Morchella springtail attractant as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a morchella esculenta and springtail attractant, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 25 to 35 percent of morchella esculenta stipe powder, 5 to 10 percent of tea saponin extract, 20 to 30 percent of datura plant powder, 15 to 25 percent of sweet potato seed powder, 10 to 20 percent of corn flour, 5 to 15 percent of soybean flour and 5 to 10 percent of kaolin. The raw materials of the morchella esculenta and springtail attractive toxicant further comprise 1%-3% of a starch adhesive which is used for bonding and forming the raw materials, and the mass ratio of the morchella esculenta stipe powder to the sweet potato seed powder to the corn flour to the soybean flour to the tea saponin extract to the datura plant powder to the starch adhesive to the kaolin is preferably 28: 18: 12: 8: 7: 21: 2: 4. The design is reasonable, through physical structure design of the attractant and combination of natural plant source components, precise trapping and killing are achieved, environmental pollution is reduced, and the organic agriculture requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Morchella springtail prevention and control, and in particular to a Morchella springtail attractant and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Springtails are small, wingless arthropods widely distributed in humid environments. They are a major pest in morel cultivation, as their larvae and adults feed on the mycelium and fruiting bodies, resulting in reduced or even complete crop failure.

[0003] Traditional control methods have the following limitations: 1. Traditional spraying with chemical pesticides (such as pyrethroids and organophosphates) can easily inhibit mycelial growth due to high concentrations and carry a high risk of residues, making them incompatible with organic farming practices. For example, while cypermethrin (diluted 1000-2000 times) can kill springtails, it reduces mycelial growth by 15%-20% after spraying (literature data). 2. Traditional physical control methods (such as water traps and sticky traps) require frequent water changes (every three days), which is labor-intensive, and sticky traps only target flying pests (such as mushroom midges), making them ineffective against springtails. 3. Traditional methods also remove sugary waste (such as corn stalks) from the field to reduce springtail food sources. However, Morchella cultivation requires the addition of nutrient bags (containing wheat grains, sawdust, etc.), which cannot completely block the springtails' feeding pathways. Therefore, we proposed a Morchella springtail attractant, preparation method, and application to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to propose a morel springtail attractant and its preparation method and application. The attractant achieves precise trapping and killing through the physical structure design and combines natural plant-derived ingredients, thereby reducing environmental pollution and meeting the needs of organic agriculture.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention discloses a morel springtail attractant and killer, which comprises the following raw materials: 25-35% of morel stipe powder, 5-10% of tea saponin extract, 20-30% of datura plant powder, 15-25% of sweet potato seed powder, 10-20% of corn flour, 5-15% of soybean flour and 5-10% of kaolin.

[0007] Preferably, the raw materials of the morel springtail attractant also include 1%-3% starch adhesive, which is used for bonding and molding the raw materials. The mass ratio of the morel springtail attractant is preferably morel stipe powder: sweet potato seed powder: corn flour: soybean flour: tea saponin extract: datura plant powder: starch adhesive: kaolin = 28:18:12:8:7:21:2:4.

[0008] A method for preparing a Morchella collembolans attractant comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Raw material pretreatment:

[0010] Preparation of Morchella stipe powder: Collect the discarded stipes during the processing of Morchella, clean them, remove impurities and dirt on the surface, and then place them in a dry and ventilated place to dry, or dry them at a constant temperature of 55-65°C for 4-6 hours, then grind them into fine powder using a grinder, pass them through an 80-100 mesh sieve, and seal them for later use;

[0011] Preparation of Datura plant powder: Collect fresh Datura plants, remove impurities, and air-dry them in a cool place. Gather the dried leaves and stems of the Datura plants, crush them into powder, sieve them through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and store them away from light for later use.

[0012] Sweet potato seed powder, corn flour, and soybean flour processing: Select mature and plump sweet potato seeds, wash and dry them, grind them into powder, and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve for later use;

[0013] Choose high-quality corn flour and soybean flour from the market to ensure they are free of mold and mildew, and sieve them through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.

