Cold-resistant tensile photoelectric composite cable and rapid laying method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric composite cables, in particular to a cold-resistant tensile photoelectric composite cable and a rapid laying method thereof, and the cable comprises a conductor part, an insulating layer, an optical fiber unit, a filling layer and an outer sheath which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside and are sequentially wrapped. The conductor part is formed by twisting a plurality of strands of copper wires, a carbon fiber reinforced core is arranged in the conductor part, and the insulating layer is made of EAA and PEBA blending modified materials and contains nano boron nitride particles; the optical fiber unit is of a PBT loose tube structure, a plurality of single-mode optical fibers and special ointment are arranged in the PBT loose tube structure, micro-nano protrusions are arranged on the inner wall of a loose tube, and the surface of each micro-nano protrusion is covered with a silicon dioxide antireflection film. The cable integrates the functions of cold resistance, stretch resistance, electric conduction, insulation, communication, heat dissipation and protection. The insulating layer adopts EAA and PEBA blending modified materials to be combined with nano boron nitride particles, so that the cold resistance and the insulativity are improved; and the polyurethane elastomer of the filling layer is compounded with the glass beads, so that the structural stability and the comprehensive performance are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric composite cables, in particular to a cold-resistant and stretch-resistant photoelectric composite cable and a rapid laying method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of cable technology, with the growth of global energy demand and the expansion of infrastructure construction into various complex environments, the requirements for cable performance are becoming increasingly stringent. Especially in cold regions, cables must have good cold resistance to ensure stable and safe power transmission.

[0003] A search revealed a patent application with the number CN201620485921.6, which describes a cold-resistant power cable. The cable consists of multiple intertwined cable cores, a filler, flame-retardant tape, armor, and a cold-resistant sheath. The cable core is composed of a conductor bundle and an insulation layer, and the cable is protected by a thermal insulation layer and a specific cold-resistant sheath material.

[0004] However, the above patent has the following shortcomings in actual use:

[0005] 1. The cable's structural strength relies solely on the steel wire armor, which exists in isolation within the overall cable structure and does not form a tight, effective, coordinated tensile-resistance system with other components. When the cable is subjected to tension, the steel wire armor bears most of the force, while the cable core, insulation layer, and other components are prone to localized stress concentration due to the lack of effective connection with the steel wire armor and stress-dispersing design.

[0006] 2. The conductor bundle is made of ordinary copper wire. When subjected to external force, vibration or temperature changes, the internal structure is prone to relative displacement, affecting the overall stability of the cable. In addition, the cable core, insulation layer, flame-retardant tape, armor and cold-resistant sheath are simply covered, and the interlayer bonding force is limited. It cannot maintain a stable structural state for a long time in a complex environment, which reduces the reliability and service life of the cable.

[0007] 3. When the cable is subjected to tension, the cold-resistant sheath becomes hard and brittle, unable to effectively buffer and distribute the tension as it does at room temperature. This increases the tension on the armor and internal cable core. Furthermore, the insulation layer is made of asbestos, and its mechanical properties change at low temperatures, weakening its bonding with other components. This further undermines the cable's structural integrity and tensile strength, significantly increasing the risk of failure during long-term use in cold regions.

[0008] Based on this, the present invention designs a cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable and a rapid laying method thereof to better ensure the stable performance of the cable in a low-temperature cold environment, so as to better solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention solves one of the above-mentioned technical problems, and the technical solution adopted is: a cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable, comprising a conductor part, an insulating layer, an optical fiber unit, a filling layer and an outer sheath that are coaxially and sequentially wrapped from the inside to the outside; the conductor part is formed by twisting multiple copper wires and a carbon fiber reinforced core is arranged inside, and each copper wire surface is provided with a micro-nano structure; the insulating layer is made of a modified material blended with EAA and PEBA and contains nano-boron nitride particles; the optical fiber unit is a PBT loose tube structure and a plurality of single-mode optical fibers and a special grease are arranged therein, the inner wall of the loose tube is provided with micro-nano protrusions and the surface of each micro-nano protrusion is covered with a silica anti-reflection film; the filling layer is composed of a composite of polyurethane elastomer and glass microbeads and is filled with a blend of shape memory fibers and metal nano-magnetic particles; the outer sheath is made of a blend of natural rubber and nitrile rubber and is covered with a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating, and a nano-carbon tube thermal shielding layer is provided between the conductor part and the reinforced core.

[0010] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the diameter of each copper wire is between 0.1-0.3 mm, and the copper wire is twisted by a planetary twister, and the twisting pitch is controlled to be 10-20 times the conductor diameter; the copper wire is degreased, photoetched, and chemically corroded to form a surface micro-nano structure on its surface, and the protrusions and grooves of the micro-nano structures of adjacent copper wires are interlocked during twisting, and a periodic pulsed magnetic field is applied during the twisting process, with a magnetic field strength of 4-8 mT and a pulse frequency of 15-35 Hz; the carbon fiber reinforced core is made of high-strength carbon fiber tow impregnated with high-performance resin, and an ultrasonic-assisted impregnation process is adopted during impregnation, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20-40 kHz and a power of 100-300 W, and at the same time, carbon nano-onions accounting for 0.5%-2% of the mass of the impregnation liquid are added to the impregnation liquid.

[0011] In any of the above solutions, preferably, the processing steps for the micro-nano structure on the surface of the copper wire are:

[0012] S1: Degreasing treatment: Select copper wire that meets the standards and completely immerse it in a degreasing agent solution with a precisely adjusted concentration of 5%. Soak the copper wire in a constant temperature water bath at 50°C for 15 minutes to allow the degreasing agent to fully work, ensuring the cleanliness of the copper wire surface and providing a good foundation for subsequent treatment steps.

[0013] S2: Photolithography operation: AZ4620 photoresist is evenly coated on the copper wire after degreasing and cleaning. The coating process must ensure that the thickness of the photoresist is uniform to avoid deviation of the photolithographic pattern caused by thickness differences.

[0014] After coating, professional photolithography equipment is used for exposure, and the exposure time is strictly set to 30 seconds. During the exposure process, light passes through the mask, causing the photoresist to undergo a photochemical reaction.

[0015] After the exposure is completed, the development operation is carried out immediately, and the development time is controlled within 20 seconds;

[0016] Through development, the photoresist in the unexposed part is removed, thereby forming a specific photolithographic pattern corresponding to the mask on the surface of the copper wire, which determines the precise etching area for subsequent chemical etching;

[0017] S3: Chemical etching: Place the copper wire with the photolithographic pattern in a 5% ferric chloride solution. The ferric chloride solution is used as an etching solution to etch the parts of the copper wire surface not protected by the photoresist. The container containing the copper wire and the ferric chloride solution is placed in an environment with a stable temperature of 40°C and the etching is continued for 10 minutes. During this process, the ferric chloride reacts chemically with the copper, gradually dissolving the copper on the surface of the copper wire, forming nano-scale protrusions and grooves in the area defined by the photolithographic pattern.

[0018] S4: Micro-nano structure. After the above-mentioned degreasing, photolithography and chemical corrosion treatments, a microstructure with nano-scale protrusions and grooves is formed on the surface of the copper wire. When multiple strands of copper wire are twisted, these protrusions and grooves on the surfaces of adjacent copper wires cooperate with each other and fit tightly together to form a unique micro-nano structure on the surface of the copper wire.

[0019] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the insulating layer includes an insulating mixture of EAA and PEBA in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1, nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 50-100 nm are uniformly dispersed inside the insulating mixture, and the mass percentage of the added nano-boron nitride particles is controlled to be 3%-5% of the insulating mixture; and the insulating layer is wrapped around the conductor by an insulating layer extrusion process;

[0020] In the insulation layer extrusion process, the above insulation mixture is heated to 180-220°C and melted before extrusion. The extrusion temperature is controlled at 185-220°C, the extrusion pressure is 10-14 MPa, and the screw speed is 30-50 r / min.

[0021] Electrostatic assisted dispersion is used during the extrusion process, and the applied electric field strength is 2-4kV / m.

[0022] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the number of single-mode optical fibers in the optical fiber unit is 4-12; the thickness of the silica anti-reflection film coated on the protruding surface is 60-100 nm; the gaps between the single-mode optical fibers are filled with a special low-temperature optical fiber grease by a vacuum filling method, and the single-mode optical fiber is plasma pretreated with argon before filling, with a processing power of 80-180 W, a processing time of 8-18 minutes, a vacuum degree maintained at 1×10⁻³-2.5×10⁻³Pa, and a filling time controlled at 10-20 minutes.

[0023] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the polyurethane elastomer and the glass microbeads in the filling layer are mixed in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3, the diameter of the added shape memory fiber is 5-10 μm, and the added amount is 2%-4% of the total mass of the filling material; the particle size of the metal nanomagnetic particles is 20-40 nm, and the added amount is 2%-4% of the mass of the filling material; during filling, the above filling material is heated to 80-100°C, and the filling is assisted by a vibration device and a centrifuge. After the filling is completed, compaction treatment is performed, and the filling rate is controlled at 85%-95%.

