Composite prevention and control method for ecological restoration of strawberry continuous cropping soil

Abstract

The invention provides a composite prevention and control method for ecological restoration of strawberry continuous cropping soil, which comprises the following steps: soil pretreatment and conditioner application: after strawberries are harvested, removing sick and residual bodies, ploughing the soil by 20-40cm, applying charcoal particles with the particle size of 0.5-2mm according to 3-5t / hectare, and then applying a conditioner to the soil, the biochar particles are prepared by pyrolyzing lignocellulose biomass in a specific anoxic temperature interval and are subjected to surface modification treatment to form a nano metal oxide loading layer; the organic matrix is livestock and poultry manure organic matter which is thoroughly decomposed through sufficient anaerobic fermentation, and the organic matrix is mixed with biochar for application to activate a soil microporous structure and initial microbial activity; in the steam sterilization process, a movable steam generation device with a multi-stage temperature regulation and control function is adopted, uniform saturated steam injection is conducted on a plough layer, and it is ensured that the target soil layer depth reaches and maintains a preset thermophilic spore inactivation temperature threshold value for a specific duration through a real-time temperature sensing feedback system; and then executing a gradient cooling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of planting, and in particular relates to a composite prevention and control method for ecological restoration of soil in continuous strawberry cropping. Background Art

[0002] Currently, soil ecological restoration for continuous strawberry cropping is a key issue facing the sustainable development of facility agriculture. With the expansion of strawberry cultivation and increasing intensification, continuous cropping disorders are becoming increasingly prominent. These disorders manifest themselves in multiple stresses, including the accumulation of soil pathogens, deterioration of physical and chemical properties, reduced enzyme activity, and accumulation of autotoxic substances. These stresses lead to suppressed plant growth, reduced yield and quality, and even total crop failure. While existing prevention and control technologies have alleviated continuous cropping disorders to some extent, they still face systemic deficiencies and technical bottlenecks.

[0003] Chemical control, as a traditional method, has long relied on fumigants and fungicides, leading to increased resistance among pathogens. While broad-spectrum agents like methyl bromide can effectively kill soil microorganisms, their indiscriminate disinfecting disrupts the balance of the soil microbiome. Furthermore, pesticide residues threaten food and environmental safety. The European Union and other regions have banned the use of many chemical disinfectants, forcing technological transformation without creating effective alternatives. Biological control techniques, through the introduction of antagonistic bacteria or microbial agents, regulate the structure of soil microbiota. However, the success rate of colonization by a single bacterial species is significantly affected by the soil environment. The competitive relationship between functional microorganisms and indigenous microbiota is difficult to precisely regulate, resulting in poor stability in field applications. Furthermore, biocontrol agents have a short shelf life and their activity is easily affected by temperature and humidity, leading to significant fluctuations in control effectiveness.

[0004] While crop rotation and fallow can restore soil fertility through biodiversity, the high economic value of strawberry cultivation drives growers to pursue short-term profits. The high fixed investment costs of facility agriculture make it difficult to achieve a reasonable rotation cycle in actual production. Water-land rotation is limited by infrastructure and lacks practical application in greenhouses in northern China. Physical soil disinfection techniques, such as solar high-temperature greenhouses, are constrained by climatic conditions, with sterilization effectiveness plummeting in areas of continuous rain or low temperatures. Steam disinfection, with its high energy consumption and large equipment investment, is difficult to promote among small and medium-sized growers. While the application of organic fertilizers can improve soil structure, uncomposted organic fertilizers carry a higher risk of pathogens, and excessive use can exacerbate the spread of soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, there is a lack of scientific guidance on the ratio of commercial organic fertilizers to native soil nutrients, and blind use can lead to secondary salinization.

[0005] The application of soil conditioners such as biochar mostly remains in the laboratory stage. The remediation effect in field experiments is significantly affected by the source of raw materials, pyrolysis temperature and application method, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is difficult to meet commercial needs. Existing studies mostly focus on single prevention and control methods, ignore the complex pathogenic mechanism of continuous cropping disorders, and fail to establish a coordinated prevention and control system of "pathogen elimination-microecological reconstruction-soil remediation-plant resistance induction". For example, the lack of targeted implantation of functional microbial communities after chemical disinfection leads to an extension of the soil biological vacuum period and an increased risk of secondary infection by pathogens; biological control is disconnected from soil physical and chemical improvement measures, and the activity of functional microorganisms is limited to the buffering performance of the soil after remediation; the breeding cycle of resistant varieties is long and the resistance spectrum is narrow, which cannot cope with the rapid mutation of pathogens. In addition, the soil remediation effect evaluation system is imperfect. Existing indicators are mostly limited to the number of pathogens or single nutrient parameters. A comprehensive evaluation model covering microbial diversity, enzyme activity network, and metabolomics has not been established, resulting in a lack of data support for the optimization of remediation technology. Farmers have problems with fragmented implementation in the process of technology application. They often separate measures such as disinfection, fertilization, and inoculation, and ignore the timing correlation and dosage coupling of technical links. For example, microbial agents are inoculated before the chemical residues are completely degraded, resulting in the inhibition of functional bacteria activity.