[0014] Tea saponin extract processing: Select raw materials such as camellia seeds, crush and dry them, extract them with 60%-80% ethanol aqueous solution at 50-70℃ for 2-3 times, filter and concentrate to obtain a concentrate, adjust the pH of the concentrate to remove impurities, extract with ethyl acetate, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a crude tea saponin extract powder;

[0015] Kaolin selection: Select kaolin with impurities less than 1%, average particle size less than 2μm, and water absorption of 10%-15% within 2 hours, and pass it through an 80-100 mesh sieve for later use;

[0016] S2. Mixing preparation:

[0017] Initial mixing of plant-derived bait ingredients: Pour corn flour, soybean flour, and sweet potato seed powder into a mixer in proportion, and stir at low speed for 10-15 minutes to ensure that the plant-derived bait ingredients are fully and evenly mixed;

[0018] Add functional ingredients: Add morel stem powder, datura plant powder and kaolin in sequence, continue stirring for 5 minutes, then add tea saponin extract, add water to adjust the humidity to 20-25%, and finally stir at high speed for 20 minutes to ensure that the agent is evenly dispersed;

[0019] Bonding and molding: Add starch adhesive and test the material moisture again. If it exceeds the range of 20-25%, fine-tune by adding dry corn flour to ensure that the final moisture is controlled within the target range. Stir until the material is moist and plastic.

[0020] S3. Mold forming: Use a customized honeycomb cylindrical mold with an inner diameter of 50 mm and a height of 20 mm. Evenly distribute honeycomb channels with a pore diameter of 3 mm inside and a channel density of 15-20 cells / cm2. Fill the mold with the mixed material and apply a pressure of 0.5-1 MPa to compact it. After demolding, a honeycomb cylindrical body is formed.

[0021] S4. Drying: Place the green body in a ventilated drying oven and dry it at 40-50° C. for 8-12 hours until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the Morchella springtail attractant. Seal the green body in a moisture-proof bag and store it away from light. The shelf life is 6 months.

[0022] The invention discloses an application of a Morchella springtail attractant, which is used in Morchella artificial cultivation fields, especially in continuously cropped plots or areas with a high incidence of springtails over the years.

[0023] Preferably, the soil is deeply plowed 80-90 days before sowing the morels, weeds and crop residues are removed, and the soil is exposed to the sun for 7-10 days to reduce the initial springtail base in the soil.

[0024] Preferably, the Morchella springtail killer is applied 60 days before Morchella sowing (i.e. 20-30 days after deep plowing), avoiding the rainy season. The application environment requires the field air humidity to be 60%-70%, the temperature to be 15-25°C, and it should be deployed before the peak hatching period of springtails.

[0025] Preferably, 1,000 honeycomb cylindrical morel springtail attractants are evenly distributed per acre and arranged in a 2m×2m grid to ensure that the main activity area of ​​the springtails is covered. 1 / 3 of the honeycomb cylindrical blank is buried in the soil, exposing the honeycomb structure to attract the springtails. After the arrangement is completed, the entire field is covered with a shade net with a shading rate of 60%-70%, and the surrounding areas are compacted with soil blocks.

[0026] Preferably, the sunshade net should be lifted every 7-10 days to observe the loss of the attractant. If mold or insect damage is found, it should be replenished and replaced in time. The integrity of the honeycomb should be checked. If the breakage rate is greater than 30%, additional investment should be made. The soil moisture content should be maintained at 75-85% through ventilation holes or spray systems.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. This morel springtail trap precisely attracts springtails through fungal and plant-based baits, allowing tea saponin extract and other agents to act on target pests. Compared with traditional field spraying, it reduces the use of chemical agents, reduces the risk of environmental pollution, and meets the needs of organic agriculture.

