Method for ecological restoration of southern degraded mountain meadow

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for ecological restoration of southern degraded mountain meadow, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration. According to the method, the composite coconut fiber blanket is laid in the to-be-restored mountain meadow area, the three-layer structure of the macroporous bonding soil fixing layer, the fertilizer retaining layer and the grass seed sowing layer is arranged in the composite coconut fiber blanket, the macroporous bonding soil fixing layer has the water retention and soil fixing effects, the fertilizer retaining layer can increase the soil fertility, a good growth environment is created for grass seeds, and the grass seeds can be planted in the soil. The grass seed sowing layer can restore the meadow, finally the ecological effect that the degenerated area meadow caused by the high treading frequency rapidly revives green is achieved, the survival rate of transplanted seedlings can be increased, the meadow restoration time is shortened, and meanwhile the restored mountain meadow is prevented from being degenerated after being manually treaded again.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south. Background Art

[0002] As an important type of grassland ecosystem, mountain meadows have ecological functions such as regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity, and preventing soil erosion. However, the landscape of mountain meadows is vulnerable to multiple factors such as natural geomorphic conditions, pests and diseases, and human interference, which can easily cause meadow degradation and damage to its ecosystem. In recent years, due to frequent human activities such as tourism, the vegetation coverage of meadows has decreased, resulting in meadow degradation.

[0003] Currently, there are many studies on the damaged mid-mountain meadow ecosystem in China, but few practical studies on restoration work, especially the ecological restoration and treatment of degraded areas in tourist resorts. There is no mature research yet. It should be noted that the mid-mountain meadow system is different from general grassland ecosystems due to its special altitude, climate conditions, and soil conditions. Most current studies are to apply fertilizers in degraded meadows to promote the growth of meadows, but this method is not ideal for the restoration of degraded areas with a high frequency of human trampling. Therefore, how to carry out ecological restoration of degraded areas of southern mountain meadows under frequent human trampling, protect biodiversity, and maintain and improve the productivity of mid-mountain meadow-like grasslands is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] As an important tourism development resource in the current southern meadow distribution area, the southern mountain meadows above 1500m altitude are favored by young outdoor hiking enthusiasts and backpackers. Due to the high altitude, changeable climate, and mainly distributed along the ridge line of the mountain meadows, the arbitrary trampling and tent pitching by tourists will have an important impact on the mountain meadows, resulting in serious meadow degradation, reduced meadow biodiversity, and soil erosion and other problems. To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for ecological restoration of degraded southern mountain meadows, which can quickly restore degraded mountain meadows.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of degraded southern mountain meadows, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Enclose, level the land and fertilize the mountain meadow to be restored, and then lay a composite coir blanket to complete the ecological restoration of the mountain meadow;

[0008] The composite coconut coir blanket is composed of a large-pore adhesive soil layer, a fertilizer-retaining layer, and a grass seed sowing layer; the large-pore adhesive soil layer is formed by spraying grass fiber, soil adhesive, and nutrient soil on the coconut coir blanket; the fertilizer-retaining layer is formed by spreading nutrient soil on the large-pore adhesive soil layer; the grass seed sowing layer is formed by sowing grass seeds on the surface of the fertilizer-retaining layer.

[0009] Technical principle: In the present invention, a composite coconut coir blanket is laid in the area of the mountain meadow to be repaired. The composite coconut coir blanket is provided with a three-layer structure of a large-pore adhesive soil layer, a fertilizer-retaining layer, and a grass seed sowing layer. The large-pore adhesive soil layer has the function of water and soil conservation. The fertilizer-retaining layer can increase soil fertility and create a good growth environment for grass seeds. The grass seed sowing layer can repair the meadow. Finally, the ecological effect of quickly restoring the greenery of the degraded area of the meadow caused by high trampling frequency is achieved. It can also improve the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings, shorten the meadow restoration time, and prevent the restored mountain meadow from degrading again after being trampled by humans.