[0006] The accumulation of the above technical defects has caused the existing prevention and control measures to be "short-term effective, long-term recurrence". It is urgent to build a composite restoration system with multi-technical module coordination and full-chain regulation to achieve the organic unity of soil microecological reconstruction and system resistance improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention proposes a composite prevention and control method for ecological restoration of strawberry continuous cropping soil, and provides a composite restoration method for strawberry continuous cropping soil that synergistically regulates the soil physical structure, microbial flora and plant immune system, to solve the systemic technical problems of pathogenic microorganism enrichment, accumulation of autotoxic substances, soil microecological imbalance and decreased plant resistance in continuous cropping disorders.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: a composite prevention and control method for soil ecological restoration of continuous strawberry cropping, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Soil pretreatment and conditioner application: After the strawberries are harvested, diseased and damaged debris are removed, the soil is plowed 20-40 cm, and biochar particles with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm are applied at a rate of 3-5 tons / hectare. The biochar particles are produced by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in a specific anoxic temperature range and are surface-modified to form a nano-metal oxide loading layer. The organic matrix is organic matter from livestock and poultry manure that has been fully anaerobically fermented and decomposed. This is mixed with the biochar to activate the soil micropore structure and initial microbial activity.

[0010] Collaborative disinfection: The steam disinfection process uses a mobile steam generator with multi-level temperature control function to uniformly inject saturated steam into the tillage layer. A real-time temperature sensing feedback system ensures that the target soil depth reaches and maintains the preset thermophilic spore inactivation temperature threshold for a specific period of time, followed by a gradient cooling process.

[0011] Functional microbial colonization: Mix the composite microbial agent with the carrier matrix at a mass ratio of 1:10-1:15 and apply it to the planting furrow. The agent contains Trichoderma harzianum T-22, Bacillus subtilis GB03 and Trichoderma aureum LC52. The total viable count is ≥5×10 8 CFU / g, the bacterial matrix consists of vermiculite, humic acid and seaweed extract;

[0012] Resistance induction: Spray a resistance inducer containing chitosan oligosaccharides, γ-aminobutyric acid and brown algae oligosaccharides 3-5 days before planting, with a concentration of 50-80 mg / L;

[0013] Nutrient coordination and regulation: functional liquid bacterial fertilizer containing jelly-like Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas fluorescens was applied by drip irrigation during the budding period, with a live bacterial concentration of ≥1×10 7 CFU / mL, mixed with potassium humate at a volume ratio of 1:20;

[0014] Dynamic monitoring and precise intervention: Regularly monitor soil microbial diversity and supplement with biological control agents containing specific bacteriophages when the abundance of pathogens exceeds the threshold.

[0015] Existing technologies have multiple defects: although chemical disinfectants can kill pathogens in the short term, their indiscriminate disinfecting destroys soil microbial diversity, leading to a secondary outbreak of pathogens after the biological vacuum period, and chemical residues cause environmental pollution and food safety risks; single biological agents fail to colonize due to soil environmental stress (such as pH fluctuations and nutrient competition), and the activity of functional microorganisms is inhibited; physical disinfection technologies (such as solar greenhouses) are restricted by climate and have high energy consumption, making it difficult to achieve deep soil sterilization; blind application of organic fertilizers may introduce unkilled pathogens or aggravate salinization; traditional early warning relies on experience judgment or single pathogen counts, and cannot capture early signals of dynamic imbalance of microbial communities; resistance inducers have a single target, a short duration of effect, and cannot coordinate root nutrient absorption.

[0016] This solution specifically breaks through the following technical difficulties:

[0017] The timing of microecological reconstruction is inconsistent - the biological vacuum period after steam disinfection is misaligned with the microbial colonization window period. By precisely controlling the inactivation temperature of thermophilic spores and linking it with targeted bacteriophage intervention, a seamless transition from "physical disinfection to biological occupation" is achieved.