[0029] 2. This morel springtail trap increases the contact area between the agent and the springtails through the honeycomb pore design. Actual measurements show that the trapping efficiency of a single springtail is 30%-50% higher than that of ordinary granules. It has a significant prevention and control effect on adult and larvae of springtails on the soil surface.

[0030] 3. This morel springtail killer can ensure that there is no direct contact with chemical agents during the growth period of morel mycelium through early prevention and control 2 months before sowing. Combined with the physical isolation of shade net covering, the risk of pesticide residues in the fruiting body can be reduced to a minimum, meeting the requirements of green edible fungus production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the formula of a Morchella collembolans attractant proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for preparing a Morchella collembolan attractant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0034] A morel springtail trap and killer comprises the following ingredients: 25-35% morel stem powder, 5-10% tea saponin extract, 20-30% datura stramonium powder, 15-25% sweet potato seed powder, 10-20% corn flour, 5-15% soybean flour, and 5-10% kaolin. The trap and killer also includes 1-3% starch binder, which is used to bond the ingredients together and ensure structural stability. The preferred mass ratio of the trap and killer is morel stem powder: sweet potato seed powder: corn flour: soybean flour: tea saponin extract: datura stramonium powder: starch binder: kaolin: 28:18:12:8:7:21:2:4.

[0035] This ratio can be fine-tuned based on actual conditions, such as the insecticide resistance of the springtails and environmental factors. If the environment is humid, the ratio of corn flour to soybean flour can be increased to maintain the dryness and formation of the attractant. In high-humidity areas, the pore size of the honeycomb columns can be increased to 4mm to improve air permeability.

[0036] Among them, the Morchella stalk powder can simulate the odor of the Morchella growth environment. The Morchella stalk powder contains fungal volatile organic compounds (such as 1-octen-3-ol). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection shows that the antennae potential response intensity of its odor components to springtails is 2.3 times that of corn flour. It has a certain attraction to springtails and can attract springtails to gather, forming a "fungal source + plant source" dual attractant system with the plant-derived fragrance of corn flour and soybean flour.

[0037] Tea saponin extract The saponin components of tea saponin can penetrate the waxy layer on the surface of springtails, increase cell permeability, lead to water loss and electrolyte imbalance in the body, and ultimately cause contact death. After being ingested by springtails, tea saponin can inhibit the activity of intestinal enzymes (such as proteases and amylases), block nutrient absorption, and damage the midgut epithelial cells, exerting a stomach poison effect. As a surfactant, tea saponin can reduce the surface tension of the liquid medicine, promote the adhesion and penetration of ingredients such as Datura alkaloids and sweet potato seed toxins on the surface of springtails, and improve the overall insecticidal efficiency. In addition, compared with chemical pesticides, tea saponin is a natural plant-derived ingredient that is easily degraded in the soil and has low toxicity to morel mycelium and non-target organisms (such as earthworms and bees), meeting the needs of organic agriculture. At the same time, its emulsifying properties can help starch adhesives, kaolin and other ingredients form a uniform system, prevent the agent from agglomerating, and extend the field duration, such as delaying the loss of effective ingredients caused by rainwater erosion;

[0038] Datura plant powder contains scopolamine alkaloids, which are neurotoxic and have certain toxicity to springtails. It can assist tea saponin extract in enhancing the killing effect on springtails.

[0039] Sweet potato seed powder provides sugar and starch, has a natural aroma that attracts springtails to feed, and also serves as a good carrier to mix the other ingredients evenly, giving the bait the right texture and form;

[0040] As an inert carrier, kaolin has a fine, porous structure (particle size typically <2μm) that can absorb active ingredients such as tea saponin and Datura powder, preventing the drug from agglomerating and ensuring uniform distribution during field application. Kaolin's layered structure can encapsulate ingredients such as tea saponin extract, extending its field effectiveness and the release cycle of active ingredients through a sustained-release effect. Kaolin has low water absorption and swelling (approximately 10%-15%), which can absorb excess water in the drug, preventing the starch adhesive from becoming damp and mildewing, while also preventing the degradation of Datura powder due to moisture. Furthermore, the rough surface of the kaolin particles can scratch the waxy layer on the surface of the springtail, and combined with the penetration of tea saponin, accelerate the dehydration and death of the insects.

