Concrete cable bent tower construction modeling method based on BIM technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a concrete cable bent tower construction modeling method based on a BIM technology, and relates to the technical field of bridge construction, a BIM model is adopted to extract three-dimensional coordinates of each node of a stiff skeleton and then carry out positioning, after the stiff skeleton is assembled, if deviation exceeds a limit, a correction instruction is automatically generated, template data is collected in real time, and construction parameters of a next section are rehearsed based on the BIM model. Dynamically adjusting the template, rehearsing the spatial pose of the cable conduit, calculating the thermal deformation compensation amount, then correcting the installation error in real time, simulating the concrete pouring process, dynamically optimizing the pouring strategy, generating a completion model after each section is constructed, automatically comparing and analyzing the completion model and the BIM model, and generating a BIM model optimization strategy. According to the method, local adjustment is conducted on position conflicts of various embedded parts, cable conduits, pouring joints and the like by building the BIM model, segment division capable of directly guiding site construction is formed, the construction control level is effectively improved, rework is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, and in particular to a concrete cable tower construction modeling method based on BIM technology. Background Art

[0002] The construction of cable-stayed bridge concrete towers presents significant challenges in controlling the alignment of super-high towers due to the numerous construction steps, most of which are performed at height. Traditional cable-stayed bridge tower construction relies on manual measurement and empirical judgment for various steps, including rigid frame installation, formwork positioning, cable guide fine-tuning, and concrete pouring. This presents the following challenges:

[0003] (1) Poor coordination among multiple processes, prone to error accumulation: The construction of cable-stayed bridge towers involves the construction of rigid skeletons, internal and external formwork, cable guide tubes, and concrete pouring. It is difficult to achieve good coordination among multiple processes, resulting in error accumulation between the previous and subsequent construction processes, and even exceeding the error control standard;

[0004] (2) The positioning method of the rigid frame has many limitations and poor construction accuracy: the rigid frame is mostly positioned by the heavy hammer ball method. When the wind force is strong, the swing amplitude of the plumb ball is large, which will cause a large construction deviation, affect the construction accuracy, and cause the error accumulation of the further reinforcement and template layout accuracy.

[0005] (3) Insufficient spatial positioning accuracy of the cable guide affects the stress performance of the cable: The positioning accuracy of the cable guide determines the construction quality of the cable. The deviation of the cable guide positioning will make it impossible to install the cable shock pad, and even cause the cable guide and the cable to be squeezed, further affecting the stress of the cable;

[0006] (4) Low dynamic matching between the hydraulic climbing formwork system and the construction process: The hydraulic climbing formwork system only performs climbing and fixing operations according to the on-site construction progress, and cannot be effectively connected and matched with the construction process. When the construction process changes, the construction pace speeds up or slows down, the system cannot make corresponding adjustments and optimizations in time, and it is difficult to flexibly adapt to the ever-changing needs and conditions during the construction process;

[0007] (5) Lack of digital support for construction progress and quality control: Construction accuracy and quality control rely on traditional management and control methods, heavily dependent on manual labor and experience, and lack digital support technology.

[0008] To sum up: Although existing BIM technology has been applied to bridge modeling, it is mostly used for the mutual coordination of various construction processes and the management of construction progress. A full-process control system for cable tower construction that is deeply integrated with hydraulic climbing formwork construction has not yet been formed. This means that in the key link of cable tower construction, the application of BIM technology still has obvious deficiencies and gaps, and it is impossible to achieve comprehensive and accurate control of the entire construction process, thus affecting the efficiency and quality of cable tower construction.

[0009] Based on this, the present invention proposes a concrete cable tower construction modeling method based on BIM technology. By establishing a BIM model, local adjustments are made to the position conflicts of various embedded parts, cable guide tubes, casting joints, etc., forming a segment division that can directly guide on-site construction, effectively improving the construction control level, reducing rework and improving construction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a concrete cable tower construction modeling method based on BIM technology to solve the shortcomings of the background technology.

[0011] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a concrete cable tower construction modeling method based on BIM technology, constructing a BIM model for dynamically driving hydraulic climbing formwork construction, and combining real-time feedback of multi-source sensor data and adaptive compensation of construction errors to form a closed-loop control system for cable tower construction.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the modeling method comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1: Establish a tower BIM model based on tower information;

[0014] S2: Use the BIM model to extract the three-dimensional coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton and then locate them. After the rigid skeleton is assembled, if the deviation exceeds the limit, the correction instruction is automatically generated;

[0015] S3: Real-time acquisition of template data, preview of next section construction parameters based on the BIM model, and dynamic adjustment of the template;

[0016] S4: Preview the spatial position of the cable guide, calculate the thermal deformation compensation, and correct the installation error in real time;

[0017] S5: Simulate the concrete pouring process and dynamically optimize the pouring strategy;

[0018] S6: Generate an as-built model after each section is constructed, automatically compare and analyze the as-built model with the BIM model, and generate a BIM model optimization strategy.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, after each section is constructed, an as-built model is generated, and the as-built model is automatically compared and analyzed with the BIM model, including the following steps:

[0020] After registration, the deviation field between the point cloud model and the BIM model is calculated, and the expression is: Where V is the volume of the contrast segment, D totalis the deviation field, p(x,y,z) is the position vector of the as-built model at the spatial point (x,y,z), b(x,y,z) is the position vector of the BIM model at the same spatial point (x,y,z), and ||*|| represents the Euclidean norm;

[0021] According to the deviation field, determine whether the overall deviation exceeds the limit, and mark the partition: if D total ≤D max , judged as qualified, if D total >D max , determine abnormality, D max The construction tolerance threshold.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the spatial position of the cable guide is previewed, the thermal deformation compensation amount is calculated, and the installation error is corrected in real time, including the following steps:

[0023] In the BIM model, the design spatial position parameters of each cable guide are extracted, including the installation reference point coordinates, installation direction vector, and installation incident angle;

[0024] Calculate the ideal spatial position and posture of the cable guide in the current construction section based on the BIM axis model and design posture;

[0025] Based on the construction environment temperature, concrete hydration heat and thermal expansion characteristics of the cable conduit material, the local temperature field distribution of the cable tower is established to determine the temperature variation at each installation location;

[0026] During the cable conduit installation process, the actual positioning point of the current cable conduit is measured in real time using a total station. The actual positioning point of the current cable conduit is compared with the coordinates of the actual installation endpoint after thermal deformation to calculate the installation deviation. If the installation deviation of the cable conduit exceeds the installation deviation threshold, it is considered to be out of limit and needs to be corrected.

[0027] The measuring robot and climbing formwork adjustment system are linked to adjust the positioning of the cable guide tube according to the correction amount.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, previewing the construction parameters of the next section based on the BIM model and dynamically adjusting the template includes the following steps:

[0029] Based on the tower design geometry and construction segment divisions defined in the BIM model, the formwork parameters required for the next segment construction were previewed, including preset opening and closing dimensions and preset climbing heights.

