Novel chitosan composite nutritional breeding feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock feeds, and particularly relates to a novel chitosan composite nutritional breeding feed and a preparation method thereof. The novel chitosan composite nutritional breeding feed is composed of a basal feed and an additive, and the additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 to 5 parts of chitosan, 0.7 to 1.5 parts of sunflower bud extract, and 0.5 to 0.9 part of beta-alanyl-L-histidine. The chitosan, the sunflower bud extract and the beta-alanyl-L-histidine in the breeding feed are matched for use, so that the immunity of cattle and sheep can be effectively improved, the growth performance of the cattle and the sheep is improved, the breeding benefit is remarkably improved, diseases are reduced, and the nutritional requirements of animals such as the cattle and the sheep are fully met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry feed, and particularly relates to a novel chitosan composite nutritional breeding feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the global population growing and living standards improving, the demand for animal protein continues to increase, and the scale of the livestock industry is also expanding. However, traditional livestock feeds have certain limitations in promoting animal growth, enhancing immunity, and improving product quality. In recent years, chitosan, a natural biopolymer material, has gradually attracted attention due to its unique physical and chemical properties and biological functions, and has shown broad application prospects in livestock feed.

[0003] Chitosan is a natural high-molecular-weight polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which is widely present in the cell walls of crustaceans, insects and fungi. It has the advantages of wide availability, low cost, antibacterial properties, and non-toxicity, and has great application potential in the field of animal feed. Chitosan and its derivatives (such as chitosan oligosaccharides and oligochitosans) can significantly improve the growth performance and product quality of animals by regulating the intestinal microecological environment, enhancing animal immunity, and promoting nutrient absorption. However, the application of chitosan in animal feed still faces some challenges. For example, the functionality of single chitosan as an additive is limited, making it difficult to meet the diverse nutritional needs of animals.

[0004] Therefore, the development of a new chitosan composite nutritional feed for improving the growth performance of cattle, sheep, etc., improving breeding efficiency and improving the quality of animal products is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of the breeding industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel chitosan-based composite nutritional feed for livestock. This feed is made by compounding a base feed with additives. The chitosan, sunflower sprout extract, and β-alanyl-L-histamine additives are combined to effectively enhance the immunity and growth performance of cattle and sheep, significantly increasing breeding efficiency and reducing disease incidence, thus fully meeting the nutritional needs of cattle and sheep.

[0006] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a novel chitosan composite nutritional feed. The method is simple and easy to implement, provides technical support for the preparation of a novel composite nutritional feed, and contributes to the upgrading of the green and healthy aquaculture industry.

[0007] In order to achieve the above aspects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A novel chitosan composite nutritional feed for breeding consists of a basic feed and an additive. The additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of chitosan, 0.7-1.5 parts of sunflower sprout extract, and 0.5-0.9 parts of β-alanyl-L-histamine.

[0009] Preferably, the mass content of the additive in the feed is 0.02-0.05%.

[0010] Preferably, the basic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 25-35 parts of corn, 3-10 parts of bran, 1-5 parts of flaxseed meal, 1-3 parts of compound bacterial agent, 5-10 parts of calcium lactate, 1-3 parts of lysine, and 0.1-0.3 parts of organic trace elements.

[0011] Preferably, the composite bacterial agent is composed of saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus casei powder and Streptococcus thermophilus powder in a mass ratio of 1:2-4:1-2.

[0012] More preferably, the number of viable bacteria of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus casei powder and Streptococcus thermophilus powder is ≥10 11 CFU / g.

[0013] Preferably, the organic trace element is any one of sodium chloride, yeast selenium or zinc lactate.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation steps of the sunflower sprout extract are as follows:

[0015] The sunflower seeds are washed and soaked, taken out and placed in soil until sprouts grow, the sprouts are cut, dried and crushed, sieved to obtain sunflower sprout powder, and anhydrous ethanol is added for extraction. After the extraction is completed, the extract is centrifuged, the supernatant is collected, and filtered using a filter membrane to obtain a filtrate, which is concentrated and freeze-dried.

[0016] Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio of the sunflower sprout powder to anhydrous ethanol is 1:5-10.

