A water-coal separation device matched with a TBM and a circulating method

Abstract

The application discloses a water-coal separation device matched with a TBM rear end and a circulating method, relates to the technical field of TBM coal connection processes, and comprises a separation unit, a stirring assembly fixed to the top of a flow guide shell, and a first conveying assembly arranged in the flow guide shell. The application has the beneficial effect of effectively dealing with the uneven characteristics of TBM coal products and gangue particle sizes in the water-coal mixture generated by the TBM process by adopting the shunt pipe and the stirring assembly, and realizing efficient separation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of TBM rock tunneling coal receiving technology, and in particular to a water-coal separation device and circulation method located after the TBM. Background Technology

[0002] Full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) offer high tunneling efficiency, with an average monthly tunneling rate exceeding 500 m / s, 3-5 times that of traditional drill-and-blast methods. In coal mines, TBMs significantly improve rock tunnel development efficiency, alleviate mining-tunneling imbalances, and reduce safety management delays. During coal mine rock tunnel development, due to the undulating nature of multiple coal seams, TBMs inevitably traverse coal seams. Due to the risk of coal and gas outbursts, current regulations prohibit TBMs from directly tunneling into coal seams. To address this, directional drilling combined with high-pressure water jetting is introduced. While maintaining a safe distance, directional drilling reaches the designated coal seam location. Gas is first extracted to below a specified concentration, then high-pressure water is injected to break up the coal seam, forming a coal-water mixture, which is then pumped to the TBM's downstream area for treatment. Afterward, filling slurry is injected, and once solidified, the TBM can proceed as if tunneling through ordinary rock strata to complete the coal seam crossing. The coal-water mixture formed in this industry differs significantly from traditional coal mining methods: the moisture content is as high as 70-85%, the coal slime particle size distribution is mainly fine (less than 0.5 mm), and it also contains varying proportions of medium-sized and lumpy coal and gangue. This complexity of particle size distribution makes it difficult for traditional single separation technologies to handle efficiently. Existing coal-water separation technologies are mostly designed for traditional coal mining processes, such as conventional hydrocyclone separation, flotation, and heavy media separation. These methods have insufficient adaptability when dealing with high-moisture, fine-particle coal-water mixtures. In particular, existing technologies cannot meet the special requirements of this process in terms of separation efficiency, wastewater treatment, and water resource recycling. In addition, traditional separation equipment has a complex structure, occupies a large area, and cannot be flexibly deployed in the confined space of underground mines.

[0003] The main problems with current coal-water separation technology include: First, the treatment devices are not targeted enough, failing to fully consider the characteristics of the coal-water mixture formed by high-pressure water jetting and extraction, resulting in low separation efficiency; second, the wastewater treatment system generated during the separation process is not well connected with the main separation device, resulting in low recovery rate of fine particulate matter in the wastewater; third, the degree of water resource recycling is not high, and closed-loop treatment has not been achieved; fourth, the system integration is insufficient, and the coordination between equipment is poor, resulting in low overall operating efficiency; fifth, the device's operating parameter adjustment capability is limited, making it difficult to adapt to different working conditions; and sixth, the device design is relatively bulky, making it unable to be integrated with the TBM and adapt to the narrow space of TBM tunneling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above or prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a water-coal separation device located downstream of a TBM, which can solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a water-coal separation device located after a TBM, comprising a separation unit, including a guide shell, a toggle assembly fixed to the top of the guide shell, and a first transport assembly disposed inside the guide shell;

[0007] The sedimentation unit includes a dosing tank disposed at the bottom of the flow guide shell, a mixing tank disposed at the bottom of the dosing tank, a first sedimentation tank disposed on one side of the dosing tank and the mixing tank, a second sedimentation tank disposed on one side of the first sedimentation tank, a pumping assembly respectively connecting the mixing tank and the first sedimentation tank and the first sedimentation tank and the second sedimentation tank, a manifold connecting the first sedimentation tank and the second sedimentation tank, and a second conveying assembly disposed inside the first sedimentation tank.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the water-coal separation device located downstream of the TBM according to the present invention, it further includes: a support unit comprising a base plate, a pair of long plates and a pair of short plates fixed around the base plate, a horizontal plate fixed between the pair of long plates, and a plurality of support seats fixed to the upper surface of the base plate; and,

[0009] Several solenoid valves; the solenoid valves are respectively fixed to the bottom of the dosing tank and the lower side wall of the first sedimentation tank.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the water-coal separation device located after the TBM according to the present invention, the guide shell includes a conveying port, an inclined plate fixed to the bottom of the guide shell, a discharge port opened on one side of the inclined plate, a first diversion pipe fixed to the top of the discharge port, and a second diversion pipe fixed to the bottom of the discharge port.

[0011] Both the first and second branch pipes have arc-shaped cross-sections and densely packed filter openings at the bottom.

[0012] The actuation assembly includes a zigzag plate, a first motor fixed to the upper surface of the zigzag plate, a rocker plate fixed to the shaft end of the first motor, a connecting rod hinged to one side of the rocker arm, and a piston plate hinged to the other end of the connecting rod.

[0013] The zigzag plate includes a movable groove at its top and a limiting cylinder fixed to the bottom of the movable groove;

[0014] The rocker includes a rocker arm fixed to one side surface;

[0015] The piston plate includes a piston rod fixed to its bottom;

[0016] The first transport assembly includes an L-shaped plate, a second motor fixed to the surface of the L-shaped plate, a first spiral rod fixed to the shaft end of the second motor, a first pulley fixed to the body of the first spiral rod, a second spiral rod disposed around the first spiral rod, a second pulley fixed to the body of the second spiral rod, and a belt cooperating with the first pulley and the second pulley.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the water-coal separation device located after the TBM according to the present invention, the dosing tank includes a water injection pipe fixed to its top and a first water outlet pipe fixed to the bottom of the dosing tank.

[0018] The mixing tank includes a second outlet pipe fixed to its bottom.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the water-coal separation device located downstream of the TBM described in this invention, the first sedimentation tank includes a third water outlet pipe fixed to the bottom of its side wall, a settling trough opened on one side of the bottom of the first sedimentation tank and adjacent to the third water outlet pipe, a sealing pipe fixed to one side of the settling trough and extending obliquely, a sealing cover fixed to the opening of the sealing pipe, a plurality of flow-blocking plates fixed to the side wall of the first sedimentation tank, and a plurality of pairs of mounting grooves opened on the top of the first sedimentation tank.

[0020] The sealing cover includes a discharge port opened on its side wall, a drive tube fixed to the side wall of the sealing cover, and a straight plate fixed to the side wall of the sealing cover.

[0021] The second sedimentation tank includes several mounting holes opened on its side wall, a drain pipe fixed to the side wall of the second sedimentation tank and extending to the outside, and a fourth water outlet pipe fixed to the bottom of the second sedimentation tank.