[0024] The polyurethane elastomer offers excellent flexibility and elasticity, while the glass microspheres provide rigid support. Together, they form a structural foundation that balances rigidity and flexibility. This combination allows the filler layer to effectively buffer external stresses, preventing damage to the cable's internal structure from external forces such as compression, stretching, or vibration, thereby ensuring the stability of the cable's overall structure.

[0025] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the outer sheath is made of natural rubber and nitrile rubber blended in a mass ratio of 6-7:3-4 and added with additives, wherein the additives include a cold-resistant plasticizer dioctyl phthalate, the addition amount of which is 7%-9.5% of the total mass of the rubber, and an antioxidant 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, the addition amount of which is 2.5%-3.8% of the total mass of the rubber; the outer sheath has a thickness of 3-5 mm, a tensile strength of more than 15 MPa, an elongation at break greater than 400%, and maintains good flexibility and Mechanical properties: The thickness of the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating coated on the outer surface is 50-100nm, and the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating is doped with silver ions, and the silver ion doping concentration is 0.03-0.07mol / L; the outer sheath is formed by an extrusion process, and the material is heated to 150-170℃ before extrusion. The mold temperature is controlled at 160-180℃ during extrusion, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-0.7m / min. During the extrusion process, the rubber material is subjected to electron beam irradiation cross-linking treatment, and the irradiation dose is 80-120kGy.

[0026] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the thickness of the nano-carbon tube thermal conductive shielding layer is between 150-250nm, the doping amount of nitrogen element is 2%-5% by atomic percentage; the nano-carbon tube has a hollow structure and the hollow part is filled with paraffin-based nano-phase change material with a melting point of 40-60°C.

[0027] In any of the above schemes, preferably, when preparing the carbon fiber reinforced core, the high-performance resin used is epoxy resin, and the curing conditions of the epoxy resin are temperature 120-140° C., pressure 0.7-1 MPa, and curing time 1.5-3 hours.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method for producing a cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0029] A1. Conductor Preparation: Copper wires with a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm were selected and subjected to degreasing, photolithography, and chemical etching to form micro-nanostructures. The wires were then twisted using a planetary twister with a twist pitch of 10-20 times the conductor diameter. A periodic pulsed magnetic field of 4-8 mT and 15-35 Hz was applied during twisting. A carbon fiber-reinforced core was also prepared and placed within the twisted copper wires.

[0030] A2. Insulation Coating: Mix EAA and PEBA in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1, add nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 50-100nm, accounting for 3%-5% of the insulation mixture by weight. After drying, mixing, and melting, extrude at 185-220°C, 10-14MPa pressure, and 30-50r / min screw speed, and electrostatically assist dispersion. Tightly coat the outside of the conductor to form an insulation layer.

[0031] A3. Fiber Unit Coating: The inner wall of the PBT loose tube is treated to form micro-nano protrusions and coated with a 60-100nm thick silica anti-reflection film. Four to twelve single-mode optical fibers are placed inside the tube. After argon plasma pretreatment, the tube is filled with a special low-temperature optical fiber grease using a vacuum filling method. The fiber unit is then coated on the outside of the insulation layer.

[0032] A4. Filling layer coating: Mix polyurethane elastomer and glass microbeads in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3, add specific shape memory fibers and metal nano-magnetic particles, heat, and use vibration and centrifugation to assist in filling and compacting. Fill the outer surface of the optical fiber unit, and control the filling rate to 85%-95%.

[0033] A5. Carbon nanotube thermal shield coating: A carbon nanotube thermal shield is deposited using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with a specific ratio of methane and hydrogen as the reaction gases at 750-850°C and 150-250 Pa. The carbon nanotube thermal shield is then filled with a controlled nitrogen doping agent and a phase change material, which is then coated between the filler layer and the conductor.

[0034] A6. Outer Sheath Coating: Natural rubber and nitrile rubber are blended in a mass ratio of 6-7:3-4, with additives added. After extrusion, a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating is applied to the outside of the filling layer (or the outside of the carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer, or directly to the outside of the filling layer if the carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer is within the filling layer).

[0035] A7. Overall processing: The finished cables are fully tested for performance, packaged after passing the test, and a quality traceability system is established.

[0036] During the conductor preparation process in step A1, the copper wire is degreased by soaking it in a 5% degreaser solution at 50°C for 15 minutes. AZ4620 photoresist is used for photolithography, with exposure times of 30 seconds and development times of 20 seconds. Chemical etching is performed in a 5% ferric chloride solution at 40°C for 10 minutes. During the preparation of the carbon fiber-reinforced core, the epoxy resin is impregnated with carbon nano-onions, accounting for 0.5%-2% of the impregnation solution by weight. Ultrasonic assisted impregnation is performed at a frequency of 20-40 kHz and a power of 100-300 W, and curing is performed at 120-140°C and 0.7-1 MPa for 1.5-3 hours.

[0037] Before preparing the insulating layer, EAA and PEBA are dried at 80-100°C for 2-3 hours respectively; during extrusion, the electrostatic assisted dispersion electric field strength is 2-4 kV / m.

[0038] In the optical fiber unit, the single-mode optical fiber is plasma pretreated with argon at a power of 80-180 W, for 8-18 minutes, and a vacuum degree of 1×10⁻³-2.5×10⁻³Pa, with a vacuum filling time of 10-20 minutes.

[0039] In the filling layer, the shape memory fiber has a diameter of 5-10 μm and an addition amount of 2%-4% of the total mass of the filling material; the metal nanomagnetic particles have a particle size of 20-40 nm and an addition amount of 2%-4% of the mass of the filling material; during filling, the vibration frequency of the vibration equipment is 20-50 Hz, and the centrifugal force of the centrifuge is 500-1000 g.

[0040] When preparing the nano-carbon tube thermal shielding layer, the flow ratio of methane to hydrogen is 1:5.5-8; the outer sheath is heated to 150-170°C before extrusion, the mold temperature is 160-180°C, the extrusion speed is 0.3-0.7m / min, and the electron beam irradiation cross-linking dose during extrusion is 80-120kGy; the silver ion doping concentration of the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating is 0.03-0.07mol / L, and the thickness is 50-100nm.

[0041] It should be noted that when the copper wires in the conductor part are twisted, a high-precision stress sensor is used to monitor the stress condition of each copper wire in real time. The accuracy of the stress sensor reaches ±0.1MPa, and the response time is less than 100ms. When it is detected that the stress deviation of a copper wire exceeds ±5%, the speed and torque of the twister are adjusted within 1s through the automatic control system, and the intensity and frequency of the pulsed magnetic field are dynamically optimized to quickly restore the stress of the copper wire to the normal range. During the extrusion process of the insulation layer, the thickness of the insulation layer is monitored at a frequency of 10 times / second using a laser online thickness gauge with a thickness measurement accuracy of ±0.02mm. At the same time, a high-speed camera is used to record the dispersion of nano-boron nitride particles at a speed of 500 frames / second. Once the thickness deviation exceeds ±0.03mm or the particles agglomerate, the system automatically adjusts the temperature, pressure, screw speed and electrostatic field strength of the extruder within 2s to ensure the stable quality of the insulation layer.

[0042] During the conductor stranding process, if stress deviation exceeds ±5%, in addition to adjusting the stranding machine's speed, torque, and pulsed magnetic field parameters, an electromagnetic damping device instantaneously brakes the copper wire for less than 0.5 seconds to prevent excessive stress and wire breakage. During insulation extrusion, if severe agglomeration of nano-boron nitride particles is detected, the system automatically activates an ultrasonic dispersion device with a frequency of 20-40kHz and a power of 100-300W to disperse the insulation material in real time.

[0043] In addition, in the preparation of the insulating layer material, the mixed EAA, PEBA and nano-boron nitride particles are placed in a supercritical carbon dioxide treatment kettle, the temperature is precisely controlled at 35-40°C, the pressure is 8-10MPa, and the treatment time is 30-45 minutes. Supercritical carbon dioxide not only makes the nano-boron nitride particles evenly dispersed, but also can react with the polymer material at a micro-interface, improving the crystal structure and molecular chain arrangement of the material. When treating the filling layer material, the polyurethane elastomer is first subjected to low-temperature plasma surface activation, using helium as the working gas, a power of 200-300W, and a treatment time of 15-20 minutes to form a large number of active groups on the surface. The activated polyurethane elastomer is then mixed with glass microbeads, shape memory fibers and metal nano-magnetic particles in a high-speed mixer at a speed of 1000-1500r / min for 10-15 minutes to enhance the interfacial bonding between the materials.

[0044] The supercritical CO2 treatment vessel features precise temperature and pressure control within ±0.5°C and ±0.1 MPa, respectively, to ensure consistent treatment results. The low-temperature plasma treatment equipment utilizes a radio frequency plasma generator, which produces a uniform and stable plasma environment, enhancing the surface activation of polyurethane elastomers. The high-speed mixer is equipped with an intelligent stirring control system that automatically adjusts stirring speed and time based on material characteristics and mixing requirements to ensure uniform mixing.

