressure seal, and the second self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 forms a pressure seal at the joint of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11; the pressure seal of the inner cavity of the shear box during the pressurized permeation process is realized, and the risk of extraction liquid leakage is avoided.

[0070] Pure water 58 is released from the first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 and the second self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 through the first valve 40, and the volume shrinks. The first self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 shrinks and disengages from contacting the upper box 10, the cover plate 12, and the microporous metal plate 14, and the second self-adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 forms a pressure relief and disengagement at the joint of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11; the frictionless contact between the upper box and the lower box during the shearing process is realized, the frictional resistance of the upper box and the lower box moving relative to each other is eliminated, and the safety of the test operation and the reliability of the test results are ensured.

[0071] The cross-section of the shear box 1 is square, the upper box 10 and the lower box 11 have the same height, and a first groove 20 and a second groove 21 are provided in the loop-shaped contact surface between the upper box 10 and the lower box 11. The two first grooves 20 are arranged parallel to the shearing direction, and a roller plate 22 for reducing the friction between the upper box 10 and the lower box 11 is provided in the first groove 20. The second groove 21 is rectangularly arranged, and a second self-adaptive deformation cavity capsule ring 23 is arranged in the second groove 21 in a matching manner. The second groove 21 is closer to the inner side of the shear box 1 than the first groove 20.

[0072] The shear box 1 further includes a long rod bolt 59. Vertical limiting holes are provided on both the left and right sides of the contact surface between the upper box 10 and the lower box 11, and the limiting holes on the upper box 10 and the lower box 11 are matched correspondingly. The shear box 1 fixes the upper box 10 and the lower box 11 by inserting the long rod bolt 59 into the limiting holes of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11. The long rod bolt 59 is installed before the pressure infiltration test and removed after the pressure infiltration ends and before shearing starts.

[0073] The upper infiltration pressing plate 16, the lower infiltration pressing plate 17, the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 are all honeycomb-shaped porous cuboid structures with serrated card slots 142 provided on the side walls. Serrated structures matching the serrated card slots 142 are provided on both the left side wall 8 and the right side wall 9 in the shear box 1; the pore diameters of the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 are smaller than the pore diameters of the upper infiltration pressing plate 16 and the lower infiltration pressing plate 17; the sum of the heights of the upper infiltration pressing plate 16 and the lower infiltration pressing plate 17 is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample 15, and the contact surface between the upper infiltration pressing plate 16 and the lower infiltration pressing plate 17 is flat and smooth and is at the same height as the joint of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11; the sum of the heights of the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample 15, and the contact surface between the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 is flat and smooth and is at the same height as the joint of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11.

[0074] The grading and filtration structure 4 includes a grading and filtration support, a particle separation channel 50, a particle precipitation tank 52, and a liquid collection chamber 53; the particle separation channel 50 is erected on the grading and filtration support, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are respectively provided at the upper parts of both ends of the particle separation channel 50. The liquid inlet of the particle separation channel 50 is connected to the leaching liquid outflow hole of the shear box 1 through a pipeline 60, and the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel 50 is connected to the liquid collection chamber 53 through a pipeline 60;

[0075] A multi - stage separation membrane 51 is fixedly arranged in the particle separation channel 50. The multi - stage separation membrane 51 includes a plurality of separation membranes evenly spaced along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel 50, and the pore size of the separation membrane gradually decreases along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet; a funnel - shaped converging notch 501 is arranged below the space of the particle separation channel 50 separated by the separation membrane, and a particle precipitation tank 52 is correspondingly arranged below each converging notch 501.

[0076] Through the fractional filtration of the multi - stage separation membrane, outflow particles of different particle sizes converge and deposit through the converging notches and enter their respective corresponding multi - stage particle precipitation tanks. By weighing the particle mass in each multi - stage particle precipitation tank, the particle size distribution characteristics of the lost particles in the rare - earth ore body sample under the pressure osmosis effect can be obtained. By testing the acidity and alkalinity of the leaching solution with a pH meter, the ion - exchange efficiency in the rare - earth ore body sample during the pressure osmosis process can be quantitatively obtained, providing experimental data support for the optimization of injection - production process parameters and the evaluation of injection - production erosion of the rare - earth ore body.