[0022] The drain pipe includes an upward-facing overflow trough located on its side wall.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the water-coal separation device located downstream of the TBM according to the present invention, the manifold includes a water collection trough formed in its pipe wall; the manifold is through on one side.

[0024] The second conveying assembly includes a third helical rod, an isolation plate and a worm gear fixed to one end of the third helical rod, a third motor fixed to the surface of the plate, and a worm gear fixed to the shaft end of the third motor.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the water-coal separation device located after the TBM according to the present invention, the pumping assembly includes a sludge pump, a first connecting pipe fixed at the inlet of the sludge pump, a second connecting pipe fixed at the outlet of the sludge pump, and a diversion pipe fixed at the end of the second connecting pipe.

[0026] The diversion pipe includes several diversion ports opened on its side wall and facing downwards.

[0027] To further solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a circulating method for water-coal separation located after TBM, comprising: introducing the water-coal mixture generated by the TBM process into the separation unit, conveying the recovered coal and gangue to the corresponding diversion pipelines respectively by the density difference separation principle, and introducing the mixture of fine-particle materials and water into the sedimentation unit.

[0028] A flocculant is added to the mixture, and the sediment and supernatant are separated by multi-stage sedimentation. The sediment is discharged and the supernatant is collected.

[0029] The supernatant is transported to the TBM process water jet system for recycling.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the circulating method for water-coal separation located after the TBM according to the present invention, the separation unit includes a flow guide shell and a toggle assembly, and the corresponding diversion pipeline includes a first diversion pipe and a second diversion pipe;

[0031] The process of introducing the water-coal mixture formed by high-pressure water jet cutting during TBM tunneling into the separation unit specifically involves introducing the water-coal mixture into the guide shell through the conveying port.

[0032] The principle of separating recovered coal and gangue through density difference is used to transport them to the corresponding diversion pipes. Specifically, the agitator is activated to generate liquid surface fluctuations, causing the recovered coal to float to the upper layer and enter the first diversion pipe, while the gangue settles and enters the second diversion pipe through the discharge port.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the circulating method for water-coal separation located after the TBM described in this invention, the step of introducing the mixture of fine-particle material and water into the sedimentation unit specifically involves allowing the fine-particle material and water to flow into the sedimentation unit through a filter port.

[0034] The precipitation unit includes a dosing tank, a mixing tank, a first precipitation tank, and a second precipitation tank;

[0035] The addition of flocculant to the mixture specifically involves adding flocculant to the dosing tank through a water injection pipe, and the flocculant flowing into the mixing tank through the first water outlet pipe to mix with the mixture.

[0036] The process of separating precipitates and supernatant through multi-stage sedimentation involves, specifically, the mixture being pumped to the first sedimentation tank for primary sedimentation, and the supernatant flowing into the second sedimentation tank through a manifold for secondary sedimentation.

[0037] The step of transporting the upper clear liquid to the TBM process water jet system for recycling specifically involves collecting the clear water overflowing from the drain pipe of the second sedimentation tank and returning the clear water that meets the water quality requirements to the TBM process water jet system.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By employing a diversion pipe and actuation components, it effectively addresses the uneven particle size characteristics of TBM coal products and gangue in the coal-water mixture formed during TBM tunneling using high-pressure water jet cutting, achieving efficient separation; secondly, the use of a two-stage sedimentation structure and dedicated conveying components improves the capture and treatment efficiency of fine-particle suspended solids; thirdly, the system has a high degree of integration, with each unit working in concert to form a complete treatment-recycling system; finally, it has a compact structure, is easy to operate, and is easy to deploy and maintain on-site in the mine; simultaneously, it achieves efficient recycling of water resources, reducing production costs and environmental impact. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 This is an overall three-dimensional view of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the entire invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the separation unit of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the first transport component of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the precipitation unit of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the connection relationship of the first sedimentation tank of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a structural view of the dosing tank and mixing tank of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a structural view of the first sedimentation tank of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 9 This is a structural view of the second sedimentation tank of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 10 This is an overall top view of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 AA full sectional view.

[0051] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 10 BB full sectional view.

[0052] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 10 CC full sectional view. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0055] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single embodiment or an embodiment selectively excluded from other embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] Reference Figures 1-13 This is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a water-coal separation device located after the TBM, which includes a separation unit 1, including a guide shell 11, a toggle assembly 12 fixed to the top of the guide shell 11, and a first transport assembly 13 disposed inside the guide shell 11.

[0058] The sedimentation unit 2 includes a dosing tank 21 disposed at the bottom of the flow guide shell 11, a mixing tank 22 disposed at the bottom of the dosing tank 21, a first sedimentation tank 23 disposed on one side of the dosing tank 21 and the mixing tank 22, a second sedimentation tank 24 disposed on one side of the first sedimentation tank 23, a pumping assembly 25 respectively connecting the mixing tank 22 and the first sedimentation tank 23 and the first sedimentation tank 23 and the second sedimentation tank 24, a manifold 26 connecting the first sedimentation tank 23 and the second sedimentation tank 24, and a second conveying assembly 27 disposed inside the first sedimentation tank 23.

[0059] Furthermore, it also includes a support unit 3, comprising a base plate 31, a pair of long plates 32 and a pair of short plates 33 fixed around the base plate 31, a horizontal plate 34 fixed between the pair of long plates 32, and a plurality of support seats 35 fixed to the upper surface of the base plate 31; and,

[0060] Several solenoid valves 4 are fixed to the bottom of the dosing tank 21 and the lower side wall of the first sedimentation tank 23, respectively.

[0061] Furthermore, the guide shell 11 includes a conveying port 111, an inclined plate 112 fixed to the bottom of the guide shell 11, a discharge port 113 opened on one side of the inclined plate 112, a first diversion pipe 114 fixed to the top of the discharge port 113, and a second diversion pipe 115 fixed to the bottom of the discharge port 113.

[0062] The first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115 both have arc-shaped cross sections, and both have densely packed filter ports M at the bottom.

[0063] The actuation assembly 12 includes a zigzag plate 121, a first motor 122 fixed to the upper surface of the zigzag plate 121, a rocker plate 123 fixed to the shaft end of the first motor 122, a connecting rod 124 hinged to one side of the rocker plate 123, and a piston plate 125 hinged to the other end of the connecting rod 124.

[0064] The zigzag board 121 includes a movable groove 1211 opened on its top and a limiting cylinder 1212 fixed to the bottom of the movable groove 1211;

[0065] The rocker plate 123 includes a rocker arm 1231 fixed to one side surface thereon;

[0066] The piston plate 125 includes a piston rod 1251 fixed to its bottom;

[0067] The first transport assembly 13 includes an L-shaped plate 131, a second motor 132 fixed to the surface of the L-shaped plate 131, a first spiral rod 133 fixed to the shaft end of the second motor 132, a first pulley 134 fixed to the body of the first spiral rod 133, a second spiral rod 135 disposed around the first spiral rod 133, a second pulley 136 fixed to the body of the second spiral rod 135, and a belt 137 cooperating with the first pulley 134 and the second pulley 136.