[0018] Functional microbial colonization barrier – modified biochar loaded with nano-metal oxides creates an antibacterial microenvironment, combined with a composite bacterial matrix (vermiculite-humic acid-seaweed extract) to create a "refuge" for rhizosphere microbial colonization, breaking the competitive exclusion of indigenous microorganisms;

[0019] Low efficiency in inducing systemic resistance - chitosan oligosaccharides / γ-aminobutyric acid / algal oligosaccharides synergistically activate the dual signaling pathways of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, coupled with the rhizosphere immune priming effect of functional bacterial fertilizer, to achieve physiological synchronization of resistance expression and nutrient absorption;

[0020] Dynamic early warning of precise loss - based on the intervention mechanism of pathogen abundance threshold and microbial diversity joint detection, the target pathogens are accurately eliminated through specific phage cocktail preparations to avoid non-targeted disturbance of microecological balance.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the biochar particles are prepared by anaerobic pyrolysis of lignocellulose at 450-600°C and are surface-loaded with a 0.5-1.2% nano-zinc oxide modified layer. An organic matrix is simultaneously applied and mixed with the biochar particles in a dry weight ratio of 1:2-1:3, and the organic matrix comprises decomposed livestock and poultry manure.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the mobile steam generator introduces 110-130°C saturated steam into the tillage layer, maintains the temperature of the 25-35cm soil layer ≥55°C for 4-6 hours, and naturally cools to below 40°C.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, the composite microbial agent is prepared by a graded solid-state fermentation process, and its fermentation matrix comprises a nitrogen source from legume meal pretreated by enzymatic hydrolysis, a carbon source from gelatinized cereal bran, and a cellulose microcrystallized bagasse carrier; the bacterial carrier matrix is composed of a modified vermiculite mineral with a multi-level pore structure, a humic acid component with a humification degree greater than 60%, and a seaweed extract containing fucoidan, and the microbial adhesion is enhanced by surface silanization modification; the composite carrier realizes the spatiotemporal orderly release of functional microorganisms in the rhizosphere microdomain by regulating the pore gradient distribution.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the dynamic monitoring in the dynamic monitoring and precise intervention is carried out through standardized rhizosphere soil sampling and metagenomic sequencing technology to construct a multidimensional evaluation model covering the abundance of pathogenic bacteria genera, microbial diversity index and expression levels of key pathogenic genes; based on the machine learning algorithm, the imbalance characteristics of soil microbial flora caused by historical continuous cropping obstacles are analyzed to dynamically generate pathogenic microorganism warning thresholds; when the relative abundance of specific pathogenic bacteria genera increases abnormally or the detection rate of virulence factor genes exceeds the critical value, the targeted intervention instructions are automatically triggered.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the dynamic monitoring and precise intervention in the precise intervention adopts a composite biological control preparation to respond, which is composed of a combination of phages that specifically lyse target pathogens and a functional carrier; the carrier is a humic acid-based thermosensitive hydrogel with surface modified biodegradable polymer nanoparticles. After being injected into the rhizosphere through a drip irrigation system, the nanoparticles trigger degradation and release of phages in the rhizosphere enzyme environment, and the humic acid components simultaneously adsorb self-toxic substances, thereby achieving targeted elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and coordinated repair of the rhizosphere microchemical environment.

[0026] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This method creates four core benefits: soil microecological reconstruction and synergy - the surface-modified biochar (nanometallic oxide loading layer) provides a specific surface area of ≥300m² / g, strongly adsorbing autotoxic substances such as benzoic acid. Its microporous structure simultaneously optimizes soil aggregates and, combined with the organic matter from decomposed livestock and poultry manure, activates the activity of indigenous microorganisms, increasing the bacterial / fungal diversity index by more than 40%;

[0027] A breakthrough in physical-biological synergistic disinfection: A mobile steam unit maintains a high temperature of ≥55°C in the tillage layer for 4-6 hours, completely killing heat-resistant spores such as Fusarium oxysporum. A phage cocktail then targets and eliminates residual pathogens via enzyme-responsive nanocarriers, reducing pathogen recurrence rates compared to single steam treatment.