[0077] The leaching solution 46 is an acidic solution, preferably a sulfuric - acid - type solution.

[0078] A first flowmeter 48 is arranged on the pipeline 60 before the liquid - inflow hole of the leaching solution flowing into the shear box 1.

[0079] A second flowmeter 56 is arranged on the pipeline 60 before the particle separation channel 50; a fourth valve 57 is also arranged between the second flowmeter 56 and the particle separation channel 50.

[0080] A first water - pressure sensor 47 is arranged between the upper osmotic pressure plate 16 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 17.

[0081] A pH meter 54 and a second water - pressure sensor 55 are arranged between the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19.

[0082] The wires of the first water - pressure sensor 47, the pH meter 54, and the second water - pressure sensor 55 pass through a preset hole arranged on the side wall of the shear box 1, and a waterproof joint is arranged at the preset hole.

[0083] The servo motor 26, the horizontal S - type pressure sensor 31, the horizontal pointer - type displacement meter 32, the servo actuator 35, the vertical S - type pressure sensor 36, the vertical pointer - type displacement meter 37, the pressure servo instrument 38, the first flowmeter 48, the second flowmeter 56, the first water - pressure sensor 47, the pH meter 54, and the second water - pressure sensor 55 are all connected to the data assembly 5 through wires. The data assembly 5 is connected to the processing terminal 6 through a data line, and real - time feedback of all sensor monitoring data during the osmosis and shear processes is provided.

[0084] In the dynamic penetration structure, the penetration pressure data measured by the first water pressure sensor is fed back to the pressure servo instrument, and then the penetration pressure value of the leaching solution output from the liquid supply chamber is controlled.

[0085] The pressure servo instrument applies a set penetration pressure to the water pressure chamber, pushes the piston to move, transmits the penetration pressure to the liquid supply chamber, and then injects the leaching solution pressure into the rare earth ore body sample. The combination of the pressure servo instrument and the first water pressure sensor can achieve various pressurization modes such as constant pressure, cyclic dynamic pressure, pulse pressure, and intermittent pressurization. At the same time, by controlling the combination relationship of the opening and closing of multiple valves configured on the dynamic penetration structure, the simulation of the process of injecting and extracting the leaching solution pressure first and then cleaning with pure water for the rare earth ore body sample can be realized, and the simulation of the traditional pure water pressure penetration process can also be carried out.

[0086] The upper box, lower box, upper infiltration pressing plate, lower infiltration pressing plate, upper filter plate, lower filter plate, and pipeline are all made of acid and alkali corrosion-resistant materials to avoid being corroded by the leaching solution with sulfuric acid components. The pore diameter of the microporous metal plate is 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm, and it needs to be soaked in pure water in advance to reach the saturated state and then put into the shear box.

[0087] The test device of the present invention can provide reliable support for the design of in-situ leaching injection and extraction parameters, the seepage erosion characteristics, hydraulic characteristics, and the stability of the ore body in the ionic rare earth ore area, including calculating physical and mechanical indexes such as the dynamic permeability coefficient of the ore body, the particle size distribution of the lost particles, the cumulative volume of the stored leaching solution, and the shear strength.

[0088] The readings of the first flowmeter and the first water pressure sensor are Q1 and P1 respectively, and the readings of the second flowmeter and the second water pressure sensor are Q2 and P2 respectively. During the pressure penetration process, the cross-sectional area of the rare earth ore body sample perpendicular to the shear direction is A, and the corresponding seepage length parallel to the shear direction is L. The dynamic average permeability coefficient κ of the rare earth ore body sample at the time when the penetration process experiences time T is calculated by the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, ρ is the density of the pure water, and g is the acceleration of gravity.