[0017] Preferably, the extraction temperature is 80-90° C. and the extraction time is 1.5-3 h.

[0018] The preparation method of the novel chitosan composite nutritional feed comprises the following steps:

[0019] Mix the basic feed and additives evenly.

[0020] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention provides a novel chitosan composite nutritional breeding feed, which is compounded from a basic feed and additives. The chitosan, sunflower sprout extract, and β-alanyl-L-histamine in the additives are used in combination to effectively enhance the immunity of cattle and sheep, improve the growth performance of cattle, significantly increase breeding efficiency, and reduce the occurrence of diseases, thereby fully meeting the nutritional needs of cattle, sheep, and other animals.

[0022] 2. The present invention provides a method for preparing a novel chitosan composite nutritional aquaculture feed. The method is simple and easy to implement, provides technical support for the preparation of a novel composite nutritional aquaculture feed, and is suitable for upgrading the green and healthy aquaculture industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the inventive concept, several simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all of which should be considered to belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. The specific conditions not indicated in the examples are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional products obtained through commercial channels.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A novel chitosan composite nutritional feed for livestock and poultry, comprising a base feed and an additive, wherein the additive has a mass content of 0.025% in the feed; the base feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of soybean meal, 30 parts of corn, 7 parts of bran, 3 parts of flaxseed meal, 2 parts of a composite bacterial agent (prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus casei, and Streptococcus thermophilus in a mass ratio of 1:3:1.5), 7.5 parts of calcium lactate, 2 parts of lysine, and 0.2 parts of sodium chloride; and the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of chitosan, 1 part of sunflower sprout extract, and 0.7 parts of β-alanyl-L-histamine.

[0026] The preparation steps of the above-mentioned sunflower sprout extract are as follows: select healthy and pollution-free sunflower seeds, clean them with clean water, soak them at room temperature for 10 hours, take them out, place them in soil at 20°C, spray them with water 3 times a day with a watering can to promote their germination, and when the seedlings grow to 8 cm, cut the seedlings (excluding the roots) with scissors, rinse the seedlings with clean water and let them dry naturally, then crush the seedlings, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower sprout powder, and then add 8 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol to extract at 85°C for 2 hours. After the extraction is completed, the extract is centrifuged to remove the residue, the supernatant is collected, filtered with a 0.45μm filter membrane, and the filtrate is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the product.

[0027] A method for preparing a novel chitosan composite nutritional feed comprises the following steps:

[0028] (1) Soybean meal, corn, and bran are crushed and sieved according to the above amounts, and then mixed with flaxseed meal, compound bacterial agent, calcium lactate, lysine, and sodium chloride to obtain a basic feed.

[0029] (2) chitosan, sunflower sprout extract, and β-alanyl-L-histamine are mixed according to the above weight parts to prepare an additive,

[0030] (3) Mix the basic feed and additives evenly.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A novel chitosan composite nutritional feed for livestock and poultry, comprising a basic feed and an additive, wherein the additive has a mass content of 0.02% in the feed; the basic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn, 3 parts bran, 1 part flaxseed meal, 1 part composite bacterial agent (prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus casei, and Streptococcus thermophilus in a mass ratio of 1:2:1), 5 parts calcium lactate, 1 part lysine, and 0.1 part yeast selenium; the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts chitosan, 0.7 parts sunflower sprout extract, and 0.5 parts β-alanyl-L-histamine;

[0033] The preparation steps of the above-mentioned sunflower sprout extract are as follows: select healthy and pollution-free sunflower seeds, wash them with clean water, soak them at room temperature for 8 hours, take them out, place them in soil at 20°C, spray them with water twice a day with a watering can to promote their germination, and when the seedlings grow to 5 cm, cut the seedlings (excluding the roots) with scissors, rinse the seedlings with clean water and let them dry naturally, then crush the seedlings, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower sprout powder, and then add 5 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol to extract at 80°C for 3 hours. After the extraction is completed, the extract is centrifuged to remove the residue, the supernatant is collected, and filtered with a 0.45μm filter membrane. The filtrate is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the product.