[0045] During the supercritical carbon dioxide treatment process, a surfactant, such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, is added to the treatment vessel at a concentration of 0.5% to 1% of the total weight of the insulating material to further promote the dispersion of the nano-boron nitride particles and microinterface reactions. Following low-temperature plasma surface activation, the polyurethane elastomer is surface-grafted to introduce functional groups, such as carboxyl and amino groups, that have a good affinity for the glass microbeads, shape memory fibers, and metal nanomagnetic particles, enhancing chemical bonding between the materials.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] This cold-resistant and stretch-resistant optoelectronic composite cable integrates cold resistance, stretch resistance, electrical conductivity, insulation, communication, heat dissipation, and protection. The insulation layer utilizes a modified blend of EAA and PEBA combined with nano-boron nitride particles for enhanced cold resistance and insulation. The filling layer's polyurethane elastomer is composited with glass microspheres, and shape memory fibers and metal nanomagnetic particles are added to enhance structural stability and overall performance. The outer sheath utilizes a blend of natural rubber and nitrile rubber with additives for improved cold resistance, stretch resistance, and aging resistance. The carbon nanotube thermal shield layer provides efficient heat dissipation and heat storage, while also providing electromagnetic shielding. The optical fiber unit is adaptable to low-temperature environments, ensuring stable optical signal transmission and meeting diverse usage requirements in complex environments.

[0048] 2. The copper wire surfaces undergo degreasing, photoetching, and chemical etching to create a micro-nanostructure. When twisted, the protrusions and grooves of the micro-nanostructure on adjacent copper wires interlock, significantly increasing the contact area and friction between the wires and strengthening their bonding strength. A periodic pulsed magnetic field is applied during twisting to create a tighter and more orderly arrangement of the copper wires, reducing relative slippage between them during stretching. The carbon fiber-reinforced core utilizes an ultrasonically assisted impregnation process and incorporates carbon nanotubes to enhance its strength. These measures work together to improve the cable's tensile and bending resistance, ensuring structural integrity under complex mechanical stresses and extending its service life.

[0049] 3. The tightly interlocking micro-nanostructures on the copper wire surface increase the effective conductive contact area, reduce contact resistance, minimize power transmission losses, and improve conductivity efficiency. At the same time, the micro-nanostructures change the electric field distribution on the copper wire surface, making the current distribution more uniform, avoiding current concentration, and improving the overall conductivity and safety of the cable.

[0050] 4. The micro-nano projections and silica anti-reflection coating on the inner wall of the fiber unit's loose tube effectively reduce optical signal reflection loss, improving transmission efficiency and minimizing signal attenuation. The gaps between single-mode optical fibers are vacuum-filled with a specialized low-temperature optical fiber grease. This reduces stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction in low-temperature environments, ensuring proper optical signal transmission. Argon plasma pretreatment of the optical fiber prior to filling enhances adhesion between the fiber and the grease, improving its cold resistance and mechanical strength, and ensuring stable optical signal transmission.

[0051] 5. The nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating on the outer sheath produces highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals under light conditions, decomposing organic pollutants on the outer sheath surface. This self-cleaning function keeps the cable surface clean and reduces the impact of dirt on cable performance. Silver ions are doped into the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating to enhance its antibacterial properties, inhibiting bacterial growth and protecting the cable's internal structure from environmental erosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly describes the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Similar elements or components are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Elements or components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure, 1. Copper wire; 2. Carbon fiber reinforced core; 3. Single-mode optical fiber; 4. Loose tube; 5. Micro-nano protrusions; 6. Silica anti-reflection film; 7. Filling layer; 8. Outer sheath; 9. Nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating; 10. Nano-carbon tube thermal shielding layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore only used as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown in .

[0056] Example 1: A cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable, comprising a conductor part, an insulating layer, an optical fiber unit, a filling layer and an outer sheath which are coaxially and sequentially wrapped from the inside to the outside; the conductor part is formed by twisting multiple copper wires and a carbon fiber reinforced core is arranged inside, and each copper wire surface is provided with a micro-nano structure; the insulating layer is made of a blended modified material of EAA and PEBA and contains nano-boron nitride particles; the optical fiber unit is a PBT loose tube structure and is provided with a number of single-mode optical fibers and a special grease, the inner wall of the loose tube is provided with micro-nano protrusions and the surface of each micro-nano protrusion is covered with a silica anti-reflection film; the filling layer is composed of a composite of polyurethane elastomer and glass microbeads and is filled with a blend of shape memory fibers and metal nano-magnetic particles; the outer sheath is made of a blend of natural rubber and nitrile rubber and is covered with a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating, and a nano-carbon tube thermal shielding layer is provided between the conductor part and the reinforced core.

[0057] The cable integrates cold resistance, tensile strength, conductivity, insulation, communication, heat dissipation and protection functions. It can maintain good flexibility and mechanical properties in a low temperature environment of -40°C, has strong tensile strength and high elongation at break, and can be widely used in cold areas, high mechanical stress environments and fields with strict requirements for communication and power transmission, such as polar scientific research, oil exploration, smart grids, etc., effectively meeting the use requirements in complex environments and improving the reliability and safety of related projects.

[0058] The cable's insulation layer utilizes a modified blend of EAA and PEBA, combined with nano-boron nitride particles, to enhance cold resistance and insulation. The filling layer's polyurethane elastomer is composited with glass microspheres, and shape memory fibers and metal nano-magnetic particles are added to enhance structural stability and overall performance. The outer sheath utilizes a blend of natural rubber and nitrile rubber with additives to improve cold resistance, tensile strength, and aging resistance. The carbon nanotube thermal shield layer is filled with a paraffin-based nano-phase change material for efficient heat dissipation and heat storage, while also providing electromagnetic shielding. The single-mode optical fiber within the fiber unit is equipped with a specialized low-temperature optical fiber grease to adapt to low-temperature environments and ensure stable optical signal transmission.

[0059] The carbon fiber reinforced core and the micro-nano structure on the surface of the copper wire in the conductor part enhance the tensile strength and conductivity; the insulation layer tightly wraps the conductor to provide reliable insulation; the optical fiber unit is independently set to ensure communication function; the filling layer fills the gap to enhance the overall structural strength; the outer sheath protects the internal components in all directions, and the layers are closely matched to achieve the integration and optimization of multiple functions.

[0060] The micro-nano structure on the surface of the copper wire enhances the bonding force between the copper wires through the interlocking of protrusions and grooves; the micro-nano protrusions and titanium dioxide anti-reflection film on the inner wall of the loose tube of the optical fiber unit reduce the loss of optical signals; the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating on the surface of the outer sheath has self-cleaning and antibacterial functions, improving the overall performance of the cable from a microscopic level.

[0061] In addition, the copper wire is degreased, photoetched, and chemically corroded to form a micro-nano structure, and a periodic pulsed magnetic field is applied when twisted; the carbon fiber reinforced core adopts an ultrasonic-assisted impregnation process and adds carbon nano-onions to optimize the performance of the reinforced core and improve the overall tensile strength of the cable.

[0062] The insulation layer extrusion process uses electrostatically assisted dispersion to ensure uniform distribution of nano-boron nitride particles; the optical fiber unit adopts a vacuum filling method and pre-treats the optical fiber to improve the filling effect and optical fiber stability; electron beam irradiation cross-linking is performed during the outer sheath extrusion process to enhance the strength and stability of the outer sheath; the nano-carbon tube thermal shield layer is precisely prepared by chemical vapor deposition using parameters precisely controlled to ensure its performance.

[0063] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the diameter of each copper wire is between 0.1-0.3 mm, and the copper wire is twisted by a planetary twister, and the twisting pitch is controlled to be 10-20 times the conductor diameter; the copper wire is degreased, photoetched, and chemically corroded to form a surface micro-nano structure on its surface, and the protrusions and grooves of the micro-nano structures of adjacent copper wires are interlocked during twisting, and a periodic pulsed magnetic field is applied during the twisting process, with a magnetic field strength of 4-8 mT and a pulse frequency of 15-35 Hz; the carbon fiber reinforced core is made of high-strength carbon fiber tow impregnated with high-performance resin, and an ultrasonic-assisted impregnation process is adopted during impregnation, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20-40 kHz and a power of 100-300 W, and at the same time, carbon nano-onions accounting for 0.5%-2% of the mass of the impregnation liquid are added to the impregnation liquid.

[0064] In any of the above solutions, preferably, the processing steps for the micro-nano structure on the surface of the copper wire are:

[0065] S1: Degreasing treatment: Select copper wire that meets the standards and completely immerse it in a degreasing agent solution with a precisely adjusted concentration of 5%. Soak the copper wire in a constant temperature water bath at 50°C for 15 minutes to allow the degreasing agent to fully work, ensuring the cleanliness of the copper wire surface and providing a good foundation for subsequent treatment steps.

[0066] S2: Photolithography operation: AZ4620 photoresist is evenly coated on the copper wire after degreasing and cleaning. The coating process must ensure that the thickness of the photoresist is uniform to avoid deviation of the photolithographic pattern caused by thickness differences.

[0067] After coating, professional photolithography equipment is used for exposure, and the exposure time is strictly set to 30 seconds. During the exposure process, light passes through the mask, causing the photoresist to undergo a photochemical reaction.

