Preparation method of coarse cereal feed for sheep

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of functional feeds, and discloses a preparation method of a coarse cereal feed for sheep, which comprises the following steps: crushing one or two coarse cereals of buckwheat, broom corn millet, millet and sorghum, and mixing the crushed coarse cereals with raw materials such as enzymolysis soybean meal and alfalfa meal; adding a compound bacteria solution containing lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomyces boulardii for anaerobic fermentation; the nano zinc oxide and the yucca extract are further strengthened to improve the oxidation resistance and ammonia reduction capacity of the feed; and finally, granulating and spraying a sodium alginate-chitosan coating. Through coarse cereal combination optimization, soybean meal enzymolysis pretreatment and composite flora fermentation synergistic effect, the feed protein utilization rate, the fiber degradation rate and the animal production performance are remarkably improved. Experiments show that the milk fat content of the saanen milk goats fed with the feed is increased by 15-23%, the daily gain of the Alba cashmere goats is increased by 25-35%, the feed conversion ratio is optimized to 11.2-12.3: 1, and compared with the prior art, the feed has outstanding nutrition balance and application pertinence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of functional feeds and discloses a preparation method of miscellaneous grain feeds for sheep. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the livestock industry, the research and development of sheep feeds have gradually shifted towards high efficiency, balanced nutrition, and functionality. However, in the existing technologies, most feed formulations still have problems such as single raw materials, unreasonable nutritional structure, complex processing technology, or lack of targeted applications, making it difficult to meet the differentiated needs of different breeds of sheep (such as dairy goats and fattening castrated sheep), which restricts the improvement of breeding efficiency.

[0003] The prior art represented by CN118489810A discloses a preparation method of high-moisture silage sheep feed with sweet potato vines as the core. This method adjusts the moisture content by adding corn flour and uses Streptococcus lactis for anaerobic fermentation. Although it can improve the silage quality to a certain extent, its raw material system overly relies on sweet potato vines, resulting in a low protein content in the feed (the crude protein of sweet potato vines is only about 2.7%), and insufficient key nutritional components such as vitamins and minerals. In addition, although the high-moisture silage process reduces the drying cost, it is prone to leaching and loss of nutrients during long-term storage, and the dry matter content is insufficient (the dry matter in the examples is only 19.03%), making it difficult to support the energy requirements of high-yield dairy goats or fast-fattening castrated sheep. More importantly, this technology does not involve the application of functional additives and cannot solve problems such as poor antioxidant properties of the feed and high risk of rumen ammonia poisoning, restricting its application in high-value-added breeding scenarios.

[0004] Another prior art CN118556797A proposes a feed for dairy goat breeding, which improves the milk production and milk protein content by encapsulating urea, vitamin C, and composite fermentation process. Its core innovation lies in using porous microspheres to slowly release urea and combining the fermentation products of Chinese herbal medicines such as Cordyceps flower and Poria cocos to enhance immunity. Although this technology improves the production performance of dairy goats to a certain extent, its preparation process is extremely complex, involving more than ten processes such as porous microsphere preparation, tannic acid modification, multi-step fermentation, and strain loading, significantly increasing the production cost. In addition, its additive system relies on chemical encapsulation and synthetic materials (such as alkyl orthosilicate), presenting potential residue risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a preparation method of miscellaneous grain feeds for sheep. Through the recombination of miscellaneous grain base materials, the construction of a functional additive matrix, and process innovation, it effectively solves the problems of limited raw material nutrition, complex process, and insufficient application pertinence in the existing technologies, providing an economical and functional feed solution for the breeding of high-yield dairy goats and high-quality meat sheep.

[0006] The present invention includes the following technical solutions:

[0007] A preparation method of miscellaneous grain feed for sheep, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Miscellaneous grain pretreatment: crushing one or two kinds of miscellaneous grains selected from buckwheat, broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, and sorghum to a particle size of 0.5 - 2 mm to obtain miscellaneous grain powder;

[0009] (2) Enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of soybean meal: mixing soybean meal with a compound enzyme preparation (containing cellulase and neutral protease) at a mass ratio of 50 - 150:1, hydrolyzing at 45 - 55 °C for 1 - 3 hours, and drying to a water content of ≤10% after hydrolysis to obtain enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal;

[0010] (3) Mixing and batching: by weight, mixing 60 - 80 parts of miscellaneous grain powder, 10 - 20 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal, 5 - 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 2 - 5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 - 2 parts of salt, 0.1 - 1 part of compound vitamins, 0.05 - 0.3 part of rosemary extract, and 0.1 - 0.5 part of inulin evenly;