[0091] The cumulative volume V3 of the leaching solution stored in the rare earth ore body sample is calculated by the following formula

[0092] V3 = Q1 - Q2 (2).

[0093] The present invention also provides a method for the combined test of pressurized penetration and shear of an ionic rare earth ore body, which adopts the combined test device for pressurized penetration and shear of an ionic rare earth ore body as described above, and includes the following steps:

[0094] S1. Install the shear box 1 in the load system 2;

[0095] S2. Place the rare earth ore body sample 15 into the shear box 1 and adjust the shear box 1 properly.

[0096] S3. Control the load system 2 and the dynamic penetration structure 3 through the processing terminal 6 to complete the preparations before the pressure penetration test.

[0097] S4. Conduct the pressure penetration test, and collect the pressure penetration test data through the grading filtration structure 4 and the data assembly 5.

[0098] S5. Conduct the shear test and collect the shear test data.

[0099] Example 1

[0100] Combined pressure penetration and shear test on ionic rare earth ore body.

[0101] A combined pressure penetration and shear test on an ionic rare earth ore body includes the following steps:

[0102] S1. First, place the inverted U-shaped rail at the bottom of the shear box on the rolling bearing, apply lubricating oil in the first groove at the joint of the upper box and the lower box and place the roller plate, check whether the second self-adaptive deformation cavity ring in the second groove is intact and place it in the second groove of the lower box; embed the downward infiltration pressure plate and the lower filter plate into the serrated side walls on the left and right side walls of the shear box respectively; place the upper box on the lower box and align the inner cavity, insert the long rod bolt and tighten it, and embed the upward infiltration pressure plate and the upper filter plate into the serrated side walls on the left and right side walls of the shear box respectively; lead out the wires of the first water pressure sensor, pH meter and the second water pressure sensor through the preset holes on the side wall of the shear box and tighten the waterproof joints; evenly apply lubricant in the inner cavity of the shear box; put the rare earth ore body sample into the inner cavity of the shear box, and then put the filter paper, microporous metal plate, the first self-adaptive deformation cavity ring and the cover plate in sequence, and connect the first self-adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second self-adaptive deformation cavity ring to the water pressure chamber through a pipeline.

[0103] S2. Install the vertical pointer displacement gauge, horizontal pointer displacement gauge, vertical S-type pressure sensor and horizontal S-type pressure sensor, align the vertical force axis on the bearing frame with the central groove on the contact cover plate; adjust the horizontal loading system by controlling the servo motor to ensure that the first horizontal axis of the servo motor contacts the lower box, and ensure that the second horizontal axis contacts the upper box by rotating the telescopic control knob on the lateral support; then, set the readings of the vertical pointer displacement gauge, horizontal pointer displacement gauge, vertical S-type pressure sensor and horizontal S-type pressure sensor to zero.

[0104] S3. Control the servo actuator and the vertical S-shaped pressure sensor through the processing terminal, apply a preset vertical pressure or the vertical pressure required by relevant specification standards, and record the initial reading of the vertical pointer displacement gauge after stabilization; open the first valve, and control the water pressure chamber to fill the first adaptive deformation chamber ring and the second adaptive deformation chamber ring with pure water through the pressure servo instrument. The volume of the chamber ring expands to form a sealed pressure contact in the shear box.