[0028] The colonization stability of functional microorganisms has increased significantly - the solid-state fermentation process of the composite microbial agent ensures that the number of viable bacteria is ≥5×10 8 CFU / g, the high cation exchange capacity of vermiculite in the bacterial matrix immobilizes functional microorganisms, and the seaweed extract provides a quorum sensing inducer, which increases the rhizosphere colonization density of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 and the secretion of antibacterial metabolites (chitinase / siderophore);

[0029] Synergistic induction of plant systemic resistance - resistance inducers activate the jasmonic acid signaling pathway (upregulating PDF1.2 gene expression) through chitosan oligosaccharides, γ-aminobutyric acid strengthens the salicylic acid pathway (promoting PR1 protein accumulation), and brown algae oligosaccharides stimulate callose deposition. This triple protection reduces the incidence of gray mold;

[0030] Precise nutrient-immunity regulation: Functional bacterial fertilizer (Bacillus jelly-like subtilis phosphorus solubility > 280 mg / L) combined with potassium humate during the budding period improves phosphorus and potassium utilization, while simultaneously secreting siderophores to inhibit pathogens, achieving synergistic yield increase and disease prevention.

[0031] Innovation in dynamic intervention precision—Metagenomic monitoring targets abnormal pathogen abundance and virulence gene expression, and machine learning triggers phage intervention based on dynamic thresholds. This reduces pesticide usage and shortens restoration cycles compared to traditional empirical control. Ultimately, this achieves the dual ecological and economic benefits of reducing soil pathogen loads in continuous cropping and restoring strawberry yields to rotational crop levels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example:

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a composite prevention and control method for soil ecological restoration in strawberry continuous cropping comprises the following steps:

[0037] Soil pretreatment and conditioner application: After the strawberries are harvested, diseased and damaged debris are removed, the soil is plowed 20-40 cm, and biochar particles with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm are applied at a rate of 3-5 tons / hectare. The biochar particles are produced by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in a specific anoxic temperature range and are surface-modified to form a nano-metal oxide loading layer. The organic matrix is organic matter from livestock and poultry manure that has been fully anaerobically fermented and decomposed. This is mixed with the biochar to activate the soil micropore structure and initial microbial activity.

[0038] Collaborative disinfection: The steam disinfection process uses a mobile steam generator with multi-level temperature control function to uniformly inject saturated steam into the tillage layer. A real-time temperature sensing feedback system ensures that the target soil depth reaches and maintains the preset thermophilic spore inactivation temperature threshold for a specific period of time, followed by a gradient cooling process.

[0039] Functional microbial colonization: Mix the composite microbial agent with the carrier matrix at a mass ratio of 1:10-1:15 and apply it to the planting furrow. The agent contains Trichoderma harzianum T-22, Bacillus subtilis GB03 and Trichoderma aureum LC52. The total viable count is ≥5×10 8 CFU / g, the bacterial matrix consists of vermiculite, humic acid and seaweed extract;

[0040] Resistance induction: Spray a resistance inducer containing chitosan oligosaccharides, γ-aminobutyric acid and brown algae oligosaccharides 3-5 days before planting, with a concentration of 50-80 mg / L;

[0041] Nutrient coordination and regulation: functional liquid bacterial fertilizer containing jelly-like Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas fluorescens was applied by drip irrigation during the budding period, with a live bacterial concentration of ≥1×10 7 CFU / mL, mixed with potassium humate at a volume ratio of 1:20;

[0042] Dynamic monitoring and precise intervention: Regularly monitor soil microbial diversity and supplement with biological control agents containing specific bacteriophages when the abundance of pathogens exceeds the threshold.

[0043] For example, during the strawberry planting season in a three-year strawberry-rice rotation system, the soil was compacted and harbored Fusarium spores after the previous rice harvest. This program, initiated 60 days before strawberry planting, aims to restore the soil microecology and disrupt the cycle of soil-borne diseases.

[0044] Step 1: Soil pretreatment and conditioner application

[0045] After clearing diseased residue from the previous crop, deep plowing and sun-drying were carried out, using a rotary tiller to a depth of 30 cm (to ensure both activating the tillage layer and exposing pathogen spores). Biochar particles (1mm in diameter, ensuring pore connectivity and gas diffusion efficiency) were applied at a rate of 4 tons / hectare. These particles were made by anoxic pyrolysis of rice husks at 520°C (using a lignocellulosic raw material to ensure carbon stability) and coated with a nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) layer using a sol-gel method to enhance contact inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum. A composted pig manure organic matrix (dry weight ratio of 1:2.5) was simultaneously applied, utilizing the humic acid in the humus to activate the actinomycete community (activity was verified by FTIR analysis of carboxyl / phenolic hydroxyl functional groups). During this stage, autotoxic substances such as benzoic acid were adsorbed through the biochar micropores, while the nano-zinc oxide disrupted the integrity of the pathogen's cell membranes. The organic matrix provided an initial carbon source, driving the reconstruction of the microbial metabolic network.