[0011] (4) Fermentation treatment: adding 3 - 5% of the total mass of the compound bacterial liquid (containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces boulardii, with a total bacterial concentration of 10^7 - 10^9 CFU / mL) to the mixture, adjusting the water content to 45 - 55%, and anaerobically fermenting at 35 - 45 °C for 48 - 72 hours;

[0012] (5) Functional enhancement: adding 0.2 - 0.5% of nano - zinc oxide and 0.1 - 0.3% of yucca extract by mass of the fermented material, and mixing evenly;

[0013] (6) Granulation and drying: extruding the mixture through a granulator into particles with a particle size of 3 - 5 mm, and drying at 60 - 70 °C to a water content of ≤12% to obtain the miscellaneous grain feed for sheep.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above - mentioned preparation method of miscellaneous grain feed for sheep, the miscellaneous grains are selected from one of the following combinations:

[0015] a) Buckwheat and sorghum, with a mass ratio of 1:1 - 3:1;

[0016] b) Broomcorn millet and foxtail millet, with a mass ratio of 1:1 - 2:1;

[0017] c) Sorghum and broomcorn millet, with a mass ratio of 3:1 - 5:1.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above - mentioned preparation method of miscellaneous grain feed for sheep, the inoculation amount ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces boulardii in the compound bacterial liquid is (2 - 4):(1 - 3):(1 - 2).

[0019] Further, in the preparation method of the above-mentioned miscellaneous grain feed for sheep, before fermentation in step (4), 2-5% of cane molasses and 0.1-0.3% of xylanase based on the mass of the mixture are also added.

[0020] Further, the preparation method of the above-mentioned miscellaneous grain feed for sheep further includes step (7): spraying 0.5-1% of coating agent on the surface of the granules, and the coating agent is composed of sodium alginate and chitosan according to a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0021] The present invention discloses a miscellaneous grain feed for sheep, which is obtained by the method described in any one of the above.

[0022] The present invention also discloses the application of the miscellaneous grain feed for sheep in preparing a daily diet for promoting the daily weight gain of Albas cashmere goats, and is characterized in that: adding this feed according to 50-60% of the daily diet.

[0023] The present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned miscellaneous grain feed for sheep in preparing a daily diet for increasing the milk fat content of Saanen dairy goats, and is characterized in that: adding this feed according to 30-40% of the daily diet.

[0024] Further, in the above-mentioned daily diet, the rest of the components are silage corn.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. Improvement in nutritional balance:

[0027] Through the synergistic effect of the miscellaneous grain combination (buckwheat, sorghum, etc.) and enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal, the crude protein content in the feed reaches 18.7%, and the degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ≥ 75%, which is significantly higher than that of traditional feeds (such as the NDF degradation rate of 41.2% in CN118489810A). The protein digestibility of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal is increased to 83.5% (compared with 57.6% of unhydrolyzed soybean meal), releasing lysine (12.3 mg / g) and methionine (3.8 mg / g), meeting the amino acid requirements of high-yielding dairy goats and meat sheep.

[0028] 2. Synergistic effect of functional additives:

[0029] Rosemary extract and miscellaneous grain flavonoids synergistically scavenge free radicals (DPPH scavenging rate ≥ 91.7%), reduce lipid oxidation, and extend the shelf life of the feed; Yucca extract binds to rumen ammonia molecules, reducing the blood ammonia concentration to 8.5 mg / dL (compared with 18.9 mg / dL in the prior art), effectively preventing ammonia poisoning.

[0030] 3. Directional regulation of complex flora:

[0031] Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii (in a ratio of 2-4:1-3:1-2) are co-fermented to produce lactic acid (content 1.8%) to inhibit harmful bacteria (Escherichia coli <10 CFU / g). At the same time, fiber is degraded to produce volatile fatty acids (total VFA 85.3 mmol / kg), providing energy for milk fat synthesis and muscle growth. After fermentation, the pH of the feed is stabilized at 4.2-4.5, extending the storage period.

[0032] 4. Process costs and environmental protection advantages:

[0033] Molasses (2-5%) is used as a cheap carbon source, combined with xylanase (0.1-0.3%) to improve fiber utilization rate, reducing feed costs by 15-20%; sodium alginate-chitosan coating (spraying amount 0.5-1%) improves particle durability (PDI ≥ 95%), reducing the mildew rate to 2.1%, and the coating agent is biodegradable without environmental pollution.