[0068] After the exposure is completed, the development operation is carried out immediately, and the development time is controlled within 20 seconds;

[0069] Through development, the photoresist in the unexposed part is removed, thereby forming a specific photolithographic pattern corresponding to the mask on the surface of the copper wire, which determines the precise etching area for subsequent chemical etching;

[0070] S3: Chemical etching: Place the copper wire with the photolithographic pattern in a 5% ferric chloride solution. The ferric chloride solution is used as an etching solution to etch the parts of the copper wire surface not protected by the photoresist. The container containing the copper wire and the ferric chloride solution is placed in an environment with a stable temperature of 40°C and the etching is continued for 10 minutes. During this process, the ferric chloride reacts chemically with the copper, gradually dissolving the copper on the surface of the copper wire, forming nano-scale protrusions and grooves in the area defined by the photolithographic pattern.

[0071] S4: Micro-nano structure. After the above-mentioned degreasing, photolithography and chemical corrosion treatments, a microstructure with nano-scale protrusions and grooves is formed on the surface of the copper wire. When multiple strands of copper wire are twisted, these protrusions and grooves on the surfaces of adjacent copper wires cooperate with each other and fit tightly together to form a unique micro-nano structure on the surface of the copper wire.

[0072] This micro-nano structure can enhance the mechanical bonding force between copper wires, while improving the overall tensile strength of the cable, optimizing the conductive contact between the copper wires; during the twisting process of multiple copper wires in the conductor part, the protrusions and grooves of this micro-nano structure on the surface of adjacent copper wires fit together, enhancing the bonding force between the copper wires and helping to improve the conductivity and tensile strength of the cable.

[0073] On the one hand, a periodic pulsed magnetic field is applied when the copper wires are twisted. The effect of the magnetic field makes the copper wires arranged more tightly and orderly during the twisting process, enhances the bonding force between the copper wires, reduces the relative sliding between the copper wires during the stretching process, and improves the overall tensile resistance.

[0074] On the other hand, the carbon fiber reinforced core adopts an ultrasonic assisted impregnation process. The ultrasonic vibration effect enables the high-performance resin to more evenly infiltrate the carbon fiber tow, thereby enhancing the bonding strength between the two.

[0075] At the same time, the added carbon nano-onions have excellent mechanical properties and can effectively disperse stress, further enhancing the strength of the reinforced core. When the cable is subjected to tensile forces, the carbon fiber reinforced core can bear most of the tension. Working synergistically with the optimized copper wire stranding structure, it significantly enhances the cable's tensile resistance, enabling it to adapt to various complex tensile environments, such as long-distance overhead laying and soil tension when deeply buried.

[0076] The micro-nanostructures on the copper wires and the processing used during twisting not only strengthen the bonding between the wires but also enhance the overall mechanical stability of the cable. When subjected to external shock or vibration, the interlocking micro-nanostructures and the tightly twisted structure effectively disperse stress, reducing structural deformation and damage caused by external forces. The presence of a carbon fiber-reinforced core further enhances the cable's rigidity and toughness, ensuring that the cable maintains structural integrity even under significant mechanical stress, preventing breakage and other issues, and extending its service life.

[0077] The periodic pulsed magnetic field applied during the twisting process not only affects the alignment and bonding of the copper wires but also modifies the cable's electromagnetic properties to a certain extent. This magnetic field treatment reduces electromagnetic interference generated by the cable during current transmission, improving the cable's electromagnetic compatibility. For applications with strict electromagnetic environment requirements, such as near communication base stations and in areas with dense electronic equipment, this cable can better meet these requirements, reducing interference with surrounding electronic equipment. It also improves its resistance to external electromagnetic interference and ensures stable signal transmission.

[0078] In summary, this copper wire surface micro-nanostructure processing technology brings many functional advantages to the cable:

[0079] Enhanced Mechanical Properties: Improved bonding strength between copper wires. After degreasing, photoetching, and chemical etching, nanoscale projections and grooves form on the copper wire surface. These structures tightly fit together when twisted. This microscopic bonding significantly increases the contact area and friction between the copper wires, forming a more stable whole after twisting. Compared to ordinary copper wire twisting, its bonding strength is significantly enhanced. When the cable is subjected to external forces such as stretching and bending, it can effectively reduce relative slippage and displacement between the copper wires, improve the cable's tensile and bending resistance, and ensure that the cable maintains its structural integrity even in complex mechanical stress environments.

[0080] Improved overall structural stability: The micro-nanostructure ensures tighter and more orderly connections between copper wires, enhancing the overall structural stability of the conductor. During cable manufacturing and use, it can better resist external interference such as vibration and impact, reducing copper wire breakage or loosening due to mechanical stress, thereby ensuring reliable power transmission. This stable structure also helps improve the cable's fatigue resistance and extend its service life.

[0081] Optimizing electrical conductivity: Contact resistance is reduced. The tight interlocking of adjacent copper wire micro-nanostructures increases the effective conductive contact area between the wires. According to electrical principles, increasing the contact area reduces contact resistance, allowing for smoother current transmission between the wires and minimizing energy loss during transmission. This not only improves the cable's electrical conductivity and reduces energy consumption, but also reduces heat generated by resistance, helping to improve the cable's heat dissipation and ensure stability during high-load operation.

[0082] Improved current distribution: The presence of the micro-nano structure alters the electric field distribution on the copper wire surface, making the current more evenly distributed between the wires. In traditional copper wire stranding, current can concentrate at certain contact points, leading to localized overheating and increased losses. However, the micro-nano structure effectively disperses the current, preventing current concentration and improving the overall conductivity and safety of the cable.

[0083] Improved Surface Properties: Enhanced surface roughness and adhesion. Nanoscale protrusions and grooves increase the surface roughness of the copper wire. This rough surface structure helps improve adhesion to other materials. During the cable manufacturing process, the insulation layer, filler layer, and other components are more tightly bonded to the copper wire surface, effectively preventing delamination or shedding between layers, further enhancing the overall structural stability and reliability of the cable.

[0084] Improved surface corrosion resistance: The unique morphology of the micro-nanostructure can, to a certain extent, hinder direct contact between the corrosive medium and the copper wire surface, slowing the corrosion rate of the copper wire. Furthermore, the increased surface area of the micro-nanostructure also facilitates the formation of a denser oxide film or other protective layer on the surface, improving the corrosion resistance of the copper wire and extending the service life of the cable, allowing it to maintain good performance even in harsh environmental conditions (such as moisture and chemical corrosion).

[0085] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the insulating layer includes an insulating mixture of EAA and PEBA in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1, nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 50-100 nm are uniformly dispersed inside the insulating mixture, and the mass percentage of the added nano-boron nitride particles is controlled to be 3%-5% of the insulating mixture; and the insulating layer is wrapped around the conductor by an insulating layer extrusion process;

[0086] In the insulation layer extrusion process, the above insulation mixture is heated to 180-220°C and melted before extrusion. The extrusion temperature is controlled at 185-220°C, the extrusion pressure is 10-14 MPa, and the screw speed is 30-50 r / min.

[0087] Electrostatic assisted dispersion is used during the extrusion process, and the applied electric field strength is 2-4kV / m.

[0088] Nano-boron nitride particles not only improve insulation but also possess excellent thermal conductivity. Evenly dispersed throughout the insulation layer, the nano-boron nitride quickly conducts away heat generated by the conductor, preventing heat accumulation and overheating of the cable. This helps maintain stable performance across the cable and extends its service life, making it particularly suitable for high-current transmission scenarios. Furthermore, electrostatically assisted dispersion, with an electric field strength of 2-4 kV / m, promotes a more even dispersion of the nano-boron nitride particles within the insulation mixture, preventing agglomeration and further enhancing the consistency and stability of the insulation layer's performance.

[0089] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the number of single-mode optical fibers in the optical fiber unit is 4-12; the thickness of the silica anti-reflection film coated on the protruding surface is 60-100 nm; the gaps between the single-mode optical fibers are filled with a special low-temperature optical fiber grease by a vacuum filling method, and the single-mode optical fiber is plasma pretreated with argon before filling, with a processing power of 80-180 W, a processing time of 8-18 minutes, a vacuum degree maintained at 1×10⁻³-2.5×10⁻³Pa, and a filling time controlled at 10-20 minutes.

[0090] A 60-100nm thick silica anti-reflection coating is applied to the raised surface of the loose tube inner wall of the optical fiber unit, effectively reducing reflection losses during optical signal transmission. When light propagates through the optical fiber and encounters interfaces between different media, the anti-reflection coating reduces the intensity of reflected light, allowing more light energy to propagate along the fiber's axis. This improves optical signal transmission efficiency, reduces signal attenuation, and ensures long-distance, high-quality optical communications.

[0091] The gaps between single-mode optical fibers are vacuum-filled with a specialized low-temperature optical fiber grease. This grease exhibits excellent low-temperature fluidity and stability, and will not solidify or thicken in low-temperature environments, providing continuous protection and cushioning for the optical fibers. In cold regions, even at extremely low ambient temperatures, the optical fiber grease effectively reduces stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction, preventing fiber breakage, ensuring proper optical signal transmission in low temperatures, and enhancing the fiber's cold resistance.