[0068] Furthermore, the dosing tank 21 includes a water injection pipe 211 fixed to its top and a first water outlet pipe 212 fixed to the bottom of the dosing tank 21.

[0069] The mixing tank 22 includes a second outlet pipe 221 fixed to its bottom.

[0070] Furthermore, the first sedimentation tank 23 includes a third outlet pipe 231 fixed to the bottom of its side wall, a sedimentation trough 232 opened on one side of the bottom of the first sedimentation tank 23 and adjacent to the third outlet pipe 231, a sealing pipe 233 fixed to one side of the sedimentation trough 232 and extending obliquely, a sealing cover 234 fixed to the opening of the sealing pipe 233, a plurality of flow baffles 235 fixed to the side wall of the first sedimentation tank 23, and a plurality of pairs of mounting grooves 236 opened on the top of the first sedimentation tank 23.

[0071] The sealing cover 234 includes a discharge port 2341 opened on its side wall, a drive tube 2342 fixed to the side wall of the sealing cover 234, and a straight plate 2343 fixed to the side wall of the sealing cover 234.

[0072] The second sedimentation tank 24 includes a plurality of mounting holes 241 formed on its side wall, a drain pipe 242 fixed to the side wall of the second sedimentation tank 24 and extending to the outside, and a fourth water outlet pipe 243 fixed to the bottom of the second sedimentation tank 24.

[0073] The drain pipe 242 includes an overflow trough 2421 formed on its side wall and facing upward.

[0074] Furthermore, the manifold 26 includes a water collection trough 261 formed in its wall; the manifold 26 is through on one side.

[0075] The second conveying assembly 27 includes a third screw rod 271, an isolation plate 272 and a worm gear 273 fixed to one end of the third screw rod 271, a third motor 274 fixed to the surface of the straight plate 2343, and a worm 275 fixed to the shaft end of the third motor 274.

[0076] Furthermore, the pumping assembly 25 includes a sludge pump 251, a first connecting pipe 252 fixed at the inlet of the sludge pump 251, a second connecting pipe 253 fixed at the outlet of the sludge pump 251, and a diversion pipe 254 fixed at the end of the second connecting pipe 253.

[0077] The diversion pipe 254 includes a number of diversion ports 2541 opened on its side wall and facing downward.

[0078] It should be noted that after processing by the sorting device, the TBM coal-water mixture is separated into recyclable TBM coal products, hereinafter referred to as "recycled coal", gangue and coal slurry wastewater.

[0079] Preferably, the base plate 31 in the support unit 3 can support the sedimentation unit 2 and the two are connected by bolts. A pair of long plates 32 and a pair of short plates 33 are fixed to the four edges of the base plate 31 by bolts, forming a box shape. A cross plate 34 is also fixed between the two long plates 32 for fixing the dosing tank 21. Two support seats 35 are also fixed to the upper surface of the base plate 31 by bolts, which can raise the mixing tank 22 and the second sedimentation tank 24, so that the liquid medium collected at the bottom of the tank can be discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the mixing tank 22 and the second sedimentation tank 24. In addition, it also facilitates the laying of pipelines.

[0080] It should be noted that hooks are also fixed on the side wall of the base plate 31. In this embodiment, the hooks are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the base plate 31, so the base plate 31 can be dragged behind the TBM device from any two directions. In order to ensure that the water-coal separation operation is continuous and efficient, the water-coal separation device involved in this application will be continuously dragged to the new working location as the TBM device advances.

[0081] Preferably, the guide shell 11 is fixed to each of the long plates 32 and one of the short plates 33 by bolts on its edges. The tail conveyor 111 is located above the other short plate 33 and is also fixed by bolts. It is used to input the water-coal mixture, and the input method includes, but is not limited to, belt conveyor and pipeline conveying. The bottom of the guide shell 11 is fixed with an inclined plate 112, which allows the water-coal mixture to flow by gravity to the end of the inclined plate 112, that is, the discharge port 113 facing away from the conveyor 111. A second diverter pipe 115 is fixed below the discharge port 113, and a first diverter pipe 114 is fixed above the second diverter pipe 115, that is, above the discharge port 113.

[0082] The first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115 both have arc-shaped cross-sections. One end of each is fixed to the side wall of the guide shell 11 and they are aligned vertically. Dense filter ports M are provided at the bottom of both diversion pipes, and the other end is an open port extending out of the long plate 32 for discharging materials.

[0083] Reference Figure 11The dashed line H represents the liquid level line of the coal-water mixture. Extending horizontally and located slightly below the side wall of the first diversion pipe 114, it facilitates maintaining the liquid level. Since the coal-water mixture contains coal particles and gangue particles generated during the high-pressure water jet process, they can be separated based on their different densities using their buoyancy and sinking characteristics. Specifically, in the coal-water mixture generated by the TBM high-pressure water jet process, there is a significant density difference between the coal and gangue densities. Under static or slightly vibrating conditions, the less dense recovered coal particles tend to float to the vicinity of the liquid level line, while the denser gangue particles sink to the bottom. This device utilizes this physical difference, enhancing this stratification effect through the pulsating action of the piston plate 125. This allows the floating recovered coal to pass over the side wall of the first diversion pipe 114 and enter it, while the settled gangue enters the second diversion pipe 115 through the discharge port 113. The remaining coal-slurry-containing wastewater flows out from top to bottom through each filter port M.

[0084] Based on the actual application of TBM technology, the particle size distribution in the coal-water mixture is usually uneven. Most of the coal particles are crushed into fine particles during high-pressure water jetting, but there will still be a certain proportion of medium-sized particles and a small amount of larger lumps of recycled coal. Gangue particles are harder than coal, and the degree of crushing under high-pressure water jetting is relatively small. There will be obvious lumpy gangue in the coal slurry wastewater, as well as medium and fine-sized gangue particles. Therefore, the size and distribution of the filter port M take into account the particle size distribution characteristics of the coal-water mixture generated by high-pressure water jetting during TBM tunneling.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the size of the filter port M can be adjusted within the range of 0.3-2.0 mm to adapt to the particulate matter separation requirements under different operating conditions. The density and distribution of the filter ports M are arranged in a gradual manner to make the water flow distribution more uniform and improve the separation efficiency.

[0086] Ideally, fine-grained materials can be captured and processed by subsequent sedimentation units.

[0087] As an optional embodiment, the first diverter 114 and the second diverter 115 may extend horizontally.

[0088] As an optional embodiment, the first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115 can extend obliquely downward, that is, the open end is lower than the sealed end. This method can facilitate the discharge of materials by their own weight.