[0034] 5. The effect of directional application is remarkable:

[0035] In Saanen dairy goats, when this feed is added at 35% of the daily diet, the milk fat content is increased to 4.6% (compared with 3.9% in the existing technology), and the average daily milk production reaches 3.5 kg; in Albas cashmere goats, when added at 60% of the daily diet, the daily weight gain is increased to 165 g (compared with 107 g in the existing technology), and the slaughter rate is increased to 54.3%. The feed-to-meat ratio is optimized to 11.2-12.3:1, and the comprehensive benefit is better than the traditional process. Description of the drawings

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the comparison of milk fat content (%) of Saanen dairy goats in horizontal test example 1;

[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the comparison of average daily milk production (kg) of Saanen dairy goats in horizontal test example 1;

[0038] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the comparison of daily weight gain (g) of Albas cashmere goats in horizontal test example 2;

[0039] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the comparison of slaughter rate (%) of Albas cashmere goats in horizontal test example 2. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] All raw materials in the embodiments of the present invention are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1 Raw material sources

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Preparation of buckwheat and sorghum-based feed

[0047] (1) Coarse grain pretreatment:

[0048] Mix the dried buckwheat and sorghum at a mass ratio of 2:1, and use a hammer mill to crush them to a particle size of 0.5 - 2 mm. After sieving, reserve for later use.

[0049] (2) Enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of soybean meal:

[0050] Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions:

[0051] Enzyme type and ratio: Cellulase (enzyme activity ≥ 500 U / g) and neutral protease (enzyme activity ≥ 3000 U / g) are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0052] Substrate - enzyme ratio: The mass ratio of soybean meal to the compound enzyme preparation is 100:1.

[0053] Hydrolysis parameters: Stir and hydrolyze at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 50°C for 2 hours at 200 rpm.

[0054] Post - treatment: After hydrolysis, the material is inactivated by enzyme at 80°C for 10 minutes, the liquid phase is separated by centrifugation, and the solid phase is dried in hot air at 60°C until the water content ≤ 10%, then crushed and sieved through a 60 - mesh sieve to obtain enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal.

[0055] (3) Mixing and batching:

[0056] Mix the following raw materials evenly by weight:

[0057] 70 parts of coarse grain powder

[0058] 15 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal

[0059] 8 parts of alfalfa meal (fiber length 1 - 3 cm)

[0060] 3 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate

[0061] 1 part of table salt

[0062] 0.5 part of compound vitamin

[0063] 0.2 part of rosemary extract

[0064] 0.3 part of inulin

[0065] (4) Fermentation treatment:

[0066] Add a compound bacterial liquid (containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces boulardii) accounting for 4% of the total mass of the mixture, 3% cane molasses, and 0.15% xylanase, and adjust the water content to 45 - 55%.

[0067] In a closed fermenter, anaerobically ferment at 35 - 40 °C for 48 - 72 hours, and take samples every 12 hours to monitor the pH until it reaches a stable value of 4.2 - 4.5.

[0068] (5) Functional enhancement:

[0069] Add 0.2 - 0.5% nano - zinc oxide and 0.1 - 0.3% yucca extract by mass of the fermented material, and mix evenly.

[0070] (6) Granulation and coating:

[0071] Extrude the mixture through a ring die granulator into particles with a particle size of 3 - 5 mm, spray 0.5 - 1% coating agent (prepared from sodium alginate and chitosan in a mass ratio of 2:1) on the particle surface, dry in a fluidized bed at 60 - 70 °C until the water content ≤ 12%, and package after cooling.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] Proso millet and foxtail millet - based feed.

[0074] Adjustment points compared with Example 1:

[0075] Coarse grain pretreatment: Mix proso millet and foxtail millet in a ratio of 1:1 and grind them to 1 - 2 mm.

[0076] Soybean meal enzymatic hydrolysis: The same process parameters as in Example 1.

[0077] Mixing and batching: 65 parts of coarse grain powder, 18 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal, 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 2.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of salt, 0.4 part of compound vitamin, 0.1 part of rosemary extract, 0.2 part of inulin.

[0078] Fermentation treatment: The addition amount of the compound bacterial liquid is 3%, the fermentation temperature is 35 °C, and the time is 72 hours.

[0079] Functional enhancement: 0.2% nano - zinc oxide, 0.1% yucca extract.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] Sorghum single - grain high - fiber feed

[0082] Adjustment points compared with Example 1:

[0083] Coarse grain pretreatment: Sorghum is separately crushed to 1.5 mm.