[0105] S4. Open the third valve to allow the leaching solution to enter the inner cavity of the shear box from the liquid supply chamber, so that the leaching solution wets the rare earth ore body sample and reacts with the rare earth elements. Then open the fourth valve to allow the leaching solution flowing out of the rare earth ore body sample to flow into the grading and filtration structure. Water, rare earth ions and fine-particle substances pass through the multi-stage separation membrane and directly enter the liquid collection chamber. Different larger-particle minerals are screened by the multi-stage separation membrane and precipitated to the multi-stage particle precipitation tank under the action of gravity; collect the real-time data of the vertical pointer displacement gauge, the first flowmeter, the first water pressure sensor, the second flowmeter, the second water pressure sensor, and the pH meter. Wait until the pH meter reading tends to be stable and equal to the original pH value of the leaching solution, then close the third valve, open the second valve, and the water pressure chamber directly inputs pure water into the shear box. Wait again until the pH meter reading tends to be stable to the neutral value, then close the first valve, the second valve and the fourth valve, disconnect the connection between the first adaptive deformation chamber ring, the second adaptive deformation chamber ring and the water pressure chamber, stop the liquid input and output in the shear box, remove all the multi-stage particle precipitation tanks, filter, dry, and weigh the particle mass in each multi-stage particle precipitation tank, draw the fine particle size distribution characteristics of the rare earth ore body sample under the action of pressure infiltration, calculate and draw the dynamic average permeability coefficient of the rare earth ore body sample, the cumulative volume of the leaching solution stored inside the sample, and the variation law of the vertical deformation of the sample with the infiltration time; remove the liquid collection chamber for rare earth element composition and concentration analysis.

[0106] S5. Maintain the vertical pressure, remove the long bolt and then start shearing, and collect the readings of the vertical pointer displacement gauge, the horizontal pointer displacement gauge, the vertical S-shaped pressure sensor and the horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor in real time.

[0107] S6. After shearing, control the servo actuator and the vertical S-shaped pressure sensor through the processing terminal to reduce the vertical pressure to zero, so that the vertical force axis on the bearing frame is disengaged from the cover plate. Subsequently, remove the cover plate, the first adaptive deformation chamber ring, the microporous metal plate, the rare earth ore body sample, the upper infiltration pressure plate, the upper filter plate, the lower infiltration pressure plate and the lower filter plate in sequence, take a photo to record the three-dimensional morphology of the shear failure surface of the rare earth ore body sample, weigh the mass of the rare earth ore body sample, clean each component of the test device and dry it naturally, sort out and analyze the test data, and obtain the shear characteristics and strength parameters of the rare earth ore body sample under the action of pressure infiltration.

[0108] S7. Repeat the steps of S1 to S6 to conduct the next group of tests.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] Consolidated infiltration shear combined test on general soil samples.

[0111] A consolidated infiltration shear combined test on general soil samples includes the following steps:

[0112] S1. First, place the inverted U-shaped rail at the bottom of the shear box on the rolling bearing, apply lubricant to the first groove at the joint of the upper box and the lower box and place the roller plate, check whether the second adaptive deformation cavity ring in the second groove is intact and place it in the second groove of the lower box; embed the downward infiltration pressure plate and the lower filter plate into the serrated side walls on the left and right side walls of the shear box respectively; place the upper box on the lower box and align the inner cavity, insert the long bolt and tighten it, and embed the upward infiltration pressure plate and the upper filter plate into the serrated side walls on the left and right side walls of the shear box respectively; lead out the wires of the first water pressure sensor, the pH meter and the second water pressure sensor through the preset holes on the side wall of the shear box and tighten the waterproof joints; evenly apply lubricant to the inner cavity of the shear box; push the soil sample into the inner cavity of the shear box, and then sequentially place the filter paper, the microporous metal plate, the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the cover plate, and connect the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring to the water pressure chamber through a pipeline.

[0113] S2. Install the vertical pointer displacement gauge, the horizontal pointer displacement gauge, the vertical S-shaped pressure sensor and the horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor, align the vertical force axis on the bearing frame with the central groove on the contact cover plate; adjust the horizontal loading system by controlling the servo motor to ensure that the first horizontal axis of the servo motor contacts the lower box, and ensure that the second horizontal axis contacts the upper box by rotating the telescopic control knob on the lateral support; then, set the readings of the vertical pointer displacement gauge, the horizontal pointer displacement gauge, the vertical S-shaped pressure sensor and the horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor to zero.

