Plant-source fulvic acid fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to a botanical fulvic acid fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the technical scheme is that the botanical fulvic acid fertilizer comprises the following components: 35-40% of botanical fulvic acid, 6-8% of a humic acid-amino acid chelated microelement fertilizer, 4-5% of a compound microbial agent, 3-4% of a slow-release coating agent, and 22-25% of a modified charcoal carrier; the plant source fulvic acid purified by molasses fermentation can significantly enhance the nutrient chelating ability; the mobility of iron, zinc and other trace elements chelated by molasses amino acid and fulvic acid in soil is enhanced, and the crop absorption rate is increased; the straw carbon-vermiculite composite carrier adsorbs nutrients and slowly releases the nutrients, so that the potassium leaching loss is reduced by 40%, and the salinization risk is reduced; the straw carbon porous structure loads the microbial inoculum, the vermiculite supplements potassium and magnesium elements, and the survival rate of the microbial inoculum is increased after the microbial inoculum is stored for 6 months at normal temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular relates to a plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Phytogenic fulvic acid fertilizer is an organic fertilizer primarily composed of plant-derived fulvic acid. Fulvic acid is derived from plant materials, specifically short carbon-chain molecules extracted from plant waste such as straw through a specific process. This substance has a high loading capacity and physiological activity, making it a key component of botanical organic fertilizers. Its formation involves the microbial decomposition and transformation of plant and animal remains (specifically, those directly extracted from plants through modern processes, such as biomass resources like straw), followed by possible subsequent processing, resulting in the accumulation of a rich supply of organic matter. Fulvic acid, due to its unique properties, exhibits broad potential for application in agricultural production.

[0003] However, in current agricultural production practices, despite the many advantages of plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizers, the nitrogen utilization rate and phosphorus and potassium activation rate of traditional fertilizers are still generally low. The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers is restricted by multiple factors such as volatilization, leaching and soil fixation, resulting in a large amount of nitrogen loss and reducing the efficiency of fertilizer use. Similarly, phosphorus fertilizers are easily fixed in the soil and difficult to be effectively absorbed and utilized by plant roots; potassium fertilizers have poor mobility in the soil and are easily adsorbed by soil colloids, resulting in a low potassium activation rate. These problems not only weaken the yield-increasing effect of fertilizers and increase the economic burden of agricultural production, but may also cause unnecessary pollution to the natural environment, such as eutrophication of water bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a plant-based fulvic acid fertilizer, comprising the following ingredients: 35-40% plant-based fulvic acid, 6-8% humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, 4-5% composite microbial agent, 3-4% slow-release coating agent, and 22-25% modified biochar carrier.

[0006] Furthermore, the following ingredients are included: 40% plant-derived fulvic acid, 8% humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, 5% compound microbial agent, 4% slow-release coating agent, and 25% modified biochar carrier.

[0007] Furthermore, the humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer includes amino acids and fulvic acid, and the ratio of amino acids to fulvic acid is 1:3.

[0008] Furthermore, amino acids are extracted by hydrolyzing the molasses waste liquid with sulfuric acid, with the pH of the hydrolysis being 2 and the temperature of the hydrolysis being 80°C.

[0009] Furthermore, the composite microbial agent includes Bacillus thaliana and Trichoderma, and the ratio of Bacillus thaliana to Trichoderma is 3:1.

[0010] Furthermore, the sustained-release coating agent includes 15% humic acid solution and 5% PVA solution.

[0011] Furthermore, the modified biochar carrier includes straw charcoal and vermiculite, and the ratio of straw charcoal to vermiculite is 1:2.

[0012] Furthermore, plant-derived fulvic acid is obtained by co-fermenting molasses wastewater with straw and then purifying it through an ultrafiltration membrane.

[0013] This solution also discloses a method for preparing a plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer, which mainly comprises the following steps: Step 1: Fulvic acid fermentation and purification: molasses waste liquid and crushed straw are mixed in a ratio of 2:1, inoculated with Aspergillus niger for solid-state fermentation to obtain a fermentation product, and the fermentation product is extracted with water and separated by ultrafiltration membrane to obtain a fulvic acid raw material; Step 2: Preparation of chelated trace element fertilizer: Acid hydrolysis of molasses wastewater yields an amino acid mixture, which is then mixed with fulvic acid in a ratio of 1:3. The mixture is stirred and chelated at 60°C for 2 hours, and then spray-dried into a powder to obtain the chelated trace element fertilizer raw material. Step 3: Slow-release coating granulation: The fulvic acid raw material, chelated micronutrient fertilizer raw material, composite microbial agent, and modified biochar carrier are mixed and granulated in proportion to obtain granular fertilizer. The inner layer of the granular fertilizer is sprayed with a 15% humic acid binder, and the outer layer of the granular fertilizer is sprayed with a 5% PVA solution to form a controlled-release coating to obtain the finished fertilizer. Step 4: Pack the finished fertilizer in a vacuum package and add a desiccant to maintain microbial activity.