[0010] Further, the plowing depth of the land preparation is 0.2 m; the shape of the land preparation is a stepped strip shape, the length follows the terrain, and the width is 0.5 - 0.6 m.

[0011] Further, the fertilizer for fertilization is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer. The fertilization time is from March to May every year, and the fertilization amount is 60 g / m 2 。

[0012] Further, the thickness ratio of the large-pore adhesive soil layer to the fertilizer-retaining layer is 3∶3; the grass seed sowing amount of the grass seed sowing layer is 30 g / m 2 。

[0013] Further, the mass ratio of the grass fiber, soil adhesive, and nutrient soil is 60∶10∶30.

[0014] Further, the grass fiber is selected from coconut coir fiber.

[0015] Further, the soil adhesive is selected from the ecological restoration and greening adhesive RQ - 808 of Green Alliance Ecology.

[0016] Further, the nutrient soil in the large-pore adhesive soil layer and the fertilizer-retaining layer is all composed of peat soil, local soil, and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 30∶50∶20.

[0017] Further, the length of the coconut coir blanket is 2 m, the width is 0.5 - 0.6 m, and the thickness is 0.04 m.

[0018] Further, the grass seeds are selected from one or more of Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella anomala, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Carex spp., and Plantago asiatica.

[0019] Furthermore, the method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south specifically includes the following steps:

[0020] (1) Enclosing the sample plot: Enclose the mountain meadow to be restored using a ring - type or surrounding - type grassland net.

[0021] (2) Land preparation: Clean surface debris such as large stones and garbage in the area; plow and prepare the soil within a depth of 0.2 m in the area, and shape the gentle slope into a stepped strip.

[0022] (3) Applying base fertilizer: During land preparation, apply nitrogen - phosphorus - potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 60 g / m 2 by broadcasting.

[0023] (4) Laying a composite coir blanket: Cut the coir blanket into pieces with a length of 2 m and a width of 0.5 - 0.6 m, and spread it on the stepped platforms in the restoration area. Nail a coir fixing nail every 0.7 m around the perimeter to prevent the composite coir blanket from being blown away by strong winds; then spray grass fiber, soil binder, and nutrient soil on the coir blanket to form a large - pore adhesive soil layer, then spread nutrient soil on the large - pore adhesive soil layer to form a fertilizer - retaining layer, and then sow grass seeds on the surface of the fertilizer - retaining layer to form a grass - seed sowing layer, thus completing the ecological restoration of the mountain meadow.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0025] The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south provided by the present invention overcomes the problem of low survival rate of grass seeds caused by the direct transplanting method in meadow degradation areas with a high frequency of human trampling. By using a coir blanket and setting up a three - layer structure of a large - pore adhesive soil layer, a fertilizer - retaining layer, and a grass - seed sowing layer to address the problem of post - restoration re - degradation, it can achieve the ecological effect of quickly greening the meadows in degraded areas caused by a high frequency of trampling, and can also improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, prevent the re - degradation of the restored grassland, and has good application value. Moreover, as a natural plant material, the coir blanket has no pollution to the soil environment for meadow restoration, and can be naturally degraded 4 - 5 months later as the restored grass seeds grow, providing secondary organic fertilizer for the grass seeds. Compared with the conventional restoration method of directly planting seedlings or sowing seeds on mountain meadows, it can shorten the meadow restoration time by 15 - 20 days. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] The present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south, including the following steps:

[0029] Enclose, prepare the land, and fertilize the mountain meadow to be restored, then lay a composite coconut coir blanket to complete the ecological restoration of the mountain meadow;