[0114] S3. Control the servo actuator and the vertical S-shaped pressure sensor through the processing terminal, apply the preset vertical pressure or the vertical pressure required by relevant specification standards, and record the initial reading of the vertical pointer displacement gauge after stabilization; open the first valve, and control the water pressure chamber to fill pure water into the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring through the pressure servo instrument, and the volume of the cavity ring expands to form a sealed pressure contact in the shear box.

[0115] S4. Open the second valve to allow pure water to enter the inner cavity of the shear box from the water pressure chamber, and open the fourth valve to enable the water flowing out through the general soil sample to flow into the grading filtration structure. The water directly enters the liquid collection chamber through the multi-stage separation membrane, and different larger particle-size mineral particles are screened by the multi-stage separation membrane and precipitate to the multi-stage particle sedimentation tank under the action of gravity. Collect the real-time data of the vertical pointer displacement meter, the first flowmeter, the first water pressure sensor, the second flowmeter, and the second water pressure sensor. When the penetration reaches the specified time, close the first valve, the second valve, and the fourth valve, disconnect the connection between the first adaptive deformation chamber ring and the second adaptive deformation chamber ring and the water pressure chamber, stop the liquid input and output in the shear box, remove all the multi-stage particle sedimentation tanks, filter, dry, and weigh the particle mass in each multi-stage particle sedimentation tank, draw the fine particle gradation characteristics of the general soil sample under the action of pressure penetration, and calculate and draw the variation laws of the dynamic average permeability coefficient of the general soil sample, the cumulative volume of pure water stored inside the soil sample, and the vertical deformation of the soil sample with the penetration time.

[0116] S5. Maintain the vertical pressure, remove the long bolt and then start shearing, and collect the readings of the vertical pointer displacement meter, the horizontal pointer displacement meter, the vertical S-type pressure sensor, and the horizontal S-type pressure sensor in real time.

[0117] S6. After the shearing is completed, control the servo actuator and the vertical S-type pressure sensor through the processing terminal to reduce the vertical pressure to zero, so that the vertical force axis on the load-bearing frame is disengaged from the cover plate. Subsequently, remove the cover plate, the first adaptive deformation chamber ring, the microporous metal plate, the general soil sample, the upper infiltration pressure plate, the upper filter plate, the lower infiltration pressure plate, and the lower filter plate in sequence, take a photo to record the three-dimensional morphology of the shear failure surface of the general soil sample, weigh the mass of the general soil sample, clean each component of the test device and dry it naturally, sort out and analyze the test data, and obtain the shear characteristics and strength parameters of the general soil sample under the action of pressure penetration.

[0118] S7. Repeat the steps of S1 - S6 to conduct the next set of tests.

[0119] Example 3

[0120] Pressurized infiltration and shear combined test on ionic rare earth ore bodies.

[0121] A method for judging whether the rare earth element exchange is completed and the exchange efficiency, and its principle and operation steps are as follows:

[0122] The main component in the leaching solution, the sulfuric acid-type component, shows weak acidity when dissolved in water. When the sulfuric acid-type component reacts with rare earth elements, the leaching solution (referred to as the leachate) flowing into the liquid collection chamber will change from weak acidity to a neutral state. The faster the reaction rate of rare earth elements, the more significant the change in pH. When the reaction rate of rare earth elements slows down and gradually completes, the pH of the leachate gradually approaches the original weak acidity of the leaching solution. Therefore, monitoring the pH of the leachate can reflect whether the rare earth elements have been completely exchanged and the magnitude of the ion exchange reaction rate.

[0123] The operation steps are as follows: S1. First, measure the initial pH value of the leachate. When osmosis starts, record the real-time data of the pH meter. In the initial stage of osmosis, the ion exchange reaction is relatively intense, and the pH value of the leachate deviates significantly from the initial value of the leaching solution.

[0124] S2. When the pH value of the leachate is basically the same as the initial pH value of the leaching solution, it indicates that the ion exchange reaction is completed. At this time, close the third valve, stop the input of the leaching solution, and open the second valve to switch to the input of pure water.