[0014] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: (1) Plant-derived fulvic acid purified from molasses fermentation significantly enhances nutrient chelation capacity.

[0015] (2) The mobility of trace elements such as iron and zinc chelated by molasses amino acids and fulvic acid in the soil is enhanced, and the absorption rate of crops is improved.

[0016] (3) The straw charcoal-vermiculite composite carrier absorbs nutrients and releases them slowly, reducing potassium leaching by 40% and lowering the risk of salinization.

[0017] (4) The porous structure of straw charcoal was loaded with microbial agents, and vermiculite was used to supplement potassium and magnesium elements. The survival rate of the microbial agents after 6 months of storage at room temperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Any changes or equivalent substitutions that do not deviate from the concept of the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 A plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in a proportion: 40% plant-derived fulvic acid, 8% humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, 5% composite microbial agent, 4% slow-release coating agent, and 25% modified biochar carrier.

[0020] Preparation process: Step 1: Crush the straw into 2-3mm particles, mix with molasses waste liquid, add cellulolytic bacteria and yeast for joint fermentation, the ratio of cellulolytic bacteria to yeast is 3:1, the fermentation temperature is 35-40℃, pH=6.5-7.0, and the fermentation is continued for 7 days. After the fermentation liquid is filtered through plate and frame, it is purified by ultrafiltration membrane and concentrated to a fulvic acid content of ≥40%; Step 2: The molasses waste liquid is hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid at pH 2 and a temperature of 80°C for 4 hours. The amino acid solution is then centrifuged to obtain an amino acid solution. The amino acid solution is then mixed with fulvic acid in a ratio of 1:3, the pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to form a humic acid-amino acid chelated micronutrient fertilizer. Step 3: Culture Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma separately at an inoculation ratio of 3:1 and culture in a shaking incubator at 30°C for 48 hours; Step 4: Mix the Bacillus subtilis solution and the Trichoderma solution to form a bacterial agent and adsorb it on a bentonite carrier. The ratio of the bacterial agent to the bentonite carrier is 1:5. Dry at low temperature until the moisture content is ≤8%.

[0021] Step 5: After straw charcoal and vermiculite are mixed at a ratio of 1:2, they are soaked in 5% citric acid solution for 24 hours, washed and dried to form a modified biochar carrier; Step 6: Mix 15% humic acid solution and 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution in a ratio of 1:1 and stir at 60°C until a homogeneous colloid is formed to form a sustained-release coating agent; Step 7: Mix plant-derived fulvic acid, humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, slow-release coating agent, and modified biochar carrier, and spray water to a humidity of 15%-20%.

[0022] Step 8: Use a disc granulator (speed 30r / min) to make 2-4mm granules, and dry them with hot air at 60℃ until the moisture content of the fertilizer granules is ≤5%; Step 9: Spray the slow-release coating agent on the surface of the fertilizer particles and cure at 50°C for 2 hours to form a uniform coating layer to obtain the finished fertilizer.

[0023] Example 2 A plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer comprises the following raw material ratios: 35% plant-derived fulvic acid, 6% humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, 4% compound microbial agent, 3% slow-release coating agent, and 22% modified biochar carrier.

[0024] Preparation process: Step 1: Crush the straw into 2-3mm particles, mix with molasses waste liquid, add cellulolytic bacteria and yeast for joint fermentation, the ratio of cellulolytic bacteria to yeast is 3:1, the fermentation temperature is 35-40℃, pH=6.5-7.0, and the fermentation is continued for 7 days. After the fermentation liquid is filtered through plate and frame, it is purified by ultrafiltration membrane and concentrated to a fulvic acid content of ≥40%; Step 2: The molasses waste liquid is hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid at pH 2 and a temperature of 80°C for 4 hours. The amino acid solution is then centrifuged to obtain an amino acid solution. The amino acid solution is then mixed with fulvic acid in a ratio of 1:3, the pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to form a humic acid-amino acid chelated micronutrient fertilizer. Step 3: Culture Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma separately at an inoculation ratio of 3:1 and culture in a shaking incubator at 30°C for 48 hours; Step 4: Mix the Bacillus subtilis solution and the Trichoderma solution to form a bacterial agent and adsorb it on a bentonite carrier. The ratio of the bacterial agent to the bentonite carrier is 1:5. Dry at low temperature until the moisture content is ≤8%.

