High-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, in particular to a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that aluminum is melted at the temperature of 740-770 DEG C, then magnesium, silicon, chromium, vanadium, an aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy, an aluminum-lanthanum alloy and an aluminum-cerium alloy are added and mixed, smelting is conducted for 1.5-2.5 h, and an aluminum alloy melt is obtained; injecting the mixture into a mold, molding under the pressure intensity of 60-100MPa, and quickly solidifying to obtain a molded aluminum alloy; carrying out solution treatment, then putting the aluminum alloy material subjected to solution treatment into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching, and carrying out aging treatment to obtain the heat-treated aluminum alloy; the coating powder is mixed with a binder and water, the mixture is applied to the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, the coating thickness ranges from 0.5 mm to 1 mm, drying is conducted, and a pre-coating layer is obtained; and performing laser cladding to obtain the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. Through matching of the raw materials and the preparation steps, the material structure is optimized, the stability of the protective layer is improved, the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy are improved, and the method is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, and particularly to a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloy materials have the characteristics of being lightweight, having good thermal conductivity, and being easily recyclable. When used in fields such as fuel tanks and belt pulleys, they can significantly reduce the overall load and vehicle energy consumption, and have significant application value.

[0003] However, the strength of general aluminum alloys is lower than that of steel or cast iron, and there may be risks of deformation or fracture under high-load, high-impact, or frequent start-stop working conditions. In addition, although the oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloys has certain corrosion resistance, when aluminum alloys are in long-term contact with environments such as humidity, salt spray, acid mist, and alkali mist, the oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloys is easily damaged, accelerating the corrosion of aluminum alloys.

[0004] To further protect the surface of aluminum alloys, it is usually necessary to coat a protective coating on their surface. However, after long-term wear, the general coating is not firmly bonded to the aluminum alloy and is prone to peeling. Therefore, high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys are urgently needed in many industries. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to at least overcome one of the defects of the prior art, and provides a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. By matching raw materials and preparation steps, optimizing the material structure, improving the stability of the protective layer, and enhancing the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, it is suitable for industrial production.

[0006] In the first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a preparation method of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, which is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A preparation method of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Melting 80 - 100 parts by weight of aluminum at a temperature of 740 - 770 °C, and then adding 3 - 6 parts of magnesium, 5 - 10 parts of silicon, 0.5 - 1 part of chromium, 0.4 - 0.8 part of vanadium, 8 - 15 parts of an aluminum scandium zirconium alloy, 8 - 10 parts of an aluminum lanthanum alloy, and 6 - 8 parts of an aluminum cerium alloy, and melting for 1.5 - 2.5 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0009] (2) Injecting the aluminum alloy melt into a mold, forming and rapidly solidifying under a pressure of 60 - 100 MPa to obtain a formed aluminum alloy;

[0010] (3) Performing solution treatment on the formed aluminum alloy, then putting the solution-treated aluminum alloy material into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching, and obtaining a heat-treated aluminum alloy after aging treatment;

[0011] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder and water, coat it on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, with the coating thickness being 0.5 - 1 mm, and dry to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0012] (5) Conduct laser cladding on the pre-coated layer to obtain a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0013] The preparation method of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The preparation method of the present application first melts and then rapidly solidifies under high pressure the raw materials with a specific ratio. Melting can accelerate the mutual mixing process of the raw materials, change the mass transfer mechanism from solid-phase diffusion to liquid-phase flow, promote mass transfer, refine grains by high-pressure rapid solidification extrusion, improve strength and toughness, and optimize the material structure and improve the stability of the protective layer through combined solution treatment, water quenching, aging treatment and laser cladding, further improving the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy.

[0015] The water quenching of the present application rapidly cools the alloy material after solution treatment, which helps to improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. Decyl glucoside is rich in hydroxyl groups, which can improve the wettability and dispersibility of the alloy material, thereby improving the water quenching effect. Quenching in a decyl glucoside solution can also improve the adhesion on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, contribute to the tight combination between the coating and the heat-treated aluminum alloy, facilitate subsequent laser cladding, and improve the stability between the aluminum alloy and the cladding layer.

[0016] Magnesium atoms in the present application dissolve in the aluminum matrix, causing lattice distortion and hindering dislocation movement, which can improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. At the same time, magnesium can promote the densification of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy and improve the corrosion resistance; silicon can reduce the melt viscosity, reduce the shrinkage cavity tendency, improve the fluidity, and can also relieve the solidification shrinkage stress and inhibit hot cracking by forming an Al-Si eutectic structure; in addition, magnesium and silicon can form a Mg2Si strengthening phase, taking into account the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy.