[0030] The preset opening and closing dimensions include the X-direction formwork dimensions and the Y-direction formwork dimensions, and the preset climbing height includes the single climbing formwork lifting height;

[0031] Based on the tower axis model in the BIM model, the ideal spatial climbing trajectory of each formwork climbing is pre-performed to determine the formwork movement direction and angle;

[0032] Compare the deviations between the template posture data collected in real time and the template parameters preset in the BIM model, and calculate the deviation values;

[0033] If any deviation value of the template exceeds the preset tolerance range, the adjustment amount is automatically calculated based on the deviation amount.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the deviation of the template posture data collected in real time is compared with the template parameters preset in the BIM model to calculate the deviation values, and the template horizontal displacement deviation is: Where ΔX d is the template X-axis displacement deviation, ΔY d is the Y-direction displacement deviation of the template, ΔX t ΔY is the horizontal offset of the current template in the X direction. t The horizontal offset of the current template in the Y direction and the vertical displacement deviation of the template: ΔZ d is the vertical displacement deviation, ΔZ t The vertical offset of the template in the current Z direction. For a single climbing formwork lifting height, the formwork inclination angle deviation is: θ X is the current front and rear tilt angle of the template, θ Y is the current left and right tilt angle of the template, Δθ X is the front and rear tilt angle deviation of the template, Δθ Y The left and right inclination angle deviation of the template;

[0035] Automatically calculate the adjustment amount based on the deviation, and adjust the template's X-direction opening and closing size ΔW X : Template Y-direction opening and closing size adjustment ΔW Y : Where, is the current X-direction template size, is the current Y-direction template size, is the template size in the X direction, is the template size in the Y direction, ΔX d is the template X-axis displacement deviation, ΔY d is the Y-direction displacement deviation of the template.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, after the rigid frame is assembled, if the deviation exceeds the limit, a correction instruction is automatically generated, including the following steps:

[0037] Based on the established 3D parametric BIM model of the cable tower, the coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton in 3D space are extracted and marked as: Where, are the preset three-dimensional coordinate values of the i-th node in the BIM model;

[0038] Import the extracted node preset 3D coordinate values into the total station, and perform positioning and setting out on site based on the preset 3D coordinate values, which serve as the reference points for on-site rigid frame assembly and positioning;

[0039] According to the positioning and lofting, the node positioning and components of the rigid skeleton are assembled. After the assembly is completed, a laser scanner is used to perform a three-dimensional scan of the entire assembled rigid skeleton to obtain the actual node spatial position, which is recorded as: are the actual three-dimensional coordinate values of the i-th node in the laser scanning point cloud;

[0040] After calculating the point-by-point deviation between the preset 3D coordinate values of the nodes in the BIM model and the actual 3D coordinate values of the nodes obtained by laser scanning, the total 3D space deviation D of the i-th node is calculated. i , if the D of node i i >D max , D max Indicates the maximum allowable deviation. If node i exceeds the allowable deviation range, a correction instruction is automatically generated. The correction instruction includes adjusting the corresponding deviation amount of node i in the opposite direction.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the point-by-point deviation calculation is performed between the preset three-dimensional coordinate values of the nodes in the BIM model and the actual three-dimensional coordinate values of the nodes obtained by laser scanning. The deviation calculation formula is: Where ΔX i , ΔY i , ΔZ i is the deviation value of the i-th node in the X, Y, and Z directions;

[0042] Calculate the total deviation of the three-dimensional space of the i-th node. The expression is:

[0043] Where D i is the total deviation of the three-dimensional space of the i-th node.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the BIM model is a three-dimensional parametric BIM model of the cable tower, which integrates the rigid skeleton, formwork system, cable guide tube, hydraulic climbing formwork device and steel bar binding data;

[0045] According to the size of hydraulic climbing formwork and hydraulic sliding formwork, the cable tower is adjusted locally, and the conflicting positions of various embedded parts, cable guide tubes and casting joints are adjusted to optimize the division of construction sections;

[0046] Embed construction timing logic into the BIM model to simulate the dynamic processes of hydraulic climbing formwork, formwork installation, and concrete pouring;

[0047] Generate the three-dimensional coordinates of the rigid skeleton positioning, cable guide installation angle and template adjustment parameter package based on the BIM model.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the intelligent positioning of the rigid frame is achieved by synchronizing the total station with the BIM cloud data. After the rigid frame is assembled, the laser scanning point cloud data is compared with the BIM model, and correction instructions are automatically generated when the deviation exceeds the limit.

[0049] In step S3, the climbing formwork system is equipped with an inclination sensor and displacement meter to collect formwork data in real time. The formwork data includes formwork verticality and horizontality data. Based on the BIM model, the construction parameters of the next section are previewed and the formwork is dynamically adjusted, including the opening and closing dimensions of the formwork and the climbing trajectory of the climbing formwork.

[0050] In step S4, the spatial position of the cable guide is previewed in the BIM model, the thermal deformation compensation is calculated in combination with the temperature field simulation, and the total station is used for tracking and positioning. The installation error is corrected in real time through the linkage between the BIM model and the measurement robot;

[0051] In step S5, intelligent monitoring of concrete pouring: ① Simulate the concrete pouring process in the BIM model, including the pouring sequence, vibration points and temperature control curve, and dynamically optimize the pouring strategy, including the dynamic optimization of the pouring speed and maintenance strategy;

[0052] In step S6, after each section is constructed, an as-built model is generated through 3D laser scanning.

[0053] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0054] The present invention establishes a BIM model for the cable tower, extracts the three-dimensional coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton using the BIM model, and then positions them. After the rigid skeleton is assembled, if deviations exceed the limit, correction instructions are automatically generated. Template data is collected in real time, and the construction parameters of the next segment are previewed based on the BIM model. The template is dynamically adjusted, the spatial position of the cable guide is previewed, and installation errors are corrected in real time after calculating thermal deformation compensation. The concrete pouring process is simulated, and the pouring strategy is dynamically optimized. After each segment is constructed, an as-built model is generated. The as-built model is automatically compared and analyzed with the BIM model to generate a BIM model optimization strategy. By establishing a BIM model, this method makes local adjustments to positional conflicts such as various embedded parts, cable guides, and pouring joints, forming a segment division that can directly guide on-site construction, effectively improving construction control, reducing rework, and increasing construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0056] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a mind map of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a modeling construction sequence diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment proposes a concrete cable tower construction modeling method based on BIM technology, and the modeling method includes the following steps:

[0062] S1: Establish a tower BIM model based on tower information;

[0063] S2: Use the BIM model to extract the three-dimensional coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton and then locate them. After the rigid skeleton is assembled, if the deviation exceeds the limit, the correction instruction is automatically generated;

[0064] S3: Real-time acquisition of template data, preview of next section construction parameters based on the BIM model, and dynamic adjustment of the template;

[0065] S4: Preview the spatial position of the cable guide, calculate the thermal deformation compensation, and correct the installation error in real time;

[0066] S5: Simulate the concrete pouring process and dynamically optimize the pouring strategy;

[0067] S6: Generate an as-built model after each section is constructed, automatically compare and analyze the as-built model with the BIM model, and generate a BIM model optimization strategy.

