Steel beam bridge high-strength bolt installation construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of bolt construction of bridge construction, and particularly discloses a steel beam bridge high-strength bolt installation construction method which comprises the following steps: pre-connection: primarily connecting two parts which need to be butted through a gusset plate through a punching nail and a tool bolt; a plate seam is pulled, bolts are arranged in the remaining cavities after pre-connection in a penetrating mode, and the bolts, needing to be re-screwed, of the plate seam are marked in a re-screwing mode; initial screwing, including primary initial screwing and secondary initial screwing; re-screwing: re-screwing the bolt with the re-screwing mark and making a re-screwing completion mark; and final screwing is conducted, all the bolts on the gusset plate are sequentially screwed, and a final screwing mark is made after final screwing is completed. According to the technical scheme, the gusset plate has the beneficial effects that the gusset plate can be tightly attached to two parts needing to be connected through the plate pulling seam, and then the gusset plate and bolts can be tightly connected with the parts. And through different marks, missed screwing or repeated screwing can be avoided, and the bolt needing to be re-screwed is determined. And different marks are clear and distinguishable, so that the whole construction process is more ordered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge bolt construction, and particularly relates to a construction method for installing high-strength bolts on a steel girder bridge. Background Art

[0002] The construction of high-strength bolts is a steel structure fastening process based on the friction-type connection principle. Its core is to apply precise pre-tightening force and use the clamping friction force generated by the axial tension of the bolts to transfer the structural load. It is relatively important in bridge construction and is a key step to ensure the structural stability. Due to the huge bridge structure, there are up to hundreds of bolts to be inserted through one side of a connection node. How to ensure that each bolt can be correctly stressed is the key to construction. The existing marking methods are not clear enough and cannot cover all processes, which may cause construction chaos. Moreover, the existing construction methods do not pay attention to the gap between the gusset plate and the components, and only perform two steps of initial tightening and final tightening, resulting in unqualified torque for some bolts. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a construction method for installing high-strength bolts on a steel girder bridge, which uses clearer markings, can avoid missed tightening or repeated tightening, and re-tightens the bolts at the gusset plate joints, making the bolt forces more uniform and the final tightening strokes more consistent.

[0004] A technical solution provided by the present invention is: a construction method for installing high-strength bolts on a steel girder bridge, including:

[0005] Pre-connection: Initially connect the two components to be butted through the gusset plate by using drift pins and tool bolts.

[0006] Gusset plate joint: Insert high-strength bolts through the remaining holes after the pre-connection, select the high-strength bolts that need to be tightened at the gusset plate joint for tightening, and make re-tightening marks on the high-strength bolts that need to be re-tightened at the gusset plate joint.

[0007] Initial tightening: including primary initial tightening and secondary initial tightening. The primary initial tightening includes removing all tool bolts and some drift pins, inserting high-strength bolts through the newly vacated holes, initially tightening the inserted high-strength bolts and making initial tightening marks. The secondary initial tightening includes removing all drift pins, inserting high-strength bolts through the newly vacated holes, initially tightening the inserted high-strength bolts and making initial tightening marks.

[0008] Re-tightening: Re-tighten the high-strength bolts with re-tightening marks and make re-tightening completion marks.

[0009] Final tightening: Make corner marks on all high-strength bolts before final tightening, tighten all high-strength bolts on the gusset plate in sequence, and make final tightening marks after final tightening.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Through pre-connection, the two components to be constructed can be initially connected, facilitating the subsequent tightening of high-strength bolts. Through the tension plate seam, the gusset plate and the two components to be connected can be closely fitted, so that the gusset plate and the high-strength bolts can be tightly connected to the components, thus laying a foundation for the uniform stress of all high-strength bolts. Different markings can avoid missed tightening or repeated tightening, and can clarify the high-strength bolts that need to be re-tightened. The differences between different markings are large and clearly distinguishable, making the entire construction process more orderly.

[0011] Furthermore, inspection is also included, which is carried out by sampling. The standard for inspection is whether the torque of the high-strength bolts meets the standard. After the inspection, inspection marks are made and the measured data are marked beside the high-strength bolts being detected.

[0012] Furthermore, the quantity ratio of drift pins to tool bolts in the pre-connection is 2:1. The drift pins are arranged at intervals of two rows of holes on the gusset plate, and the tool bolts are distributed at the two ends of the gusset plate.

[0013] Furthermore, before the pre-connection, the determination of construction parameters is also carried out, including determining the torque coefficient and calibrating the torque of the wrench.

[0014] Furthermore, both the initial tightening mark and the completed re-tightening mark are white linear marks, the re-tightening mark is a white triangular mark, the final tightening mark is a red linear mark, and the inspection mark is a green linear mark.