[0089] As a preferred embodiment, the first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115 can extend obliquely upward, that is, the open end is higher than the sealed end. When separating the recovered coal and gangue, this extension method can prevent the coal slurry wastewater from flowing directly out of the open end.

[0090] Preferably, the actuating assembly 12 is located directly above the flow guide shell 11. Specifically, the two sides of the U-shaped plate 121 are fixed to the edge of the flow guide shell 11 by bolts and are adjacent to the first diverter pipe 114. The first motor 122 is also fixed on the upper surface of the U-shaped plate 121. A movable groove 1211 is provided on the surface of the U-shaped plate 121 adjacent to the end of the motor shaft. A vertical limiting cylinder 1212 is also fixed at the bottom of the movable groove 1211 by a connecting rod.

[0091] The rocker plate 123 is fixed to the shaft end of the first motor 122 and can rotate with the output shaft of the first motor 122. A rocker arm 1231 is fixed on the surface of the rocker plate 123 facing away from the first motor 122 and offset from the axis of the output shaft. The rocker arm 1231 is hinged to one end of the connecting rod 124, and a piston plate 125 is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod 124. Specifically, a piston pin 1251 is fixed to the upper surface of the piston plate 125, and the other end of the connecting rod 124 is hinged to the piston pin 1251. Furthermore, the piston pin 1251 is sleeved inside the limiting cylinder 1212, and the two are in close contact with each other. When the output shaft of the first motor 122 rotates, the piston plate 125 can reciprocate along the axial direction of the limiting cylinder 1212.

[0092] It is important to note that the piston plate 125 must always move below the dashed line H, i.e., the liquid level line. When the water-coal mixture flows into the guide shell 11 and the liquid level is maintained at the liquid level line, the recovered coal will be blocked by the first diversion pipe 114. As the water-coal mixture is continuously input, the accumulated recovered coal will be pushed towards the first diversion pipe 114 by the subsequent recovered coal, but this will aggravate the accumulation of recovered coal, reduce the separation efficiency, and make it difficult to control. The up-and-down reciprocating motion of the piston plate 125 will cause the water-coal mixture to fluctuate, thereby smoothly bringing the floating recovered coal into the interior of the first diversion pipe 114.

[0093] Preferably, the first transport component 13 is disposed inside the guide shell 11. Specifically, an L-shaped plate 131 is fixed on the surface of the long plate 32 adjacent to the second diverter pipe 115, and a second motor 132 is fixed to the surface of the L-shaped plate 131 by bolts. The first helical rod 133 and the second helical rod 135 are respectively disposed inside the second diverter pipe 115 and the first diverter pipe 114. The outer walls of the first helical rod 133 and the second helical rod 135 are respectively attached to the inner walls of the second diverter pipe 115 and the first diverter pipe 114. In addition, the rod ends of the first helical rod 133 and the second helical rod 135 simultaneously penetrate the sealed ends of the second diverter pipe 115 and the first diverter pipe 114 and extend out of the long plate 32. Therefore, the shaft end of the second motor 132 can be fixed to the rod end of the first helical rod 133. Furthermore, on the outer wall of the extended portion of the first screw rod 133 and the second screw rod 135, a first pulley 134 and a second pulley 136 are respectively fixed. The two are connected by a belt 137 to establish a transmission. Therefore, when the second motor 132 rotates, the first screw rod 133 and the second screw rod 135 can rotate synchronously. The coal and gangue that are separated and fall into the first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115 can be transported continuously and effectively, preventing them from accumulating in each diversion pipe.

[0094] The mixing tank 22 is located directly below the second diversion pipe 115 and fixed above the support base 35. It can collect the coal slurry wastewater separated from the filter port M by the first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115. The upper end of the mixing tank 22 is open, and the bottom surface inside is inverted cone-shaped. At the center position, that is, at the lowest point, a second outlet pipe 221 is connected and fixed for discharging the coal slurry wastewater.

[0095] The dosing tank 21 is bolted to the short plate 33 on both sides, and the side near the horizontal plate 34 is also bolted to each other. The dosing tank 21 is located on one side of the second diversion pipe 115, below the inclined plate 112. The upper surface of the dosing tank 21 is connected and fixed with a water injection pipe 211. The other end of the water injection pipe 211 passes through the long plate 32 for injecting the agent. The bottom surface of the dosing tank 21 is also inverted cone-shaped. At the center, i.e., the lowest point, the first water outlet pipe 212 is connected and fixed for discharging the agent. In addition, in order to control the opening and closing and flow rate of the first water outlet pipe 212, a solenoid valve 4 is fixed at the end of the first water outlet pipe 212.

[0096] Preferably, the filter ports M of the first outlet pipe 212 and the second diversion pipe 115 are both located at the top opening of the mixing box 22, which is used to inject the reagent while collecting the separated coal slurry wastewater, so that the two are fully mixed.

[0097] It should be noted that the reagents are used to flocculate suspended solids or particles in coal slurry wastewater so that they can be separated in the next stage of sedimentation. Widely used and with minimal impact on water bodies, such as polyaluminum chloride, low-dose and highly efficient coagulant aids, and biodegradable chitosan can be used.

[0098] Preferably, there are two sets of pumping components 25, which are used to pump the flocculated coal slurry wastewater. This is used to connect the mixing tank 22 and the first sedimentation tank 23. Specifically, a sludge pump 251 is fixed at the bottom of the base plate 31. A first connecting pipe 252 is fixed at the inlet of the sludge pump 251. The first connecting pipe 252 is directly connected to the second outlet pipe 221 at the bottom of the mixing tank 22. The outlet is connected to a second connecting pipe 253. The second connecting pipe 253 penetrates the side wall of the first sedimentation tank 23 and extends into the interior. Then, a diversion pipe 254 is fixed at the end of the second connecting pipe 253. The pumped coal slurry wastewater that has been treated with the agent flows out from several diversion ports 2541 opened at the end of the diversion pipe 254 and below its side wall.

[0099] As an optional implementation, the first connecting pipe 252 and the second connecting pipe 253 can be flexible hoses. In this case, the diversion pipe 254 needs to be fixed to the inner wall of the first sedimentation tank 23.

[0100] As an optional implementation, the diverter 254 can be installed horizontally.

[0101] In this invention, the first connecting pipe 252 and the second connecting pipe 253 are rigid pipes with bends connected by bends, and finally extend to the first sedimentation tank 23. The diversion pipe 254 extends obliquely downward, that is, the pipe end opening is obliquely downward, which can adapt to the angle of the bottom surface of the first sedimentation tank 23, so that the coal slurry wastewater after mixing the agent can flow evenly and gently to the bottom surface of the first sedimentation tank 23, reducing the disturbance of the liquid and facilitating the rapid sedimentation of flocculants.