[0068] (1) BIM model construction: ① Establish a three-dimensional parametric BIM model of the cable tower, integrating the rigid skeleton, formwork system, cable guide tube, hydraulic climbing formwork device and steel bar binding data; ② Divide the cable tower into construction segments (the standard segment length is 6.0m) according to the size of the hydraulic climbing formwork and hydraulic sliding formwork construction formwork, and make local adjustments to the conflicting positions of various embedded parts, cable guide tubes and casting joints to form a segment division that can directly guide on-site construction; ③ The model is embedded with construction timing logic to simulate dynamic processes such as hydraulic climbing formwork climbing, formwork support, and concrete pouring; ④ Generate the three-dimensional coordinates of the rigid skeleton positioning, cable guide tube installation angle and formwork adjustment parameter package based on the construction model.

[0069] (2) Intelligent positioning of the rigid skeleton: ① The BIM model is used to extract the three-dimensional coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton, and millimeter-level positioning is achieved through synchronization of the total station and BIM cloud data; ② After the skeleton is assembled, the laser scanning point cloud data is compared with the BIM model, and correction instructions are automatically generated when the deviation exceeds the limit.

[0070] (3) Dynamic control of hydraulic climbing formwork and formwork: ① The climbing formwork system is equipped with an inclination sensor and a displacement meter to collect data on the verticality and horizontality of the formwork in real time and feed it back to the BIM platform; ② Based on the BIM model, the construction parameters of the next section are previewed and the opening and closing dimensions of the formwork and the climbing trajectory of the climbing formwork are dynamically adjusted.

[0071] (4) Cable duct BIM model-total station collaborative positioning: ① Preview the spatial position of the cable duct in the BIM model, and calculate the thermal deformation compensation amount in combination with temperature field simulation; ② Use the total station for on-site tracking and positioning, and correct the installation error in real time through the BIM-measurement robot linkage system.

[0072] (5) Intelligent monitoring of concrete pouring: ① Simulate the concrete pouring sequence, vibration points and temperature control curve in the BIM model; ② Deploy strain sensors and temperature probes on site, map the data to the BIM model in real time, and dynamically optimize the pouring speed and maintenance strategy.

[0073] (6) Closed-loop management of construction errors: ① After each section is constructed, a completion model is generated through 3D laser scanning and automatically compared and analyzed with the BIM design model; ② When the cumulative error exceeds the threshold, the iterative update of the model parameters is triggered to guide the adaptive adjustment of subsequent processes.

[0074] In this application;

[0075] 1) BIM model construction: The model accuracy must meet construction control requirements and be accurate to the millimeter level. The BIM model needs to undergo various professional soft and hard collision tests to optimize and adjust local steel bars, rigid frames, and construction segments. The rigid frame of each construction segment of the cable tower is composed of multiple single-piece trusses and steel sections. The rigid frame installation and positioning steps include initial positioning, deviation correction, and fixation. The three-dimensional coordinates of each node of the rigid frame are extracted from the BIM model and synchronized with the cloud data of the total station to achieve millimeter-level positioning. At the same time, laser scanning point cloud data is used for comparison, and correction instructions are automatically generated if the deviation exceeds the limit.

[0076] 2) Cable duct BIM model-total station collaborative positioning: The 3D coordinates of the cable duct's upper and lower ends are extracted from the 3D model. Crosshairs are set at the upper and lower ends of the cable duct using angle steel, and the positions of the upper and lower ends are then laid out and positioned sequentially using a total station on the cable duct positioning frame. A 3D model of the climbing formwork and template is generated using 3D laser point cloud technology. This model is then matched and analyzed with the theoretical model, and adjustment parameters are automatically generated until control accuracy is achieved. The hydraulic climbing formwork's ascent route is optimized based on segment heights to achieve optimal construction conditions. Intelligent concrete pouring monitoring optimizes the calibration sequence and temperature control curve based on the BIM model, and optimizes the pouring sequence and curing strategy based on measured data. The cable tower is constructed by splicing several straight-line towers together, creating a curved structure by replacing curves with straight lines. The concrete pouring sequence, vibration points, and temperature control curve are simulated in the BIM model. 2) Strain sensors and temperature probes are deployed on-site, and the data is mapped to the BIM model in real time to dynamically optimize the pouring speed and curing strategy.

[0077] 3) Closed-loop management of construction errors: actual construction results are compared and analyzed with the BIM design model for each section. Once the deviation exceeds the set threshold, an early warning will be issued to iteratively update the parameters and guide subsequent construction to make adaptive adjustments.

[0078] This application establishes a BIM model for the cable tower, uses the BIM model to extract the three-dimensional coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton, and then positions it. After the rigid skeleton is assembled, if the deviation exceeds the limit, a correction instruction is automatically generated, template data is collected in real time, the construction parameters of the next segment are previewed based on the BIM model, and the template is dynamically adjusted. The spatial position of the cable guide is previewed, the thermal deformation compensation amount is calculated, and the installation error is corrected in real time. The concrete pouring process is simulated, and the pouring strategy is dynamically optimized. After each segment is constructed, an as-built model is generated, and the as-built model and the BIM model are automatically compared and analyzed to generate a BIM model optimization strategy. By establishing a BIM model, this method makes local adjustments to the position conflicts of various embedded parts, cable guides, and pouring joints, forming a segment division that can directly guide on-site construction, effectively improving the level of construction control, reducing rework, and improving construction efficiency.

[0079] Example 2: The BIM model is a three-dimensional parametric BIM model of the cable tower. The BIM model integrates the data of the rigid skeleton, formwork system, cable guide tube, hydraulic climbing formwork device and steel bar binding. The cable tower is aligned according to the dimensions of the hydraulic climbing formwork and hydraulic sliding formwork construction formwork, and the conflicting positions of various embedded parts, cable guide tubes and casting joints are locally adjusted to optimize the construction segment division. The construction timing logic is embedded in the BIM model to simulate the dynamic processes of hydraulic climbing formwork climbing, formwork support and concrete pouring. Based on the BIM model, the three-dimensional coordinates of the rigid skeleton positioning, the cable guide tube installation angle and the formwork adjustment amount parameter package are generated. The cable tower BIM model is established based on the cable tower information, including the following steps:

[0080] Obtain information such as the structural design drawings, construction specifications, embedded parts layout, cable conduit layout plan, and steel bar binding plan of the cable tower, and obtain the dimensions and related parameters of the hydraulic climbing formwork and hydraulic sliding formwork construction formwork.

