Cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction and construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and specifically to a cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction and a construction method. A cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction comprises a concrete cofferdam body and a hollow concrete support structure. The concrete cofferdam body is closely attached to the walls on both sides of the ship lock and extends along the direction of water flow. The hollow concrete support structure is arranged between two adjacent concrete cofferdam bodies. The hollow concrete support structure is fixedly connected to the concrete cofferdam body by a connecting device. The hollow concrete support structure comprises a bottom layer, a hollow layer, and a top layer. Multiple rows of cavities arranged in parallel are formed inside the hollow layer. Blasting devices are equidistantly embedded in the concrete wall between two adjacent cavities. This application forms a stable water retaining barrier by placing the concrete cofferdam body close to the ship lock wall. The hollow layer design can reduce its own weight. In addition, the blasting device embedded in the support structure can achieve efficient and controllable demolition compared to traditional mechanical or manual demolition, which can greatly shorten the construction period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and in particular to a cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the ship lock renovation project, the cofferdam serves as a water retaining structure and needs to withstand the impact of water flow, soil pressure and construction loads during construction. At the same time, it must be easily dismantled after the renovation is completed to avoid affecting the permanent structure of the ship lock.

[0003] Currently, traditional cofferdams typically utilize solid concrete or steel structures. Solid concrete cofferdams are heavy, require high foundation bearing capacity, and are prone to cracking due to stress concentration under complex loads. Steel cofferdams, while lighter, have poor corrosion resistance and are prone to failure after long-term immersion. Both types struggle to operate stably in environments with high water level differences and strong currents. Traditional cofferdams require either large-scale crushing machinery or manual demolition, which takes a long time and generates large amounts of construction waste. Furthermore, traditional cofferdams can only serve as temporary water retaining structures and cannot be reused after the ship lock renovation is completed, resulting in material waste.

[0004] Patent publication number CN103835301A, "Construction Method for Rapidly Removing Locking Steel Cofferdams in the Sea by Ingeniously Leveraging Head Differences," points out that conventional removal of locking steel cofferdams requires a large vibrating hammer assisted by a crane, which uses vibration to break the bond between the cofferdam and the concrete base. Single-piece removal methods also present challenges such as long removal time and cycle times, high equipment costs, high noise levels, and potential environmental pollution. In ship lock renovation projects, traditional cofferdam removal relies even more heavily on large machinery.

[0005] The patent publication number CN117403932A, "A Construction Method for Dismantling Hub Cofferdams," is aimed at dismantling water conservancy hub cofferdams and involves complex steps such as dismantling the superstructure, excavating and dredging the earth between the walls, and dismantling the ground-connected walls using a rope saw. To dismantle high-strength, high-steel-content, and high-underwater ground-connected walls, it is necessary to divide the cutting units, drill hoisting holes and cutting holes, then use a rope saw to cut, and finally hoist the cut blocks. This process requires not only professional and large-scale rope saw equipment, but also large-scale lifting machinery such as boom-type cranes. Furthermore, the operations in each link are delicate and the process is complicated, which places high technical demands on the construction personnel and significantly prolongs the entire demolition period.

[0006] Therefore, how to achieve the stability and reliability of the cofferdam structure during construction, the efficient controllability during demolition, and the recycling of the lock after renovation is an urgent problem that needs to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to achieve the stability and reliability of the cofferdam structure during the construction process, the high efficiency and controllability during the demolition process, and the recycling after the completion of the lock renovation construction, the present application provides a cofferdam and construction method for lock renovation.

[0008] This application provides a cofferdam and construction method for ship lock reconstruction using the following technical solutions:

[0009] The first aspect: A cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction, comprising a concrete cofferdam body and a hollow concrete support structure, wherein the concrete cofferdam body is arranged close to the walls on both sides of the ship lock and extends along the direction of water flow, and the hollow concrete support structure is arranged between two adjacent concrete cofferdam bodies, and the hollow concrete support structure is fixedly connected to the concrete cofferdam body by a connecting device; the hollow concrete support structure comprises a bottom layer, a hollow layer, and a top layer, and multiple rows of cavities arranged in parallel are formed inside the hollow layer, and blasting devices are pre-embedded in the concrete wall between two adjacent cavities at equal distances.

[0010] By employing this technical solution, the concrete cofferdam body is placed close to the lock wall, effectively resisting water flow impact and soil pressure, forming a stable water barrier. The hollow concrete support structure is fixed to the main body via connecting devices, forming an integral framework that enhances overall stability. Its hollow layer design reduces deadweight, helping to avoid stress concentration damage under complex loads. Furthermore, pre-embedded blasting devices within the support structure, distributed across adjacent cavity concrete walls, enable efficient and controlled demolition compared to traditional mechanical or manual demolition methods, significantly shortening the construction period.