[0017] Adding trace elements scandium and zirconium in the present application can refine grains. Scandium can inhibit the formation of recrystallized grains during the cladding of the aluminum alloy, making the cladding layer have higher strength and corrosion resistance. Zirconium elements are prone to form a large number of fine and dispersed second-phase particles in the alloy, which have the effect of hindering dislocation movement and pinning grain boundaries, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The addition of scandium and zirconium can improve both strength and stress corrosion resistance; rare earth elements lanthanum and cerium in the present application can purify the melt, reduce impurity segregation, and improve the corrosion resistance.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the aluminum scandium zirconium alloy in step (1) includes 6% - 8% by weight of scandium and 2% - 4% by weight of zirconium.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, the weight percentage of lanthanum in the aluminum-lanthanum alloy in step (1) is 10%-20%.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present application, the weight percentage of cerium in the aluminum-cerium alloy in step (1) is 10%-20%.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present application, the melting in step (1) is carried out under a vacuum or protective gas atmosphere. Melting under a vacuum or protective gas atmosphere can reduce the hydrogen and impurity content and reduce intergranular corrosion.

[0022] Furthermore, the protective gas is selected from one of nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present application, the temperature of the mold in step (2) is 300-400 °C.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present application, the temperature of the solution treatment in step (3) is 530-550 °C.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present application, the time of the solution treatment in step (3) is 8-16 h.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present application, the temperature of the water quenching in step (3) is 40-60 °C.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present application, the water quenching in step (3) is carried out within 20 s after the solution treatment is completed.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present application, the temperature of the aging treatment in step (3) is 170-190 °C.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present application, the time of the aging treatment in step (3) is 6-12 h.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present application, the raw materials for preparing the coating powder in step (4) include 45-75 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 5-15 parts of silicon carbide, 4-10 parts of carbon black, 5-10 parts of cerium oxide, 3-5 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.5-1 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0031] Under the conditions of laser cladding process, carbon black is evenly dispersed in the cladding material powder, better absorbing laser energy, and will undergo graphitization, forming metal carbides with metal elements. Silicon carbide will decompose into carbon and silicon at high temperature, and carbon participates in chemical reactions to in-situ generate metal carbide hard phases. Part of the silicon dissolves in the molten pool to form a solid solution strengthening phase. These metal carbides can be evenly distributed at the grain boundaries with sub-micron particle sizes, forming chemical bonding with the surrounding grains, facilitating the fusion of the coating and the substrate, improving the toughness and wear resistance of the coating, and protecting the aluminum alloy from being corroded. Zirconia, as a reinforcing phase, is dispersed in the cladding layer during the processes of high-temperature melting and rapid solidification, forming uniform and fine dispersed hard particles, thereby improving the hardness, corrosion resistance and fatigue strength of the material, and also protecting the aluminum alloy from oxidation and damage. Cerium oxide can refine the microstructure and improve the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer.

[0032] Further, the aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0033] Further, the preparation of the coating powder in step (4) includes the following steps:

[0034] Mix the preparation raw materials with water according to weight parts to prepare a slurry, perform vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present application, the weight ratio of the coating powder, binder and water in step (4) is (45-65):(0.5-2):(5-10).

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present application, the binder in step (4) is carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present application, the power of the laser cladding in step (5) is 3-6 kW, for example, the power of the laser cladding is 4 kW.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present application, the linear speed of the laser cladding in step (5) is 2-10 m / min, for example, the linear speed of the laser cladding is 5 m / min.

[0039] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by using the above-mentioned preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0040] The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to the embodiments of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0041] The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy of the present application optimizes the material structure through the combination of raw materials and preparation steps. The prepared aluminum alloy material has a dense structure and a stable protective layer, improving the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. Detailed Embodiments

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following will further describe in detail with specific embodiments. The embodiments described herein are only a part of the embodiments of this application and should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of this application.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Preparation of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy:

[0045] (1) Melting 90 parts by weight of aluminum at a temperature of 755 °C, then adding 4 parts of magnesium, 8 parts of silicon, 0.8 parts of chromium, 0.6 parts of vanadium, 12 parts of aluminum scandium zirconium alloy, 9 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy, and 7 parts of aluminum cerium alloy, and melting for 2 hours under a helium protection atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0046] (2) Injecting the aluminum alloy melt into a mold at a temperature of 350 °C, molding and rapidly solidifying under a pressure of 80 MPa to obtain a formed aluminum alloy;