[0015] Furthermore, the re-tightening includes applying an additional force of 20 - 30%.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-strength bolts on the gusset plate are divided into three parts from top to bottom. When selecting the high-strength bolts for the tension plate seam, one bolt is selected every other row in the topmost first part and two bolts are selected in the topmost row. One bolt is selected every two rows in the middle second part, and two bolts are selected every three rows in the bottommost part.

[0017] Furthermore, both the final tightening and the initial tightening are carried out in a snake-like path to sequentially tighten the high-strength bolts on the gusset plate.

[0018] Furthermore, in one initial tightening, removing some of the drift pins includes leaving two drift pins in each row, and the two remaining drift pins are distributed on both sides of the middle partition of the gusset plate. Description of the Drawings

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0020] Figure 1 It is the construction flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the gusset plate and two butted components in the embodiment of the present invention

[0022] Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the pre-connected gusset plate in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the gusset plate of the lacing seam in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the gusset plate when part of the drift pins and all tool bolts are removed during the first initial tightening in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the gusset plate after high-strength bolts are inserted into the hole part during the first initial tightening in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is the schematic diagram of the gusset plate when all drift pins are removed during the second initial tightening in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is the schematic diagram of the gusset plate after high-strength bolts are inserted into all the holes in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 It is the tightening sequence diagram of the lacing seam in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 It is the marking schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals: gusset plate 100, hole 110, intermediate channel 120, drift pin 200, tool bolt 300, high-strength bolt 400, component 500. Specific embodiments

[0031] The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, so they are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0033] As Figures 1-10 shown, this embodiment provides a construction method for installing high-strength bolts on a steel girder bridge. The high-strength bolts 400 are used to connect two components 500, specifically including components such as steel structures and steel girders. The installation construction method includes: pre-connection, initially connecting the two components 500 to be butt-jointed through a gusset plate 100 by drift pins 200 and tool bolts 300. Both the drift pins 200 and the tool bolts 300 are used for temporary connection and need to be removed during subsequent construction. That is to say, the positions where the drift pins 200 and the tool bolts 300 are inserted will be replaced by high-strength bolts 400; pulling the plate seam, inserting high-strength bolts 400 through the remaining holes 110 after the pre-connection, selecting the high-strength bolts 400 that need to pull the plate seam for tightening, and making a re-tightening mark on the high-strength bolts 400 that need to be re-tightened for the plate seam; initial tightening, including primary initial tightening and secondary initial tightening. The primary initial tightening includes removing all the tool bolts 300 and some of the drift pins 200, inserting high-strength bolts 400 through the newly vacated holes 110, initially tightening the inserted high-strength bolts 400 and making an initial tightening mark. The secondary initial tightening includes removing all the drift pins 200, inserting high-strength bolts 400 through the newly vacated holes 110, initially tightening the inserted high-strength bolts 400 and making an initial tightening mark; re-tightening, re-tightening the high-strength bolts 400 with re-tightening marks and making a re-tightening completion mark; final tightening, making a rotation angle mark on all the high-strength bolts 400 before final tightening. The rotation angle mark is to draw a continuous line between the stud, nut, gasket, and component. Tighten all the high-strength bolts 400 on the gusset plate 100 in sequence, and make a final tightening mark after final tightening. After final tightening, the rotation angle marks on the nut and the end of the stud will deflect by a certain angle, and the deflected angle is generated by the relative movement between the nut and the stud during final tightening.

[0034] Furthermore, when re-tightening, apply a force increase of 20 - 30%. For example, initially tighten to 50% of the rated torque, and increase by 25% during re-tightening, that is, tighten to 75% of the rated torque. During final tightening, apply the final 25%. Re-tightening is mainly for gusset plates 100 with more than two layers. Gusset plates 100 with one or two layers can be without re-tightening, and gusset plates 100 with three or more layers must be re-tightened. A final tightening wrench needs to be used during final tightening.

[0035] Further, the gusset plate 100 is a rectangular plate, and a number of holes 110 are distributed in a rectangular array on the rectangular plate. One hole 110 is a position for passing through high-strength bolts 400. The gusset plate 100 covers two connected components 500, and the contact surfaces of the two components 500 are correspondingly located in the middle of the gusset plate 100. The high-strength bolts 400 of the tension plate joint are distributed along both sides of the contact surface of the two components 500. Specifically, the holes 110 on the gusset plate 100 corresponding to the two components 500 are symmetrically distributed along the middle. If the contact surface is a vertical surface, there is a middle partition 120 from top to bottom in the middle of the gusset plate 100, and the width of the middle partition 120 is greater than the distance between the adjacent holes 110 on both sides of the middle partition 120. That is to say, the middle partition 120 can divide the holes 110 on the gusset plate 100 into two groups, and each group corresponds to one of the two components 500 to be connected. It can be understood that when the contact surface is a horizontal surface, the middle partition 120 of the gusset plate 100 extends horizontally from left to right. During the first initial tightening, after removing some drift pins 200, two drift pins 200 are left in each row where the drift pins 200 are passed through, and the two remaining drift pins 200 are distributed on both sides of the middle partition 120 of the gusset plate 100. During the second initial tightening, the two remaining drift pins 200 in each row are removed. Dividing the initial tightening into the first initial tightening and the second initial tightening can relieve the compression of the high-strength bolts 400 installed in the early stage and ensure that the high-strength bolts 400 are in the best working state. That is to say, during the first initial tightening, not only the installed high-strength bolts 400 bear the pressure, but also the drift pins 200.