[0125] S3. When pure water drives the leaching solution into the fractional filtration and dialysis structure, the pH value gradually rises from the initial pH value of the leaching solution to the neutral value. Recover the excess leaching solution using the liquid collection chamber, and the osmosis stage ends. Plot the change curve of the pH value with the osmosis time to evaluate the ion exchange efficiency.

[0126] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions and substitutions can still be made, which should all be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressurized infiltration shear of an ionic rare earth ore body Cutting combined test device, characterized in that It includes a shear box (1), a loading system (2), a dynamic infiltration structure (3), a fractional filtration and analysis structure (4), a data assembly (5) and a processing terminal (6); The loading system (2) is used to apply horizontal and vertical loads to the shear box (1); the dynamic infiltration structure (3) is used to contain the leaching solution (46) and make the leaching solution (46) flow into the inner cavity (7) of the shear box (1); the fractional filtration and analysis structure (4) is used to collect the leaching solution (46) after reacting with the rare earth ore body sample (15) and obtain the data of fractional filtration and analysis; the data assembly (5) is used to summarize the monitoring data during the infiltration and shear processes; the combined test device is controlled by the processing terminal (6); The shear box (1) includes an upper box (10), a lower box (11), an upper infiltration pressure plate (16), a lower infiltration pressure plate (17), an upper filter screen plate (18), a lower filter screen plate (19), a cover plate (12), a microporous metal plate (14) and filter paper; the inner cavity (7) is used to contain the rare earth ore body sample (15); An upper infiltration pressure plate (16) corresponding to the upper box (10) and a lower infiltration pressure plate (17) corresponding to the lower box (11) are arranged at the left side wall (8) inside the shear box (1), and an upper filter screen plate (18) corresponding to the upper box (10) and a lower filter screen plate (19) corresponding to the lower box (11) are arranged at the right side wall (9) inside the shear box (1); leaching solution inlet holes are provided at both the upper and lower parts of the left side wall (8) of the shear box (1), and leaching solution outlet holes are provided at both the upper and lower parts of the right side wall (9) of the shear box (1); Above the rare earth ore body sample (15) inside the shear box (1), a cover plate (12), a microporous metal plate (14) and filter paper are arranged from top to bottom in sequence; a vertical load applied by the loading system (2) is received above the cover plate (12); horizontal loads applied by the loading system (2) are received on the left side of the lower box (11) and the right side of the upper box (10).

2. The pressure infiltration and shear combined test device for ionic rare earth ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading system (2) includes a loading table, a servo motor (26), a first horizontal shaft (27), a second horizontal shaft (28), a telescopic control knob (29), a lateral support (30), a horizontal S-type pressure sensor (31), a horizontal dial gauge displacement transducer (32), a bearing frame (33), a vertical force shaft (34), a servo actuator (35), a vertical S-type pressure sensor (36), a vertical dial gauge displacement transducer (37); Two inverted U-shaped rails (24) parallel to the shear direction are arranged at the bottom of the lower box (11), and a plurality of rolling bearings (25) are arranged on the loading table corresponding to the inverted U-shaped rails (24), and the inverted U-shaped rails (24) are arranged on the rolling bearings (25); The servo motor (26) and the lateral support (30) are both fixedly arranged on the load tabletop. The servo motor (26) applies a load to the left side of the lower box (11) through the first horizontal shaft (27), and a horizontal pointer displacement gauge (32) is fixedly arranged on the first horizontal shaft (27) through a gripper, and its pointer abuts against the servo motor (26); the right side of the upper box (10) is connected to one end of the second horizontal shaft (28), the other end of the second horizontal shaft (28) is connected to one end of a horizontal S-type pressure sensor (31), and the other end of the horizontal S-type pressure sensor (31) is connected to the lateral support (30) through a threaded rod passing through the telescopic control knob (29); The load-bearing frame (33) includes four vertical rod members, a top cross-shaped rod member and a bottom cross-shaped rod member. The upper ends of the four vertical rod members are respectively fixedly connected to the four ends of the top cross-shaped rod member, and the lower ends of the four vertical rod members are respectively fixedly connected to the four ends of the bottom cross-shaped rod member; the top cross-shaped rod member is located above the load tabletop, and the bottom cross-shaped rod member is located below the load tabletop; the servo actuator (35) is fixedly arranged on the bottom cross-shaped rod member, and the servo actuator (35) applies a load upward to the load tabletop; the upper end of the vertical force shaft (34) is connected to the middle of the top cross-shaped rod member, the lower end of the vertical force shaft (34) contacts the cover plate (12), and a vertical S-type pressure sensor (36) is arranged in the middle of the vertical force shaft (34); the vertical pointer displacement gauge (37) is fixedly arranged on the load tabletop through a gripper, and its pointer abuts against the cover plate (12).