[0011] Furthermore, the concrete cofferdam body is cast with waterproof concrete, and embedded parts for installing the connecting device are embedded on the concrete cofferdam body. The embedded parts are provided with mounting holes, and anti-blocking devices are detachably installed inside the mounting holes.

[0012] Furthermore, the height of the concrete cofferdam body is H, and the highest water level during construction is h, satisfying: H>h; the thickness of the concrete cofferdam body close to the end of the ship lock is D, and the thickness of the concrete cofferdam body away from the end of the ship lock is d, satisfying: D>d.

[0013] Furthermore, the hollow concrete support structure is cast in layers of concrete, and embedded parts for connecting with the connecting device are embedded in the hollow concrete support structure. The embedded parts are provided with mounting holes, and anti-blocking parts are detachably installed inside the mounting holes.

[0014] Furthermore, steel mesh reinforcement ribs are provided inside the bottom layer and the top layer.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of vertical support walls arranged in parallel are provided between the bottom layer and the ground. The vertical support walls are cast with concrete, and the blasting devices are pre-buried at equal intervals inside the vertical support walls.

[0016] Furthermore, the connecting device includes a fixed seat fixedly installed on the concrete cofferdam body, a sliding seat is slidably connected to the fixed seat, the sliding seat is fixedly connected to the hollow concrete support structure, a number of springs arranged in parallel are fixedly connected between the sliding seat and the fixed seat, a locking screw is fixedly connected to the fixed seat, a sliding groove is provided on the sliding seat corresponding to the locking screw, and the outer end of the locking screw passes through the sliding groove and is threadedly connected to a locking nut.

[0017] Furthermore, the blasting device includes a blasting main box, explosives are installed inside the blasting main box, a protective tube is fixedly and sealedly connected to the blasting main box, a lead connected to the explosives is inserted into the protective tube, and the lead is connected to an external detonating device.

[0018] A second aspect: A method for constructing a cofferdam as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Conduct geological survey and hydrological survey on the lock reconstruction area to determine the location and size of the concrete cofferdam body;

[0020] S2. Opening connection grooves on the walls on both sides of the lock;

[0021] S3, installing the template of the concrete cofferdam body corresponding to the connecting groove, and constructing the concrete cofferdam body by layered pouring construction;

[0022] S4, fixing the connecting device on the concrete cofferdam body;

[0023] S5. Installing the template of the hollow concrete support structure corresponding to the connecting device, constructing the hollow concrete support structure by layered pouring, and pre-embedding the blasting device during the pouring of the hollow concrete support structure;

[0024] S6. Pile soil at one end of the concrete cofferdam body away from the ship lock to form a cofferdam, drain the water inside the cofferdam, and perform ship lock reconstruction under the protection of the cofferdam;

[0025] S7. After the ship lock renovation is completed, the soil accumulated on the end of the concrete cofferdam body away from the ship lock and the cofferdam is removed, water is introduced into the cofferdam, and the blasting device is detonated to remove the hollow concrete supporting structure. The concrete cofferdam body forms an entrance and exit extension of the ship lock.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S5, a plurality of parallel-arranged filling airbags are pre-buried while the blasting device is pre-buried, and the blasting device is arranged at intervals between the filling airbags.

[0027] Beneficial effects achieved:

[0028] This application solves the problems of poor stability, difficult demolition and high cost of traditional ship lock reconstruction cofferdams through systematic innovation of the entire process of structure, connection, demolition and construction, and provides an efficient, safe and green solution for water conservancy project construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structural decomposition of an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the embedded parts in one embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a height schematic diagram of the concrete cofferdam body in one embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the thickness of the concrete cofferdam body in one embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structural decomposition of the connecting device in one embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of Part I.

[0037] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the filling airbag in one embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals: 100, concrete cofferdam body; 101, embedded parts; 102, mounting holes; 103, anti-blocking; 200, hollow concrete support structure; 204, bottom layer; 205, hollow layer; 206, top layer; 207, cavity; 208, vertical support wall; 300, connecting device; 301, fixed seat; 302, sliding seat; 303, spring; 304, locking screw; 305, slide groove; 306, locking screw Mother; 400, blasting device; 401, blasting main box; 402, protective tube; 403, lead; 700, bank; 701, dam body; 702, highway; 800, filling airbag; 801, elastic tube body; 802, thin-walled part; 803, thick-walled part; 804, closed end; 805, valve; 900, ship lock; 901, first gate; 902, second gate; 903, gate; 904, connecting groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 9 This application is described in further detail.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended only to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] The embodiments of the present application disclose a cofferdam and a construction method for ship lock reconstruction.