[0046] Step 2: Physical-biological synergistic disinfection

[0047] A tracked steam generator injects 120°C saturated steam into the tillage layer. Distributed thermocouples monitor the soil temperature at 25-35cm. When the temperature reaches 58°C (the critical point for thermophilic spore inactivation), maintain it for 5 hours to ensure complete disintegration of Phytophthora vesicles. During the gradient cooling phase, the temperature decreases at a rate of 8°C per hour to prevent thermal shock from damaging the soil aggregate structure. Once the temperature drops to 40°C, the next step is immediately initiated. This process denatures pathogen proteins while preserving heat-resistant Bacillus spores, creating an ecological niche for functional microbial colonization.

[0048] Step 3: Functional microbial colonization

[0049] The compound inoculant is mixed with the microbial matrix at a mass ratio of 1:12. A trencher is used to create 15cm deep trenches in the planting zone (to ensure contact with the root zone). The vermiculite layer in the matrix immobilizes the microorganisms, while the fucoidan in the seaweed extract induces quorum sensing, causing the Trichoderma hyphae to extend along the crop roots. This phase establishes a three-dimensional control mechanism: "inhibition, growth promotion, and competition."

[0050] Step 4: Systemic resistance induction

[0051] Four days before planting, spray the plants with a resistance inducer (a 65 mg / L solution of chitosan oligosaccharides: γ-aminobutyric acid: algae oligosaccharide at a ratio of 1:0.5:0.8). Chitosan oligosaccharides activate the jasmonic acid pathway via the COI1 receptor, γ-aminobutyric acid enhances salicylic acid-mediated PR protein accumulation, and algae oligosaccharide promotes callose deposition in epidermal cells, creating a synergistic immune barrier.

[0052] Step 5: Nutrient-immune coordinated regulation

[0053] During the budding phase, a functional bacterial fertilizer containing Paenibacillus jelly-like KM1 and Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 was applied through a drip irrigation system. This fertilizer, mixed with potassium humate at a ratio of 1:20, formed a stable colloid. The carboxyl groups of potassium humate complexed with aluminum ions mitigated toxicity, while the phosphate ions released by the strains synergized with potassium to promote anthocyanin synthesis.

[0054] Step 6: Dynamic Intervention

[0055] Rhizosphere soil was collected every 30 days, and metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community structure. When the relative abundance of Fusarium oxysporum exceeded 1.8%, a PLGA-humic acid hydrogel containing FoPH29 bacteriophage was instilled. The PLGA nanoparticles slowly released the phage over 72 hours under rhizosphere phosphatase hydrolysis, while the humic acid component adsorbed phthalate autotoxins, achieving simultaneous pathogen elimination and chemical remediation.

[0056] The comparison between the traditional solution and this application document is shown in Table 1:

[0057] Technical elements Traditional solution This patent solution Design basis and advantages Biochar application Unmodified biochar 3 tons / hectare Nano ZnO modified carbon 4 tons / hectare The specific surface area increased by 2.3 times, and the inhibition rate of Fusarium was improved. Steam sterilization Maintain at 80℃ for 2 hours Maintain 58℃ for 5 hours and then cool down gradually Spore inactivation rate > 99.9% and reduced energy consumption Microbial colonization Single Trichoderma agent broadcasting Three bacteria compound + functional carrier furrow application The rhizosphere colonization period was extended to 120 days (fluorescent labeling and tracing), and the diameter of the inhibition zone was expanded. Resistance induction Single chitosan spraying Triple signaling pathway activator The expression of disease-related proteins increased by 3.1 times, and the systemic resistance lasted for 60 days. Phage delivery Root irrigation with free phage PLGA-humic acid sustained-release system The field half-life was extended from 3 days to 21 days, and the simultaneous clearance rate of self-toxic substances was >89%.

[0058] Table 1 Comparison between traditional scheme and this scheme

[0059] This solution bridges the gap between the biological vacuum period after physical disinfection and the microbial colonization window by integrating three stages: high-temperature disinfection, carrier-protected colonization, and immune induction. The steam stage is precisely controlled at 58°C for 5 hours (based on the TG-DTG thermal decomposition curve of thermophilic spores) to preserve heat-resistant, beneficial Bacillus spores. The temperature is then lowered to 40°C for immediate colonization of functional microorganisms (utilizing the temperature window to inhibit competition from indigenous bacteria). Pre-colonization, resistance inducers are used to activate plant immune memory, forming a three-tiered defense system: soil-microbe-plant.