[0092] Before filling, single-mode optical fibers are pretreated with argon plasma. Under treatment conditions of 80-180W power and 8-18 minutes, the active particles in the plasma undergo physical and chemical reactions with the fiber surface, cleaning it and removing impurities and contaminants while also improving the fiber's surface microstructure. This not only strengthens the adhesion between the fiber and the grease, but also improves the fiber's cold resistance and mechanical strength, making it more stable and reliable in low-temperature environments and enhancing its performance.

[0093] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the polyurethane elastomer and the glass microbeads in the filling layer are mixed in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3, the diameter of the added shape memory fiber is 5-10 μm, and the added amount is 2%-4% of the total mass of the filling material; the particle size of the metal nanomagnetic particles is 20-40 nm, and the added amount is 2%-4% of the mass of the filling material; during filling, the above filling material is heated to 80-100°C, and the filling is assisted by a vibration device and a centrifuge. After the filling is completed, compaction treatment is performed, and the filling rate is controlled at 85%-95%.

[0094] The polyurethane elastomer offers excellent flexibility and elasticity, while the glass microspheres provide rigid support. Together, they form a structural foundation that balances rigidity and flexibility. This combination allows the filler layer to effectively buffer external stresses, preventing damage to the cable's internal structure from external forces such as compression, stretching, or vibration, thereby ensuring the stability of the cable's overall structure.

[0095] In addition, shape memory fibers with a diameter of 5-10 μm and an addition amount of 2%-4% of the total filler material weight act as a reinforcing skeleton within the filler layer. Shape memory fibers exhibit a unique shape memory effect. After deforming under external stress, they can return to their original shape when temperature and other conditions change, providing continuous support for the filler layer. When the cable is subjected to external forces such as bending and stretching, the shape memory fibers effectively disperse stress, reducing deformation and damage to the filler layer, further enhancing the stability of the cable structure. Metal nanomagnetic particles with a particle size of 20-40 nm and an addition amount of 2%-4% of the filler material weight are added to the filler material. These magnetic particles can influence the electromagnetic field distribution within the cable. During power or signal transmission through the cable, the metal nanomagnetic particles can suppress the propagation of electromagnetic interference, providing a certain degree of electromagnetic shielding, reducing electromagnetic interference between internal cable components and with the outside world, ensuring the stability and accuracy of signal transmission within the cable, and improving the cable's electromagnetic compatibility.

[0096] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the outer sheath is made of natural rubber and nitrile rubber blended in a mass ratio of 6-7:3-4 and added with additives, wherein the additives include a cold-resistant plasticizer dioctyl phthalate, the addition amount of which is 7%-9.5% of the total mass of the rubber, and an antioxidant 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, the addition amount of which is 2.5%-3.8% of the total mass of the rubber; the outer sheath has a thickness of 3-5 mm, a tensile strength of more than 15 MPa, an elongation at break greater than 400%, and maintains good flexibility and Mechanical properties: The thickness of the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating coated on the outer surface is 50-100nm, and the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating is doped with silver ions, and the silver ion doping concentration is 0.03-0.07mol / L; the outer sheath is formed by an extrusion process, and the material is heated to 150-170℃ before extrusion. The mold temperature is controlled at 160-180℃ during extrusion, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-0.7m / min. During the extrusion process, the rubber material is subjected to electron beam irradiation cross-linking treatment, and the irradiation dose is 80-120kGy.

[0097] The outer surface is coated with a 50-100nm thick nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating. Under light conditions, the nano-titanium dioxide can produce photogenerated electron-hole pairs. These electrons and holes can react with water and oxygen in the air to generate hydroxyl radicals, which are highly oxidizing. Hydroxyl radicals can decompose organic pollutants on the outer sheath surface, converting them into harmless carbon dioxide and water, realizing the self-cleaning function of the outer sheath, keeping the cable surface clean and reducing the impact of dirt on cable performance.

[0098] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the thickness of the nano-carbon tube thermal conductive shielding layer is between 150-250nm, the doping amount of nitrogen element is 2%-5% by atomic percentage; the nano-carbon tube has a hollow structure and the hollow part is filled with paraffin-based nano-phase change material with a melting point of 40-60°C.

[0099] Carbon nanotubes inherently possess excellent thermal conductivity. Nitrogen doping at a level of 2% to 5% atomic percent optimizes their crystal structure, further enhancing thermal conductivity. During cable operation, heat generated is rapidly transferred through the carbon nanotube thermal shield, effectively reducing the internal temperature of the cable and ensuring that all cable components operate within an appropriate temperature range, preventing performance degradation and shortened lifespan due to overheating.

[0100] The hollow core of the carbon nanotubes is filled with a paraffin-based nanophase-change material with a melting point of 40-60°C. When the cable temperature rises and reaches the melting point of the phase-change material, it absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, storing the heat. When the temperature drops, the phase-change material solidifies and releases the heat. This phase-change heat storage mechanism acts as a temperature buffer, effectively balancing the cable's internal temperature, improving heat dissipation efficiency, and ensuring stable cable operation under various operating conditions.

[0101] Furthermore, the unique structure and nitrogen doping of carbon nanotubes alter their electron cloud distribution, giving them excellent electromagnetic shielding capabilities. During cable power and signal transmission, they effectively shield against external electromagnetic interference, preventing interfering signals from entering the cable and affecting signal transmission quality. Furthermore, they suppress the leakage of electromagnetic radiation generated by the cable itself, preventing interference with surrounding electronic equipment. This improves the cable's electromagnetic compatibility and ensures the stability of communications and power transmission.

[0102] In any of the above schemes, preferably, when preparing the carbon fiber reinforced core, the high-performance resin used is epoxy resin, and the curing conditions of the epoxy resin are temperature 120-140° C., pressure 0.7-1 MPa, and curing time 1.5-3 hours.

[0103] The cured epoxy resin in the carbon fiber reinforced core protects the carbon fibers from chemical damage, maintaining the core's mechanical properties and ensuring the cable's continued function in harsh chemical environments. When the cable is subjected to tension, the core effectively withstands the force, preventing breakage and ensuring stable power and signal transmission. This makes the cable suitable for long-distance, large-span installations, such as overhead transmission lines.

[0104] Example 2: Compared with Example 1, this example is different in that it also includes the following technical features:

[0105] The present invention also provides a method for producing a cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0106] A1. Conductor Preparation: Copper wires with a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm were selected and subjected to degreasing, photolithography, and chemical etching to form micro-nanostructures. The wires were then twisted using a planetary twister with a twist pitch of 10-20 times the conductor diameter. A periodic pulsed magnetic field of 4-8 mT and 15-35 Hz was applied during twisting. A carbon fiber-reinforced core was also prepared and placed within the twisted copper wires.

[0107] By degreasing, photoetching and chemically corroding the copper wire, a micro-nano structure is formed on its surface, which can enhance the bonding strength and conductivity between the copper wires; applying a periodic pulsed magnetic field during twisting helps to optimize the interlocking effect of the micro-nano structure and improve the performance of the conductor; the carbon fiber reinforced core improves the overall strength and tensile strength of the conductor part.

[0108] The copper wire surfaces are degreased, photoetched, and chemically etched to create a micro-nanostructure. When twisted, the protrusions and grooves of the micro-nanostructure on adjacent copper wires interlock, significantly increasing the contact area and friction between the wires and strengthening their bond. A periodic pulsed magnetic field is applied during twisting to create a tighter, more orderly arrangement of the copper wires, reducing relative slippage during stretching. The carbon fiber-reinforced core is reinforced with an ultrasonically assisted impregnation process and the addition of carbon nanotubes, enhancing its strength. These measures work together to improve the cable's tensile and bending resistance, ensuring structural integrity under complex mechanical stresses and extending its service life.

[0109] A2. Insulation Coating: Mix EAA and PEBA in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1, add nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 50-100nm, accounting for 3%-5% of the insulation mixture by weight. After drying, mixing, and melting, extrude at 185-220°C, 10-14MPa pressure, and 30-50r / min screw speed, and electrostatically assist dispersion. Tightly coat the outside of the conductor to form an insulation layer.

[0110] The blending of EAA and PEBA and the addition of nano-boron nitride particles improves the insulation performance, heat resistance and mechanical strength of the insulation layer; electrostatic assisted dispersion ensures the uniform distribution of nano-boron nitride particles, enhancing the stability of the insulation layer; specific extrusion process parameters ensure the quality of the insulation layer and the coating effect.

[0111] A3. Fiber Unit Coating: The inner wall of the PBT loose tube is treated to form micro-nano protrusions and coated with a 60-100nm thick silica anti-reflection film. Four to twelve single-mode optical fibers are placed inside the tube. After argon plasma pretreatment, the tube is filled with a special low-temperature optical fiber grease using a vacuum filling method. The fiber unit is then coated on the outside of the insulation layer.

[0112] The micro-nano protrusions and silica anti-reflection film on the inner wall of the PBT loose tube reduce the reflection of light signals and improve the transmission efficiency of the optical fiber; the argon plasma pretreatment enhances the adhesion between the optical fiber and the grease; and the vacuum filling method ensures uniform filling of the grease, protecting the optical fiber and improving its environmental adaptability.