[0043] Since the ship lock 900 is built against the bank 700, a road 702 is built on the dam body 701 between the bank 700 and the bank 700, and the gate 903 between the first gate 901 and the second gate 902 of the ship lock 900 runs through the dam body 701, and the second gate is located below the road 702, if traditional cofferdam construction is used, it will be unstable in high water level and strong water flow environments, making it difficult to ensure construction safety. In addition, when dismantling traditional cofferdams, they need to rely on large-scale mechanical crushing or manual demolition, which is inefficient and costly. It is also easy to damage the structure of the dam body 701 and the road 702, and generate a large amount of construction waste and environmental pollution. In addition, traditional cofferdams have a single function and cannot be reused after the ship lock renovation construction is completed, resulting in a serious waste of resources. To this end, a cofferdam and construction method for ship lock renovation are proposed, which aim to improve the stability and impact resistance of the cofferdam during the construction period, realize efficient and accurate blasting during the demolition period, reduce the impact on the surrounding environment, and transform the concrete cofferdam body into an extension of the ship lock entrance and exit, thereby improving material utilization and reducing construction costs, providing a safe, efficient and green solution for the Yuanshui waterway ship lock renovation project.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In one embodiment of the present application, a cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction includes a concrete cofferdam body 100 and a hollow concrete support structure 200. The concrete cofferdam body 100 is arranged close to the walls on both sides of the ship lock 900 and extends along the water flow direction. The hollow concrete support structure 200 is arranged between two adjacent concrete cofferdam bodies 100. The hollow concrete support structure 200 is fixedly connected to the concrete cofferdam body 100 by a connecting device 300. A plurality of fixed-point distributed blasting devices 400 are installed on the hollow concrete support structure 200.

[0046] During the ship lock renovation, the concrete cofferdam body 100, by virtue of its structural arrangement, which is closely attached to the walls of the ship lock 900 and extends along the direction of the water flow, directly withstands the impact and pressure of the water flow, forming a solid outer water barrier and creating a relatively stable waterless construction environment for the ship lock renovation. The hollow concrete support structure 200 is distributed between two adjacent concrete cofferdam bodies 100 and is tightly fixed to the concrete cofferdam bodies 100 via a connection device 300, greatly enhancing the stability of the entire cofferdam structure and preventing the concrete cofferdam bodies from deforming or overturning under external pressure. Once the ship lock renovation project is successfully completed, the blasting device 400 installed on the hollow concrete support structure 200 is detonated. The blasting device 400 performs blasting operations according to a pre-set fixed point distribution. Due to the hollow nature of the hollow concrete support structure 200 itself, the blasting energy can be effectively diffused within it, allowing the structure to be quickly and efficiently dismantled.

[0047] In this application, the concrete cofferdam body 100 and the hollow concrete support structure 200 cooperate with each other, and the two are fixedly connected by a connecting device 300, which significantly improves the overall resistance of the cofferdam to water flow impact and deformation, provides solid and reliable safety protection for the lock renovation construction, and ensures that the cofferdam will not collapse or other dangerous situations due to external pressure during the construction process, thereby ensuring the safety of construction personnel and equipment.

[0048] This application can achieve precise blasting demolition by installing a blasting device 400 on the hollow concrete support structure 200. Compared with the traditional cofferdam demolition method, it does not require a large amount of manpower and complex demolition equipment, can quickly clear the cofferdam structure, greatly shortens the demolition time, and thus speeds up the overall progress of the lock renovation project, significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0049] This application distributes 400 blasting devices at fixed points, which can accurately control the blasting range and intensity, effectively reduce the impact of vibrations, flying rocks, etc. generated by the blasting on the surrounding environment and the permanent structure of the lock, reduce the risk of damage to the surrounding ecological environment and other facilities, and meet the requirements of green construction and environmental protection.

[0050] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the concrete cofferdam body 100 is cast with waterproof concrete, and the concrete cofferdam body 100 is embedded with an embedded part 101 for installing the connecting device 300. The embedded part 101 is provided with a mounting hole 102, and an anti-blocking device 103 is detachably installed inside the mounting hole 102.

[0051] During the operation, the concrete cofferdam body 100 is cast with waterproof concrete, which can effectively prevent water from penetrating by taking advantage of the density and impermeability of the waterproof concrete itself, thereby forming a reliable water barrier to ensure that the ship lock renovation construction area is protected from water intrusion. When connected to the hollow concrete support structure 200, the embedded parts 101 are firmly fixed in the concrete cofferdam body 100 by being tightly combined with the waterproof concrete. The mounting holes 102 provided therein are used to install the connecting device 300, providing precise positioning and a reliable fulcrum for the connection between the two. In the early stages of construction, the anti-blocking 103 can prevent concrete, sand and gravel and other debris from entering the mounting hole 102 when the waterproof concrete is cast, thereby avoiding clogging of the mounting hole 102. When the connecting device 300 needs to be installed, the anti-blocking 103 is removed, and the connecting device 300 can be smoothly installed in the mounting hole 102, thereby achieving a firm connection between the concrete cofferdam body 100 and the hollow concrete support structure 200.