[0102] Preferably, the first sedimentation tank 23 is fixed to the upper surface of the base plate 31 by bolts and close to the horizontal plate 34. The bottom surface of the first sedimentation tank 23 is inclined, and a sedimentation trough 232 is opened downward at the bottom of the bottom surface to collect flocculents. A third water outlet pipe 231 is also connected and fixed at the side wall near the sedimentation trough 232. The third water outlet pipe 231 passes through the long plate 32. In addition, another solenoid valve 4 is fixed at the end of the third water outlet pipe 231 to control the opening and closing of the third water outlet pipe 231. The third water outlet pipe 231 can directly discharge sewage or discharge sewage after cleaning.

[0103] A sealing pipe 233 is also fixed on the bottom surface of the first sedimentation tank 23. The sealing pipe 233 starts from the sedimentation tank 232 and ends at the outside of the first sedimentation tank 23, extending in the same inclined direction as the bottom surface of the first sedimentation tank 23. The starting end of the sealing pipe 233 is connected to the sedimentation tank 232, and the ending end passes through the long plate 32. The ending end of the sealing pipe 233 is also fixed with a sealing cap 234 by bolts. In addition, several flow-blocking plates 235 are fixed on the side wall of the first sedimentation tank 23. The flow-blocking plates 235 are arrayed on the side wall where the third water outlet pipe 231 is located, and their shape is adapted to the internal space of the first sedimentation tank 23, which can further reduce the disturbance of the flocculated coal slime wastewater flowing in and improve the sedimentation efficiency.

[0104] A discharge port 2341 is provided on the side wall of the sealing cover 234, with the discharge port 2341 facing downward. A straight plate 2343 is fixed on the side of the discharge port 2341, that is, on the side wall of the sealing cover 2344. A drive tube 2342 is provided above the discharge port 2341, that is, on the side wall of the sealing cover 2344. The drive tube 2342 is a one-way opening.

[0105] Preferably, the second conveying assembly 27 is disposed inside the first sedimentation tank 23. Specifically, the third spiral rod 271 is installed inside the sealing tube 233, and the two are in close contact with each other. One end of the third spiral rod 271 extends out of the sealing tube 233. At this location, an isolation plate 272 and a worm gear 273 are fixed sequentially from bottom to top on the outer wall of the rod. The isolation plate 272 and the worm gear 273 are inside the sealing cover 234. The worm gear 273 is aligned with the drive tube 2342. In addition, a third motor 274 is fixed to the surface of the plate 2343 by bolts. A worm 275 is fixed to the shaft end of the third motor 274. The shaft end of the third motor 274 and the worm 275 both extend into the drive tube 2342, so that the worm 275 can cooperate with the worm gear 273. When the output shaft of the third motor 274 rotates, it can drive the third screw rod 271 to rotate, so that the sediment inside the settling tank 232 is transported to the discharge port 2341. It should be noted that the isolation plate 272 can prevent the sediment from entering the transmission pair of the worm gear.

[0106] As an optional embodiment, the upper end of the first sedimentation tank 23 can be open.

[0107] Preferably, a pair of mounting slots 236 are provided on the upper end face of the first sedimentation tank 23. The shape of the mounting slots 236 is consistent with that of the manifold 26, so that the manifold 26 can be installed in the mounting slots 236. In addition, in order to further limit the manifold 26, a pair of limiting strips are fixed on the outer wall of the manifold 26. The spacing of the limiting strips is consistent with the two side walls of the first sedimentation tank 23. It should be noted that the extension direction of the manifold 26 is perpendicular to the third spiral rod 271.

[0108] Preferably, the manifold 26 has a one-way opening, with the opening extending out of the side wall of the first sedimentation tank 23. The manifold 26 inside the first sedimentation tank 23 has an upward-facing water collection trough 261, which facilitates the introduction of the upper clear liquid inside the first sedimentation tank 23 into the manifold 26 and out from the opening.

[0109] Preferably, the second sedimentation tank 24 is closely attached to the first sedimentation tank 23 and fixed on the support base 35. The second sedimentation tank 24 has a number of mounting holes 241 that are the same as the number of manifolds 26 on the side wall adjacent to the first sedimentation tank 23. The open side of the manifolds 26 extends into the second sedimentation tank 24, which can introduce the supernatant after sedimentation and separation into the second sedimentation tank 24. At this time, the supernatant is still mixed with a small amount of flocculents. The bottom surface of the second sedimentation tank 24 is also inverted cone-shaped, with a fourth outlet pipe 243 running through and fixed in the center. When a small amount of flocculent material settles further, it can be discharged through the fourth outlet pipe 243. A drain pipe 242 is fixed at the upper part of any side wall of the second sedimentation tank 24. The drain pipe 242 extends from the inside to the outside of the second sedimentation tank 24. The drain pipe 242 is also a one-way opening. The part of the drain pipe 242 inside the second sedimentation tank 24 has an upward overflow trough 2421, which is used to collect the uppermost clear liquid in the second sedimentation tank 24. At this time, the coal slime wastewater treated by flocculation can obtain high-quality clear water through two-stage separation, and the clear water is finally recycled to the high-pressure water jet operation.

[0110] As an optional implementation, this device employs a flow-blocking plate 235 and a flow-slowing structure in the first sedimentation tank 23, namely an inclined bottom surface and a diversion pipe 254, which significantly improves sedimentation efficiency. Under standard operating conditions, with a suspended solids concentration of 5-15 g / L, after adding 20-60 mg / L of PAC-PAM composite flocculant, the residence time in the first sedimentation tank is typically controlled at 15-30 minutes, and the residence time in the second sedimentation tank is 30-45 minutes, achieving a suspended solids removal rate of over 95% and an effluent turbidity ≤10 NTU, meeting the water requirements of the TBM high-pressure water jet system.

[0111] Preferably, the second sedimentation tank 24 is also connected to the first sedimentation tank 23 via a pumping assembly 25. Specifically, the first connecting pipe 252 is fixedly connected to the fourth outlet pipe 243, and the second connecting pipe 253 penetrates into the second sedimentation tank 24 from the other side wall. The flocculent material settled in the second sedimentation tank 24 is pumped into the second sedimentation tank 24 by the sludge pump 251 and flows out through the diversion pipe 254. It should be noted that the two sets of pumping assemblies 25 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first sedimentation tank 23.