[0041] Starch adhesive can maintain the stability of the honeycomb structure;

[0042] Soybean flour provides protein nutrition and enhances appetite.

[0043] In the formula, tea saponin extract is a natural insecticide ingredient that has contact and stomach poisoning effects on springtails and is a safe ingredient; the datura powder is dried at 60°C and then ground to 80 mesh to avoid toxic volatilization loss; the addition of sweet potato seed powder can improve the chemotaxis of springtails and synergize with the smell of morels.

[0044] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a Morchella edulis attractant, which comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1. Raw material pretreatment:

[0046] Preparation of Morchella stipe powder: Collect the discarded stipes during the processing of Morchella, clean them, remove impurities and dirt on the surface, and then place them in a dry and ventilated place to dry, or dry them at a constant temperature of 55-65°C for 4-6 hours, then grind them into fine powder using a grinder, pass them through an 80-100 mesh sieve, and seal them for later use;

[0047] Preparation of Datura plant powder: Collect fresh Datura plants, remove impurities, and air-dry them in a cool place. Gather the dried leaves, stems, and other parts of the Datura plants, crush them into powder, sieve through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and store in a dark place (to prevent alkaloid degradation) for later use.

[0048] Sweet potato seed powder, corn flour, and soybean flour processing: Select mature and plump sweet potato seeds, wash and dry them, and then grind them into powder. Pass them through a 60-mesh sieve for later use to ensure that the powder fineness is uniform and reduce particulate impurities;

[0049] Choose high-quality corn flour and soybean flour from the market to ensure they are free of mold and mildew, and sieve them through an 80-mesh sieve before use.

[0050] Tea saponin extract processing: Select raw materials such as camellia seeds, crush and dry them, extract them with 60%-80% ethanol aqueous solution at 50-70°C for 2-3 times, filter and concentrate to obtain a concentrate, adjust the pH of the concentrate to 5.0-7.0 to remove impurities, extract with ethyl acetate, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a crude tea saponin extract powder;

[0051] Kaolin selection: Select kaolin with impurities (Fe2O3, TiO2) <1%, average particle size <2μm, water absorption of 10%-15% within 2 hours, kaolin content ≥90%, and pass through 80-100 mesh sieve for later use to avoid coarse particles affecting mixing uniformity.

[0052] S2. Mixing preparation:

[0053] Initial mixing of plant-derived bait ingredients: Pour corn flour, soybean flour, and sweet potato seed powder into a mixer in proportion, and stir at low speed for 10-15 minutes to ensure that the plant-derived bait ingredients are fully and evenly mixed;

[0054] Add functional ingredients: Add morel stem powder, datura plant powder and kaolin in sequence, continue stirring for 5 minutes, then add tea saponin extract, add water to adjust the humidity to 20-25%, and finally stir at high speed for 20 minutes to ensure that the agent is evenly dispersed;

[0055] Bonding and molding: Add starch adhesive and test the material moisture again. If it exceeds the range of 20-25%, fine-tune by adding dry corn flour to ensure that the final moisture is controlled within the target range. Stir until the material is moist and plastic, that is, it can be held in a ball and falls apart when pressed lightly.

[0056] S3. Mold forming: Use a customized honeycomb cylindrical mold with an inner diameter of 50mm and a height of 20mm. Evenly distribute honeycomb channels with a pore size of 3mm inside and a channel density of 15-20 per square centimeter. Fill the mixed material into the mold and apply 0.5-1MPa pressure for compaction. After demolding, a honeycomb cylindrical body is formed.