[0052] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the height of the concrete cofferdam body 100 is H, and the highest water level during construction is h, satisfying: H>h.

[0053] During the ship lock renovation construction process, the water level will fluctuate due to factors such as tides, rainfall, and upstream water. Setting the height of the concrete cofferdam body 100 to H and ensuring that it is greater than the highest water level h during the construction period is based on the prediction of extreme water level conditions that may occur during the construction period. When the water level rises, as long as it does not exceed H, the concrete cofferdam body 100 can rely on its own height advantage to form a physical barrier above the water surface, preventing water from flowing over the top of the cofferdam and entering the construction area. Through this height difference setting, the concrete cofferdam body 100 can continue to play a water-retaining role, maintain a dry and stable working environment in the construction area, and ensure the normal progress of the ship lock renovation project.

[0054] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the concrete cofferdam body 100 at one end close to the ship lock 900 is D, and the thickness of the concrete cofferdam body 100 at one end away from the ship lock 900 is d, satisfying: D>d, and 3.5m≥D≥2m, 3m≥d≥1.5m.

[0055] During operation, the end near the ship lock 900 is primarily subjected to lateral pressure from the load of construction machinery and the pressure of temporarily stacked materials during the lock renovation process; the end away from the ship lock 900 is primarily subjected to water flow pressure, wave forces, and other factors. Because the pressure near the ship lock is relatively complex and concentrated, its thickness is set to D, with D>d. By increasing the thickness of the structure, its compressive and deformation resistance is enhanced to ensure stability under complex stress conditions. At the same time, taking into account the magnitude of the common hydraulic loads in the ship lock renovation project, as well as factors such as construction site conditions and material costs, the limits are 3.5m≥D≥2m and 3m≥d≥1.5m. Within this thickness range, the concrete cofferdam body can be guaranteed to have sufficient strength and stability while avoiding material waste and cost increases due to excessive thickness increases.

[0056] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the hollow concrete support structure 200 is cast in layers of concrete. The hollow concrete support structure 200 is embedded with an embedded part 101 for connecting with the connecting device 300. The embedded part 101 is provided with a mounting hole 102, and an anti-blocking device 103 is detachably installed inside the mounting hole 102.

[0057] During operation, the hollow concrete support structure 200 is constructed using layered concrete pouring. This is accomplished by pouring, vibrating, and curing the concrete layer by layer to a certain thickness, ensuring that each layer forms a stable structure after solidification and hardening, ultimately forming a complete support structure. Before pouring the concrete, the anti-blocking device 103 is removed, and the connecting device 300 is securely connected to the embedded component 101 using the mounting hole 102. After the concrete is poured, the embedded component 101 forms a fixed connection with the concrete of the hollow concrete support structure 200, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the hollow concrete support structure 200 and the concrete cofferdam body 100.

[0058] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In one embodiment of the present application, the embedded part 101 is configured as an I-beam, the mounting hole 102 is configured as a countersunk threaded hole, and the anti-clogging 103 is configured as a countersunk screw. In this way, the anti-clogging 103 can be installed on the embedded part 101 during the material preparation stage. During the connection and installation, the countersunk screw can be removed and then directly connected to the connecting device 300 using the countersunk screw.

[0059] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the hollow concrete support structure 200 includes a bottom layer 204, a hollow layer 205, and a top layer 206; steel mesh reinforcement bars are arranged inside the bottom layer 204 and the top layer 206, and multiple rows of parallel cavities 207 are formed inside the hollow layer 205. Blasting devices 400 are pre-embedded at equal intervals in the concrete wall between two adjacent cavities 207.

[0060] During the concrete solidification process, the steel mesh reinforcements within the bottom layer 204 and top layer 206 are tightly bonded to the cement matrix. The synergistic effect of the tensile strength of the steel and the compressive strength of the concrete enhances the load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance of the structure at both ends, firmly supporting the concrete cofferdam body 100. The multiple rows of parallel cavities 207 within the hollow layer 205, on the one hand, reduce the structural weight and material consumption while ensuring the overall stability of the support structure. On the other hand, they provide a blasting environment for the blasting of the blasting device 400. Because the blasting device 400 is pre-embedded in the concrete wall between two adjacent cavities 207, the hollow environment formed by the cavities 207 allows the energy of the explosion to be diffused within the cavity, effectively blasting the hollow concrete support structure 200 while also reducing the impact on surrounding structures.