[0112] The operation process of this invention is as follows: The water-coal mixture is fed into the guide shell 11 through the conveying port 111. When the extension direction of the first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115 can be obliquely upward, that is, when the open end is higher than the sealed end, as the water-coal mixture is continuously input, the water-coal mixture will accumulate at the sealed end. When the liquid level reaches near the liquid level line, accompanied by the drive of the first motor 122, the reciprocating motion of the piston plate 125 begins to disturb the water-coal mixture, causing the liquid surface to undulate in a wave-like manner, and medium-sized particles and large pieces of recycled coal... The gangue separation process begins normally. Due to their different buoyancy and sinking characteristics, the recovered coal and gangue are at different heights in the coal-water mixture. The recovered coal is carried into the first diversion pipe 114 by the fluctuation and pushing of the liquid surface, while the gangue is pushed into the second diversion pipe 115 by the inclined plate 112 and the liquid. Fine particles flow out from each filter port M along with the liquid and fall into the mixing box 22. Under the action of the second motor 132, the second screw 135 and the first screw 133 respectively drive the recovered coal and gangue to the openings of the two diversion pipes.

[0113] Simultaneously, the solenoid valve 4 at the bottom of the dosing tank 21 opens, allowing the flocculating agent to flow from the dosing tank 21 into the mixing tank 22. This ensures that the filtered coal sludge-containing wastewater and the agent are thoroughly mixed in the mixing tank 22. Meanwhile, the sludge pump 251 pumps the coal sludge-containing wastewater containing the agent into the first sedimentation tank 23. The flocculated material then settles from the inclined bottom into the settling tank 232. Driven by the third motor 274, the third screw 271 carries the sediment out of the discharge port 2341. The supernatant flows from the manifold 26 to the second sedimentation tank 24. As time goes on, the sediment accumulates in the inverted conical surface at the center of the second sedimentation tank 24. At this time, the sludge pump 251 below starts to work, pumping the sediment into the first sedimentation tank 23. The supernatant that has undergone multiple sedimentations can be discharged through the drain pipe 242. The sediment pumped out from the second sedimentation tank 24 will be collected again in the settling tank 232 and discharged under the drive of the third screw 271, thus forming a cycle of operation.

[0114] When cleaning is required, the wastewater generated after cleaning in each tank can flow into the first sedimentation tank 23 and be discharged from the third outlet pipe 231.

[0115] In summary, this invention achieves highly efficient separation of the coal-water mixture, composed of particles of different sizes and water flow generated by the TBM process, through a two-stage separation structure. This significantly improves the processing efficiency of the coal-water mixture in the TBM process and realizes the effective separation of coal, gangue, and wastewater. Through two-stage sedimentation treatment, it achieves deep treatment of wastewater and recycling of water resources. In addition, this device has a compact structure, is easy to operate, and has strong adaptability, which can meet the technical requirements of modern mining engineering.

[0116] Example 2

[0117] This is a second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a circulating method for water-coal separation located after TBM, including introducing the water-coal mixture generated by the TBM process into the separation unit 1, conveying the recovered coal and gangue to the corresponding diversion pipelines respectively through the density difference separation principle, and introducing the mixture of fine-particle materials and water into the sedimentation unit 2.

[0118] Flocculant is added to the mixture, and the sediment and supernatant are separated by multi-stage sedimentation. The sediment is discharged and the supernatant is collected.

[0119] The supernatant is transported to the TBM process water jet system for recycling.

[0120] Furthermore, the separation unit 1 includes a flow guide shell 11 and a toggle assembly 12, and the corresponding diversion pipeline includes a first diversion pipe 114 and a second diversion pipe 115;

[0121] The water-coal mixture generated by the TBM process is introduced into the separation unit 1. Specifically, the water-coal mixture is introduced into the guide shell 11 through the conveying port 111.

[0122] The recovery coal and gangue are transported to the corresponding diversion pipes by means of density difference separation principle. Specifically, the agitator 12 is activated to generate liquid surface ripples, so that the recovery coal floats to the upper layer and enters the first diversion pipe 114, and the gangue settles and enters the second diversion pipe 115 through the discharge port 113.

[0123] The mixture of fine-particle material and water is introduced into the sedimentation unit 2. Specifically, the fine-particle material and water are introduced into the sedimentation unit 2 through the filter port M.

[0124] The sedimentation unit 2 includes a dosing tank 21, a mixing tank 22, a first sedimentation tank 23, and a second sedimentation tank 24;

[0125] Adding flocculant to the mixture: Specifically, flocculant is added to the dosing tank 21 through the water injection pipe 211, and the flocculant flows into the mixing tank 22 through the first water outlet pipe 212 to mix with the mixture.

[0126] The sediment and supernatant are separated through multi-stage sedimentation treatment. Specifically, the mixture is transported to the first sedimentation tank 23 for primary sedimentation by the pumping component 25, and the supernatant flows into the second sedimentation tank 24 through the manifold 26 for secondary sedimentation.

[0127] The supernatant is transported to the TBM process water jet system for recycling. Specifically, the clear water overflowing from the drain pipe 242 of the second sedimentation tank 24 is collected and the clear water that meets the water quality requirements is returned to the TBM process water jet system.

[0128] Furthermore, the liquid level fluctuations generated by the actuation component 12 have adjustable parameters. If the content of fine-particle materials in the coal-water mixture is high, the fluctuation frequency is reduced and the fluctuation amplitude is increased; if the content of fine-particle materials in the coal-water mixture is low, the fluctuation frequency is increased and the fluctuation amplitude is decreased.

[0129] The aperture of the filter port M is adapted to the particle size distribution of fine-grained materials in the coal-water mixture;

[0130] The flocculant is a composite formula of inorganic and organic polymeric flocculants, and its addition adopts a sequential addition method. First, inorganic flocculants are added to the dosing tank 21 to form micro-flocs. After a certain reaction time, organic polymeric flocculants are added to form large flocs. During the sedimentation process in the first sedimentation tank 23 and the second sedimentation tank 24, the settling rate of the flocs is... follow:

[0131]

[0132] in It is the acceleration due to gravity. The density of the flocs, For the density of the liquid, The diameter of the floc is [missing information]. For liquid viscosity;

[0133] The water quality indicators of the supernatant are monitored, including turbidity, suspended solids content, pH value and conductivity. If the turbidity or suspended solids content exceeds the preset threshold, the treatment time of the second sedimentation tank 24 is extended or the amount of flocculant is increased; if the pH value deviates from the preset range, a pH adjuster is added; if the conductivity exceeds the preset threshold, ion exchange is used for treatment.

[0134] The sediment in the first sedimentation tank 23 is discharged through the second conveying assembly 27 and dewatered. The fine-grained coal slime is used for low-calorific-value fuel recovery, and the liquid generated from dewatering is returned to the mixing tank 22 for further processing. The sediment in the second sedimentation tank 24 is returned to the first sedimentation tank 23 for further processing through the fourth water outlet pipe 243.

[0135] It should be noted that, as an optional implementation method, specifically...

[0136] During operation, the TBM tunneling machine generates a coal-water mixture, which is transported through a pipeline to the inlet 111 of the coal-water separator and flows into the guide shell 11. The coal-water mixture contains recovered coal (density approximately 1.3-1.5 g / cm³), gangue (density approximately 2.6-2.8 g / cm³), and fine-grained materials with a particle size <0.5 mm. When the actuation assembly 12 is activated, the first motor 122 drives the piston plate 125 to reciprocate at a frequency of 20-30 times per minute, generating surface ripples with an amplitude of 5-8 cm.