[0081] Based on this information, a 3D parametric BIM model was created, encompassing the tower's geometry, structure, process, and construction logic. The BIM model integrates the following data and components: the rigid frame, formwork system, cable guides, hydraulic climbing formwork, and rebar tying data.

[0082] The cable tower is divided into sections according to the formwork size and construction technology, and local structural adjustments are made to various embedded parts, cable ducts, casting joints and other locations prone to conflict to ensure construction space and construction safety. The timing logic of dynamic construction processes such as hydraulic climbing formwork, formwork support and concrete pouring is embedded in the BIM model to achieve dynamic simulation of the construction process, assist in the optimization and layout adjustment of the construction plan, and automatically generate the following based on the BIM model: the three-dimensional coordinates of the rigid skeleton positioning, the cable duct installation angle and the formwork adjustment amount to form a parameter package for positioning layout, formwork adjustment and on-site construction.

[0083] Specifically:

[0084] Input the tower design parameters, including height, cross-sectional dimensions, rigid skeleton node coordinates, cable guide layout, embedded parts location, rebar binding information, and formwork parameters. Generate the tower geometry and segments based on these parameters. Embed the rigid skeleton, cable guides, rebar, formwork system, and hydraulic climbing formwork into the model. Define the construction sequence, including the construction segment sequence, climbing formwork trajectory, and pouring process. Export parameter packages, including the rigid skeleton 3D coordinates, cable guide angles, and formwork adjustment amounts. Automatically generate a tower segment and BIM model attributes using Python and ifcopenshell (the open-source BIMIFC library). The installation library is pip-install-ifcopenshell. The following is an example of automated BIMIFC model generation code:

[0085] Import-ifcopenshell

[0086] Import-ifcopenshell.api

[0087] #Create IFC file

[0088] ifc_file=ifcopenshell.api.run("project.create_file")

[0089] #Add project information

[0090] project=ifcopenshell.api.run("root.create_entity",ifc_file,ifc_class="If cProject",name="Sota BIM Model")

[0091] ifcopenshell.api.run("unit.assign_unit",ifc_file)

[0092] #Define tower parameters

[0093] tower_height=100.0#Unit: meter

[0094] segment_height=5.0#Height of each segment

[0095] num_segments=int(tower_height / segment_height)

[0096] base_size=5.0#Bottom cross-section size (m)

[0097] #Create tower segments

[0098] For-i-in-range(num_segments):

[0099] z_pos=i*segment_height

[0100] size=base_size*(1-(z_pos / tower_height)*0.5)#The higher the smaller the cross section

[0101] name=f"Section {i+1}"

[0102] # Create geometric blocks

[0103] product=ifcopenshell.api.run("root.create_entity",ifc_file,ifc_class="IfcBuildingElementProxy",name=name)

[0104] representation=ifcopenshell.api.run("geometry.add_profile_representation",

[0105] ifc_file,

[0106] context=None,

[0107] shape="SweptSolid",

[0108] profiles=[(0,0),(size,0),(size,size),(0,size)],

[0109] extrusion = segment_height)

[0110] #Associative geometry

[0111] ifcopenshell.api.run("geometry.assign_representation",ifc_file,product=product,representation=representation)

[0112] #Set location

[0113] ifcopenshell.api.run("geometry.assign_local_placement",ifc_file,product=product,matrix=[[1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,1,z_pos],[0,0,0,1]])

[0114] #Save IFC file

[0115] ifc_file.write("Tower BIM Model.ifc")

[0116] print("Automatic creation of the Sota BIM model is complete!")

[0117] The code example automatically generates a segmented geometry model based on tower height, number of segments, and cross-sectional dimensions. Each segment's cross-sectional area linearly decreases with height. A 3D parametric BIMIFC file is automatically generated, allowing for direct viewing in Revit, Navisworks, or BIM viewer software.

[0118] The intelligent positioning of the rigid frame is achieved through synchronization of total station and BIM cloud data. After the rigid frame is assembled, the laser scanning point cloud data is compared with the BIM model, and correction instructions are automatically generated if the deviation exceeds the limit. The BIM model is used to extract the 3D coordinates of each node of the rigid frame and then position it. After the rigid frame is assembled, if the deviation exceeds the limit, correction instructions are automatically generated. The following steps are included:

[0119] Based on the established 3D parametric BIM model of the cable tower, the coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton in 3D space are extracted and marked as: Where, are the preset three-dimensional coordinate values of the i-th node in the BIM model.

[0120] Import the node coordinates extracted above into the total station, and perform positioning and setting out based on these coordinate points on site. These coordinate points will serve as the reference points for the on-site rigid frame assembly and positioning. The node positioning and component assembly of the rigid frame will be completed on site according to the positioning points provided by the total station. After the rigid frame assembly is completed, a laser scanner will be used to perform a three-dimensional scan of the entire assembled rigid frame to obtain the actual node spatial position, which will be recorded as: are the actual three-dimensional coordinate values of the i-th node in the laser scanning point cloud (unit: meter).

[0121] The point-by-point deviation calculation is performed between the preset 3D coordinate values of the nodes in the BIM model and the actual 3D coordinate values of the nodes obtained by laser scanning. The deviation calculation formula is as follows: Where ΔX i , ΔY i , ΔZ i is the deviation value of the i-th node in the X, Y, and Z directions (unit: meter). Then, the total deviation of the i-th node in three dimensions is calculated as follows:

[0122] Where D i is the total deviation of the three-dimensional space of the i-th node. If the D i >D max , D max Indicates the maximum allowable deviation. If node i is judged to be out of the allowable deviation range, a correction instruction is automatically generated. The correction instruction content includes adjusting the corresponding deviation amount of node i in the opposite direction. The specific example is as follows:

[0123] Node number: 12

[0124] Current deviation: ΔX = +0.012m, ΔY = -0.008m, ΔZ = +0.015m;

[0125] Adjustment suggestions: Move 12mm in the negative direction of the X axis, 8mm in the positive direction of the Y axis, 15mm in the negative direction of the Z axis, and so on.

[0126] The climbing formwork system is equipped with an inclination sensor and displacement meter to collect formwork data in real time. The formwork data includes formwork verticality and horizontality data. Based on the BIM model, the construction parameters of the next section are previewed and the formwork is dynamically adjusted, including the opening and closing dimensions of the formwork and the climbing trajectory. Real-time collection of formwork data, preview of the construction parameters of the next section based on the BIM model, and dynamic adjustment of the formwork include the following steps:

[0127] The sensor equipment carried by the climbing formwork system includes:

[0128] Tilt sensor: real-time monitoring of the verticality of the template (front and back tilt and left and right tilt angles),

[0129] Displacement meter: monitors the horizontal and vertical displacement of the template relative to the reference position in real time.