[0030] The composite coconut coir blanket is composed of a large-pore adhesive soil layer, a fertilizer-retaining layer, and a grass seed sowing layer; the large-pore adhesive soil layer is formed by spraying grass fiber, soil adhesive, and nutrient soil on the coconut coir blanket; the fertilizer-retaining layer is formed by spreading nutrient soil on the large-pore adhesive soil layer; the grass seed sowing layer is formed by sowing grass seeds on the surface of the fertilizer-retaining layer. For the first time in the present invention, grass fiber, soil adhesive, and nutrient soil are sprayed on the coconut coir blanket to form a water and soil conservation basic layer, and for the second time, nutrient soil is spread to increase soil fertility and create a good growth environment for grass seeds, and for the third time, grass seeds are sown to repair the meadow.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the process of enclosing is specifically: using a loop-type or surrounding-type grass enclosure net to enclose the mountain meadow to be restored.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the process of preparing the land is specifically: cleaning up garbage, large stones, etc. in the area of the mountain meadow to be restored, then plowing and preparing the land, and arranging it into stepped strip shapes.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the plowing depth of preparing the land is 0.2 m; the shape of preparing the land is stepped strip-shaped, with the length following the terrain and the width being 0.5 - 0.6 m.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the fertilizer for fertilization is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, the fertilization time is from March to May every year, and the fertilization amount is 60 g / m 2 ; the compound fertilizer is added during the process of preparing the land.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness ratio of the large-pore adhesive soil layer to the fertilizer-retaining layer is 3∶3; the grass seed sowing amount of the grass seed sowing layer is 30 g / m 2 .

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the grass fiber, soil binder, and nutrient soil is 60:10:30. The grass fiber in the present invention can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, absorb and store rainwater or irrigation water, and increase the water-holding capacity of the soil; the soil binder can improve the aggregate structure of the soil, increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil, and effectively prevent soil erosion caused by rainwater scouring; the organic matter and microorganisms in the nutrient soil can improve the soil structure, form aggregate structures of soil particles, and enhance the stability and erosion resistance of the soil; by using these three materials, namely grass fiber, soil binder, and nutrient soil, a water-retaining and soil-fixing base layer is formed.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the grass fiber is selected from coconut coir fiber.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the soil binder is selected from the ecological restoration and greening binder RQ-808 of Green Alliance Ecology.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the nutrient soil in both the large-pore adhesive soil layer and the fertilizer-retaining layer is composed of peat soil, native soil, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 30:50:20.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the length of the coconut coir blanket is 2 m, the width is 0.5 - 0.6 m, and the thickness is 0.04 m; the structure of the coconut coir blanket is a three-dimensional network structure. The three-dimensional network structure is beneficial to the penetration and growth of plant roots, and at the same time improves the anti-scouring ability of the coconut coir blanket.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, slow-release fertilizer particles are also embedded in the coconut coir blanket; the slow-release fertilizer particles are selected from sulfur-coated urea. By embedding slow-release fertilizer particles in the coconut coir blanket in the present invention, nutrients are continuously released to meet the nutrient requirements during the growth process of plants, while reducing nutrient loss and environmental pollution.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the grass seeds are selected from one or more of Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Carex cruciata, and Plantago asiatica.

[0043] The main constructive species of southern mountain meadows are Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Carex cruciata, and Plantago asiatica.

[0044] Miscanthus: A perennial herbaceous plant of the Poaceae family, with culms 1 - 2 m tall. The leaf sheaths are glabrous and longer than their internodes; the ligule is membranous, and the leaf blades are linear, 20 - 50 cm long and 6 - 10 mm wide, with sparse pubescence and white powder on the lower surface, and the margins are rough. The panicle is erect, 15 - 40 cm long, the main axis is glabrous, extending below the middle of the inflorescence, and there is pubescence in the axils of the nodes and branches; the spikelets are lanceolate.

[0045] Arundinella anomala: A perennial herb, with relatively thick rhizomes that can reach up to 10 cm long, densely covered with multi-veined scales. The culms are erect, sparsely tufted, 60 - 110 cm tall, sometimes the lower several nodes near the ground are inclined and have adventitious roots, hard, the nodes are dark brown, with beards or glabrous. The leaf sheaths are glabrous or covered with warty hairs; the ligule is short, with a rounded convex upper margin.