[0084] Soybean meal enzymatic hydrolysis: The enzymatic hydrolysis time is extended to 3 hours, and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0085] Mixing ingredients: 80 parts of coarse grain powder, 10 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal, 5 parts of alfalfa meal, 5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of salt, 1 part of compound vitamin, 0.05 part of rosemary extract, 0.5 part of inulin.

[0086] Fermentation treatment: The addition amount of the compound bacterial liquid is 5%, the fermentation temperature is 37 °C, and the time is 54 hours.

[0087] Function enhancement: 0.3% of nano zinc oxide, 0.25% of yucca extract.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] Preparation of buckwheat and millet-based feed

[0090] Adjustment points compared with Example 1:

[0091] (1) Coarse grain pretreatment:

[0092] The dried buckwheat and millet are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2, crushed to a particle size of 1 - 1.5 mm, and reserved after sieving.

[0093] (2) Pretreatment of soybean meal enzymatic hydrolysis:

[0094] Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions:

[0095] Enzyme type and ratio: Cellulase (enzyme activity ≥ 500 U / g) and neutral protease (enzyme activity ≥ 3000 U / g) are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0096] Hydrolysis parameters: Hydrolyze for 2.5 hours at pH 7.0 and a temperature of 55 °C, and the subsequent treatment is the same as in Example 1.

[0097] (3) Mixing ingredients:

[0098] Mix the following raw materials by weight:

[0099] 60 parts of coarse grain powder, 20 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal, 7 parts of alfalfa meal, 4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8 part of salt, 0.6 part of compound vitamin, 0.3 part of rosemary extract, 0.4 part of inulin.

[0100] (4) Fermentation treatment:

[0101] Add 5% of the compound bacterial liquid (bacterial strain ratio 3:2:1), 4% of cane molasses and 0.2% of xylanase based on the total mass of the mixture, adjust the water content to 50%, and anaerobically ferment at 38 °C for 60 hours until the pH stabilizes at 4.3.

[0102] (5) Functional enhancement:

[0103] Add 0.4% nano-zinc oxide (particle size 50 nm) and 0.2% yucca extract.

[0104] (6) Granulation and coating:

[0105] Spray 0.8% coating agent (sodium alginate: chitosan = 2:1) on the surface of the granules and dry at 65°C until the water content is 11%.

[0106] Example 5

[0107] Preparation of high-fiber feed from sorghum and broomcorn millet

[0108] (1) Pretreatment of miscellaneous grains:

[0109] Mix sorghum and broomcorn millet in a ratio of 3:1 and crush them to a particle size of 0.5 - 1 mm.

[0110] (2) Pretreatment of enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean meal:

[0111] Prolong the enzymatic hydrolysis time to 4 hours, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0112] (3) Mixing and batching:

[0113] 75 parts of miscellaneous grain powder, 12 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal, 9 parts of alfalfa meal, 3.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.7 part of compound vitamin, 0.15 part of rosemary extract, 0.45 part of inulin.

[0114] (4) Fermentation treatment:

[0115] The addition amount of the compound bacterial liquid is 3.5%, the fermentation temperature is 40°C, the time is 48 hours, and 3% cane molasses is added synchronously.

[0116] (5) Functional enhancement:

[0117] Add 0.25% nano-zinc oxide and 0.35% yucca extract.

[0118] (6) Granulation and drying:

[0119] Use a twin-screw granulator to form, without coating treatment, and directly dry at 70°C until the water content is 10%.

[0120] Comparative example 1 (without fermentation treatment)

[0121] The same formula as in Example 1, but omit the compound bacterial liquid fermentation in step (3), and directly granulate after mixing.

[0122] Comparative example 2 (unhydrolyzed soybean meal)

[0123] Use unhydrolyzed ordinary soybean meal, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0124] Comparative Example 3 (without functional additives)

[0125] Rosemary extract, inulin and yucca extract were omitted, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0126] Comparative Example 4 (single-strain fermentation)

[0127] Only Lactobacillus plantarum (concentration 10^8 CFU / mL) was used for fermentation, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0128] Comparative Example 5 (without coating agent)

[0129] After granulation, the coating agent was not sprayed and directly dried, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0130] Test Example 1

[0131] Effect of fermentation treatment on feed quality and sheep production performance

[0132] Test object:

[0133] Experimental group: Feed of Example 1 (including compound bacterial liquid fermentation process)

[0134] Control group: Feed of Comparative Example 1 (same formula but without fermentation treatment)

[0135] Test method

[0136] Determination of fermentation product indexes:

[0137] pH value: After fermentation ended, a fermentation feed sample was taken and measured using a pH meter.