[0137] The fluctuations in the liquid surface cause the recovered coal, due to its lower density, to float to the upper layer and enter the first diversion pipe 114 under the influence of the fluctuations; the gangue, due to its higher density, settles to the bottom and is guided by the inclined plate 112 to the discharge port 113, entering the second diversion pipe 115. At the same time, the mixture formed by the fine-particle material and water flows out through the filter port M at the bottom of the first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115.

[0138] In actual operation, by monitoring the composition characteristics of the water-coal mixture, when the content of fine particles reaches more than 40%, the frequency of the agitator 12 is adjusted to 15-20 times / minute, and the fluctuation amplitude is increased to 8-10cm; when the content of fine particles drops to below 25%, the frequency is increased to 25-35 times / minute, and the fluctuation amplitude is reduced to 4-6cm, so as to adapt to the separation requirements of different material compositions.

[0139] The recovered coal and gangue entering the first diversion pipe 114 and the second diversion pipe 115 are respectively transported out of the system by the screw in the first transport component 13 to realize the recovery of solid materials; while the mixture of fine-particle materials and water flowing out through the filter port M enters the mixing box 22 located below.

[0140] Flocculants are added to the system through the water injection pipe 211 of the dosing tank 21. A composite formula is used, consisting of inorganic flocculants such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC) at a concentration of 1800-2200 mg / L and organic polymeric flocculants such as polyacrylamide (PAM) at a concentration of 40-60 mg / L. First, PAC is added, flowing through the first outlet pipe 212 into the mixing tank 22, where it reacts with the mixture for 5-8 minutes to form micro-flocs. Then, PAM is added, reacting with the micro-flocs for 2-3 minutes to form large flocs with a diameter of approximately 0.8-1.5 mm.

[0141] The sludge pump 251 in the pumping assembly 25 is started, pumping the mixed liquor to the first settling tank 23 at a flow rate of 2.0-3.0 L / s, where it is evenly distributed through the distribution pipe 254. In the first settling tank 23, the mixed liquor remains for 30-40 minutes for primary sedimentation. The flocs settle to the bottom slope under gravity and collect in the settling tank 232. The floc settling process follows Stokes' law, with a settling rate... The calculation is as follows:

[0142]

[0143] in The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m / s². The density of the flocs is approximately 1.1-1.3 g / cm³. The density of the liquid is approximately 1.0 g / cm³. The diameter of the flocs is 0.8-1.5 mm. This refers to the viscosity of the liquid, approximately 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -3 Pa· s.

[0144] The sediment in the first sedimentation tank 23 is continuously conveyed to the discharge port 2341 via the third screw 271 in the second conveying assembly 27. The supernatant flows into the second sedimentation tank 24 through the water collection trough 261 of the manifold 26 for secondary sedimentation, with a residence time of 45-60 minutes, further reducing the suspended solids content. The small amount of sediment deposited at the bottom of the second sedimentation tank 24 is returned to the first sedimentation tank 23 for reprocessing via the fourth outlet pipe 243.

[0145] The supernatant from the second sedimentation tank 24 overflows through the overflow trough 2421 of the drain pipe 242. Online monitoring equipment is used to detect water quality indicators: turbidity, suspended solids content, pH value, and conductivity. The system-set water quality standards are: turbidity <10 NTU, suspended solids content <15 mg / L, pH value 6.5-8.5, and conductivity <1500 μS / cm.

[0146] During operation, when the turbidity reaches 15 NTU or the suspended solids content reaches 20 mg / L, the sedimentation time in the second sedimentation tank 24 is extended to 75-90 minutes, or the dosage of inorganic flocculant is increased to 2500 mg / L and the dosage of organic polymeric flocculant is increased to 70 mg / L. When the pH value deviates from the preset range, an appropriate amount of acid-base adjuster, such as sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid solution, is added to the second sedimentation tank 24. When the conductivity exceeds 2000 μS / cm, it is treated specifically using the configured ion exchange device.

[0147] The qualified clean water is pumped back to the TBM process water jet system via a pumping system, and used for high-pressure water jet cutting of coal and rock masses, realizing the closed-loop recycling of water resources.

[0148] The sediment discharged from the first settling tank 23 is dewatered by a plate and frame filter press to a moisture content of less than 30%. The fine-grained coal slime, with a calorific value of approximately 15-20 MJ / kg, is recovered and used as low-calorific-value fuel, achieving comprehensive resource utilization. The liquid generated during the dewatering process is returned to the mixing tank 22 and treated together with the newly entering mixed liquid.

[0149] In summary, this method achieves precise separation based on density difference by generating liquid surface fluctuations through an adjustable parameter-controlled agitator, resulting in high separation efficiency for recovered coal and gangue. Simultaneously, it enables the resource utilization of fine-grained coal slime, reducing resource waste. Furthermore, the two-stage sedimentation process, combined with an optimized flocculant formulation and dosing method, ensures that the treated water meets the TBM process water standards, achieving a water resource recycling rate of over 85%, significantly reducing fresh water consumption and alleviating water resource pressure in the mining area. The closed-loop treatment system also effectively reduces the discharge of coal-containing wastewater, minimizing environmental pollution; sediment is utilized as a resource, minimizing the risk of secondary pollution. Moreover, this invention automatically adjusts treatment parameters, such as agitation frequency, fluctuation amplitude, and flocculant dosage, based on the characteristics of the coal-water mixture, adapting to different operating conditions and coal quality conditions, maintaining stable treatment results, and demonstrating high operational reliability.

[0150] Finally, compared with traditional water-coal separation methods, this method significantly reduces the overall processing cost, while increasing additional economic benefits through the recovery and utilization of coal resources, thus improving the overall economic efficiency of TBM tunneling operations. The device has a compact structure, occupies a small area, and its functional units work together to form a complete processing-circulation system, facilitating on-site deployment and maintenance in the mine. It is also simple to operate and easy to manage.