[0057] S4. Drying: Place the blank in a ventilated drying oven and dry it at 40-50℃ for 8-12 hours until the moisture content is ≤10%, ensuring that the structure is hard and not easy to break. At the same time, avoid high temperature from destroying the effective ingredients, and avoid cracking or mildew. The morel springtail attractant is obtained, which is sealed in a moisture-proof bag and stored away from light. The shelf life is 6 months.

[0058] The present invention also discloses an application of a Morchella springtail trap and killer for use in Morchella artificial cultivation fields, especially in continuously cropped plots or areas with a high incidence of springtails. The optimal time to use the trap and killer is two months before sowing the Morchella, i.e., September to October. At this time, springtails are more active and have not yet caused harm to the growth of the Morchella. Early trapping and killing can effectively reduce the base number of springtails. The specific application is adjusted according to the local climate to ensure that the soil agent residue meets the standard at the time of sowing.

[0059] Deeply plow the soil 80-90 days before sowing, remove weeds and crop residues, and expose it to the sun for 7-10 days to reduce the initial base number of springtails in the soil.

[0060] It should be applied 60 days before sowing morels (i.e. 20-30 days after deep plowing). The application environment requires the field air humidity to be 60%-70%, the temperature to be 15-25℃, and it should be laid out before the peak hatching period of springtails.

[0061] Field deployment density: 1,000 honeycomb cylindrical morel springtail traps are evenly distributed per mu, arranged in a 2m×2m grid to ensure coverage of the main activity areas of the springtails.

[0062] Field installation depth: 1 / 3 of the honeycomb cylindrical body is buried in the soil (about 7mm), exposing the honeycomb structure to attract springtails and avoid being buried by the soil or displaced by rainwater.

[0063] Wear rubber gloves and masks during the preparation and placement process, and wash your hands and face immediately after operation.

[0064] Cover with shade net: After placement, the entire field is covered with a shade net with a shading rate of 60%-70%, and compacted with soil blocks on all sides. Springtails like microhabitats with a humidity of 80%-90% and a shading rate of more than 60%. Therefore, a weak light and humid environment suitable for springtails to move around can be created, which can attract springtails to come and feed on the attractant. At the same time, the shade net can also reduce the direct erosion of the attractant by rainwater, thereby prolonging its effective action time.

[0065] Lift the sunshade net every 7-10 days to observe the loss of the attractant. If it is found to be severely moldy or insect-infested, replenish and replace it in time, and check the integrity of the honeycomb. If the breakage rate is greater than 30%, re-addition is required.

[0066] Maintain soil moisture at 75-85% through ventilation or a misting system to avoid excessive dryness, which reduces springtail activity, or excessive moisture, which causes the bait to spoil.

[0067] Place the bait 30 days before sowing morels. A single application is effective for 45-60 days, covering the entire springtail outbreak period. Before sowing morels, remove any remaining bait from the field to prevent any negative impact on their growth. Store unused bait in a sealed container in a cool, dry place.

[0068] The present invention is further described below by way of specific examples, and its preparation method and application are as follows:

[0069] Field trial at a morel base in Yunnan

[0070] 1. Trial Background and Purpose

[0071] The experimental location is a morel cultivation base in Kunming, Yunnan Province, with an average annual temperature of 15°C, red soil, and a pH of 6.2-6.8.

[0072] Purpose of the experiment: To verify the control effect of the lure of the present invention on springtails and its effect on the yield of morels.

[0073] Experimental field design: 3 mu of contiguous fields were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups:

[0074] Experimental group (1 mu): using the trapping agent of the present invention;

[0075] Control group 1 (1 mu): sprayed with traditional chemical agents (5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, 100 mL per mu diluted with 50 kg of water);

[0076] Control group 2 (1 mu): blank control group without any prevention and control measures.