[0034] A method for preparing a novel chitosan composite nutritional feed comprises the following steps: the specific steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] A novel chitosan composite nutritional feed for livestock and poultry, comprising a base feed and an additive, wherein the additive accounts for 0.05% by weight of the feed; the base feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of soybean meal, 35 parts of corn, 10 parts of bran, 5 parts of flaxseed meal, 3 parts of a composite bacterial agent (prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus casei, and Streptococcus thermophilus in a mass ratio of 1:4:2), 10 parts of calcium lactate, 3 parts of lysine, and 0.3 parts of zinc lactate; and the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of chitosan, 1.5 parts of sunflower sprout extract, and 0.9 parts of β-alanyl-L-histamine.

[0037] The preparation steps of the above-mentioned sunflower sprout extract are as follows: select healthy and pollution-free sunflower seeds, wash them with clean water, soak them at room temperature for 12 hours, take them out, place them in soil at 20°C, spray them with water three times a day with a watering can to promote their germination, and when the seedlings grow to 10 cm, cut the seedlings (excluding the roots) with scissors, rinse the seedlings with clean water and let them dry naturally, then crush the seedlings, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower sprout powder, and then add 10 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol to extract at 90°C for 1.5 hours. After the extraction is completed, the extract is centrifuged to remove the residue, the supernatant is collected, and filtered with a 0.45μm filter membrane. The filtrate is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the product.

[0038] A method for preparing a novel chitosan composite nutritional feed comprises the following steps: the specific steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the additive only contains chitosan, and the other contents are the same as Example 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 2

[0042] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the sunflower sprout extract is omitted from the additives, and the rest remains the same as Example 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 3

[0044] Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that β-alanyl-L-histamine is omitted from the additive, and the rest remains the same as Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 4

[0046] This comparative example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the sunflower sprout extract in the additive is replaced with sunflower flower extract. The preparation process of the sunflower flower extract is as follows: the sunflower petals are dried, crushed and ground, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower flower powder, and 8 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol is added to the sunflower flower powder and extracted at 85°C for 2 hours. After the extraction is completed, the extract is centrifuged to remove the residue, the supernatant is collected, and filtered through a 0.45μm filter membrane. The filtrate is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the product.

[0047] Comparative Example 5

[0048] Comparative Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the sunflower sprout extract in the additive is replaced with sunflower seed extract. The preparation process of the sunflower seed extract is as follows: mature sunflower seeds are selected as raw materials, impurities and moldy particles are screened out, the sunflower seeds are rinsed and dried, crushed and ground, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower seed powder, 8 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol is added to the sunflower seed powder and extracted at 85°C for 2 hours. After the extraction is completed, the extract is centrifuged to remove the residue, the supernatant is collected, and filtered using a 0.45μm filter membrane. The filtrate is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the product.

[0049] Test Example 1

[0050] Healthy Simmental cattle of the same quality, age, parity, and weight (all about 450 kg) were selected and divided into Example 1 group, Example 2 group, Example 3 group, Comparative Example 1 group, Comparative Example 2 group, Comparative Example 3 group, Comparative Example 4 group, and Comparative Example 5 group, with 10 heads in each group. Each group was fed with corresponding breeding feed for 100 days, once in the morning and once in the afternoon every day. The daily feed intake of each cow in each group was tested by a feed intake measuring device, and the average daily feed intake of each group of cows was recorded. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0051] On day 0 of the experiment, the initial weight of each cow in each group was tested in the morning on an empty stomach. After the experiment, the final weight of each cow was tested again. The average daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio were calculated according to the following formula. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] Average daily weight gain = (final weight - initial weight) / number of test days

[0053] Feed-to-weight ratio = average daily feed intake / average daily weight gain.

[0054] Table 1

[0055]

[0056] Average daily gain (ADG) is often used as a core indicator for evaluating the fattening success of Simmental cattle, with its changes directly reflecting the fattening effect. Feed-to-weight ratio (F / G), which measures the amount of dry matter consumed per kilogram of body weight gained by beef cattle, is a key parameter for measuring feed cost-effectiveness.