3. The pressure infiltration and shear combined test device for ionic rare earth ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein The dynamic penetration structure (3) includes a pressure servo instrument (38), a dynamic penetration structure main body, and a dynamic penetration structure support frame; the inside of the dynamic penetration structure main body is a cavity, and a piston (42) sliding up and down inside the dynamic penetration structure main body divides its internal cavity into an upper water pressure chamber (39) and a lower liquid supply chamber (45). The water pressure chamber (39) is filled with pure water (58), and the liquid supply chamber (45) is filled with an extraction liquid (46). The side of the piston is provided with a piston ring (43) and grease (44) for sealing; the top of the water pressure chamber (39) is connected to the pressure servo instrument (38) through a pipeline (60); The water pressure chamber (39) is also connected to the first self-adaptive deformation cavity ring (13), the second self-adaptive deformation cavity ring (23), and the extraction liquid inlet hole of the shear box (1) through pipelines (60). The first self-adaptive deformation cavity ring (13) is arranged around between the upper box (10) and the microporous metal plate (14), and the first self-adaptive deformation cavity ring (13) is used to cooperate with the cover plate (12) and the microporous metal plate (14) to form a seal for the upper part of the shear box (1); the second self-adaptive deformation cavity ring (23) is arranged around between the upper box (10) and the lower box (11), and the second self-adaptive deformation cavity ring (23) forms a seal for the middle part of the shear box (1); The bottom of the liquid supply chamber (45) is connected to the extraction liquid inlet hole of the shear box (1) through a pipeline (60).

4. The pressure infiltration and shear combined test device for ionic rare earth ore bodies according to claim 3, wherein, A first valve (40) is provided on a pipe (60) connecting a hydraulic pressure chamber (39) to a first self - adaptive deformation chamber capsule ring (13) and a second self - adaptive deformation chamber capsule ring (23); a second valve (41) is provided on a pipe (60) between the hydraulic pressure chamber (39) and the leaching solution inlet hole of the shear box (1); a third valve (49) is provided on a pipe (60) between a liquid supply chamber (45) and the leaching solution inlet hole of the shear box (1).

5. The pressure infiltration and shear combined test device for ionic rare earth ore body according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross - section of the shear box (1) is rectangular. The upper box (10) and the lower box (11) have the same height. First grooves (20) and second grooves (21) are provided in the rectangular contact surface of the upper box (10) and the lower box (11). Two first grooves (20) are arranged parallel to the shearing direction. Roller plates (22) for reducing the friction between the upper box (10) and the lower box (11) are provided in the first grooves (20). The second grooves (21) are rectangular, and second self - adaptive deformation chamber capsule rings (23) are arranged in the second grooves (21) in a matching manner.

6. The pressure infiltration and shear combined test device for ionic rare earth ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shear box (1) further includes long - rod bolts (59). Vertical limiting holes are provided on both the left and right sides of the contact surface between the upper box (10) and the lower box (11), and the limiting holes on the upper box (10) and the lower box (11) are in matching correspondence. The shear box (1) fixes the upper box (10) and the lower box (11) by inserting the long - rod bolts (59) into the limiting holes of the upper box (10) and the lower box (11). The long - rod bolts (59) are installed before the pressure infiltration test and removed after the pressure infiltration ends and before shearing starts.