[0077] 2. Materials and Equipment

[0078] Preparation of bait:

[0079] Formula (by mass percentage):

[0080] Morel stem powder 35%, tea saponin extract 8%, Datura plant powder 20%, sweet potato seed powder 15%, corn flour 10%, soy flour 5%, kaolin 5%, starch adhesive 2%.

[0081] Mould: Customized stainless steel honeycomb cylindrical mould (inner diameter 50mm × height 20mm, pore diameter 3mm, pore depth 15mm, 36 pores / column).

[0082] Other equipment: crusher, mixer, hot air drying oven, sunshade net (shading rate 70%), soil thermometer and humidity meter.

[0083] 3. Preparation Method

[0084] The raw materials were crushed and sieved according to the above pretreatment method. Corn flour, soybean flour, and sweet potato seed powder were initially mixed in a mixer for 15 minutes. Then, Morchella oleracea stipe powder, Datura plant powder, and kaolin were added in sequence and stirred for 5 minutes. Tea saponin extract was then added, and water was added to adjust the humidity to 20-25%. Finally, high-speed stirring was performed for 20 minutes to ensure that the agent was evenly dispersed. A starch adhesive aqueous solution was added in portions, and the material humidity was tested again. If it exceeded the 20-25% range, dry corn flour was added to fine-tune the humidity to ensure that the final humidity was within the target range. The material was stirred until plastic, poured into a honeycomb mold, and pressed into shape. The material was dried at 45°C for 10 hours to produce approximately 1,000 honeycomb cylinders (each weighing approximately 10g). The cylinders were sealed and packaged in aluminum foil moisture-proof bags for later use.

[0085] 4. Field application

[0086] Release time: October 5 (the planned sowing date for morels is December 10).

[0087] Delivery method:

[0088] In the experimental group, 1,000 honeycomb columns were evenly distributed in a 1m x 0.6m grid, buried 2-3cm below the soil surface, with the honeycomb openings facing upward. The entire field was covered with black shade netting, installed 30cm above the ground, to maintain a light transmittance of ≤30%. Soil moisture was maintained at 75-85% (adjusted by spraying water daily in the morning and evening), and the temperature was 15-25°C (controlled by the shade netting and ventilation).

[0089] Control group 1 was sprayed with conventional chemical agents.

[0090] Control group 2 did not take any preventive measures.

[0091] 5. Data Collection and Analysis Methods

[0092] Springtail density monitoring:

[0093] Methods: Ten sampling points (20 cm × 20 cm area) were randomly selected every 7 days, and the springtails were captured using the "sweet and vinegar liquid trap method", and the number of springtails per unit area was counted.

[0094] Time points: before launch (T0), 15 days after launch (T1), 30 days (T2), and 45 days (T3).

[0095] Statistics on the damage rate of springtails:

[0096] During the fruiting period of Morchella oleracea (March of the following year), 100 fruiting bodies were randomly selected and the proportion eaten by springtails was recorded.

[0097] Morchella yield determination:

[0098] During the harvest period, the yield per mu (fresh weight) of each group was calculated and the difference between the experimental group and the control group was compared.

[0099] 6. Test results

[0100] Springtail trapping effect:

[0101] Group <![CDATA[T0 (head / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[T1 (head / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[T2 (head / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[T3 (head / m 2 )]]> experimental group 320±25 150±18 50±8 15±3 Control group 1 315±22 280±20 220±15 180±12 Control group 2 310±20 450±30 600±40 800±50

[0102] The above experimental results show that the springtail reduction rate in the experimental group reached 95.3% (T3 vs T0), which was significantly higher than 42.9% in the control group 1.

[0103] Springtail damage rate and morel production:

[0104] Group Springtail damage rate (%) Yield per mu (kg) experimental group 5.2±0.8 215±12 Control group 1 28.5±2.1 168±10 Control group 2 85.0±4.5 65±8

[0105] From the above experimental results, it can be seen that the yield of the experimental group increased by 28% compared with the control group 1, and there was no pesticide residue in the mushroom body (GB2763-2021 test passed).