[0138] Lactic acid content: Determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

[0139] Detection of harmful bacteria: The numbers of Escherichia coli and molds were determined (GB 4789.2-2016).

[0140] Feed nutritional indexes:

[0141] Crude protein (CP): Kjeldahl method.

[0142] Neutral detergent fiber (NDF): Van Soest method.

[0143] Feeding experiment:

[0144] Animal grouping: 30 healthy Albas cashmere goats (initial weight 25±2 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n = 15), and fed with the feed of the experimental group and the control group respectively.

[0145] Feeding plan: In the experimental group / control group, the feed accounts for 60% in the diet, and the silage corn accounts for 40%. Feed freely and continuously for 60 days.

[0146] Measuring indicators:

[0147] Daily weight gain: Weigh on an empty stomach every day and calculate the average daily weight gain.

[0148] Feed conversion ratio: Total feed intake / Total weight gain.

[0149] Fecal score: 1 - 5 points (1 = loose stool, 5 = hard pellet).

[0150] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0151] Table 2 Effects of fermentation treatment on feed quality and sheep production performance

[0152] Index Example 1 (Fermentation treatment) Control Example 1 (Without fermentation) Significance of difference (P value) Index of fermentation product pH value 4.3±0.1 6.2±0.2 P<0.01 Lactic acid content (%) 1.8±0.05 0.3±0.02 P<0.01 Escherichia coli (CFU / g) <10 <![CDATA[3.5×10 3 > P<0.01 Mold (CFU / g) Not detected <![CDATA[1.2×10 2 > P<0.01 Feed nutrition index Crude protein (%) 18.7±0.3 17.1±0.4 P<0.05 Animal production performance Daily weight gain (g) 165±8 132±6 P<0.05 Feed to meat ratio 11.5:1 14.2:1 P<0.05 Fecal score (1 - 5) 4.2±0.3 2.8±0.4 P<0.01

[0153] Data analysis and conclusion:

[0154] Effect of fermentation process on feed hygiene and preservation:

[0155] In Example 1, through fermentation with a compound bacterial solution, the pH value dropped to 4.3, and the lactic acid content reached 1.8%, effectively inhibiting harmful bacteria (E. coli < 10 CFU / g, mold not detected). In contrast, in Comparative Example 1, due to no fermentation, the pH value was as high as 6.2, and the lactic acid content was only 0.3%, resulting in a large reproduction of E. coli and mold (reaching 3.5×10 3 CFU / g and 1.2×10 2 CFU / g) respectively.

[0156] Conclusion: Fermentation treatment significantly improves feed hygiene and safety and extends the shelf life.

[0157] Improvement of nutritional value by fermentation:

[0158] The crude protein in Example 1 (18.7%) was 9.4% higher than that in Comparative Example 1 (17.1%).

[0159] Mechanism: The complex microbial community (Lactobacillus plantarum + Lactobacillus acidophilus + Saccharomyces boulardii) decomposes fibers, releases bound proteins, and simultaneously synthesizes microbial proteins.

[0160] Conclusion: The fermentation process improves the protein utilization rate of feed and optimizes the fiber structure.

[0161] Differences in animal production performance:

[0162] The daily weight gain of the Example 1 group (165 g) was 25% higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (132 g). The feed conversion ratio was optimized from 14.2:1 to 11.5:1, and the fecal score improved from 2.8 (soft stool) to 4.2 (formed hard pellet).

[0163] Mechanism:

[0164] Lactic acid and probiotics produced by fermentation promote rumen health and improve nutrient absorption rate;

[0165] Conclusion: Fermentation treatment significantly improves feed conversion efficiency and animal health level.

[0166] Test Example 2

[0167] Effect of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal on protein digestibility

[0168] Test subjects: Example 1 (enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal) vs Comparative Example 2 (non-enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal).

[0169] Method:

[0170] In vitro digestibility: Simulate gastric-intestinal digestion (pepsin for 2 h + pancreatin for 4 h) and measure the crude protein digestibility.

[0171] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0172] Table 3 Effect of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal on protein digestibility

[0173] Group Crude protein digestibility (%) Lysine (mg / g) Methionine (mg / g) Example 1 83.5±1.2 12.3±0.4 3.8±0.2 Control Example 2 57.6±2.1 7.1±0.3 2.1±0.1

[0174] Conclusion: The enzymatic hydrolysis process significantly improves protein digestibility (P<0.01) and the release amount of essential amino acids, verifying the necessity of enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0175] Test Example 3

[0176] Test on the effects of functional additives on antioxidant activity and ammonia emission reduction Test subjects: Example 1 (containing additives) vs Comparative Example 3 (without additives).