[0025] Step 5: After straw charcoal and vermiculite are mixed at a ratio of 1:2, they are soaked in 5% citric acid solution for 24 hours, washed and dried to form a modified biochar carrier; Step 6: Mix 15% humic acid solution and 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution in a ratio of 1:1 and stir at 60°C until a homogeneous colloid is formed to form a sustained-release coating agent; Step 7: Mix plant-derived fulvic acid, humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, slow-release coating agent, and modified biochar carrier, and spray water to a humidity of 15%-20%.

[0026] Step 8: Use a disc granulator (speed 30r / min) to make 2-4mm granules, and dry them with hot air at 60℃ until the moisture content of the fertilizer granules is ≤5%; Step 9: Spray the slow-release coating agent on the surface of the fertilizer particles and cure at 50°C for 2 hours to form a uniform coating layer to obtain the finished fertilizer.

[0027] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer, characterized by: It includes the following ingredients: 35-40% of plant-derived fulvic acid, 6-8% of humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, 4-5% of compound microbial agent, 3-4% of slow-release coating agent, and 22-25% of modified biochar carrier.

2. A plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following ingredients: 40% plant-derived fulvic acid, 8% humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, 5% compound microbial agent, 4% slow-release coating agent, and 25% modified biochar carrier.

3. The plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Humic acid-amino acid chelated micronutrient fertilizer includes amino acids and fulvic acid, and the ratio of amino acids to fulvic acid is 1:

3.

4. The plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: Amino acids are extracted by hydrolyzing molasses wastewater with sulfuric acid, the pH of the hydrolysis is 2, and the hydrolysis temperature is 80°C.

5. The plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial agent includes Bacillus thaliana and Trichoderma, and the ratio of Bacillus thaliana to Trichoderma is 3:

1.

6. The plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sustained-release coating agent includes 15% humic acid solution and 5% PVA solution.

7. The plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified biochar carrier includes straw charcoal and vermiculite, and the ratio of straw charcoal to vermiculite is 1:

2.

8. The plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Plant-derived fulvic acid is obtained by fermenting molasses wastewater with straw and then purifying it through an ultrafiltration membrane.

9. A method for preparing a plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer, comprising preparing the plant-derived fulvic acid fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main steps are as follows: Step 1: Crush the straw into 2-3mm particles, mix with molasses waste liquid, add cellulolytic bacteria and yeast for joint fermentation, the ratio of cellulolytic bacteria to yeast is 3:1, the fermentation temperature is 35-40℃, pH=6.5-7.0, and the fermentation is continued for 7 days. After the fermentation liquid is filtered through plate and frame, it is purified by ultrafiltration membrane and concentrated to a fulvic acid content of ≥40%; Step 2: The molasses waste liquid is hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid at pH 2 and a temperature of 80°C for 4 hours. The amino acid solution is then centrifuged to obtain an amino acid solution. The amino acid solution is then mixed with fulvic acid in a ratio of 1:3, the pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to form a humic acid-amino acid chelated micronutrient fertilizer. Step 3: Culture Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma separately at an inoculation ratio of 3:1 and culture in a shaking incubator at 30°C for 48 hours; Step 4: Mix the Bacillus subtilis solution and the Trichoderma solution to form a bacterial agent and adsorb it on a bentonite carrier at a ratio of 1:5, and dry it at low temperature until the moisture content is ≤8%; Step 5: After straw charcoal and vermiculite are mixed at a ratio of 1:2, they are soaked in 5% citric acid solution for 24 hours, washed and dried to form a modified biochar carrier; Step 6: Mix 15% humic acid solution and 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution in a ratio of 1:1 and stir at 60°C until a homogeneous colloid is formed to form a sustained-release coating agent; Step 7: Mix plant-derived fulvic acid, humic acid-amino acid chelated micro-fertilizer, slow-release coating agent, and modified biochar carrier, and spray water to a humidity of 15%-20%; Step 8: Use a disc granulator (speed 30r / min) to make 2-4mm granules, and dry them with hot air at 60℃ until the moisture content of the fertilizer granules is ≤5%; Step 9: Spray the slow-release coating agent on the surface of the fertilizer particles and cure at 50°C for 2 hours to form a uniform coating layer to obtain the finished fertilizer.