[0061] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In a specific embodiment of the present application, a number of vertical support walls 208 are arranged in parallel between the bottom layer 204 and the ground. The vertical support walls 208 are cast with concrete, and blasting devices 400 are pre-buried at equal intervals inside the vertical support walls 208.

[0062] During the ship lock renovation, vertical support walls 208 were cast with concrete, tightly connecting the bottom layer 204 of the hollow concrete support structure 200 to the ground. Through their inherent compressive strength, they evenly distributed the loads transmitted from the hollow concrete support structure and the concrete cofferdam body to the foundation, effectively enhancing the stability of the connection between the entire cofferdam structure and the ground. Blasting devices 400 were embedded at regular intervals within vertical support walls 208. Upon completion of the ship lock renovation, when the hollow concrete support structure 200 was dismantled, the blasting devices 400 within vertical support walls 208 were first activated. The blasting energy caused the vertical support wall 208 to rapidly shatter, severing the connection between the bottom layer 204 and the ground, leaving the hollow concrete support structure without lower support. Subsequently, blasting devices 400 in other locations within the hollow concrete support structure 200 were activated, completing the dismantling of the entire hollow concrete support structure.

[0063] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the connecting device 300 includes a fixed seat 301 fixedly installed on the concrete cofferdam body 100, a sliding seat 302 is slidably connected to the fixed seat 301, the sliding seat 302 is fixedly connected to the hollow concrete support structure 200, and a plurality of springs 303 arranged in parallel are fixedly connected between the sliding seat 302 and the fixed seat 301. A locking screw 304 is fixedly connected to the fixed seat 301, and a sliding groove 305 is provided on the sliding seat 302 corresponding to the locking screw 304. The outer end of the locking screw 304 passes through the sliding groove 305 and is threadedly connected to a locking nut 306.

[0064] During operation, before installing the connecting device 300, the sliding seat 302 is first pushed to slide toward the fixed seat 301, and then the locking nut 306 is tightened to form a fixed connection between the fixed seat 301 and the sliding seat 302, thereby compressing the spring 303 between the fixed seat 301 and the sliding seat 302. After the cast hollow concrete support structure 200 solidifies, the locking nut 306 is loosened to form an elastic connection between the fixed seat 301 and the sliding seat 302. This not only allows the elastic force generated by the spring 303 to offset the shrinkage deformation of the concrete after solidification, but also allows the spring 303 to absorb and buffer external forces generated by water flow impact, construction vibration, etc. during the ship lock renovation construction. At the same time, when the hollow concrete support structure 200 is demolished by blasting, the spring 303 can also absorb the impact force generated by the explosion, reducing the direct impact on the concrete cofferdam body 100.

[0065] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the blasting device 400 includes a blasting main box 401, an explosive is installed inside the blasting main box 401, a protective tube 402 is fixedly and sealedly connected to the blasting main box 401, a lead 403 connected to the explosive is inserted into the protective tube 402, and the lead 403 is connected to an external detonating device.

[0066] It should be noted that the explosives contained within the main blasting box 401 are the core component that generates the explosive energy. A protective tube 402 is securely and hermetically connected to the main blasting box 401, providing physical protection for the internal lead wire 403. This prevents damage to the lead wire 403 during cofferdam construction due to factors such as concrete pouring, mechanical impact, and external forces, ensuring a safe and stable signal transmission channel between the explosives and the external detonator. During construction, the blasting device 400 is pre-buried in locations such as the hollow concrete support structure 200 and the vertical support wall 208 according to design requirements. The lead wire 403 extends through the protective tube 402 to the exterior and connects to the detonator. When the ship lock renovation project is completed and the cofferdam needs to be dismantled, the operator transmits an electrical signal through the detonator, which is transmitted via the lead wire 403 to the explosives within the main blasting box 401, triggering the explosion and ultimately dismantling the corresponding structure.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] A method for constructing a cofferdam as described in Example 1, comprising the following steps:

[0069] S1. Conduct geological surveys and hydrological measurements in the ship lock reconstruction area to determine the location and size of the concrete cofferdam body 100. Through geological surveys and hydrological measurements, obtain data such as soil characteristics, groundwater levels, and water flow rates in the ship lock reconstruction area, and use this to scientifically determine the location and size of the concrete cofferdam body 100 to ensure that it can effectively withstand external water pressure and soil pressure, laying the foundation for subsequent construction.

[0070] S2. Connecting grooves 904 are opened on the walls on both sides of the ship lock 900.

[0071] S3. Install the template of the concrete cofferdam body 100 corresponding to the connecting groove 904, and construct the concrete cofferdam body 100 by layered pouring construction. During the pouring process of the concrete cofferdam body 100, embed the embedded parts 101 connected to the connecting device 300.