[0177] Method:

[0178] DPPH free radical scavenging rate: Evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the feed by spectrophotometry Rumen ammonia concentration: Collect rumen fluid 2 h after feeding and measure by indophenol blue method.

[0179] Fecal ammonia volatilization: Measure the ammonia release amount for 24 h by the closed chamber method.

[0180] The results are shown in Table 4

[0181] Table 4 Effects of functional additives on antioxidant activity and ammonia emission reduction

[0182] Group DPPH scavenging rate (%) Rumen ammonia (mg / dL) Fecal ammonia volatilization (g / kg) Example 1 91.7±1.3 8.5±0.4 1.2±0.1 Control Example 3 43.2±2.1 17.8±0.6 3.5±0.3

[0183] As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the functional additives increase the antioxidant capacity by 112% (91.7% vs 43.2%), verifying the synergistic antioxidant mechanism of rosemary extract and nano-zinc oxide.

[0184] The data in Table 4 fully prove that the functional additive, through the antioxidant-ammonia emission reduction synergistic path, not only improves the feed stability, but also significantly improves the breeding environment and animal health.

[0185] Test Example 4

[0186] Synergistic effect of the compound bacterial liquid on fiber degradation

[0187] Test object: Example 1 (compound bacterial liquid) vs Comparative Example 4 (single strain).

[0188] Method:

[0189] Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation rate: The NDF content before and after fermentation was determined by the Van Soest method.

[0190] Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production: The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were determined by gas chromatography.

[0191] The results are shown in Table 5.

[0192] Table 5 Synergistic effect of the compound bacterial liquid on fiber degradation

[0193] Group NDF degradation rate (%) Total VFA (mmol / kg) Acetic acid: Propionic acid Example 1 76.4±1.5 85.3±2.1 2.8:1 Control Example 4 53.2±1.8 62.7±1.9 3.5:1

[0194] The following conclusions can be drawn from Table 5: The compound bacterial group (Lactobacillus plantarum + Lactobacillus acidophilus + Saccharomyces boulardii) significantly increases the fiber degradation rate (P<0.05), optimizes the VFA ratio, and promotes energy metabolism.

[0195] Test Example 5

[0196] Effect of the coating agent on feed stability and palatability

[0197] Test object: Example 1 (coated) vs Comparative Example 5 (uncoated).

[0198] Method:

[0199] Particle durability: According to the PDI (particle durability index) determination method, the breakage rate was recorded.

[0200] Mildew rate: Stored at 25°C and 75% humidity for 30 days, and the proportion of the mildew area was observed.

[0201] Palatability: Free-feeding test, and the daily average feed intake of sheep was recorded.

[0202] The results are shown in Table 6.

[0203] Table 6 Effect of the coating agent on feed stability and palatability

[0204] Group PDI (%) Mildew rate (%) Average daily feed intake (kg) Example 1 95.2±0.5* 2.1±0.3* 2.3±0.2 Control Example 5 82.7±1.1 15.6±1.2 1.7±0.1

[0205] The following conclusions can be drawn from Table 6: Sodium alginate-chitosan coating significantly improves particle stability (PDI>95%) and mildew prevention effect (mildew rate reduced by 85%), and improves palatability (feed intake increased by 35%). Test Example 6

[0206] Effect of improving milk fat of Saanen dairy goats

[0207] Experimental group: Feed of Example 1 (accounting for 35% of the diet) + silage corn (65%), continuously fed for 60 days. Control group: Feed of Comparative Example 1 (without fermentation) was fed in the same proportion.

[0208] Blank group: Traditional diet (alfalfa hay + corn).

[0209] The results are shown in Table 7

[0210] Table 7 Effect of improving milk fat of Saanen dairy goats

[0211] Group Milk fat content (%) Milk protein (%) Average daily milk yield (kg) Experimental group 4.5±0.3 3.8±0.2 3.6±0.3 Control group 3.9±0.2 3.2±0.1 2.7±0.2 Blank group 3.6±0.3 2.9±0.2 2.1±0.1

[0212] It can be seen from the data in Table 7 that the milk fat and milk protein in the experimental group increased by 23.7% and 18.8% respectively

[0213] (P<0.01), and the milk yield increased by 71.4%, verifying the synergistic effect of the fermentation process and functional additives.

[0214] Horizontal Test Example 1

[0215] Comparison of daily weight gain of Albas cashmere goats

[0216] Experimental design:

[0217] Experimental group: Feeds of Examples 1-5 (each example is taken as a separate group)

[0218] Control group:

[0219] Prior art 1 (CN118489810A): Sweet potato vine silage feed (the same formula as Comparative Example 1).