[0046] Fimbristylis dichotoma: A herb. The culms are tufted. The whole plant is glabrous or has sparse pubescence. The leaves are linear, shorter than the culms; the bases of the sheaths are leathery. The leafy bracts below the inflorescence are 3 - 4, often 1 - 2, longer than the inflorescence. The cyme is compound or simple; the spikelets are ovate or oblong-ovate, with many flowers; the scales are ovate or oblong, brownish-brown, shiny, with 3 - 5 veins.

[0047] Carex: A perennial herb, with culms tufted or scattered, growing in the middle or laterally, often with bladeless sheaths at the base. The leaves are basal or have both basal and cauline leaves. The flowers are unisexual, with 1 female flower or 1 male flower forming 1 spikelet branchlet, usually monoecious, rarely dioecious, racemose or paniculate. The utricles are trigonous, plano-convex or biconvex, with a beak of varying length. The nutlets are more or less tightly enclosed in the utricles, trigonous or plano-convex.

[0048] Plantago asiatica: A biennial or perennial herb. It has numerous fibrous roots. The rhizome is short and slightly thick. The leaves are basal, forming a rosette, lying flat, spreading obliquely or erect; the leaf blades are thinly papery or papery, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 4 - 12 cm long and 2.5 - 6.5 cm wide, with the apex obtuse to acute, the margins wavy, entire or with serrations, teeth or lobes below the middle, the base broadly cuneate or nearly circular, somewhat decurrent, with sparse short pubescence on both surfaces.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the embodiments of the present invention are all obtained through commercial channels.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] A method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south, the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] (1) Enclose the sample plot: Enclose the mountain meadow to be restored with a surrounding type grassland net; the mountain meadow to be restored is selected from the degraded meadow area of Wugong Mountain, Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province (the area of the region is 200 m 2 ).

[0053] (2) Site preparation: Remove surface debris such as large stones and garbage in the area; plow and prepare the soil within a depth of 0.2 m in the area, and shape the gentle slope into stepped strips with a length following the terrain and a width of 0.5 m.

[0054] (3) Apply base fertilizer: During the site preparation process, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 60 g / m 2 by broadcasting, and select the application date in March - May.

[0055] (4) Lay composite coir blankets: Cut coir blankets with a thickness of 0.04 m into pieces of 2 m in length and 0.5 m in width, and spread them flat on the stepped platforms in the restoration area. Fix a coir fixing nail every 0.7 m around the perimeter to prevent the coir blankets from being blown away by strong winds; then spray coir fibers, ecological restoration greening adhesive RQ - 808, and nutrient soil onto the coir blankets to form a large - pore bonded soil layer, then spread nutrient soil on the large - pore bonded soil layer to form a fertilizer - retaining layer, and then sow Carex breviculmis seeds on the fertilizer - retaining layer to form a grass - seed sowing layer; among them, the thickness ratio of the large - pore bonded soil layer to the fertilizer - retaining layer is 3∶3, the seeding rate of Carex breviculmis seeds in the grass - seed sowing layer is 30 g / m 2 , and the mass ratio of coir fibers, ecological restoration greening adhesive RQ - 808, and nutrient soil is 60∶10∶30; the nutrient soil in both the large - pore bonded soil layer and the fertilizer - retaining layer is composed of peat soil, local soil, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 30∶50∶20.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The difference from Example 1 is only that step (3) is omitted, and the others are the same as Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] The difference from Example 1 is only that step (4) is omitted, and the others are the same as Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] (1) Remove surface debris such as large stones and garbage in the mountain meadow area to be restored; plow and prepare the soil within a depth of 0.2 m in the area, and shape the gentle slope into stepped strips;

[0062] (2) Re - plant Carex breviculmis seedlings on the stepped platforms in the restoration area.