[0060] The biochar particles are made by pyrolysis of wood cellulose at 450-600°C in the absence of oxygen and are loaded with a 0.5-1.2% nano-zinc oxide modified layer on the surface. An organic matrix is simultaneously applied and mixed with the biochar particles at a dry weight ratio of 1:2-1:3. The organic matrix comprises decomposed livestock and poultry manure. The biochar pyrolysis temperature is set at 450-600°C based on the dual considerations of pore structure optimization and ecological safety: pyrolysis above 450°C causes wood cellulose to form a stable mesoporous structure with a pore size of 2-50nm (specific surface area > 300m² / g), significantly improving the adsorption capacity of self-toxic substances such as benzoic acid (Langmuir model Kd = 4.2 L / kg), while avoiding the risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at temperatures above 600°C; the loading amount of nano-zinc oxide is strictly controlled in the range of 0.5-1.2%. Under the premise of ensuring antibacterial efficiency, the rhizosphere zinc ion concentration is ≤3 mg / kg (below the plant toxicity threshold) through release kinetic regulation, and the photocatalytic activity of 1.0% loading under visible light produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) to enhance the antibacterial effect; the organic matrix and biochar are mixed in a dry weight ratio of 1:2-1:3, and the composted feces (C / N=20-25:1) and high carbon-nitrogen ratio biochar (C / N>80:1) are formulated to the optimal C / N ratio for microbial proliferation (25-30:1). At the same time, organic matter fills the biochar's macropores >10μm to form a 0.5-5μm micro-domain space, creating a habitat microenvironment for functional microorganisms.

[0061] Compared with existing technologies, this design breaks through the antibacterial limitations of traditional unmodified biochar, avoids the risk of pathogens carried by uncomposted organic matter, and increases soil water-stable aggregates through micropore-microorganism synergistic construction, thereby achieving the organic unity of soil physical remediation and biological control.

[0062] The mobile steam generating device introduces saturated water vapor of 110-130° C. into the tillage layer, maintains the temperature of the 25-35 cm soil layer ≥55° C. for 4-6 hours, and then naturally cools to below 40° C. The steam temperature setting of 110-130℃ ensures the thermal penetration efficiency of deep soil, and uses the 2257kJ / kg phase change latent heat released by saturated steam condensation to achieve rapid heating of the cultivated layer; the target soil depth of 25-35cm precisely corresponds to the dense distribution area of strawberry absorbing roots (>80%) and the thick-walled spore enrichment layer of Fusarium (90%); the heat treatment parameters of maintaining ≥55℃ for 4-6 hours are verified by the thermal lethality kinetic model (D55℃=15min, 4h treatment is equivalent to 16D sterilization guarantee value), reducing the germination rate of Phytophthora spores to 0.1% while retaining >90% of soil urease activity; natural cooling to the endpoint temperature of 40℃ connects to the microbial colonization window (40℃ is the optimal germination temperature for Bacillus), and the cooling rate of <10℃ / h prevents clay particles from rupturing. Compared to traditional solutions, this design achieves high spore inactivation rates at depths of 25-35 cm through a real-time temperature feedback system (±1°C accuracy). A gradient cooling strategy maximizes organic matter retention, and combined with a mobile gas-fired generator set, it reduces energy consumption to 95 kWh per mu (approximately 1.5 acres), achieving a dual breakthrough in both high-efficiency disinfection and ecological protection. Parameter synergy is reflected in the reduced steam energy consumption achieved by the modified biochar's increased soil thermal conductivity, as well as the matching temperature of the 40°C cooling endpoint with the colonization of functional microorganisms. Ultimately, this creates a seamless technological chain of "physical disinfection, ecological transition, and biological reconstruction."

[0063] The composite microbial agent is prepared through a graded solid-state fermentation process, and its fermentation matrix contains a nitrogen source from leguminous plant meal pretreated by enzymatic hydrolysis, a carbon source from gelatinized cereal bran, and a cellulose microcrystallized sugarcane bagasse carrier; the bacterial carrier matrix is composed of a modified vermiculite mineral with a multi-level pore structure, a humic acid component with a humification degree greater than 60%, and a seaweed extract containing fucoidan, and the microbial adhesion is enhanced through surface silanization modification; the composite carrier achieves the spatiotemporal orderly release of functional microorganisms in the rhizosphere microdomain by regulating the pore gradient distribution.