[0220] Prior art 2 (CN118556797A): Dairy goat feed (the same formula as Comparative Example 1).

[0221] Feeding plan:

[0222] Diet composition: Feed of the experimental group / control group accounted for 60% of the diet, and silage corn accounted for 40%, with free access to food.

[0223] Test period: Continuously fed for 90 days. Record the feed intake every day, and weigh the goats on an empty stomach every week to calculate the daily weight gain.

[0224] Sample size: 15 healthy Albas cashmere goats in each group (initial weight 25±2 kg).

[0225] The test results are shown in Table 8.

[0226] Table 8 Comparison of daily weight gain of Albas cashmere goats

[0227]

[0228]

[0229] The following conclusions can be drawn from the data in Table 8:

[0230] Daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio:

[0231] The daily weight gain of Examples 1-5 (155-170 g) was significantly higher than that of the prior art 1 (107 g) and the prior art 2 (128 g), and the feed conversion ratio was optimized to 11.2-12.3:1, while the prior art 1 and 2 were 15.2:1 and 13.3:1, respectively.

[0232] Technical advantages:

[0233] Fiber degradation and energy supply: In the examples, xylanase and the complex microbial community (NDF degradation rate of 76.4%) significantly improved the fiber utilization rate, increased the production of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA), and provided more metabolic energy.

[0234] Functional additive: Yucca schidigera extract reduced the rumen ammonia concentration (Example 1: 8.5 mg / dL vs. the prior art 1: 18.9 mg / dL), reducing the inhibition of ammonia toxicity on growth.

[0235] Slaughter rate:

[0236] The slaughter rates of Examples 1-5 (51.9-55.1%) were higher than those of the prior art 1 (48.6%) and the prior art 2 (49.8%).

[0237] Technical advantages:

[0238] High-efficiency protein of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal: The lysine release amount of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal in the examples (12.3 mg / g) was significantly higher than that of the unhydrolyzed soybean meal of the prior art 1 (7.1 mg / g), promoting muscle synthesis.

[0239] Conclusion: Examples 1-5 of the present invention significantly improved the daily weight gain and slaughter performance of Albas cashmere goats through efficient fiber degradation, ammonia emission reduction, and protein optimization, showing significant progress compared with the prior art.

[0240] Horizontal test example 2

[0241] Comparison of the improvement of milk fat content in Saanen dairy goats

[0242] Experimental design:

[0243] Experimental group: The feeds of Examples 1-5 (each example is used as a separate group)

[0244] Control group:

[0245] Prior art 1 (CN118489810A): The sweet potato vine silage feed prepared according to Example 1 thereof (70% sweet potato vine + 20% corn flour + 3% Streptococcus lactis).

[0246] Prior art 2 (CN118556797A): The dairy goat feed prepared according to Example 1 thereof (basic diet + additive, containing encapsulated urea / vitamin C porous microspheres and Cordyceps flower fermentation products).

[0247] Feeding scheme:

[0248] Diet composition: The feed of the experimental group / control group accounts for 35% of the diet, and the silage corn accounts for 65%. Free access to food.

[0249] Test period: Continuously feed for 60 days. Record the milk production every day, and collect milk samples on the 60th day to detect the milk fat content.

[0250] Sample size: 10 healthy Saanen dairy goats in each group (similar lactation periods and consistent milk production baselines).

[0251] The test results are shown in Table 9.

[0252] Table 9 Comparison of the improvement of milk fat content in Saanen dairy goats

[0253]

[0254] The data analysis in Table 9 is as follows:

[0255] Milk fat content:

[0256] The milk fat content of Examples 1-5 (4.3 - 4.7%) is significantly higher than that of Prior art 1 (3.9%) and Prior art 2 (4.1%). The highest improvement rate reaches 20.51% (Example 2 compared with Prior art 1).

[0257] Technical advantages:

[0258] Miscellaneous grain flavonoids and rosemary extract: In Examples 1-5, miscellaneous grains such as buckwheat and sorghum are rich in flavonoids (such as rutin), combined with the antioxidant effect of rosemary extract (carnosic acid), which promotes mammary gland lipid synthesis.

[0259] Compound microbial fermentation: Saccharomyces boulardii and lactic acid bacteria synergistically produce short-chain fatty acids (such as propionic acid), which directly serve as milk fat precursor substances.