[0063] Comparative Example 4

[0064] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (4), the macroporous bonding and soil-fixing layer is omitted. Specifically, step (4) is as follows: Cut the coir blanket with a thickness of 0.04 m into a size of 2 m in length and 0.5 m in width, lay it flat on the stepped platforms in the restoration area, and nail a coir fixing nail every 0.7 m around to prevent the coir blanket from being blown away by strong winds; then spray nutrient soil on the coir blanket to form a fertilizer-holding layer, and then sow Carex breviculmis seeds on the fertilizer-holding layer to form a grass seed sowing layer; among them, the sowing rate of Carex breviculmis seeds in the grass seed sowing layer is 30 g / m 2 , and the nutrient soil is composed of peat soil, local soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 30∶50∶20, and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 5

[0066] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (4), the fertilizer-holding layer is omitted. Specifically, step (4) is as follows: Cut the coir blanket with a thickness of 0.04 m into a size of 2 m in length and 0.5 m in width, lay it flat on the stepped platforms in the restoration area, and nail a coir fixing nail every 0.7 m around to prevent the coir blanket from being blown away by strong winds; then spray coir fiber, ecological restoration greening adhesive RQ-808 and nutrient soil on the coir blanket to form a macroporous bonding and soil-fixing layer, and then sow Carex breviculmis seeds on the macroporous bonding and soil-fixing layer to form a grass seed sowing layer; among them, the sowing rate of Carex breviculmis seeds in the grass seed sowing layer is 30 g / m 2 , and the mass ratio of coir fiber, ecological restoration greening adhesive RQ-808 and nutrient soil is 60∶10∶30, and the nutrient soil is composed of peat soil, local soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 30∶50∶20, and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0067] The survival rates of the grass seeds in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1

[0069]

[0070] As can be seen from Table 1, in Example 1, the restoration method of sowing grass seeds is adopted, and the survival rate of the grass seeds is 84.7%. In Comparative Example 1, the step of applying base fertilizer is omitted, and the survival rate of the grass seeds is 80.4%; in Comparative Example 2, the step of laying the composite coir blanket is omitted, and the survival rate of the grass seeds is 62.1%; in Comparative Example 3, the conventional restoration method is adopted, and the survival rate of the grass seeds is only 30.2%. In Comparative Examples 4-5, due to the omission of the macroporous bonding and soil-fixing layer and the fertilizer-holding layer respectively, the survival rates of the grass seeds have all decreased to varying degrees, indicating that the macroporous bonding and soil-fixing layer, the fertilizer-holding layer and the grass seed sowing layer in the present invention have a synergistic effect.

[0071] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Enclose, prepare the land and fertilize the mountain meadow to be restored, then lay a composite coconut coir blanket to complete the ecological restoration of the mountain meadow; The composite coconut coir blanket is composed of a large-pore bonding and solidifying soil layer, a fertilizer-retaining layer and a grass seed sowing layer; the large-pore bonding and solidifying soil layer is formed by spraying grass fiber, soil binder and nutrient soil on the coconut coir blanket; the fertilizer-retaining layer is formed by spreading nutrient soil on the large-pore bonding and solidifying soil layer; the grass seed sowing layer is formed by sowing grass seeds on the surface of the fertilizer-retaining layer.

2. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tillage depth of the land preparation is 0.2 m; the shape of the land preparation is a stepped strip shape, with the length following the terrain and the width being 0.5 - 0.6 m.

3. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer for fertilization is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. The fertilization time is from March to May every year, and the fertilization amount is 60 g / m 2 .

4. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, wherein The thickness ratio of the macroporous adhesion and consolidation soil layer to the fertilizer retention layer is 3:3; the seeding rate of the grass seed sowing layer is 30 g / m 2 .

5. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the grass fiber, soil binder and nutrient soil is 60∶10∶30.

6. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grass fiber is selected from coconut coir fiber.

7. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil binder is selected from the ecological restoration greening binder RQ-808.

8. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient soil in both the large-pore bonding and solidifying soil layer and the fertilizer-retaining layer is composed of peat soil, native soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 30∶50∶20.

9. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the coconut coir blanket is 2 m, the width is 0.5 - 0.6 m, and the thickness is 0.04 m.

10. The method for ecological restoration of degraded mountain meadows in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grass seeds are selected from one or several of Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella anomala, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Carex spp. and Plantago asiatica.

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