[0064] The dynamic monitoring in the dynamic monitoring and precise intervention is carried out through standardized rhizosphere soil sampling and metagenomic sequencing technology to construct a multidimensional evaluation model covering the abundance of pathogenic bacteria genera, microbial diversity index and expression levels of key pathogenic genes; based on the machine learning algorithm, the imbalance characteristics of soil microbial communities caused by historical continuous cropping obstacles are analyzed to dynamically generate pathogenic microorganism warning thresholds; when the relative abundance of specific pathogenic bacteria genera increases abnormally or the detection rate of virulence factor genes exceeds the critical value, the targeted intervention instructions are automatically triggered.

[0065] The precise intervention in the dynamic monitoring and precise intervention adopts a composite biological control preparation to respond, which is composed of a combination of phages that specifically lyse target pathogens and a functional carrier; the carrier is a humic acid-based thermosensitive hydrogel with biodegradable polymer nanoparticles modified on the surface. After being injected into the rhizosphere through a drip irrigation system, the nanoparticles trigger degradation and release of phages in the rhizosphere enzyme environment, and the humic acid components simultaneously adsorb self-toxic substances, thereby achieving targeted elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and coordinated restoration of the rhizosphere microchemical environment.

[0066] Combining modified biochar with an organic matrix: After the strawberry harvest, plant debris is removed and the soil is deep plowed to the tillage depth. Biochar particles, produced from the pyrolysis of lignocellulose and treated to form a nano-metal oxide modified layer, are applied simultaneously with a blend of fully decomposed livestock and poultry manure. Biochar and organic matter are mixed at a predetermined dry weight ratio and incorporated into the rhizosphere through rotary tillage. During this phase, the nano-modified layer inhibits pathogenic microbial activity, the biochar pores absorb autotoxic substances, and the organic matter activates beneficial soil microbial communities, creating the foundation for ecological restoration.

[0067] Intelligent Steam Synergistic Disinfection: A mobile steam generator evenly injects saturated steam into the tillage layer. A real-time temperature monitoring system ensures that the soil reaches and maintains a specific temperature threshold at the target depth for the required duration, inactivating thermophilic pathogens. After disinfection, a gradient cooling process is implemented to prevent soil structural damage. This process effectively kills pathogens while preserving heat-resistant beneficial microorganisms and reserving ecological niches for subsequent microbial colonization.

[0068] Functional Microbial Colonization: A composite microbial inoculant containing specific Trichoderma and Bacillus strains is prepared through a graded fermentation process. The fermentation matrix is composed of processed plant meal, cereal by-products, and a fiber carrier. The carrier matrix is composed of modified mineral materials, highly active humic acid components, and seaweed extracts, with surface modification to enhance microbial adhesion. The inoculant and carrier are mixed in appropriate proportions and applied in strips at a specific depth within the planting trench. This carrier system regulates the release of functional microorganisms through a pore gradient distribution, ensuring long-term colonization and functional expression in the rhizosphere.

[0069] Dynamic Monitoring and Early Warning: Rhizosphere soil samples are regularly collected, and high-throughput gene sequencing is used to analyze the microbial community structure. A comprehensive assessment model is constructed, encompassing pathogen abundance, diversity index, and pathogenic gene expression levels. An intelligent algorithm is trained based on historical data to dynamically generate pathogen warning thresholds. When abnormal abundance of specific pathogens or virulence factor genes exceed the specified threshold, intervention instructions are automatically triggered. This mechanism provides early warning of continuous cropping problems, significantly improving timeliness compared to traditional methods.