[0130] The collected data includes: the current horizontal offset of the template in the X direction, the current horizontal offset of the template in the Y direction, the current vertical offset of the template in the Z direction, the current front and back tilt angles of the template, and the current left and right tilt angles of the template.

[0131] Based on the tower design geometry and construction segment divisions set in the BIM model, the template parameters required for the next segment construction are previewed, including preset opening and closing dimensions and preset climbing heights. In the BIM 3D parametric model, the tower axis is the spatial reference line running through the center of the tower, describing the vertical geometric center trajectory of the entire tower, usually a spatial straight line or curve. The target climbing height of the next segment is obtained by adding the segment height completed by the current climbing formwork to the set single-segment climbing height. Based on the current position and the target position, the spatial climbing direction vector is calculated: Where, is the climbing direction vector, X t 、Y t 、H t is the axis point at the target height, X c 、Y c 、H c For the axis point corresponding to the current height, normalize the climbing direction vector to obtain the unit climbing direction vector and

[0132] The preset opening and closing dimensions include the X-direction formwork dimensions and the Y-direction formwork dimensions. The preset climbing height includes the single climbing formwork lifting height. Based on the tower axis model in the BIM model, the ideal spatial climbing trajectory of each climbing formwork is previewed to determine the formwork movement direction and angle.

[0133] Compare the deviations between the template posture data collected in real time and the template parameters preset in the BIM model, calculate the various deviation values, and the template horizontal displacement deviation: Where ΔX d is the template X-axis displacement deviation, ΔY d is the Y-direction displacement deviation of the template, ΔX t ΔY is the horizontal offset of the current template in the X direction. t The horizontal offset of the current template in the Y direction and the vertical displacement deviation of the template: ΔZ d is the vertical displacement deviation, ΔZ t is the current vertical offset of the template in the Z direction, For a single climbing formwork lifting height, the formwork inclination angle deviation is: θ X is the current front and rear tilt angle of the template, θ Y is the current left and right tilt angle of the template, Δθ X is the front and rear tilt angle deviation of the template, Δθ Y It is the left and right inclination angle deviation of the template.

[0134] If any deviation value of the template exceeds the preset tolerance range (for example, the template X-direction displacement deviation is greater than the X-direction displacement deviation threshold, and so on, no longer given examples one by one), the adjustment amount is automatically calculated based on the deviation amount, and the template X-direction opening and closing size adjustment amount ΔW X : Template Y-direction opening and closing size adjustment ΔW Y : Where, is the current X-direction template size, is the current Y-direction template size, is the template size in the X direction, is the template size in the Y direction, ΔX d is the template X-axis displacement deviation, ΔY d is the Y-direction displacement deviation of the template.

[0135] According to Δθ X , Δθ Y and ΔZ d Correct the next climbing trajectory in real time to ensure synchronous adjustment along the tower axis.

[0136] Preview the cable guide's spatial position in the BIM model, calculate the thermal deformation compensation amount in combination with temperature field simulation, use a total station for tracking and positioning, and correct installation errors in real time through the linkage between the BIM model and the measurement robot. Previewing the cable guide's spatial position, calculating the thermal deformation compensation amount, and then correcting installation errors in real time include the following steps:

[0137] In the BIM model, the design spatial position parameters of each cable guide tube are extracted, including the coordinates of the installation reference point, the installation direction vector, and the installation incident angle (the angle with the tower axis).

[0138] Based on the BIM axis model and the designed posture, the ideal spatial position and posture of the cable guide in the current construction section are calculated. The positioning point calculation expression is: Where, P i is the coordinate of the ideal installation endpoint of the cable guide, L is the length of the cable guide, L is the coordinate of the cable guide installation reference point, The direction vector for the cable guide installation.

[0139] Based on the construction environment temperature, concrete hydration heat and thermal expansion characteristics of the cable guide material, the local temperature field distribution of the cable tower is established to determine the temperature change at each installation position: ΔT = T s -T r , where ΔT is the temperature change, T s is the current construction environment temperature (or simulated temperature), T r With α as the reference design temperature, the length change and displacement offset caused by thermal deformation are calculated according to the thermal expansion law of the cable guide. The deformation in the length direction ΔL is: ΔL=α·L·ΔT, where α is the linear expansion coefficient of the cable guide material, L is the design length of the cable guide, and ΔT is the temperature change. The spatial displacement offset ΔP along the axial direction of the cable guide is calculated as follows: is the cable guide installation direction vector, and the actual installation endpoint coordinate P after thermal deformation is finally calculated. c :P c =P i +ΔP,P i is the coordinate of the ideal installation endpoint of the cable guide, and ΔP is the spatial displacement offset.

[0140] During the installation of the cable guide tube, the actual positioning point P of the cable guide tube is measured in real time using the total station. m :P m (X m ,Y m ,Z m ), compare the actual positioning point of the current cable guide with the actual installation endpoint coordinates after thermal deformation, and calculate the installation deviation: Where, is the installation deviation, X m 、Y m , Z mThe actual positioning point P of the current cable guide m , X g 、Y g , Z g The actual installation endpoint coordinate P after thermal deformation c ,If the installation deviation of the cable guide is greater than the installation ,deviation threshold, it is considered to be out of limit and needs to be ,corrected.

[0141] The measuring robot and the climbing formwork adjustment system are linked to adjust the cable guide positioning according to the following correction amounts: Where, is the X-axis adjustment of the cable guide, is the Y-axis adjustment of the cable guide, It is the Z-adjustment amount of the cable guide.

[0142] Intelligent monitoring of concrete pouring: ① Simulate the concrete pouring process in the BIM model, including the pouring sequence, vibration points, and temperature control curve, and dynamically optimize the pouring strategy, including the dynamic optimization of the pouring speed and maintenance strategy. Simulating the concrete pouring process and dynamically optimizing the pouring strategy include the following steps:

[0143] In the BIM model of the cable tower, the details include: the casting area of each construction segment, the vibration points and concrete in each segment, and the pouring sequence example: bottom ring → center → upper ring. The key points that need to be vibrated are marked to determine the layout sequence.

[0144] According to the concrete mix ratio, ambient temperature and pouring thickness, a temperature change curve model is established: T(t)=T0+R×(1-e -k×t ), where T(t) is the internal temperature of concrete at time t, T0 is the initial mold entry temperature, R is the maximum temperature rise (determined by the hydration heat and curing conditions), and k is the temperature rise rate coefficient. The evolution of temperature fields under different processes, environments, and thicknesses is simulated in BIM.

[0145] According to the simulated temperature curve, pouring volume, and pumping capacity, the pouring speed is adjusted in real time. Theoretical pouring speed: V c is the concrete pouring speed per unit time, Q is the pumping flow rate, and A is the pouring cross-sectional area.