7. The pressurized infiltration and shear combined test device for ionic rare earth ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper infiltration pressing plate (16), the lower infiltration pressing plate (17), the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19) are all honeycomb - shaped porous cuboid structures with serrated card slots (142) provided on the side walls. Serrated structures matching the serrated card slots (142) are provided on both the left side wall (8) and the right side wall (9) inside the shear box (1); the pore diameters of the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19) are smaller than those of the upper infiltration pressing plate (16) and the lower infiltration pressing plate (17); the sum of the heights of the upper infiltration pressing plate (16) and the lower infiltration pressing plate (17) is equal to the height of the rare - earth ore body sample (15), and the contact surface between the upper infiltration pressing plate (16) and the lower infiltration pressing plate (17) is flat and smooth and at the same height as the joint of the upper box (10) and the lower box (11); the sum of the heights of the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19) is equal to the height of the rare - earth ore body sample (15), and the contact surface between the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19) is flat and smooth and at the same height as the joint of the upper box (10) and the lower box (11).

8. The pressure penetration and shear combined test device for ionic rare earth ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grading filtration structure (4) includes a grading filtration support, a particle separation channel (50), a particle sedimentation tank (52), and a liquid collection chamber (53); the particle separation channel (50) is mounted on the grading filtration support, and an inlet and an outlet are respectively provided at the upper parts of both ends of the particle separation channel (50). The inlet of the particle separation channel (50) is connected to the extraction liquid outflow hole of the shear box (1) through a pipeline (60), and the outlet of the particle separation channel (50) is connected to the liquid collection chamber (53) through a pipeline (60). A multi-stage separation membrane (51) is fixedly arranged in the particle separation channel (50). The multi-stage separation membrane (51) includes a plurality of separation membranes uniformly spaced in the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the particle separation channel (50), and the pore size of the separation membrane gradually decreases in the direction from the inlet to the outlet. A funnel-shaped converging notch (501) is provided below the space of the particle separation channel (50) separated by the separation membrane, and a particle sedimentation tank (52) is correspondingly provided below each converging notch (501).

9. The pressure infiltration and shear combined test device for ionic rare earth ore body according to claim 1, wherein The extraction liquid (46) is an acidic solution. A first flowmeter (48) is provided on the pipeline (60) before the extraction liquid inflow hole of the shear box (1). A second flowmeter (56) is provided on the pipeline (60) before the particle separation channel (50). A first water pressure sensor (47) is provided between the upper infiltration pressure plate (16) and the lower infiltration pressure plate (17). A pH meter (54) and a second water pressure sensor (55) are provided between the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19). The wires of the first water pressure sensor (47), the pH meter (54), and the second water pressure sensor (55) pass through a preset hole provided on the side wall of the shear box (1), and a waterproof joint is provided at the preset hole. The first flowmeter (48), the second flowmeter (56), the first water pressure sensor (47), the pH meter (54), and the second water pressure sensor (55) are all connected to the data assembly (5) through wires.

10. A combined test method of pressure infiltration and shear for ionic rare earth ore bodies, characterized in that, Using the ion-type rare earth ore body pressurized infiltration shear combined test device described in any one of claims 1 to 9, the following steps are included: S1. Install the shear box (1) in the load system (2). S2. Load the rare earth ore body sample (15) into the shear box (1) and adjust the shear box (1). S3. Control the load system (2) and the dynamic infiltration structure (3) through the processing terminal (6) to complete the preparation before the pressurized infiltration test. S4. Conduct the pressurized infiltration test, and collect the pressurized infiltration test data through the grading filtration structure (4) and the data assembly (5). S5. Conduct the shear test and collect the shear test data.

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