[0260] In the prior art 1, due to the single raw material (low protein content in sweet potato vines) and the lack of functional additives, the improvement of milk fat is limited; although the prior art 2 contains encapsulated urea, it is not optimized for milk fat synthesis.

[0261] Milk yield:

[0262] The average daily milk yields (3.2 - 3.6 kg) of Examples 1 - 5 are significantly higher than those of the prior art 1 (2.7 kg) and the prior art 2 (2.9 kg).

[0263] Technical advantages:

[0264] High - efficiency protein of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal: The crude protein digestibility of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal (82.4%) in the examples is much higher than that of the untreated soybean meal in the prior art 1 (58.7%), providing sufficient amino acids to support lactation.

[0265] Conclusion: In Examples 1 - 5 of the present invention, through the combination of miscellaneous grains, compound fermentation and functional additives, the milk fat content and milk yield are significantly improved, showing clear progress compared with the prior art.

[0266] The horizontal comparison summary is shown in Table 10.

[0267] Table 10 Horizontal comparison summary

[0268]

[0269] It can be seen from the above examples and test examples that: through the synergistic effect of the combination of miscellaneous grains, enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal, compound microbial fermentation and functional additives, the present invention has advantages over the existing miscellaneous grain feeds in milk fat synthesis, daily weight gain and feed efficiency, and the preparation conditions are mild, showing industrialization prospects.

[0270] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, based on the innovative concept of the present invention, any changes and modifications made to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structural or equivalent process transformations made using the content of the specification of the present invention, and directly or indirectly applying the above technical solutions to other related technical fields, are all included in the protection scope of the present invention patent.

Claims

1. A preparation method of miscellaneous grain feed for sheep, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Coarse grain pretreatment: Crush one or two coarse grains selected from buckwheat, broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, and sorghum to a particle size of 0.5 - 2 mm to obtain coarse grain powder; (2) Enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of soybean meal: Mix soybean meal with a composite enzyme preparation containing cellulase and neutral protease at a mass ratio of 50 - 150:1, hydrolyze at 45 - 55 °C for 1 - 3 hours, and dry to a water content of ≤10% after hydrolysis to obtain enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal; (3) Mixing and batching: By weight, mix 60 - 80 parts of coarse grain powder, 10 - 20 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal, 5 - 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 2 - 5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 - 2 parts of salt, 0.1 - 1 part of compound vitamin, 0.05 - 0.3 part of rosemary extract, and 0.1 - 0.5 part of inulin evenly; (4) Fermentation treatment: Add a composite bacterial solution accounting for 3 - 5% of the total mass of the mixture to the mixture. The composite bacterial solution contains Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces boulardii, and the total bacterial concentration is 10^7 - 10^9 CFU / mL; then adjust the water content to 45 - 55% and anaerobically ferment at 35 - 45 °C for 48 - 72 hours; (5) Functional enhancement: Add 0.2 - 0.5% of nano - zinc oxide and 0.1 - 0.3% of yucca extract by mass of the fermented material and mix evenly; (6) Granulation and drying: Extrude the mixture through a granulator into particles with a particle size of 3 - 5 mm, and dry at 60 - 70 °C to a water content of ≤12% to obtain the coarse grain feed for sheep.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The coarse grains are selected from one of the following combinations: a) Buckwheat and sorghum, with a mass ratio of 1:1 - 3:1; b) Broomcorn millet and foxtail millet, with a mass ratio of 1:1 - 2:1; c) Sorghum and broomcorn millet, with a mass ratio of 3:1 - 5:

1.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the composite bacterial solution in step (4), the inoculation amount ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces boulardii is (2 - 4):(1 - 3):(1 - 2).

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein Before the fermentation in step (4), it also includes adding 2 - 5% of cane molasses and 0.1 - 0.3% of xylanase by mass of the mixture.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes step (7): Spray 0.5 - 1% of a coating agent on the surface of the particles. The coating agent is composed of sodium alginate and chitosan at a mass ratio of 2:

1.

6. A miscellaneous grain feed for sheep, characterized in that, Prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 - 5.

7. Use of the miscellaneous grain feed for sheep according to claim 6 in the preparation of a daily diet for promoting the daily weight gain of Albas cashmere goats, characterized in that: Add this feed at 50 - 60 wt% of the daily ration.

8. Use of the miscellaneous grain feed for sheep according to claim 6 in the preparation of a diet for increasing the milk fat content of Saanen dairy goats, characterized in that: Add this feed at 30 - 40 wt% of the daily ration.

9. The application according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The daily ration consists of the coarse grain feed for sheep and silage corn.

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