[0146] If the internal temperature of the concrete at time t exceeds the temperature safety threshold, the pouring speed is slowed down, and the vibration frequency and sequence are adjusted based on the real-time monitoring of the concrete density and segregation. If segregation or honeycombing occurs, increase the vibration frequency. If the pouring speed slows down, extend the vibration time.

[0147] Adjustment of maintenance strategy: Real-time monitoring of the temperature difference between inside and outside. If the temperature difference exceeds the limit, increase surface coverage and insulation, adjust the frequency of watering or steam maintenance parameters.

[0148] After each section is constructed, an as-built model is generated through 3D laser scanning. The as-built model is automatically compared and analyzed with the BIM model to generate a BIM model optimization strategy, including the following steps:

[0149] The point cloud data of the completed model is registered with the BIM model coordinate system. The registration error function expression is: Where, E ICP is the registration error, N is the number of point clouds, P a is the coordinate of the ath target point in the BIM model, Q a is the coordinate of the corresponding point a in the completed point cloud, R is the rotation matrix, F is the translation vector, and ||*|| represents the Euclidean norm.

[0150] Based on the registration error function, the goal is to minimize the sum of squared Euclidean distances between two sets of point clouds to obtain the optimal registration.

[0151] First, the points in the BIM model are matched one-to-one with the points measured on the construction site. This is typically done by using the closest distance method. Each point in the BIM model is matched to the nearest point in the construction point cloud. This pairing is then established, and the geometric center of each point cloud is calculated. The geometric center is the center position of the group of points, calculated by averaging the coordinates of all points.

[0152] Subtracting the geometric center coordinates of each point in the BIM model point cloud and the construction point cloud is equivalent to moving both point clouds closer to the origin. This eliminates the effects of overall translation, preserving only differences in shape and orientation. Multiplying and summing the position vectors of each pair of corresponding points yields a matrix reflecting the spatial distribution relationship between the two point clouds. This matrix describes the spatial morphological relationship between the two point clouds.

[0153] The matrix obtained in the previous step is decomposed to separate the information representing spatial rotation and shape transformation. This decomposition process can break down complex spatial relationships into standardized rotation and scaling components.

[0154] Based on the decomposition results, the optimal rotation matrix is calculated so that the construction point cloud can fit the BIM model point cloud as closely as possible after rotation. If the calculated result has reflections (such as reversed direction), the decomposition result needs to be corrected and the rotation matrix recalculated.

[0155] Using the previously calculated rotation matrix, the construction point cloud is rotated to the corresponding position, and then the offset between it and the geometric center of the BIM model point cloud is calculated. This offset is the final translation vector.

[0156] The calculated rotation matrix and translation vector are applied to the construction point cloud and the residual distance between them and the BIM model point cloud is calculated. If the residual distance is small enough, or the reduction compared to the previous iteration is below the set threshold, the registration is considered complete; otherwise, the iteration continues.

[0157] After registration, the deviation field between the point cloud model and the BIM model is calculated, and the expression is: Where V is the volume of the contrast segment, D total is the deviation field, p(x, y, z) is the position vector of the as-built model at the spatial point (x, y, z), b(x, y, z) is the position vector of the BIM model at the same spatial point (x, y, z), and ||*|| represents the Euclidean norm. This formula is used to calculate the average deviation of all points in the entire segment space.

[0158] According to the deviation field, determine whether the overall deviation exceeds the limit, and mark the partition: if D total ≤D max , judged as qualified, if D total >D max , determine abnormality, D max is the construction allowable deviation threshold. When an abnormality is determined, the BIM model optimization strategy is generated, including: adjusting the three-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding node in the BIM model according to the direction and size of the deviation vector: b ′ (x,y,z)=b(x,y,z)+U×Δd(x,y,z), where b ′ (x, y, z) is the adjusted 3D coordinate of the node, b(x, y, z) is the adjusted 3D coordinate of the node, Δd(x, y, z) = p(x, y, z) - b(x, y, z), U is the adjustment coefficient, and U = 0.2. Calculate the climbing deviation trend and correct the climbing trajectory of the next segment:

[0159] Where θ opt is the optimized climbing angle, θ ori From the original BIM model design perspective, is the mean climbing angle deviation of this section, β is the climbing formwork trajectory adjustment coefficient, and β = 0.1. The corrected rigid skeleton nodes and formwork climbing trajectory parameters are synchronized and updated to the BIM model in real time.

[0160] Example 3: In this example, the construction of an A-shaped cable tower for a cable-stayed bridge is taken as an example: the cable tower is 207.5m high; the lower tower column is about 95m high from the top of the pedestal to the turning point of the middle and lower tower columns, the middle tower column is 20m high from the turning point to the center of the bridge deck, and the upper tower column is 93m high from the center of the bridge deck to the top of the tower. It is vertical in the longitudinal direction of the bridge and inward in the transverse direction of the bridge, forming an A-shape. A-shaped towers are installed horizontally above the bridge deck to improve torsional resistance, and a single-column reinforced concrete structure is installed below the bridge deck. The planar dimensions of the pedestal are 24.6m (transverse to the bridge) × 20.4m (longitudinal to the bridge), and the thickness is 6m. The foundation uses 30 bored cast-in-place piles with a diameter of 2.0m and a length of 25m, which are rock-embedded piles.

[0161] Specifically:

[0162] (1) Use Revit to build a parametric cable tower BIM model, and import it into Navisworks for 4D construction simulation; Based on the construction design drawings, use Revit to build a concrete cable tower BIM model, and divide the main tower into construction segments according to the size of the hydraulic climbing formwork and hydraulic sliding formwork (the standard segment length is 6.0m). Import the completed 3D model into Navisworks for 4D construction simulation, and make local adjustments to the conflicting positions of various embedded parts, cable guides, and casting joints to form a segment division that can directly guide on-site construction; Based on the optimized and adjusted construction segments, the key elevation position coordinates of the cable tower construction segment can be extracted from the 3D model, including the axis points, corner points, and control point coordinates of the cable tower section internal components;

[0163] (2) During the installation phase of the rigid frame, the BIM coordinate data is received through the Leica total station to complete the rapid positioning of the frame. The rigid frame is positioned based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, and the end corners of its component trusses are selected as construction control points. The trusses are installed using the total station in conjunction with the crane. The truss positions are adjusted until the coordinate accuracy of each control point meets the construction requirements. The trusses are welded and fixed, and the trusses are connected into a whole with steel sections, thus completing the accurate positioning of the rigid frame.

[0164] The truss is positioned using the total station 3D coordinate method. Except for the first truss section, which controls the bottom and top corner points, the remaining trusses all control the 3D coordinates of the four corner points of the top surface.