[0047] (3) Performing solution treatment on the formed aluminum alloy, with the solution treatment temperature being 540 °C and the time being 12 h. Then, within 20 s after the solution treatment is completed, putting the solution-treated aluminum alloy material into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching, with the water quenching temperature being 50 °C, and obtaining a heat-treated aluminum alloy through aging treatment, with the aging treatment temperature being 180 °C and the time being 9 h;

[0048] (4) Mixing coating powder with binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 55:1:8, coating it on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, with the coating thickness being 0.5 - 1 mm, and drying to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0049] (5) Performing laser cladding on the pre-coated layer, with the laser cladding power being 5 kW and the laser cladding linear speed being 4 m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy;

[0050] Among them, in the aluminum scandium zirconium alloy described in step (1), by weight percentage, aluminum is 90%, scandium is 7%, and zirconium is 3%;

[0051] In the aluminum lanthanum alloy described in step (1), by weight percentage, aluminum is 85% and lanthanum is 15%;

[0052] In the aluminum cerium alloy described in step (1), by weight percentage, aluminum is 85% and cerium is 15%;

[0053] The preparation method of the coating powder described in step (4) is as follows: Mix 60 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 4 parts of zirconia, and 0.7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, add water to make a slurry, conduct vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder;

[0054] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel, and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Preparation of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy:

[0057] (1) Melt 100 parts of aluminum at a temperature of 740 °C, then add 6 parts of magnesium, 5 parts of silicon, 1 part of chromium, 0.4 part of vanadium, 15 parts of aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy, 8 parts of aluminum-lanthanum alloy, and 8 parts of aluminum-cerium alloy and mix. Conduct melting for 1.5 hours in a helium protection atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0058] (2) Inject the aluminum alloy melt into a mold at a temperature of 400 °C, form and rapidly solidify under a pressure of 60 MPa to obtain a formed aluminum alloy;

[0059] (3) Conduct solution treatment on the formed aluminum alloy. The temperature of the solution treatment is 550 °C and the time is 8 h. Then, within 20 s after the solution treatment is completed, put the solution-treated aluminum alloy material into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching. The temperature of the water quenching is 60 °C, and a heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained through aging treatment. The temperature of the aging treatment is 170 °C and the time is 12 h;

[0060] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water according to a weight ratio of 45:2:5, coat it on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and the coating thickness is 0.5 - 1 mm, then dry to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0061] (5) Conduct laser cladding on the pre-coated layer. The power of the laser cladding is 6 kW and the linear speed of the laser cladding is 2 m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy;

[0062] Among them, in the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 92%, scandium is 6%, and zirconium is 2% by weight percentage;

[0063] In the aluminum-lanthanum alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 90% and lanthanum is 10% by weight percentage;

[0064] In the aluminum-cerium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 90% and cerium is 10% by weight percentage;

[0065] The preparation method of the coating powder described in step (4) is as follows: 75 parts by weight of aluminum-nickel alloy, 5 parts of silicon carbide, 10 parts of carbon black, 5 parts of cerium oxide, 5 parts of zirconia, and 0.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then subjected to vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder;

[0066] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel, and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] Preparation of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy:

[0069] (1) 80 parts by weight of aluminum are melted at a temperature of 770 °C, and then 3 parts of magnesium, 10 parts of silicon, 0.5 part of chromium, 0.8 part of vanadium, 8 parts of aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy, 10 parts of aluminum-lanthanum alloy, and 6 parts of aluminum-cerium alloy are added and mixed. The mixture is melted for 2.5 hours under a helium protection atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0070] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is poured into a mold at a temperature of 300 °C, formed under a pressure of 100 MPa and rapidly solidified to obtain a formed aluminum alloy;

[0071] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 530 °C for 16 hours. Then, within 20 seconds after the solution treatment is completed, the solution-treated aluminum alloy material is placed in a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching at a temperature of 40 °C. After aging treatment, a heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained. The aging treatment temperature is 190 °C and the time is 6 hours;

[0072] (4) The coating powder, binder carboxymethyl cellulose, and water are mixed in a weight ratio of 65:0.5:10, and coated on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy. The coating thickness is 0.5 - 1 mm, and then dried to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0073] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer with a laser power of 3 kW and a laser cladding linear speed of 10 m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy;