[0072] S4 , removing the anti-blocking 103 on the embedded part 101 , and fixing the connecting device 300 on the embedded part 101 .

[0073] S5. Install the template of the hollow concrete support structure 200 corresponding to the connecting device 300, and construct the hollow concrete support structure 200 by layered pouring construction. During the pouring process of the hollow concrete support structure 200, embed the embedded parts 101 connected to the connecting device 300 and the blasting device 400, and fix the embedded parts 101 on the connecting device 300.

[0074] In steps S2-S5, a connection groove 904 is first created in the lock wall to provide an embedded foundation for the concrete cofferdam body 100 and enhance the stability of the connection with the lock. The concrete cofferdam body 100 and the hollow concrete support structure 200 are then cast in layers to ensure structural density and strength. The embedded parts 101 and the blasting device 400 are also pre-embedded. When installing the connection device 300, the embedded parts are tightly integrated with the concrete structure. A spring 303, locking screw 304, and other components are used to achieve a stable and adjustable connection between the concrete cofferdam body 100 and the hollow concrete support structure 200. The spring 303 can buffer external forces during construction, and the locking screw can fix the relative position.

[0075] S6. Pile up soil at the end of the concrete cofferdam body 100 away from the ship lock 900 to form a cofferdam, drain the water inside the cofferdam, and carry out the ship lock renovation work under the protection of the cofferdam;

[0076] In step S6, soil is piled up outside the concrete cofferdam body 100 to form a enclosure, and the cofferdam is used to block the water flow. A dry land construction environment is created through drainage, so that the lock reconstruction work can be carried out under waterless and stable conditions, avoiding water flow interfering with construction safety and quality.

[0077] S7. After the ship lock renovation is completed, the soil accumulated at the end of the concrete cofferdam body 100 away from the ship lock 900 and the cofferdam is cleared, water is introduced into the cofferdam, and the blasting device 400 is detonated to remove the hollow concrete support structure 200. The concrete cofferdam body 100 forms an entrance and exit extension of the ship lock.

[0078] In step S7, when the ship lock renovation is completed, the soil is first removed and water is introduced to balance the water pressure inside and outside the cofferdam and reduce the blasting resistance; then the blasting device 400 is detonated, and the hollow concrete support structure 200 is accurately removed using the pre-buried position. The remaining concrete cofferdam body 100 is directly converted into an entrance and exit extension of the ship lock after simple processing, realizing an effective conversion of the cofferdam function.

[0079] The construction method of this application focuses on the structural characteristics of the cofferdam. From preliminary preparation to construction, use and demolition, each link is closely coordinated to achieve efficient and safe lock reconstruction.

[0080] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 In a specific embodiment of the present application, in step S5, a plurality of filling air bags 800 arranged in parallel are pre-buried while the blasting device 400 is pre-buried, and the blasting device 400 is arranged at intervals between the filling air bags 800.

[0081] During the pouring process of the hollow concrete support structure 200, the blasting devices 400 and the filling airbags 800 are pre-embedded simultaneously according to the design requirements. Before pouring, the filling airbags 800 are inflated to expand to the designed shape and size, occupying the predetermined spatial position. The airbags then act as an internal mold, preventing concrete from flowing into the area. As the concrete is poured and vibrated, the concrete wraps around the airbags and gradually becomes denser. After the concrete reaches a certain strength and solidifies, the gas inside the filling airbags 800 is expelled. As the gas is expelled, the airbags shrink in volume, creating a gap between the concrete and the filling airbags. This gap allows the airbags to be extracted from the concrete, thereby forming the desired cavity 207 within the hollow concrete support structure 200. The blasting devices 400 are spaced apart between the filling airbags 800. During the demolition phase, the blasting devices 400 are detonated, utilizing the explosive energy to dismantle the hollow concrete support structure 200.

[0082] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the filling airbag 800 includes a long elastic tube body 801, and the elastic tube body 801 is provided with a thin-walled portion 802 and a thick-walled portion 803 spaced in sequence along its length direction. A spherical closed end 804 is provided at one end of the elastic tube body 801, and a valve mouth 805 is fixedly connected to the end of the elastic tube body 801 away from the spherical closed end 804.