[0113] A4. Filling layer coating: Mix polyurethane elastomer and glass microbeads in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3, add specific shape memory fibers and metal nano-magnetic particles, heat, and use vibration and centrifugation to assist in filling and compacting. Fill the outer surface of the optical fiber unit, and control the filling rate to 85%-95%.

[0114] The combination of polyurethane elastomer and glass microbeads provides good flexibility and rigid support; shape memory fiber and metal nanomagnetic particles give the filling layer special properties, such as shape memory function and electromagnetic shielding performance; vibration and centrifugal assisted filling improve the uniformity and density of filling.

[0115] A5. Carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer coating: The carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer is prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using methane and hydrogen in a specific ratio as the reaction gases at 750-850°C and 150-250Pa. The nitrogen doping level is controlled and phase change material is added, which is then coated between the filling layer and the conductor. The carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer is prepared by CVD and then doped with nitrogen and filled with phase change material, improving the heat dissipation and electromagnetic shielding performance of the cable.

[0116] A6. Outer Sheath Coating: Natural rubber and nitrile rubber are blended in a mass ratio of 6-7:3-4 and additives are added. After extrusion molding, a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating is applied. This coating is then applied to the outside of the filler layer (or the outside of the carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer; if the carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer is within the filler layer, it is directly coated on the outside of the filler layer). The natural rubber and nitrile rubber are blended and additives are added to impart the outer sheath with excellent cold and oil resistance and mechanical properties. The nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating imparts self-cleaning and antibacterial properties to the outer sheath, protecting the cable's internal structure from environmental corrosion.

[0117] A7. Overall processing: The finished cables are fully tested for performance, packaged after passing the test, and a quality traceability system is established.

[0118] During the conductor preparation process in step A1, the copper wire is degreased by soaking it in a 5% degreaser solution at 50°C for 15 minutes. AZ4620 photoresist is used for photolithography, with exposure times of 30 seconds and development times of 20 seconds. Chemical etching is performed in a 5% ferric chloride solution at 40°C for 10 minutes. During the preparation of the carbon fiber-reinforced core, the epoxy resin is impregnated with carbon nano-onions, accounting for 0.5%-2% of the impregnation solution by weight. Ultrasonic assisted impregnation is performed at a frequency of 20-40 kHz and a power of 100-300 W, and curing is performed at 120-140°C and 0.7-1 MPa for 1.5-3 hours.

[0119] Before preparing the insulation layer, EAA and PEBA are dried at 80-100°C for 2-3 hours. During extrusion, the electrostatically assisted dispersion electric field strength is maintained at 2-4 kV / m. This drying process removes moisture from the material, preventing it from affecting insulation performance. Controlling the electrostatically assisted dispersion electric field strength ensures uniform dispersion of the nano-boron nitride particles throughout the insulation material, enhancing the performance of the insulation layer.

[0120] In the fiber unit, the single-mode fiber is pretreated with argon plasma at a power of 80-180W for 8-18 minutes at a vacuum of 1×10⁻³-2.5×10⁻³Pa. The vacuum filling time is 10-20 minutes. This argon plasma pretreatment improves the surface properties of the single-mode fiber and enhances its adhesion to the grease. Controlling the vacuum filling time ensures uniform grease filling, improving the performance of the fiber unit.

[0121] In the filling layer, the shape memory fiber has a diameter of 5-10 μm and an addition amount of 2%-4% of the total mass of the filling material; the metal nanomagnetic particles have a particle size of 20-40 nm and an addition amount of 2%-4% of the mass of the filling material; during filling, the vibration frequency of the vibration equipment is 20-50 Hz, and the centrifugal force of the centrifuge is 500-1000 g.

[0122] When preparing the nano-carbon tube thermal shielding layer, the flow ratio of methane to hydrogen is 1:5.5-8; the outer sheath is heated to 150-170°C before extrusion, the mold temperature is 160-180°C, the extrusion speed is 0.3-0.7m / min, and the electron beam irradiation cross-linking dose during extrusion is 80-120kGy; the silver ion doping concentration of the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating is 0.03-0.07mol / L, and the thickness is 50-100nm.

[0123] It should be noted that when the copper wires in the conductor part are twisted, a high-precision stress sensor is used to monitor the stress condition of each copper wire in real time. The accuracy of the stress sensor reaches ±0.1MPa, and the response time is less than 100ms. When it is detected that the stress deviation of a copper wire exceeds ±5%, the speed and torque of the twister are adjusted within 1s through the automatic control system, and the intensity and frequency of the pulsed magnetic field are dynamically optimized to quickly restore the stress of the copper wire to the normal range. During the extrusion process of the insulation layer, the thickness of the insulation layer is monitored at a frequency of 10 times / second using a laser online thickness gauge with a thickness measurement accuracy of ±0.02mm. At the same time, a high-speed camera is used to record the dispersion of nano-boron nitride particles at a speed of 500 frames / second. Once the thickness deviation exceeds ±0.03mm or the particles agglomerate, the system automatically adjusts the temperature, pressure, screw speed and electrostatic field strength of the extruder within 2s to ensure the stable quality of the insulation layer.

[0124] During the conductor stranding process, if stress deviation exceeds ±5%, in addition to adjusting the stranding machine's speed, torque, and pulsed magnetic field parameters, an electromagnetic damping device instantaneously brakes the copper wire for less than 0.5 seconds to prevent excessive stress and wire breakage. During insulation extrusion, if severe agglomeration of nano-boron nitride particles is detected, the system automatically activates an ultrasonic dispersion device with a frequency of 20-40kHz and a power of 100-300W to disperse the insulation material in real time.

[0125] In addition, in the preparation of the insulating layer material, the mixed EAA, PEBA and nano-boron nitride particles are placed in a supercritical carbon dioxide treatment kettle, the temperature is precisely controlled at 35-40°C, the pressure is 8-10MPa, and the treatment time is 30-45 minutes. Supercritical carbon dioxide not only makes the nano-boron nitride particles evenly dispersed, but also can react with the polymer material at a micro-interface, improving the crystal structure and molecular chain arrangement of the material. When treating the filling layer material, the polyurethane elastomer is first subjected to low-temperature plasma surface activation, using helium as the working gas, a power of 200-300W, and a treatment time of 15-20 minutes to form a large number of active groups on the surface. The activated polyurethane elastomer is then mixed with glass microbeads, shape memory fibers and metal nano-magnetic particles in a high-speed mixer at a speed of 1000-1500r / min for 10-15 minutes to enhance the interfacial bonding between the materials.

[0126] Supercritical carbon dioxide treatment optimizes the performance of the insulation layer material, low-temperature plasma surface activation and high-speed mixing treatment enhance the bonding force between the filling layer materials, and improve the performance of each layer of the cable.

[0127] The supercritical CO2 treatment vessel features precise temperature and pressure control within ±0.5°C and ±0.1 MPa, respectively, to ensure consistent treatment results. The low-temperature plasma treatment equipment utilizes a radio frequency plasma generator, which produces a uniform and stable plasma environment, enhancing the surface activation of polyurethane elastomers. The high-speed mixer is equipped with an intelligent stirring control system that automatically adjusts stirring speed and time based on material characteristics and mixing requirements to ensure uniform mixing.

[0128] During the supercritical carbon dioxide treatment process, a surfactant, such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, is added to the treatment vessel at a concentration of 0.5% to 1% of the total weight of the insulating material to further promote the dispersion of the nano-boron nitride particles and microinterface reactions. Following low-temperature plasma surface activation, the polyurethane elastomer is surface-grafted to introduce functional groups, such as carboxyl and amino groups, that have a good affinity for the glass microbeads, shape memory fibers, and metal nanomagnetic particles, enhancing chemical bonding between the materials.

[0129] Example 3: The production method of the cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable in this example is as follows:

[0130] Conductor part preparation:

[0131] A 0.1mm diameter copper wire was immersed in a 5% degreaser solution in a 50°C water bath for 15 minutes to degrease. Next, photolithography was performed using AZ4620 photoresist with an exposure time of 30 seconds and a development time of 20 seconds. The copper wire was then etched in a 5% ferric chloride solution at 40°C for 10 minutes to form the micro-nanostructure.

[0132] A planetary stranding machine was used to twist multiple strands of treated copper wire, with a twisting pitch of 10 times the conductor diameter. A periodic pulsed magnetic field of 4 mT and 15 Hz was applied during twisting. A carbon fiber-reinforced core was also prepared. High-strength carbon fiber tows were impregnated with an epoxy resin containing 0.5% carbon nano-onions by weight of the impregnation solution. Ultrasonic-assisted impregnation was used at a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 100 W. The core was cured at 120°C and 0.7 MPa for 1.5 hours before being placed inside the stranded copper wire.

[0133] Insulation coating:

[0134] EAA and PEBA were mixed in a 3:1 mass ratio, and nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 50 nm, constituting 3% of the insulation mixture, were added. EAA and PEBA were dried separately at 80°C for 2 hours, then mixed thoroughly and heated to 185°C to melt. Extrusion was performed at 185°C, 10 MPa pressure, and a screw speed of 30 rpm. A 2 kV / m electric field was applied for electrostatic dispersion, tightly wrapping the conductor to form an insulating layer.