[0074] Among them, in the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 88% by weight, scandium is 8% by weight, and zirconium is 4% by weight;

[0075] In the aluminum-lanthanum alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 80% by weight and lanthanum is 20% by weight;

[0076] In the aluminum-cerium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 80% by weight and cerium is 20% by weight;

[0077] The preparation method of the coating powder described in step (4) is as follows: Mix 45 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 15 parts of silicon carbide, 4 parts of carbon black, 10 parts of cerium oxide, 3 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, add water to make a slurry, conduct vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder;

[0078] The aluminum-nickel alloy consists of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel, and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] Preparation of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy:

[0081] (1) Melt 90 parts of aluminum at a temperature of 750 °C, then add 5 parts of magnesium, 7 parts of silicon, 0.6 part of chromium, 0.5 part of vanadium, 10 parts of aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy, 9 parts of aluminum-lanthanum alloy, and 7 parts of aluminum-cerium alloy and mix. Conduct smelting for 2 hours in a helium protection atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0082] (2) Inject the aluminum alloy melt into a mold at a temperature of 380 °C, form and rapidly solidify under a pressure of 90 MPa to obtain a formed aluminum alloy;

[0083] (3) Conduct solution treatment on the formed aluminum alloy. The temperature of the solution treatment is 540 °C and the time is 10 h. Then, within 20 s after the solution treatment is completed, put the solution-treated aluminum alloy material into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching. The temperature of the water quenching is 50 °C, and a heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained through aging treatment. The temperature of the aging treatment is 180 °C and the time is 10 h;

[0084] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water according to a weight ratio of 60:1.2:6, coat it on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, with a coating thickness of 0.5 - 1 mm, and dry to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0085] (5) Conduct laser cladding on the pre-coated layer. The power of the laser cladding is 4 kW and the linear speed of the laser cladding is 8 m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy;

[0086] Among them, in the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 91%, scandium is 6%, and zirconium is 3% by weight percentage;

[0087] In the aluminum-lanthanum alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 82% and lanthanum is 18% by weight percentage;

[0088] In the aluminum-cerium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 86% and cerium is 14% by weight percentage;

[0089] The preparation method of the coating powder described in step (4) is as follows: 50 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 8 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 4 parts of zirconia, and 0.8 part of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with water by weight to form a slurry, which is subjected to vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder;

[0090] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel, and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0091] Comparative Example 1

[0092] Preparation of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy:

[0093] (1) 90 parts of aluminum are melted at a temperature of 755 °C by weight, and then 4 parts of magnesium, 8 parts of silicon, 0.8 part of chromium, 0.6 part of vanadium, 12 parts of aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy, 9 parts of aluminum-lanthanum alloy, and 7 parts of aluminum-cerium alloy are added and mixed, and melted for 2 hours in a helium protection atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0094] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is poured into a mold at a temperature of 350 °C, formed and rapidly solidified under a pressure of 80 MPa to obtain a formed aluminum alloy;

[0095] (3) The formed aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 540 °C for 12 h, and then within 20 s after the solution treatment is completed, the solution-treated aluminum alloy material is put into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching at a temperature of 50 °C, and a heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained through aging treatment at a temperature of 180 °C for 9 h;

[0096] (4) The coating powder, binder carboxymethyl cellulose, and water are mixed in a weight ratio of 55:1:8, coated on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy with a coating thickness of 0.5 - 1 mm, and dried to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0097] (5) Laser cladding is performed on the pre-coated layer with a laser power of 5 kW and a laser cladding linear speed of 4 m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy;

[0098] Among them, in the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 90% by weight percentage, scandium is 7%, and zirconium is 3%;

[0099] In the aluminum-lanthanum alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 85% by weight percentage, and lanthanum is 15%;

[0100] In the aluminum-cerium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 85% by weight percentage, and cerium is 15%;

[0101] The preparation method of the coating powder described in step (4) is as follows: Mix 60 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 0.7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and water by weight to prepare a slurry, which is then subjected to vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder;

[0102] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0103] Comparative Example 2

[0104] Preparation of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy:

[0105] (1) Melt 90 parts of aluminum at a temperature of 755 °C, then add 4 parts of magnesium, 8 parts of silicon, 0.8 part of chromium, 0.6 part of vanadium, 9 parts of aluminum-lanthanum alloy and 7 parts of aluminum-cerium alloy and mix them. Melt for 2 hours under a helium protection atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0106] (2) Inject the aluminum alloy melt into a mold at a temperature of 350 °C, form and rapidly solidify under a pressure of 80 MPa to obtain a formed aluminum alloy;