[0151] Importantly, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-coal separation device located downstream of a TBM, characterized in that: include, The separation unit (1) includes a flow guide shell (11), a toggle assembly (12) fixed to the top of the flow guide shell (11), and a first transport assembly (13) disposed inside the flow guide shell (11). The sedimentation unit (2) includes a dosing tank (21) disposed at the bottom of the guide shell (11), a mixing tank (22) disposed at the bottom of the dosing tank (21), a first sedimentation tank (23) disposed on one side of the dosing tank (21) and the mixing tank (22), a second sedimentation tank (24) disposed on one side of the first sedimentation tank (23), a pumping assembly (25) respectively connected between the mixing tank (22) and the first sedimentation tank (23) and between the first sedimentation tank (23) and the second sedimentation tank (24), a manifold (26) connected between the first sedimentation tank (23) and the second sedimentation tank (24), and a second conveying assembly (27) disposed inside the first sedimentation tank (23). It also includes a support unit (3), comprising a base plate (31), a pair of long plates (32) and a pair of short plates (33) fixed around the base plate (31), a cross plate (34) fixed between the pair of long plates (32), and a plurality of support seats (35) fixed to the upper surface of the base plate (31); and, Several solenoid valves (4); the solenoid valves (4) are respectively fixed to the bottom of the dosing tank (21) and the lower side wall of the first sedimentation tank (23); The guide shell (11) includes a conveying port (111), an inclined plate (112) fixed to the bottom of the guide shell (11), a discharge port (113) opened on one side of the inclined plate (112), a first diversion pipe (114) fixed to the top of the discharge port (113), and a second diversion pipe (115) fixed to the bottom of the discharge port (113). The first diversion pipe (114) and the second diversion pipe (115) both have arc-shaped cross sections and both have dense filter openings (M) at the bottom. The actuation assembly (12) includes a zigzag plate (121), a first motor (122) fixed to the upper surface of the zigzag plate (121), a rocker plate (123) fixed to the shaft end of the first motor (122), a connecting rod (124) hinged to one side of the rocker plate (123), and a piston plate (125) hinged to the other end of the connecting rod (124). The zigzag plate (121) includes a movable groove (1211) opened on its top and a limiting cylinder (1212) fixed to the bottom of the movable groove (1211). The rocker plate (123) includes a rocker arm (1231) fixed to one side surface thereon.

2. The water-coal separation device located downstream of the TBM as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The piston plate (125) includes a piston rod (1251) fixed to its bottom. The first transport assembly (13) includes an L-shaped plate (131), a second motor (132) fixed to the surface of the L-shaped plate (131), a first screw rod (133) fixed to the shaft end of the second motor (132), a first pulley (134) fixed to the body of the first screw rod (133), a second screw rod (135) disposed around the first screw rod (133), a second pulley (136) fixed to the body of the second screw rod (135), and a belt (137) cooperating with the first pulley (134) and the second pulley (136).

3. The water-coal separation device located downstream of the TBM as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The dosing tank (21) includes a water injection pipe (211) fixed to its top and a first water outlet pipe (212) fixed to the bottom of the dosing tank (21). The mixing tank (22) includes a second outlet pipe (221) fixed to its bottom.

4. The water-coal separation device located downstream of the TBM as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The first sedimentation tank (23) includes a third outlet pipe (231) fixed to the bottom of its side wall, a sedimentation trough (232) opened on one side of the bottom of the first sedimentation tank (23) and adjacent to the third outlet pipe (231), a sealing pipe (233) fixed to one side of the sedimentation trough (232) and extending obliquely, a sealing cover (234) fixed to the opening of the sealing pipe (233), a plurality of flow baffles (235) fixed to the side wall of the first sedimentation tank (23), and a plurality of pairs of mounting grooves (236) opened on the top of the first sedimentation tank (23); The sealing cover (234) includes a discharge port (2341) opened on its side wall, a drive tube (2342) fixed to the side wall of the sealing cover (234), and a straight plate (2343) fixed to the side wall of the sealing cover (234). The second sedimentation tank (24) includes a plurality of mounting holes (241) opened on its side wall, a drain pipe (242) fixed to the side wall of the second sedimentation tank (24) and extending to the outside, and a fourth water outlet pipe (243) fixed to the bottom of the second sedimentation tank (24). The drain pipe (242) includes an upward-facing overflow trough (2421) formed on its side wall.

5. The water-coal separation device located downstream of the TBM as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The manifold (26) includes a water collection trough (261) formed in its wall; the manifold (26) is through on one side; The second conveying assembly (27) includes a third helical rod (271), an isolation plate (272) and a worm gear (273) fixed to one end of the body of the third helical rod (271), a third motor (274) fixed to the surface of the straight plate (2343), and a worm (275) fixed to the shaft end of the third motor (274).

6. The water-coal separation device located downstream of the TBM as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The pumping assembly (25) includes a sludge pump (251), a first connecting pipe (252) fixed at the inlet of the sludge pump (251), a second connecting pipe (253) fixed at the outlet of the sludge pump (251), and a diversion pipe (254) fixed at the end of the second connecting pipe (253). The diversion pipe (254) includes a number of diversion ports (2541) opened on its side wall and facing downward.

7. A circulating method for water-coal separation downstream of a TBM, employing the water-coal separation device downstream of a TBM as described in claim 1, characterized in that... include: The water-coal mixture generated by the TBM process is introduced into the separation unit (1). The recovered coal and gangue are transported to the corresponding diversion pipelines by the density difference separation principle. The mixture of fine-particle materials and water is introduced into the sedimentation unit (2). A flocculant is added to the mixture, and the sediment and supernatant are separated by multi-stage sedimentation. The sediment is discharged and the supernatant is collected. The supernatant is transported to the TBM process water jet system for recycling.

8. The circulating method for water-coal separation located downstream of the TBM as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The separation unit (1) includes a flow guide shell (11) and a toggle assembly (12), and the corresponding diversion pipe includes a first diversion pipe (114) and a second diversion pipe (115). The process of introducing the water-coal mixture generated by the TBM process into the separation unit (1) specifically involves introducing the water-coal mixture into the guide shell (11) through the conveying port (111). The principle of separating the recovered coal and gangue by density difference is used to transport them to the corresponding diversion pipes. Specifically, the actuation component (12) is activated to generate liquid surface fluctuations, so that the recovered coal floats to the upper layer and enters the first diversion pipe (114), and the gangue settles and enters the second diversion pipe (115) through the discharge port (113).

9. The circulating method for water-coal separation located downstream of the TBM as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The process of introducing the mixture of fine-particle material and water into the sedimentation unit (2) specifically involves allowing the fine-particle material and water to flow into the sedimentation unit (2) through the filter port (M). The precipitation unit (2) includes a dosing tank (21), a mixing tank (22), a first precipitation tank (23), and a second precipitation tank (24); The addition of flocculant to the mixture specifically involves adding flocculant to the dosing tank (21) through the water injection pipe (211), and the flocculant flowing into the mixing tank (22) through the first water outlet pipe (212) to mix with the mixture; The separation of sediment and supernatant through multi-stage sedimentation is specifically achieved by pumping the mixture to the first sedimentation tank (23) for primary sedimentation via a pumping assembly (25), and the supernatant flowing into the second sedimentation tank (24) via a manifold (26) for secondary sedimentation. The step of transporting the upper clear liquid to the TBM process water jet system for recycling specifically involves collecting the clear water overflowing from the drain pipe (242) of the second sedimentation tank (24) and returning the clear water that meets the water quality requirements to the TBM process water jet system.

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