[0036] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 8 , when selecting the high-strength bolts 400 of the tension plate joint, the high-strength bolts 400 on the gusset plate 100 are divided into three parts from top to bottom. One is selected from every other row in the uppermost first part and two are selected in the uppermost row. One is selected from every two rows in the middle second part. Two are selected from every three rows in the lowermost part. The selected high-strength bolts 400 in adjacent rows are staggered on both sides of the middle partition 120. The high-strength bolts 400 of the tension plate joint are permanent bolts that are first tightened during construction. After the other high-strength bolts 400 are initially tightened, gaps are likely to occur in the parts where the high-strength bolts 400 of the tension plate joint are located. The gaps specifically include between the gusset plates 100, between the high-strength bolts 400 and the gusset plates 100, between the gusset plates 100 and the components 500, between the high-strength bolts 400 and the components 500, etc. These gaps can be eliminated through re-tightening, and the final tightening stroke of the high-strength bolts 400 of the tension plate joint can also be reduced. Figure 8A total of 12 high-strength bolts 400 for the tension plate seam are selected. The tightening sequence of the 12 high-strength bolts 400 is in ascending order of the numbers in the figure. In some embodiments, both the initial tightening mark and the completed re-tightening mark are white linear marks, the re-tightening mark is a white triangular mark, the final tightening mark is a red linear mark, and the inspection mark is a green linear mark. Since the marks are simple and there is enough space on each high-strength bolt 400 for marking, the construction progress and the next construction content of each high-strength bolt 400 are clear at a glance, avoiding human errors.

[0037] According to the above construction method, through pre-connection, the two components 500 to be constructed can be initially connected, facilitating the subsequent tightening of the high-strength bolts 400. Through the tension plate seam, the gusset plate 100 and the two components 500 to be connected can be closely fitted, so that the gusset plate 100 and the high-strength bolts 400 can be closely connected to the components 500, laying a foundation for the uniform stress of all the high-strength bolts 400. Different marks can avoid missed tightening or repeated tightening, and can clarify the high-strength bolts 400 that need to be re-tightened. The differences between different marks are large and clearly distinguishable, making the entire construction process more orderly.

[0038] In some embodiments, since there are usually hundreds of holes 110 on a gusset plate 100, that is, hundreds of high-strength bolts 400 need to be inserted. During tightening, for the convenience of operation and to avoid omission, it is necessary to operate in a certain order. Specifically, if it is a vertical gusset plate 100, that is, the vertical length in the construction state is greater than the horizontal width, when performing the tension plate seam operation, tighten from the 1 / 3 position of the gusset plate 100 upwards in sequence. After tightening to the top, move to the un-tightened area below and tighten downwards to the bottom in sequence. The tightening sequence is in a Z shape, that is, taking rows as units, after sequentially tightening the high-strength bolts 400 to be tightened in each row, move to a new row and then sequentially tighten the high-strength bolts 400 to be tightened along the opposite path. If it is a horizontal gusset plate 100, the tightening path is in an N shape. Whether it is a Z shape or an N shape, it is a serpentine path, which is for more convenient operation and more uniform stress of the high-strength bolts 400.

[0039] In some embodiments, inspection is also included, which is carried out by random inspection. The standard for inspection is whether the torque of the high-strength bolt 400 meets the standard. After the inspection, an inspection mark is made and the measured data is marked beside the high-strength bolt 400 being detected. The inspection is carried out by using a torque wrench to turn the selected high-strength bolt 400. Specifically, it includes putting the torque wrench on the nut and slowly applying force along the tightening direction until the nut starts to rotate. Record the peak torque value shown on the wrench, and this value is the measured data of the current high-strength bolt 400. The measured data is also written with a green pen. The random inspection ratio is between 5% and 10%, and the randomly inspected high-strength bolts 400 should be distributed throughout the gusset plate 100 and not be too concentrated.