[0107] (3) Perform solution treatment on the formed aluminum alloy. The solution treatment temperature is 540 °C and the time is 12 h. Then, within 20 s after the solution treatment is completed, put the solution-treated aluminum alloy material into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching. The water quenching temperature is 50 °C, and a heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained through aging treatment. The aging treatment temperature is 180 °C and the time is 9 h;

[0108] (4) Mix the coating powder with the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 55:1:8, coat it on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, and the coating thickness is 0.5 - 1 mm, and then dry it to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0109] (5) Perform laser cladding on the pre-coated layer. The laser cladding power is 5 kW and the laser cladding linear speed is 4 m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy;

[0110] Among them, in the aluminum-lanthanum alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 85% and lanthanum is 15% by weight percentage;

[0111] In the aluminum-cerium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 85% and cerium is 15% by weight percentage;

[0112] The preparation method of the coating powder described in step (4) is as follows: Mix 60 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 4 parts of zirconium dioxide, 0.7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and water by weight to prepare a slurry, which is then subjected to vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder;

[0113] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel, and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0114] Comparative Example 3

[0115] Preparation of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy:

[0116] (1) Melting 90 parts of aluminum at a temperature of 755 °C by weight, then adding 4 parts of magnesium, 8 parts of silicon, 0.8 parts of chromium, 0.6 parts of vanadium, 12 parts of aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy, 9 parts of aluminum-lanthanum alloy, and 7 parts of aluminum-cerium alloy and mixing them. Melting is carried out for 2 hours under a helium protection atmosphere to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0117] (2) Injecting the aluminum alloy melt into a mold at a temperature of 350 °C, forming and rapidly solidifying under a pressure of 80 MPa to obtain a formed aluminum alloy;

[0118] (3) Performing solution treatment on the formed aluminum alloy. The temperature of the solution treatment is 540 °C and the time is 12 h. Then, within 20 s after the solution treatment is completed, putting the solution-treated aluminum alloy material into water for water quenching. The temperature of the water quenching is 50 °C, and a heat-treated aluminum alloy is obtained through aging treatment. The temperature of the aging treatment is 180 °C and the time is 9 h;

[0119] (4) Mixing coating powder with binder carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 55:1:8, coating it on the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy. The coating thickness is 0.5 - 1 mm, and drying is carried out to obtain a pre-coated layer;

[0120] (5) Performing laser cladding on the pre-coated layer. The power of the laser cladding is 5 kW and the linear speed of the laser cladding is 4 m / min to obtain a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy;

[0121] Among them, in the aluminum-scandium-zirconium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 90% by weight percentage, scandium is 7%, and zirconium is 3%;

[0122] In the aluminum-lanthanum alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 85% by weight percentage and lanthanum is 15%;

[0123] In the aluminum-cerium alloy described in step (1), aluminum is 85% by weight percentage and cerium is 15%;

[0124] The preparation method of the coating powder described in step (4) is as follows: Mixing 60 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy, 10 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of carbon black, 8 parts of cerium oxide, 4 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, adding water to form a slurry, subjecting it to vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder;

[0125] The aluminum-nickel alloy is composed of 90% aluminum, 6% nickel, and 4% vanadium by weight.

[0126] Experimental Example

[0127] Take the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and test their tensile strength, yield strength, friction resistance and corrosion resistance. The test methods are as follows:

[0128] The tensile strength is tested according to the standard of GB / T 16865-2023.

[0129] The yield strength is tested according to the standard of GB / T 3880.2-2006.

[0130] The friction resistance is tested according to the standard of GB / T 12967.1-2020.

[0131] The corrosion resistance is tested according to the standard of GB / T 9274-1988.

[0132] The test data are shown in Table 1 below:

[0133] Table 1

[0134]

[0135] It can be seen from Table 1 that the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys prepared in Examples 1-4 of this application have good strength, friction resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0136] In the preparation raw materials of the coating powder of Comparative Example 1, zirconium dioxide is not contained, and the rest are the same as those in Example 1. The tensile strength, yield strength and wear resistance of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared in Comparative Example 1 are significantly inferior to those of Example 1 of this application, indicating that zirconium dioxide in the preparation raw materials of the coating powder of this application, as a reinforcing phase, is dispersed in the cladding layer during the processes of high-temperature melting and rapid solidification, forming uniform and fine dispersed hard particles, thereby improving the hardness, corrosion resistance and fatigue strength of the material, and at the same time protecting the aluminum alloy from oxidation and damage.