[0165] The installation and positioning steps of a single truss include initial positioning, deviation correction, and fixation. When installing the truss, first lay out the bottom edge of each rigid frame according to the designed position, so that the state of each frame after lifting basically matches the installation requirements, thereby improving installation efficiency. After the truss is lifted into place, the truss is bolted to the embedded section in the tower base or the single-section frame below, and the initial tightening is performed to complete the initial positioning. After the initial positioning of the truss is completed, the coordinates of the truss control points are measured using a total station. The tower crane is guided to adjust the rigid frame based on the measurement results. After the overall installation accuracy meets the requirements, all the connecting bolts are tightened to complete the deviation correction. After the deviation correction is completed, the four sides of the bottom of the truss are welded and fixed.

[0166] Following the above steps, all trusses within the same section are hoisted and laid out in position. Once the rigid frame is installed and positioned, a total station's 3D coordinate system is used to lay out the inner edge frame lines of the vertical main reinforcement and the tower's cross-section axis at the same elevation. Measurement marks are placed on the rigid frame, and the main reinforcement is tied or welded to the rigid frame to achieve the desired positioning. The overall order of reinforcement installation within the tower is: vertical main reinforcement → horizontal circumferential reinforcement → closed stirrups between the inner and outer layers of main reinforcement → chamfered reinforcement and hook bars.

[0167] (3) The hydraulic climbing formwork system integrates a QR code identifier, which automatically retrieves the corresponding segment template parameters in the BIM model after scanning; hydraulic climbing formwork and formwork installation: a number of inner and outer templates are set along the outer side of the rigid frame, and the inner and outer templates are fixed with bolts. The inner and outer templates are initially positioned based on the rigid frame and accurately positioned based on the template corner coordinates;

[0168] (4) The cable guide tube adopts the dual control mode of "BIM pre-positioning + total station tracking correction", and the maximum angle deviation after installation is ≤0.1°; before installing the cable guide tube, first hoist the cable guide tube positioning frame to the specified position to support the cable guide tube, and then extract the three-dimensional coordinates of the center positions of the upper and lower ends of the cable guide tube from the three-dimensional model as the control point coordinates for the cable guide tube positioning; use angle steel to set cross wire frames at the upper and lower ends of the cable guide tube, where the center of the upper and lower ends is located at the junction of the angle steels, and a special reflective sheet for the total station is attached at the center point to directly measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the center points of the upper and lower ends of the cable guide tube; finally, use the total station, a hand winch and a tower crane to determine the positions of the upper and lower ends of the cable guide tube on the positioning frame in turn; when the error between the measurement result of the cable guide tube outlet point coordinate mark and the design value is controlled within ±5.0mm, the cable guide tube support and the positioning frame are symmetrically welded.

[0169] (5) During concrete pouring, the BIM platform displays the pouring progress and temperature cloud map in real time, and automatically warns of cold joint risks. For concrete pouring, the lower cable tower is at a lower height, so a car pump is preferred. When conditions are limited, a delivery pump is used to pump the concrete into the mold. The cable tower concrete is cured by spraying. After the mold is removed, a circle of soft water pipes is arranged at the top of each segment. Holes are drilled in the water pipes at 50 cm intervals, and high-pressure water pumps are used to supply water. The curing water is naturally sprayed out and flows along the tower body, forming a moisturizing curing method.

[0170] (6) Closed-loop management of construction errors: After the construction of each section is completed, the corresponding as-built model is generated with the help of advanced 3D laser scanning technology. The generated as-built model is then automatically compared and analyzed with the BIM design model carefully created in advance. Through the intelligent comparison algorithm, the system will compare each detail between the as-built model and the BIM design model one by one, including dimensional deviations, position differences, morphological changes, etc., so as to timely and comprehensively identify possible problems. The iteratively updated model can provide scientific and accurate guidance for the adaptive adjustment of subsequent processes.

[0171] Through the above implementation steps, the main tower cable tower of the present invention can be formed. After being formed, the main tower cable tower is formed by splicing a plurality of straight-line cable towers together, and an arc-shaped cable tower structure is formed by replacing the curve with the straight line.

[0172] Example 4: Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment proposes a concrete cable tower construction modeling system based on BIM technology, including a model building module, a correction module, a dynamic adjustment module, and a strategy generation module;

[0173] Model building module: Build the tower BIM model based on the tower information, and send the BIM model to the correction module, dynamic adjustment module and strategy generation module;

[0174] Correction module: Uses the BIM model to extract the three-dimensional coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton and then locates it. After the rigid skeleton is assembled, if the deviation exceeds the limit, a correction instruction is automatically generated. The rigid skeleton assembly and correction results are sent to the strategy generation module;

[0175] Dynamic Adjustment Module: This module collects template data in real time, previews the construction parameters of the next section based on the BIM model, dynamically adjusts the template, previews the spatial position of the cable guide, calculates thermal deformation compensation, and corrects installation errors in real time. It also simulates the concrete pouring process and dynamically optimizes the pouring strategy. The results of the dynamic template adjustment and the pouring strategy optimization are sent to the strategy generation module.

[0176] Strategy generation module: Generates an as-built model after each section is constructed, automatically compares and analyzes the as-built model with the BIM model, and generates a BIM model optimization strategy.

[0177] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. For specific understanding, please refer to the context.

[0178] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0179] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0180] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A concrete cable tower construction modeling method based on BIM technology, characterized by: A BIM model is constructed to dynamically drive the hydraulic climbing formwork construction, and combined with real-time feedback of multi-source sensor data and adaptive compensation of construction errors to form a closed-loop control system for cable tower construction.

2. A concrete cable tower construction modeling method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modeling method comprises the following steps: S1: Establish a tower BIM model based on tower information; S2: Use the BIM model to extract the three-dimensional coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton and then locate them. After the rigid skeleton is assembled, if the deviation exceeds the limit, the correction instruction is automatically generated; S3: Real-time acquisition of template data, preview of next section construction parameters based on the BIM model, and dynamic adjustment of the template; S4: Preview the spatial position of the cable guide, calculate the thermal deformation compensation, and correct the installation error in real time; S5: Simulate the concrete pouring process and dynamically optimize the pouring strategy; S6: Generate an as-built model after each section is constructed, automatically compare and analyze the as-built model with the BIM model, and generate a BIM model optimization strategy.

3. The method for modeling concrete cable tower construction based on BIM technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: After each section is constructed, an as-built model is generated and automatically compared and analyzed with the BIM model, including the following steps: After registration, the deviation field between the point cloud model and the BIM model is calculated, and the expression is: Where V is the volume of the contrast segment, D total is the deviation field, p(x,y,z) is the position vector of the as-built model at the spatial point (x,y,z), b(x,y,z) is the position vector of the BIM model at the same spatial point (x,y,z), and ||*|| represents the Euclidean norm; According to the deviation field, determine whether the overall deviation exceeds the limit, and mark the partition: if D total ≤D max , judged as qualified, if D total >D max , determine abnormality, D max The construction tolerance threshold.