[0083] When using filling bladder 800, air is inflated into elastic tube 801 through valve 805. Due to the internal air pressure, elastic tube 801 expands, occupying a predetermined spatial position within hollow concrete support structure 200 and acting as an inner mold for forming cavity 207. The thin-walled portion 802 and thick-walled portion 803 spaced apart on elastic tube 801 allow the thin-walled portion 802 to deform more easily during inflation, allowing it to better conform to the surrounding concrete under the external force of concrete vibration, reducing the gap between the bladder and the concrete and ensuring a regular contour for the formed cavity 207. The spherical closed end 804 eliminates sharp corners at the end of the bladder, preventing it from puncturing the surrounding concrete or causing damage to itself. After the concrete solidifies, the valve 805 is opened to exhaust the gas. The elastic tube 801 contracts under its own elasticity and external pressure and separates from the concrete. Since the thin-walled portion 802 has a strong deformation ability, the adhesion between the outer surface of the filling airbag 800 and the concrete is further reduced, so that the airbag can be smoothly withdrawn, leaving the designed cavity 207 in the hollow concrete support structure 200.

[0084] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 In a specific embodiment of the present application, before pre-embedding the filling airbag 800, the filling airbag 800 is first inflated through the valve nozzle 805; after the hollow concrete support structure 200 is fixed and formed, the gas in the filling airbag 800 is discharged through the valve nozzle 805, and finally the deflated filling airbag 800 is pulled out.

[0085] Before pre-embedding the filling airbag 800, it is inflated through the valve 805, causing the filling airbag 800 to expand to the designed shape and size. This allows it to effectively occupy the predetermined space when the hollow concrete support structure 200 is poured, acting as an inner mold to prevent concrete from flowing into this area. As the concrete is poured and vibrated, the inflated filling airbag 800 maintains a stable shape under the pressure of the concrete, ensuring that the concrete surrounding it is tightly wrapped. After the hollow concrete support structure 200 is cured and solidified, the gas in the filling airbag 800 is again discharged through the valve 805. At this time, the filling airbag 800 shrinks due to its own elasticity and the external concrete pressure due to the disappearance of internal air pressure, creating a gap between the filling airbag 800 and the concrete. Utilizing this gap, construction workers can easily remove the deflated filling airbag 800, forming the required cavity inside the hollow concrete support structure 200, creating conditions for subsequent demolition and structural function.

[0086] The cofferdam and construction method of the present application achieves a dual improvement in functionality and efficiency through structural innovation and process optimization. Its implementation principle revolves around the core logic of "structural collaborative load-bearing - dynamic connection and buffering - precise blasting and demolition - functional conversion and utilization":

[0087] The concrete cofferdam body 100 and the hollow concrete support structure 200 form a "rigid and flexible" load-bearing system. The former utilizes waterproof concrete, with a height H > h designed to withstand water level fluctuations, while the unequal thickness structure (D > d) specifically withstands construction loads and water pressure. The latter is cast in layers to form a "bottom layer - hollow layer - top layer" structure. Reinforced mesh at the bottom and top layers enhances strength at both ends. Multiple rows of cavities 207 in the hollow layer reduce deadweight while optimizing blasting structure. Vertical support walls 208 evenly transfer loads to the foundation. These three elements work together to ensure stable load-bearing capacity during the cofferdam's construction period.

[0088] The spring 303 and locking screw 304 of the connection device 300 combine to impart dynamic adaptability to the structure. Before construction, the spring 303 is compressed and tightened to limit relative displacement. After the concrete solidifies, the nut is loosened, allowing the spring 303 to absorb concrete shrinkage stress, water impact, and construction vibration, thus preventing stress concentration caused by a rigid connection. During demolition, the spring 303 cushions blasting impact, minimizing its impact on the concrete cofferdam body 100 while facilitating the rapid release of connection constraints.

[0089] The pre-embedded blasting device 400 forms a "directional energy guidance" system with cavity 207. A protective tube 402 protects the fuse 403, ensuring reliable transmission of the blasting signal. The blasting points are evenly spaced within the concrete wall of the cavity, utilizing the hollow space to guide the diffusion of explosive energy and reduce vibration impact on surrounding structures. During demolition, the blasting device within the vertical support wall 208 is first detonated, severing the connection between the bottom layer and the ground. The hollow layer is then demolished, achieving an orderly collapse of the supporting structure, improving demolition efficiency and minimizing environmental impact.

[0090] The construction method is based on "accurate planning in the early stages, efficient construction during the construction process, and functional reuse in the later stages." S1-S5 parameters were determined through geological surveys, and layered casting combined with pre-embedded components ensured structural quality. S6 utilized soil enclosure and drainage to create dryland construction conditions. After the S7 renovation was completed, the supporting structure was demolished by blasting after the water balance was restored. The remaining concrete cofferdam was directly converted into an extension of the ship lock entrance, upgrading the temporary structure's functionality and reducing demolition work and construction costs.

[0091] The use of the filling airbag 800 enables "low-cost cavity formation." When inflated, it acts as an inner mold to form the cavity 207. Its thin-walled portion 802 and thick-walled portion 803 work together to ensure a regular cavity contour, while its spherical closed end 804 prevents puncture of the concrete. After deflation, it elastically shrinks and separates from the concrete, allowing for easy removal and reuse. This reduces concrete usage while creating an ideal environment for blasting, further improving construction efficiency and environmental friendliness.