[0137] In the preparation raw materials of step (1) of Comparative Example 2, aluminum scandium zirconium alloy is not contained, and the rest are the same as those in Example 1. The tensile strength, yield strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared in Comparative Example 2 are significantly inferior to those of Example 1 of this application, indicating that adding trace elements scandium and zirconium in this application can refine the grains. Scandium can inhibit the formation of recrystallized structure during the cladding of aluminum alloy, making the cladding layer have higher strength and corrosion resistance. Zirconium element is easy to form a large number of fine and dispersed second-phase particles in the alloy, which has the effect of hindering the movement of dislocations and pinning grain boundaries, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The addition of scandium and zirconium can improve the strength and stress corrosion resistance at the same time.

[0138] In the water quenching in step (3) of Comparative Example 3, water was used instead of the decyl glucoside solution, and the rest was the same as in Example 1. The abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy prepared in Comparative Example 3 were significantly inferior to those of Example 1 of the present application, indicating that the water quenching of the present application rapidly cools the alloy material after solution treatment, which helps to improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. Decyl glucoside is rich in hydroxyl groups, which can improve the wettability and dispersibility of the alloy material, thereby improving the water quenching effect. Using the decyl glucoside solution for water quenching can also improve the adhesion of the surface of the heat-treated aluminum alloy, which helps the close combination between the coating and the heat-treated aluminum alloy, facilitates subsequent laser cladding, and improves the stability of the aluminum alloy and the cladding layer.

[0139] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, or variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present application, and the technical solutions after these changes, modifications, substitutions, or variations will all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Melt 80 - 100 parts by weight of aluminum at a temperature of 740 - 770 °C, then add 3 - 6 parts of magnesium, 5 - 10 parts of silicon, 0.5 - 1 part of chromium, 0.4 - 0.8 part of vanadium, 8 - 15 parts of aluminum scandium zirconium alloy, 8 - 10 parts of aluminum lanthanum alloy, and 6 - 8 parts of aluminum cerium alloy, and mix and smelt for 1.5 - 2.5 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (2) Inject the aluminum alloy melt into a mold, form and rapidly solidify it under a pressure of 60 - 100 MPa to obtain a formed aluminum alloy; (3) Perform solution treatment on the formed aluminum alloy, then put the solution - treated aluminum alloy material into a decyl glucoside solution for water quenching, and obtain a heat - treated aluminum alloy after aging treatment; (4) Mix the coating powder with a binder and water, coat it on the surface of the heat - treated aluminum alloy, the coating thickness is 0.5 - 1 mm, and dry it to obtain a pre - coated layer; (5) Perform laser cladding on the pre - coated layer to obtain a high - strength corrosion - resistant aluminum alloy.

2. The preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein, The aluminum scandium zirconium alloy in step (1) includes 6% - 8% by weight of scandium and 2% - 4% by weight of zirconium.

3. The preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smelting in step (1) is carried out in a vacuum or protective gas atmosphere.

4. The preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the solution treatment in step (3) is 530 - 550 °C, the time of the solution treatment in step (3) is 8 - 16 h, the temperature of the water quenching in step (3) is 40 - 60 °C, and the water quenching in step (3) is carried out within 20 s after the solution treatment is completed.

5. The preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The raw materials for preparing the coating powder in step (4) include 45 - 75 parts of aluminum nickel alloy, 5 - 15 parts of silicon carbide, 4 - 10 parts of carbon black, 5 - 10 parts of cerium oxide, 3 - 5 parts of zirconium dioxide, and 0.5 - 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

6. The preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that, The aluminum nickel alloy is composed of 90% of aluminum, 6% of nickel, and 4% of vanadium by weight.

7. The preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation of the coating powder in step (4) includes the following steps: Mix the preparation raw materials by weight with water to prepare a slurry, perform vacuum ball milling, centrifugal spray drying, and pass through a 100 - mesh sieve to obtain the coating powder.

8. The preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the coating powder, binder, and water in step (4) is (45 - 65):(0.5 - 2):(5 - 10).

9. The preparation method of a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power of the laser cladding in step (5) is 3 - 6 kW, and / or the linear speed of the laser cladding in step (5) is 2 - 10 m / min.

10. A high - strength corrosion - resistant aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of a high - strength corrosion - resistant aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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