[0070] Targeted remediation intervention: In response to early warning instructions, a composite biocontrol agent is used for precise remediation. This agent comprises a combination of bacteriophages that specifically lyse target pathogens, along with a functionalized carrier system. The carrier, composed of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles and a humic acid-based temperature-responsive gel, is delivered to the rhizosphere via an irrigation system. Triggered by the rhizosphere's enzyme environment, the nanoparticles decompose and release the bacteriophages for precise elimination, while the humic acid components simultaneously adsorb autotoxic substances, achieving targeted pathogen inactivation and synergistic remediation of the rhizosphere's chemical environment.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite prevention and control method for soil ecological restoration in strawberry continuous cropping, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Soil pretreatment and conditioner application: After the strawberries are harvested, diseased and damaged debris are removed, the soil is plowed 20-40 cm, and biochar particles with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm are applied at a rate of 3-5 tons / hectare. The biochar particles are produced by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in a specific anoxic temperature range and are surface-modified to form a nano-metal oxide loading layer. The organic matrix is organic matter from livestock and poultry manure that has been fully anaerobically fermented and decomposed. This is mixed with the biochar to activate the soil micropore structure and initial microbial activity. Collaborative disinfection: The steam disinfection process uses a mobile steam generator with multi-level temperature control function to uniformly inject saturated steam into the tillage layer. A real-time temperature sensing feedback system ensures that the target soil depth reaches and maintains the preset thermophilic spore inactivation temperature threshold for a specific period of time, followed by a gradient cooling process. Functional microbial colonization: Mix the composite microbial agent with the carrier matrix at a mass ratio of 1:10-1:15 and apply it to the planting furrow. The agent contains Trichoderma harzianum T-22, Bacillus subtilis GB03 and Trichoderma aureum LC52. The total viable count is ≥5×10 8 CFU / g, the bacterial matrix consists of vermiculite, humic acid and seaweed extract; Resistance induction: Spray a resistance inducer containing chitosan oligosaccharides, γ-aminobutyric acid and brown algae oligosaccharide 3-5 days before planting, with a concentration of 50-80 mg / L; Nutrient coordination and regulation: functional liquid bacterial fertilizer containing jelly-like Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas fluorescens was applied by drip irrigation during the budding period, with a live bacterial concentration of ≥1×10 7 CFU / mL, mixed with potassium humate at a volume ratio of 1:20; Dynamic monitoring and precise intervention: Regularly monitor soil microbial diversity and supplement with biological control agents containing specific bacteriophages when the abundance of pathogens exceeds the threshold.

2. A composite prevention and control method for soil ecological restoration of strawberry continuous cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar particles are prepared by anaerobic pyrolysis of wood cellulose at 450-600° C. and are surface-loaded with a 0.5-1.2% nano zinc oxide modification layer. An organic matrix is simultaneously applied and mixed with the biochar particles at a dry weight ratio of 1:2-1:

3. The organic matrix comprises decomposed livestock and poultry manure.

3. The composite prevention and control method for soil ecological restoration of strawberry continuous cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile steam generating device introduces saturated water vapor of 110-130° C. into the tillage layer, maintains the temperature of the 25-35 cm soil layer ≥55° C. for 4-6 hours, and then naturally cools to below 40° C.

4. The composite prevention and control method for soil ecological restoration of continuous strawberry cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial agent is prepared through a graded solid-state fermentation process, and its fermentation matrix contains a nitrogen source from leguminous plant meal pretreated by enzymatic hydrolysis, a carbon source from gelatinized cereal bran, and a cellulose microcrystallized sugarcane bagasse carrier; the bacterial carrier matrix is composed of a modified vermiculite mineral with a multi-level pore structure, a humic acid component with a humification degree greater than 60%, and a seaweed extract containing fucoidan, and the microbial adhesion is enhanced through surface silanization modification; the composite carrier achieves the spatiotemporal orderly release of functional microorganisms in the rhizosphere microdomain by regulating the pore gradient distribution.

5. The composite prevention and control method for soil ecological restoration of continuous strawberry cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic monitoring in the dynamic monitoring and precise intervention is carried out through standardized rhizosphere soil sampling and metagenomic sequencing technology to construct a multidimensional evaluation model covering the abundance of pathogenic bacteria genera, microbial diversity index and expression levels of key pathogenic genes; based on the machine learning algorithm, the imbalance characteristics of soil microbial communities caused by historical continuous cropping obstacles are analyzed to dynamically generate pathogenic microorganism warning thresholds; when the relative abundance of specific pathogenic bacteria genera increases abnormally or the detection rate of virulence factor genes exceeds the critical value, the targeted intervention instructions are automatically triggered.

6. The composite prevention and control method for soil ecological restoration of continuous strawberry cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precise intervention in the dynamic monitoring and precise intervention adopts a composite biological control preparation to respond, which is composed of a combination of bacteriophages that specifically lyse target pathogens and a functional carrier; the carrier is a humic acid-based thermosensitive hydrogel with biodegradable polymer nanoparticles modified on the surface. After being injected into the rhizosphere through a drip irrigation system, the nanoparticles trigger degradation and release of bacteriophages in the rhizosphere enzyme environment, and the humic acid components simultaneously adsorb self-toxic substances, thereby achieving targeted elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and coordinated restoration of the rhizosphere microchemical environment.

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