[0092] In summary, this application solves the problems of poor stability, difficult demolition and high cost of traditional ship lock reconstruction cofferdams through systematic innovation of the entire process of structure, connection, demolition and construction, and provides an efficient, safe and green solution for the construction of water conservancy projects.

[0093] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction, characterized by: The invention comprises a concrete cofferdam body (100) and a hollow concrete support structure (200), wherein the concrete cofferdam body (100) is closely attached to the walls on both sides of the ship lock (900) and extends in the direction of water flow, and the hollow concrete support structure (200) is arranged between two adjacent concrete cofferdam bodies (100), and the hollow concrete support structure (200) is fixedly connected to the concrete cofferdam body (100) via a connecting device (300); the hollow concrete support structure (200) comprises a bottom layer (204), a hollow layer (205), and a top layer (206), wherein multiple rows of parallel cavities (207) are formed inside the hollow layer (205), and blasting devices (207) are pre-buried in the concrete wall between two adjacent cavities (207) at equal intervals. 400); the connecting device (300) includes a fixed seat (301) fixedly mounted on the concrete cofferdam body (100); a sliding seat (302) is slidably connected to the fixed seat (301); the sliding seat (302) is fixedly connected to the hollow concrete support structure (200); a plurality of springs (303) arranged in parallel are fixedly connected between the sliding seat (302) and the fixed seat (301); a locking screw (304) is fixedly connected to the fixed seat (301); a sliding groove (305) is provided on the sliding seat (302) corresponding to the locking screw (304); and a locking nut (306) is threadedly connected to the outer end of the locking screw (304) passing through the sliding groove (305).

2. The cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concrete cofferdam body (100) is cast with waterproof concrete. An embedded part (101) for installing the connecting device (300) is embedded in the concrete cofferdam body (100). The embedded part (101) is provided with a mounting hole (102). An anti-blocking device (103) is detachably installed inside the mounting hole (102).

3. The cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the concrete cofferdam body (100) is H, and the highest water level during construction is h, satisfying: H>h; the thickness of the concrete cofferdam body (100) at one end close to the ship lock (900) is D, and the thickness of the concrete cofferdam body (100) at one end away from the ship lock (900) is d, satisfying: D>d.

4. The cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow concrete support structure (200) is cast in layers of concrete. An embedded part (101) for connecting to the connecting device (300) is embedded in the hollow concrete support structure (200). A mounting hole (102) is provided on the embedded part (101). An anti-blocking device (103) is detachably installed inside the mounting hole (102).

5. The cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Steel mesh reinforcement ribs are provided inside the bottom layer (204) and the top layer (206).

6. The cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of vertical support walls (208) arranged in parallel are provided between the bottom layer (204) and the ground. The vertical support walls (208) are cast with concrete, and the blasting devices (400) are pre-buried at equal intervals inside the vertical support walls (208).

7. The cofferdam for ship lock reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting device (400) comprises a blasting main box (401), an explosive is installed inside the blasting main box (401), a protective tube (402) is fixedly and sealedly connected to the blasting main box (401), a lead (403) connected to the explosive is inserted inside the protective tube (402), and the lead (403) is connected to an external detonating device.

8. A method for constructing a cofferdam according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. Conducting geological survey and hydrological survey on the ship lock reconstruction area to determine the position and size of the concrete cofferdam body (100); S2, opening connection grooves (904) on the walls on both sides of the ship lock (900); S3, installing the template of the concrete cofferdam body (100) corresponding to the connecting groove (904), and constructing the concrete cofferdam body (100) by layered pouring construction; S4, fixing the connecting device (300) on the concrete cofferdam body (100); S5, installing the template of the hollow concrete support structure (200) corresponding to the connecting device (300), constructing the hollow concrete support structure (200) by a layered pouring construction method, and pre-embedding the blasting device (400) during the pouring process of the hollow concrete support structure (200); S6, piling up soil at one end of the concrete cofferdam body (100) away from the ship lock (900) to form a cofferdam, draining the water inside the cofferdam, and performing ship lock reconstruction operations under the protection of the cofferdam; S7. After the ship lock renovation is completed, the soil accumulated at the end of the concrete cofferdam body (100) away from the ship lock (900) and the cofferdam is removed, water is introduced into the cofferdam, and the blasting device (400) is detonated to remove the hollow concrete support structure (200). The concrete cofferdam body (100) forms an entrance and exit extension of the ship lock.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, a plurality of parallel-arranged filling air bags (800) are pre-buried while the blasting device (400) is pre-buried, and the blasting device (400) is arranged at intervals between the filling air bags (800).

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