[0040] In some embodiments, the quantity ratio of the drift pins 200 and the tool bolts 300 in the pre-connection is 2:1. The drift pins 200 are arranged at intervals of two rows of holes 110 on the gusset plate 100, and the tool bolts 300 are distributed at both ends of the gusset plate 100. The drift pins 200 and the tool bolts 300 are mainly used to temporarily connect two components 500. The first function of the drift pins 200 and the tool bolts 300 is positioning, ensuring that the two components 500 and the gusset plate 100 are in the correct connection positions, so that the subsequent high-strength bolts 400 can be correctly stressed. The second function is to ensure the stability during the construction process. The cooperation of the drift pins 200 and the tool bolts 300 has sufficient strength, so that the gusset plate 100 and the two components 500 will not shift or deform before the high-strength bolts 400 are inserted.

[0041] Further, on the vertical gusset plate 100, the drift pins 200 are inserted through one row among three adjacent rows of holes 110, and on the horizontal gusset plate 100, the drift pins 200 are inserted through one column among three adjacent columns of holes 110. The density of the drift pins 200 on the gusset plate 100 is 33%. After the drift pins 200 are inserted into the gusset plate 100 and the component 500, they can only bear the radial pressure and have no restriction in the axial direction. The tool bolts 300 just make up for this defect and can perform axial limiting.

[0042] In some embodiments, before the pre-connection, the determination of construction parameters is also carried out, including determining the torque coefficient and calibrating the wrench torque. The determination of construction parameters is carried out in the laboratory. In the laboratory, a simulated connection is carried out according to the situation of the components to be connected, and the optimal values are determined. The selection of the initial tightening wrench and the final tightening wrench both need to be determined according to the construction parameters.

[0043] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms in the present application are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality of" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0044] In this application, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and defined, terms such as "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be an electrical connection; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, a large number of specific details are set forth. However, it can be understood that the embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, systems, and technologies are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims and the description of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for installing high-strength bolts on a steel girder bridge, characterized in that, Including: Pre-connection: Initially connect two components to be butted through a gusset plate (100) by using drift pins (200) and tool bolts (300). Lap joint: Insert high-strength bolts (400) through the remaining holes (110) after the pre-connection. Select the high-strength bolts (400) for which lap joints are required and tighten them. Make a re-tightening mark on the high-strength bolts (400) that need to be re-tightened for the lap joint. Initial tightening: Including primary initial tightening and secondary initial tightening. The primary initial tightening includes removing all tool bolts (300) and some drift pins (200), inserting high-strength bolts (400) through the newly vacated holes (110), initially tightening the inserted high-strength bolts (400) and making an initial tightening mark. The secondary initial tightening includes removing all drift pins (200), inserting high-strength bolts (400) through the newly vacated holes (110), initially tightening the inserted high-strength bolts (400) and making an initial tightening mark. Re-tightening: Re-tighten the high-strength bolts (400) with re-tightening marks and make a re-tightening completion mark. Final tightening: Make a rotation angle mark on all high-strength bolts (400) before final tightening. Tighten all high-strength bolts (400) on the gusset plate (100) in sequence. Make a final tightening mark after final tightening is completed.

2. The high-strength bolt installation construction method of a steel girder bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes inspection, which is carried out by sampling. The standard for inspection is whether the torque of the high-strength bolts (400) meets the standard. Make an inspection mark after inspection and mark the measured data beside the high-strength bolts (400) being inspected.

3. A high-strength bolt installation construction method for a steel girder bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantity ratio of the drift pins (200) and tool bolts (300) in the pre-connection is 2:

1. The drift pins (200) are arranged at intervals of two rows of holes (110) on the gusset plate (100). The tool bolts (300) are distributed at both edge ends of the gusset plate (100).

4. A high-strength bolt installation construction method for a steel girder bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the pre-connection, it also includes determining construction parameters, which include determining the torque coefficient and calibrating the wrench torque.

5. A construction method for installing high-strength bolts of a steel girder bridge according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the initial tightening mark and the re-tightening completion mark are white one-shaped marks. The re-tightening mark is a white triangular mark. The final tightening mark is a red one-shaped mark. The inspection mark is a green one-shaped mark.

6. A high-strength bolt installation construction method for a steel girder bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The re-tightening includes applying a force increase of 20 - 30%.

7. A construction method for installing high-strength bolts of a steel girder bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-strength bolts (400) on the gusset plate (100) are divided into three parts from top to bottom. When selecting the high-strength bolts (400) for which lap joints are required, for the first part at the top, select one every other row and select two for the topmost row. For the second part in the middle, select one every two rows. For the bottommost part, select two every three rows.

8. A construction method for installing high-strength bolts of a steel girder bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the final tightening and the initial tightening are carried out by using a snake-shaped path to sequentially tighten the high-strength bolts (400) on the gusset plate (100).

9. A construction method for installing high-strength bolts of a steel girder bridge according to claim 3, characterized in that, Removing the some drift pins (200) in the primary initial tightening includes leaving two drift pins (200) in each row of drift pins (200). The two remaining drift pins (200) are distributed on both sides of the intermediate channel (120) of the gusset plate (100).

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