[0106] The trapping agent of the present invention showed significant effects in Morchella fields:

[0107] 1. Rapid insect control: Springtail density drops by 95% within 45 days, and the effective period covers the peak breeding period of springtails.

[0108] 2. Increase production and improve quality: the damage rate is reduced to below 5%, the yield per mu is increased by 28%, and there is no chemical residue.

[0109] 3. Environmental compatibility: The natural degradation rate of the honeycomb column is greater than 90% after 60 days, and the sunshade net has no negative impact on the light requirements of the morels.

[0110] The working principle of this morel springtail killer:

[0111] 1. Triple Induction Mechanism

[0112] 1. Odor attraction: The fungal volatile organic compounds (such as 1-octen-3-ol) contained in the morel stipe powder work synergistically with the plant aroma of corn flour and soybean flour to simulate the natural food source of springtails (humus, fungal hyphae), attracting them to gather towards the attractant.

[0113] 2. Structural guidance: The 3mm honeycomb aperture matches the body size of springtails (body length 1-3mm), allowing them to enter and exit freely; the 20mm height of the cylinder ensures full contact between the agent and the surface soil, forming a three-dimensional trapping space.

[0114] 3. Nutritional induction: The natural plant smell of tea saponin extract works synergistically with ingredients such as morel stipe powder and corn flour to form a composite attractant system, attracting springtails to actively contact or feed on the agent. The starch in sweet potato seed powder and the protein in soybean flour provide springtails with continuous feeding motivation, thereby prolonging their residence time in the attractant.

[0115] 2. Compound poisoning effect

[0116] 1. Chemical poisoning: The saponins in tea saponin extract can penetrate the waxy layer on the springtail's surface, increasing cell permeability and leading to water loss and electrolyte imbalance, ultimately causing contact killing. When ingested by springtails, tea saponins inhibit intestinal enzyme activity (such as proteases and amylases), blocking nutrient absorption and damaging midgut epithelial cells, exerting a stomach toxic effect.

[0117] 2. Biological inhibition: Datura alkaloids destroy the midgut epithelial cells of springtails, inhibit the activity of their digestive enzymes, and make them lose their feeding ability, thus having both feeding refusal and chronic poisoning effects.

[0118] 3. Environmental synergy: The high humidity environment created by the shade net promotes the activity of springtails, while the dry solid form of the attractant prevents the agent from being lost too quickly and prolongs the duration of action.

[0119] The attractant and application method provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the base number of springtails before sowing morels, providing key technical support for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of morels.

[0120] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Morchella springtail trapping agent, characterized in that: The morel springtail trap comprises the following raw materials: 25-35% of morel stipe powder, 5-10% of tea saponin extract, 20-30% of datura plant powder, 15-25% of sweet potato seed powder, 10-20% of corn flour, 5-15% of soybean flour and 5-10% of kaolin.

2. A Morchella springtail attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials of the morel springtail attractant also include 1%-3% starch adhesive, which is used for bonding the raw materials into shape. The mass ratio of the morel springtail attractant is preferably morel stipe powder: sweet potato seed powder: corn flour: soybean flour: tea saponin extract: datura plant powder: starch adhesive: kaolin = 28:18:12:8:7:21:2:

4.