[0057] According to the test results presented in Table 1, it can be clearly seen that, as shown in Table 1, the average daily weight gain of the Example 1-3 group fed with the breeding feed described in Examples 1-3 of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the Comparative Example 1-5 group, and the feed-to-weight ratio is significantly reduced, which shows that the breeding feed of Examples 1-3 effectively improves the feed conversion efficiency. In the breeding feed of Comparative Example 1, sunflower sprout extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine are omitted at the same time, and the feed-to-weight ratio is the highest, but the average daily weight gain is low. Comparative Examples 2 and 3 respectively omit sunflower sprout extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine, and the average daily weight gain of Simmental cattle is lower than that of Example 1, but the feed-to-weight ratio is higher than that of Example 1. This test result shows that sunflower sprout extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine can synergistically increase the total weight gain of cattle, improve the growth performance of animals, and improve the feed conversion efficiency.

[0058] Comparative Examples 4 and 5 replaced the sunflower sprout extract with sunflower flower extract and sunflower seed extract, respectively. Compared with Example 1, the feed-to-weight ratio increased and the average daily gain decreased, indicating that extracts from different parts of the same plant can have different performance. Furthermore, the above results indicate that sunflower sprout extract is more effective than sunflower seed extract in improving animal growth performance, while sunflower flower extract is the least effective.

[0059] Test Example 2

[0060] The cattle were slaughtered on the 100th day, and the live weight and carcass weight of the cattle in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were measured before slaughter, and the slaughter rate was calculated. The slaughter rate (%) = (carcass weight / live weight before slaughter) × 100. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2

[0062] Group Live weight before slaughter (kg) Carcass weight (kg) Slaughter rate (%) Example 1 579.46 385.56 66.54 Example 2 580.28 377.61 65.07 Example 3 577.67 379.25 65.65 Comparative Example 1 554.83 295.12 53.19 Comparative Example 2 561.65 309.37 55.08 Comparative Example 3 559.47 316.45 56.56 Comparative Example 4 571.53 339.96 59.48 Comparative Example 5 578.16 352.52 60.97

[0063] As shown in the test results in Table 2, the slaughter rate of Examples 1-3 is higher, significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-5. This shows that the additives in the aquaculture feed in this application play a major role, that is, the sunflower sprout extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine work synergistically to improve the growth performance of animals and increase the slaughter rate.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A novel chitosan composite nutritional feed, characterized in that: The feed consists of basic feed and additives. The additives include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of chitosan, 0.7-1.5 parts of sunflower sprout extract, and 0.5-0.9 parts of beta-alanyl-L-histamine.

2. The novel chitosan composite nutritional feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass content of the additive in the feed is 0.02-0.05%.

3. The novel chitosan composite nutritional feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 25-35 parts of corn, 3-10 parts of bran, 1-5 parts of flaxseed meal, 1-3 parts of compound bacterial agent, 5-10 parts of calcium lactate, 1-3 parts of lysine, and 0.1-0.3 parts of organic trace elements.

4. The novel chitosan composite nutritional feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composite bacterial agent is composed of saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus casei powder and Streptococcus thermophilus powder in a mass ratio of 1:2-4:1-2.

5. The novel chitosan composite nutritional feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The organic trace element is any one of amino acid copper, yeast selenium or zinc lactate.

6. The novel chitosan composite nutritional feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the sunflower sprout extract are as follows: The sunflower seeds are washed and soaked, taken out and placed in soil until sprouts grow, the sprouts are cut, dried and crushed, sieved to obtain sunflower sprout powder, and anhydrous ethanol is added for extraction. After the extraction is completed, the extract is centrifuged, the supernatant is collected, and filtered using a filter membrane to obtain a filtrate, which is concentrated and freeze-dried.

7. The novel chitosan compound nutritional feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material-liquid ratio of the sunflower sprout powder to anhydrous ethanol is 1:5-10.

8. The novel chitosan composite nutritional feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The extraction temperature is 80-90° C. and the extraction time is 1.5-3 hours.

9. The method for preparing the novel chitosan composite nutritional feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the basic feed and the additive to obtain the product.

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