4. The method for modeling concrete cable tower construction based on BIM technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: Preview the spatial position of the cable guide, calculate the thermal deformation compensation, and correct the installation error in real time, including the following steps: In the BIM model, the design spatial position parameters of each cable guide are extracted, including the installation reference point coordinates, installation direction vector, and installation incident angle; Calculate the ideal spatial position and posture of the cable guide in the current construction section based on the BIM axis model and design posture; Based on the construction environment temperature, concrete hydration heat and thermal expansion characteristics of the cable conduit material, the local temperature field distribution of the cable tower is established to determine the temperature variation at each installation location; During the cable conduit installation process, the actual positioning point of the current cable conduit is measured in real time using a total station. The actual positioning point of the current cable conduit is compared with the coordinates of the actual installation endpoint after thermal deformation to calculate the installation deviation. If the installation deviation of the cable conduit exceeds the installation deviation threshold, it is considered to be out of limit and needs to be corrected. The measuring robot and climbing formwork adjustment system are linked to adjust the cable guide tube positioning according to the correction amount.

5. The method for modeling concrete cable tower construction based on BIM technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: Preview the construction parameters of the next section based on the BIM model and dynamically adjust the template, including the following steps: Based on the tower design geometry and construction segment divisions defined in the BIM model, the formwork parameters required for the next segment construction were previewed, including preset opening and closing dimensions and preset climbing heights. The preset opening and closing dimensions include the X-direction formwork dimensions and the Y-direction formwork dimensions, and the preset climbing height includes the single climbing formwork lifting height; Based on the tower axis model in the BIM model, the ideal spatial climbing trajectory of each formwork climbing is pre-performed to determine the formwork movement direction and angle; Compare the deviations between the template posture data collected in real time and the template parameters preset in the BIM model, and calculate the deviation values; If any deviation value of the template exceeds the preset tolerance range, the adjustment amount is automatically calculated based on the deviation amount.

6. The method for modeling concrete cable tower construction based on BIM technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: Compare the deviations between the template posture data collected in real time and the template parameters preset in the BIM model, calculate the various deviation values, and the template horizontal displacement deviation: Where ΔX d is the template X-axis displacement deviation, ΔY d is the Y-direction displacement deviation of the template, ΔX t ΔY is the horizontal offset of the current template in the X direction. t The horizontal offset of the current template in the Y direction and the vertical displacement deviation of the template: ΔZ d is the vertical displacement deviation, ΔZ t is the current vertical offset of the template in the Z direction, For a single climbing formwork lifting height, the formwork inclination angle deviation is: θ X is the current front and rear tilt angle of the template, θ Y is the current left and right tilt angle of the template, Δθ X is the front and rear tilt angle deviation of the template, Δθ Y The left and right inclination angle deviation of the template; Automatically calculate the adjustment amount based on the deviation, and adjust the template's X-direction opening and closing size ΔW X : Template Y-direction opening and closing size adjustment ΔW Y : Where, is the current X-direction template size, is the current Y-direction template size, is the template size in the X direction, is the template size in the Y direction, ΔX d is the template X-axis displacement deviation, ΔY d is the Y-direction displacement deviation of the template.

7. The method for modeling concrete cable tower construction based on BIM technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the rigid frame is assembled, if the deviation exceeds the limit, a correction instruction is automatically generated, including the following steps: Based on the established 3D parametric BIM model of the cable tower, the coordinates of each node of the rigid skeleton in 3D space are extracted and marked as: Where, are the preset three-dimensional coordinate values of the i-th node in the BIM model; Import the extracted node preset 3D coordinate values into the total station, and perform positioning and setting out on site based on the preset 3D coordinate values, which serve as the reference points for on-site rigid frame assembly and positioning; According to the positioning and lofting, the node positioning and components of the rigid skeleton are assembled. After the assembly is completed, a laser scanner is used to perform a three-dimensional scan of the entire assembled rigid skeleton to obtain the actual node spatial position, which is recorded as: are the actual three-dimensional coordinate values of the i-th node in the laser scanning point cloud; After calculating the point-by-point deviation between the preset 3D coordinate values of the nodes in the BIM model and the actual 3D coordinate values of the nodes obtained by laser scanning, the total 3D space deviation D of the i-th node is calculated. i , if the D of node i i >D max , D max Indicates the maximum allowable deviation. If node i exceeds the allowable deviation range, a correction instruction is automatically generated. The correction instruction includes adjusting the corresponding deviation amount of node i in the opposite direction.

8. The method for modeling concrete cable tower construction based on BIM technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The point-by-point deviation calculation is performed between the preset 3D coordinate values of the nodes in the BIM model and the actual 3D coordinate values of the nodes obtained by laser scanning. The deviation calculation formula is: Where ΔX i , ΔY i , ΔZ i is the deviation value of the i-th node in the X, Y, and Z directions; Calculate the total deviation of the three-dimensional space of the i-th node. The expression is: Where D i is the total deviation of the three-dimensional space of the i-th node.

9. The method for modeling concrete cable tower construction based on BIM technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The BIM model is a three-dimensional parametric BIM model of the cable tower, which integrates the rigid skeleton, formwork system, cable guide tube, hydraulic climbing formwork device and steel bar binding data; According to the size of hydraulic climbing formwork and hydraulic sliding formwork, the cable tower is adjusted locally, and the conflicting positions of various embedded parts, cable guide tubes and casting joints are adjusted to optimize the division of construction sections; Embed construction timing logic into the BIM model to simulate the dynamic processes of hydraulic climbing formwork, formwork installation, and concrete pouring; Generate the three-dimensional coordinates of the rigid skeleton positioning, cable guide installation angle and template adjustment parameter package based on the BIM model.

10. The method for modeling concrete cable tower construction based on BIM technology according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, the intelligent positioning of the rigid frame is achieved by synchronizing the total station with the BIM cloud data. After the rigid frame is assembled, the laser scanning point cloud data is compared with the BIM model, and correction instructions are automatically generated when the deviation exceeds the limit; In step S3, the climbing formwork system is equipped with an inclination sensor and displacement meter to collect formwork data in real time. The formwork data includes formwork verticality and horizontality data. Based on the BIM model, the construction parameters of the next section are previewed and the formwork is dynamically adjusted, including the opening and closing dimensions of the formwork and the climbing trajectory of the climbing formwork. In step S4, the spatial position of the cable guide is previewed in the BIM model, the thermal deformation compensation is calculated in combination with the temperature field simulation, and the total station is used for tracking and positioning. The installation error is corrected in real time through the linkage between the BIM model and the measurement robot; In step S5, intelligent monitoring of concrete pouring: ① Simulate the concrete pouring process in the BIM model, including the pouring sequence, vibration points and temperature control curve, and dynamically optimize the pouring strategy, including the dynamic optimization of the pouring speed and maintenance strategy; In step S6, after each section is constructed, an as-built model is generated through 3D laser scanning.

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