[0135] Optical fiber unit coating:

[0136] The inner wall of a PBT loose tube was treated to form micro-nano protrusions and coated with a 60nm thick silica anti-reflection film. Four single-mode optical fibers were placed inside the tube. The single-mode fibers were plasma pretreated with argon at 80W for 8 minutes, maintaining a vacuum level of 1×10⁻³Pa. They were then filled with a specialized low-temperature optical fiber grease using a vacuum filling method for 10 minutes. The optical fiber units were then wrapped around the outer insulation layer.

[0137] Filling layer covering:

[0138] Polyurethane elastomer and glass microspheres were mixed in a 7:2 mass ratio. Shape memory fibers with a diameter of 5 μm, representing 2% of the total filler mass, and metal nanomagnetic particles with a particle size of 20 nm, representing 2% of the filler mass, were added. The mixture was heated to 75°C and compacted using a 20 Hz vibration device and a centrifuge with a centrifugal force of 500 g. The mixture was then placed around the outside of the fiber unit, with a fill rate of 85%.

[0139] Carbon nanotube thermal conductive shielding layer coating:

[0140] The chemical vapor deposition method was used, with methane and hydrogen as the reaction gases in a flow ratio of 1:5.5, to prepare a nano-carbon tube thermal conductive shielding layer at 750°C and 150Pa. The nitrogen doping amount was controlled to be 1.5% by atomic percentage, and a paraffin-based nano-phase change material with a melting point of 35°C was filled in the hollow part of the nano-carbon tube, which was coated between the filling layer and the conductor part.

[0141] Outer sheath covering:

[0142] Natural rubber and nitrile rubber were blended in a 6:3 mass ratio and supplemented with additives, including dioctyl phthalate (a cold-resistant plasticizer) at 6% of the total rubber mass and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (an antioxidant) at 2% of the total rubber mass. The blended material was heated to 150°C and extruded at a mold temperature of 160°C and an extrusion speed of 0.3 m / min. During extrusion, it was cross-linked by electron beam irradiation at a dose of 80 kGy. After extrusion, a 50 nm thick nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating with a silver ion doping concentration of 0.03 mol / L was sprayed onto the outer surface of the outer sheath, covering the outer surface of the filler layer.

[0143] Overall processing:

[0144] Completed cables undergo comprehensive performance testing, covering electrical, mechanical, and cold-resistance properties. Once qualified, they are packaged using moisture-resistant, sun-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials. A quality traceability system is also established, meticulously recording data on raw material procurement, production process parameters, and quality test results, all linked to product codes.

[0145] Example 4: The production method of the cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable in this example is as follows:

[0146] Conductor part preparation:

[0147] A copper wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm was selected, degreased by soaking it in a 5% degreaser solution at 50°C for 15 minutes, photoetched for 30 seconds and developed for 20 seconds, and chemically etched in a 5% ferric chloride solution at 40°C for 10 minutes to form a micro-nano structure.

[0148] The strands were twisted using a planetary stranding machine with a pitch of 15 conductor diameters and a 6mT, 25Hz periodic pulsed magnetic field. The carbon fiber-reinforced core was prepared by impregnating epoxy resin with carbon nano-onions (1.2% by weight of the impregnation solution) using ultrasonic assisted impregnation at a frequency of 30kHz and a power of 200W. The core was then cured at 130°C and 0.8MPa for two hours before being placed inside the stranded copper wire.

[0149] Insulation coating:

[0150] The mass ratio of EAA to PEBA is 3.5:1, and nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 75 nm, accounting for 4% of the insulation mixture, are added. The EAA and PEBA are dried at 90°C for 2.5 hours, then mixed and melted at 200°C. Extrusion is performed at 200°C, 12 MPa pressure, and a screw speed of 40 rpm. A 3 kV / m electric field is applied to aid electrostatic dispersion, and the resulting coating is applied to the outside of the conductor.

[0151] Optical fiber unit coating:

[0152] The inner wall of the PBT loose tube was treated and coated with an 80nm thick silica anti-reflection coating. Eight single-mode optical fibers were placed inside the tube. The single-mode optical fibers were pre-treated with argon plasma at 130W power for 13 minutes and a vacuum of 1.8×10⁻³Pa. The fibers were then vacuum-filled with grease for 15 minutes and then coated on the outside of the insulation layer.

[0153] Filling layer covering:

[0154] Polyurethane elastomer and glass microspheres were mixed in a mass ratio of 7.5:2.5. Shape memory fibers with a diameter of 7 μm, representing 3% of the total filler mass, and metal nanomagnetic particles with a particle size of 30 nm, representing 3% of the total filler mass, were added. The mixture was heated to 90°C and centrifuged with a 35 Hz vibration device and 750 g centrifugal force to achieve a fill rate of 90%.

[0155] Carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer coating:

[0156] Using methane and hydrogen at a flow ratio of 1:6.7 as the reaction gas, a nano-carbon tube thermal conductive shielding layer was prepared at 800℃ and 200Pa. The nitrogen doping amount was 3.5% by atomic percentage, and a paraffin-based nano-phase change material with a melting point of 50℃ was filled and coated between the filling layer and the conductor part.

[0157] Outer sheath covering:

[0158] Natural rubber and nitrile rubber were blended in a mass ratio of 6.5:3.5, with 8% cold-resistant plasticizer and 3% antioxidant added. The blend was heated to 160°C for extrusion, with a die temperature of 170°C and an extrusion speed of 0.5 m / min. Electron beam irradiation was applied to a crosslinking dose of 100 kGy. A 75 nm thick nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating with a silver ion doping concentration of 0.05 mol / L was then applied.

[0159] Overall processing:

[0160] The same comprehensive performance testing, packaging and quality traceability system were carried out as in Example 3.

[0161] Example 5: The production method of the cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable in this example is as follows:

[0162] Conductor part preparation:

[0163] Copper wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm was selected and degreased, photoetched, and chemically etched as before. The stranding pitch was 20 times the conductor diameter, and a periodic pulsed magnetic field of 8 mT and 35 Hz was applied. To prepare the carbon fiber-reinforced core, an epoxy resin was impregnated with carbon nano-onions, which accounted for 2% of the impregnation solution by weight. Ultrasonic assisted impregnation was performed at a frequency of 40 kHz and a power of 300 W. The core was then cured at 140°C and 1 MPa for 3 hours before being placed inside the stranded copper wire.

[0164] Insulation coating:

[0165] The EAA and PEBA mass ratio is 4:1, and nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 100 nm, accounting for 5% of the insulation mixture's mass, are added. The EAA and PEBA are dried at 100°C for 3 hours, then melted at 220°C after mixing. Extrusion is performed at 220°C, 14 MPa pressure, and a screw speed of 50 rpm. A 4 kV / m electric field is applied to aid electrostatic dispersion, and the mixture is coated on the outside of the conductor.

[0166] Optical fiber unit coating:

[0167] The inner wall of the PBT loose tube is coated with a 100nm thick silica anti-reflection coating, and 12 single-mode optical fibers are placed inside the tube. The single-mode optical fibers are pre-treated with argon plasma at 180W power for 18 minutes and a vacuum of 2.5×10⁻³Pa. They are then vacuum-filled with grease for 20 minutes and then coated on the outside of the insulation layer.

[0168] Filling layer covering:

[0169] Polyurethane elastomer and glass microspheres were mixed in a mass ratio of 8:3. Shape memory fibers with a diameter of 10 μm, representing 4% of the total filler mass, and metal nanomagnetic particles with a particle size of 40 nm, representing 4% of the filler mass, were added. The mixture was heated to 105°C and centrifuged at 50 Hz vibration and 1000 g centrifugal force to achieve a fill rate of 95%.

[0170] Carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer coating:

[0171] Using methane and hydrogen at a flow ratio of 1:8 as the reaction gas, a nano-carbon tube thermal conductive shielding layer was prepared at 850℃ and 250Pa. The nitrogen doping amount was 5.5% atomic percentage, and a paraffin-based nano-phase change material with a melting point of 65℃ was filled and coated between the filling layer and the conductor part.

[0172] Outer sheath covering:

[0173] Natural rubber and nitrile rubber were blended in a 7:4 mass ratio, with 10% cold-resistant plasticizer and 4% antioxidant added. The blend was heated to 170°C for extrusion, with a die temperature of 180°C and an extrusion speed of 0.7 m / min. Electron beam irradiation was applied with a crosslinking dose of 120 kGy. A 100 nm thick nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating with a silver ion doping concentration of 0.07 mol / L was then applied.

[0174] Overall processing:

[0175] We also conduct comprehensive performance testing, packaging and establish a quality traceability system to ensure that product quality is traceable and controllable.