3. A method for preparing a Morchella edulis attractant, for preparing the Morchella edulis attractant according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Preparation of Morchella stipe powder: Collect the discarded stipes during the processing of Morchella, clean them, remove impurities and dirt on the surface, and then place them in a dry and ventilated place to dry, or dry them at a constant temperature of 55-65°C for 4-6 hours, then grind them into fine powder using a grinder, pass them through an 80-100 mesh sieve, and seal them for later use; Preparation of Datura plant powder: Collect fresh Datura plants, remove impurities, and air-dry them in a cool place. Gather the dried leaves and stems of the Datura plants, crush them into powder, sieve them through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and store them away from light for later use. Sweet potato seed powder, corn flour, and soybean flour processing: Select mature and plump sweet potato seeds, wash and dry them, grind them into powder, and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve for later use; Choose high-quality corn flour and soybean flour from the market to ensure they are free of mold and mildew, and sieve them through an 80-mesh sieve for later use. Tea saponin extract processing: Select raw materials such as camellia seeds, crush and dry them, extract them with 60%-80% ethanol aqueous solution at 50-70℃ for 2-3 times, filter and concentrate to obtain a concentrate, adjust the pH of the concentrate to remove impurities, extract with ethyl acetate, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a crude tea saponin extract powder; Kaolin selection: Select kaolin with impurities less than 1%, average particle size less than 2μm, and water absorption of 10%-15% within 2 hours, and pass it through an 80-100 mesh sieve for later use; S2. Mixing preparation: Initial mixing of plant-derived bait ingredients: Pour corn flour, soybean flour, and sweet potato seed powder into a mixer in proportion, and stir at low speed for 10-15 minutes to ensure that the plant-derived bait ingredients are fully and evenly mixed; Add functional ingredients: Add morel stem powder, datura plant powder and kaolin in sequence, continue stirring for 5 minutes, then add tea saponin extract, add water to adjust the humidity to 20-25%, and finally stir at high speed for 20 minutes to ensure that the agent is evenly dispersed; Bonding and molding: Add starch adhesive and test the material moisture again. If it exceeds the range of 20-25%, fine-tune by adding dry corn flour to ensure that the final moisture is controlled within the target range. Stir until the material is moist and plastic. S3. Mold forming: Use a customized honeycomb cylindrical mold with an inner diameter of 50 mm and a height of 20 mm. Evenly distribute honeycomb channels with a pore diameter of 3 mm inside and a channel density of 15-20 cells / cm2. Fill the mold with the mixed material and apply a pressure of 0.5-1 MPa to compact it. After demolding, a honeycomb cylindrical body is formed. S4. Drying: Place the green body in a ventilated drying oven and dry it at 40-50° C. for 8-12 hours until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the Morchella springtail attractant. Seal the green body in a moisture-proof bag and store it away from light. The shelf life is 6 months.

4. An application of a Morchella edulis attractant, comprising the Morchella edulis attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: Used in artificial cultivation fields of morels, especially in continuously cropped plots or areas with a high incidence of springtails.

5. The use of a Morchella collembolans attractant according to claim 4, characterized in that: Deeply plow the soil 80-90 days before sowing morels, remove weeds and crop residues, and expose it to the sun for 7-10 days to reduce the initial base number of springtails in the soil.

6. The use of a Morchella collembolans attractant according to claim 4, characterized in that: The morel springtail killer is applied 60 days before morel sowing (i.e. 20-30 days after deep plowing), avoiding the rainy season. The application environment requires the field air humidity to be 60%-70%, the temperature to be 15-25°C, and the killer is deployed before the peak hatching period of springtails.

7. The use of a Morchella collembolans attractant according to claim 4, characterized in that: 1,000 honeycomb cylindrical morel springtail attractants are evenly distributed per acre and arranged in a 2m×2m grid to ensure that the main activity area of ​​the springtails is covered. 1 / 3 of the honeycomb cylindrical blank is buried in the soil, exposing the honeycomb structure to attract springtails. After the arrangement is completed, the entire field is covered with a shade net with a shading rate of 60%-70%, and compacted with soil blocks on all sides.

8. The use of a Morchella collembolans attractant according to claim 4, characterized in that: Lift the shade net every 7-10 days to observe the loss of the attractant. If mold or insect damage is found, replenish and replace it in time, and check the integrity of the honeycomb. If the breakage rate is greater than 30%, refill it. Maintain the soil moisture content at 75-85% through ventilation holes or spray systems.

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