[0176] Mechanical performance advantages: The tensile strength of the cables prepared in Examples 3-5 is significantly higher than that of ordinary cables. The tensile strength of the cables prepared in Example 3 is 25MPa, that of Example 4 is 28MPa, and that of Example 5 reaches 30MPa, while that of ordinary cables is only 15MPa. In terms of elongation at break, the cables prepared in Examples 3-5 are 200%, 220%, and 250%, respectively, while that of ordinary cables is only 150%. In the bending test, the number of repeated bendings of the cables prepared in the examples increased significantly, 1500 times in Example 3, 1800 times in Example 4, 2000 times in Example 5, and only 500 times in ordinary cables. This shows that the cables prepared in the examples can withstand greater tensile forces and more bendings, have better mechanical properties, and are more adaptable to complex mechanical stress environments in actual use, such as long-distance overhead laying and frequent bending scenarios.

[0177] Excellent cold resistance: In low-temperature tests, ordinary cables exhibited minor cracks in the -40°C bending test and sheath rupture in the -50°C impact test. However, cables 3-5 prepared in Examples showed no cracks or sheath damage in either test. This demonstrates the excellent cold resistance of the cables prepared in Examples, enabling stable operation in cold regions and meeting the stringent cold resistance requirements for cables used in polar scientific research and infrastructure construction in cold regions.

[0178] Outstanding self-cleaning performance: While the degradation rate of surface contaminants in conventional cables is almost zero, the cables prepared in Examples 3-5 achieved degradation rates of 70%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. This is attributed to the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating on the outer sheath, which imparts excellent self-cleaning properties to the cables prepared in these examples. This keeps the cable surface clean, reduces the impact of dirt on cable performance, and extends the cable's service life.

[0179] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any replacement improvements or changes made to the implementation methods of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0180] Any matters not described in detail in the present invention are well-known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. Cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable, characterized by: It includes a conductor part, an insulating layer, an optical fiber unit, a filling layer and an outer sheath that are coaxial and sequentially wrapped from the inside to the outside; the conductor part is twisted by multiple copper wires and a carbon fiber reinforced core is arranged inside, and the surface of each copper wire is provided with a micro-nano structure; the insulating layer is made of a blended modified material of EAA and PEBA and contains nano-boron nitride particles; the optical fiber unit is a PBT loose tube structure and is provided with several single-mode optical fibers and special grease, the inner wall of the loose tube is provided with micro-nano protrusions and the surface of each micro-nano protrusion is covered with a silica anti-reflection film; the filling layer is composited by polyurethane elastomer and glass microbeads and is filled with a blend of shape memory fiber and metal nano-magnetic particles; the outer sheath is made of a blend of natural rubber and nitrile rubber and is covered with a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating, and a nano-carbon tube thermal shielding layer is provided between the conductor part and the reinforced core.

2. The cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of each copper wire is between 0.1-0.3 mm, and they are twisted by a planetary twister, and the twisting pitch is controlled to be 10-20 times the conductor diameter; the copper wire is degreased, photoetched, and chemically corroded to form a surface micro-nano structure on its surface, and the protrusions and grooves of the micro-nano structures of adjacent copper wires are interlocked during twisting, and a periodic pulsed magnetic field is applied during the twisting process, with a magnetic field strength of 4-8 mT and a pulse frequency of 15-35 Hz; the carbon fiber reinforced core is made of high-strength carbon fiber tow impregnated with high-performance resin, and an ultrasonic-assisted impregnation process is adopted during impregnation, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20-40 kHz and a power of 100-300 W, and carbon nano-onions accounting for 0.5%-2% of the mass of the impregnation liquid are added to the impregnation liquid.

3. The cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable according to claim 2, characterized in that: The insulating layer includes an insulating mixture of EAA and PEBA in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1, and nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 50-100 nm are uniformly dispersed inside the insulating mixture, and the mass percentage of the nano-boron nitride particles added is controlled to be 3%-5% of the insulating mixture; the insulating layer is wrapped around the conductor through an insulating layer extrusion process; In the insulation layer extrusion process, the above insulation mixture is heated to 180-220°C and melted before extrusion. The extrusion temperature is controlled at 185-220°C, the extrusion pressure is 10-14 MPa, and the screw speed is 30-50 r / min. Electrostatic assisted dispersion is used during the extrusion process, and the applied electric field strength is 2-4kV / m.

4. The cold-resistant and tensile-resistant photovoltaic composite cable according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of single-mode optical fibers in the optical fiber unit is 4-12; the thickness of the silica anti-reflection film coated on the raised surface is 60-100 nm; the gaps between the single-mode optical fibers are filled with special low-temperature optical fiber grease using a vacuum filling method, and the single-mode optical fibers are plasma pretreated with argon before filling. The processing power is 80-180 W, the processing time is 8-18 minutes, the vacuum degree is maintained at 1×10⁻³-2.5×10⁻³Pa, and the filling time is controlled within 10-20 minutes.

5. The cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable according to claim 4, characterized in that: The polyurethane elastomer and glass microbeads in the filling layer are mixed in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3. The diameter of the added shape memory fiber is 5-10 μm, and the added amount is 2%-4% of the total mass of the filling material; the particle size of the metal nanomagnetic particles is 20-40 nm, and the added amount is 2%-4% of the mass of the filling material. During filling, the above filling material is heated to 80-100° C., and the filling is assisted by a vibration device and a centrifuge. After filling, compaction treatment is performed, and the filling rate is controlled at 85%-95%.

6. The cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer sheath is made of natural rubber and nitrile rubber in a mass ratio of 6-7:3-4 and additives are added, wherein the additives include a cold-resistant plasticizer dioctyl phthalate, the addition amount of which is 7%-9.5% of the total mass of the rubber, and an antioxidant 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, the addition amount of which is 2.5%-3.8% of the total mass of the rubber; the outer sheath has a thickness of 3-5mm, a tensile strength of more than 15MPa, an elongation at break greater than 400%, and maintains good flexibility and mechanical properties at a low temperature of -40°C ... and an elongation at break greater than 400%. The outer sheath has a thickness of 3-5mm, a tensile strength of more than 15MPa, and an elongation at break greater than 400%. The outer sheath has a thickness of 3-5mm, a tensile strength of more than 3 The surface-coated nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating has a thickness of 50-100 nm, and the nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating is doped with silver ions with a silver ion doping concentration of 0.03-0.07 mol / L. The outer sheath is formed by an extrusion process, and the material is heated to 150-170° C. before extrusion. The mold temperature is controlled at 160-180° C. during extrusion, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-0.7 m / min. During the extrusion process, the rubber material is subjected to electron beam irradiation cross-linking treatment with an irradiation dose of 80-120 kGy.

7. The cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the carbon nanotube heat-conducting shielding layer is between 150-250nm, and the doping amount of nitrogen element is 2%-5% by atomic percentage; the carbon nanotube has a hollow structure and the hollow part is filled with paraffin-based nano phase change material with a melting point of 40-60°C.

8. The cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable according to claim 7, characterized in that: When preparing the carbon fiber reinforced core, the high-performance resin used is epoxy resin, and the curing conditions of the epoxy resin are temperature 120-140° C., pressure 0.7-1 MPa, and curing time 1.5-3 hours.

9. The method for producing the cold-resistant and tensile-resistant optoelectronic composite cable according to claim 8, comprising the following steps: A1. Conductor Preparation: Copper wires with a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm were selected and subjected to degreasing, photolithography, and chemical etching to form micro-nanostructures. The wires were then twisted using a planetary twister with a twist pitch of 10-20 times the conductor diameter. A periodic pulsed magnetic field of 4-8 mT and 15-35 Hz was applied during twisting. A carbon fiber-reinforced core was also prepared and placed within the twisted copper wires. A2. Insulation Coating: Mix EAA and PEBA in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1, add nano-boron nitride particles with a particle size of 50-100nm, accounting for 3%-5% of the insulation mixture by weight. After drying, mixing, and melting, extrude at 185-220°C, 10-14MPa pressure, and 30-50r / min screw speed, and electrostatically assist dispersion. Tightly coat the outside of the conductor to form an insulation layer. A3. Fiber Unit Coating: The inner wall of the PBT loose tube is treated to form micro-nano protrusions and coated with a 60-100nm thick silica anti-reflection film. Four to twelve single-mode optical fibers are placed inside the tube. After argon plasma pretreatment, the tube is filled with a special low-temperature optical fiber grease using a vacuum filling method. The fiber unit is then coated on the outside of the insulation layer. A4. Filling layer coating: Mix polyurethane elastomer and glass microbeads in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3, add specific shape memory fibers and metal nano-magnetic particles, heat, and use vibration and centrifugation to assist in filling and compacting. Fill the outer surface of the optical fiber unit, and control the filling rate to 85%-95%. A5. Carbon nanotube thermal shield coating: A carbon nanotube thermal shield is deposited using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with a specific ratio of methane and hydrogen as the reaction gases at 750-850°C and 150-250 Pa. The carbon nanotube thermal shield is then filled with a controlled nitrogen doping agent and a phase change material, which is then coated between the filler layer and the conductor. A6. Outer Sheath Coating: Natural rubber and nitrile rubber are blended in a mass ratio of 6-7:3-4, with additives added. After extrusion, a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating is applied to the outside of the filling layer (or the outside of the carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer, or directly to the outside of the filling layer if the carbon nanotube thermal shielding layer is within the filling layer). A7. Overall processing: The finished cables are fully tested for performance, packaged after passing the test, and a quality traceability system is established.

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