A wide-angle scanning phased array antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, comprising: a metal floor, a beam-splitting lens spaced apart therefrom, and a beam-tilt array element group disposed between the metal floor and the beam-splitting lens. The group includes an even number of spaced-apart beam-tilt array elements, each mirror-imaged relative to the centerline of the metal floor. The metal floor is connected to a feeding mechanism, which is connected to the beam-tilt array elements. The phased array antenna employs beam-tilt array elements with a mirror-symmetric structure, and a beam-splitting lens is disposed above the beam-tilt array elements. The beam generated by the beam-tilt array elements is transformed into a new beam at a low elevation angle by the beam-splitting lens, thereby improving the gain at low elevation angles during beam scanning. Within the operating frequency band of 5.7-6.3 GHz, a 3dB scanning range of -83° to +83° is achieved, expanding the coverage of modern communications and radar systems. The beam-splitting lens also acts as a matching layer, increasing the maximum gain of the phased array antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of antennas and relates to a phased array antenna, in particular to a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of civilian communications equipment and military radar, the requirements for antenna system coverage have gradually increased. The traditional method for improving antenna system coverage is mechanical scanning: a driver drives the radiator to deflect, thereby changing the beam direction to cover different ranges. However, this mechanical scanning method suffers from low scanning accuracy and slow speed, making it difficult to meet the requirements of modern communication systems. In the military, in particular, to quickly and accurately detect targets and obstacles, radar systems must be able to quickly scan the search range. This requires the antenna system's beam to scan quickly and efficiently, a requirement that traditional antennas struggle to meet. To achieve wireless communication signal transmission over a large area, phased array antennas have been widely researched and developed in recent years. Compared with traditional mechanical scanning antennas, phased array antennas offer high gain, high precision, and beam agility. By controlling the phase of each array element, they can achieve rapid beam scanning, quickly detect targets, and locate multiple targets.

[0003] Despite the promising prospects of phased array antenna technology, practical applications still face numerous challenges. Expanding the coverage of phased array antennas, particularly improving their wide-angle scanning capabilities, has become a pressing challenge. Traditional phased array antennas face challenges in wide-angle areas, such as increased active reflections due to enhanced mutual coupling between array elements. These issues severely restrict the effective radiation of energy and limit the expansion of the scanning range. Consequently, the scanning angle of traditional phased array antennas is generally around ±50°, and the maximum gain of existing phased array antennas is relatively low.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to further improve the phased array antenna in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the traditional phased array antenna has a narrow scanning range and a low maximum gain, and thus a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna with significantly improved maximum gain is proposed.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] The present invention provides a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, comprising:

[0008] Metal flooring;

[0009] a beam splitting lens, spaced apart from the metal floor;

[0010] a beam tilt array element group, disposed between the metal floor and the beam splitting lens, the beam tilt array element group comprising an even number of beam tilt array elements spaced apart, wherein pairs of the even number of beam tilt array elements are mirror-imaged relative to a midline of the metal floor;

[0011] A feeding mechanism, one end of which is connected to the metal floor, and the other end of which is connected to the beam tilting array element.

[0012] Preferably, the beam tilting array element comprises:

[0013] a main dielectric plate, one end of which is connected to the metal floor, and the other end of which is spaced apart from the beam splitting lens;

[0014] a secondary dielectric plate, arranged parallel to and spaced apart from the primary dielectric plate, one end of the secondary dielectric plate being connected to the metal floor, and the other end of the secondary dielectric plate being spaced apart from the beam splitting lens;

[0015] A dipole radiation patch is provided on a surface of the main dielectric plate close to the auxiliary dielectric plate;

[0016] a parasitic radiation patch, arranged on a side of the secondary dielectric plate away from the main dielectric plate;

[0017] A microstrip line is provided on a board surface of the main dielectric board away from the auxiliary dielectric board, and the microstrip line is connected to the feeding mechanism.

[0018] Preferably, the main dielectric plate and the auxiliary dielectric plate are both vertically connected to the metal floor, and the spacing between the main dielectric plate and the auxiliary dielectric plate is no more than 0.2λ; the main dielectric plate and the auxiliary dielectric plate are both rectangular plates, and the lengths of the main dielectric plate and the auxiliary dielectric plate are both 0.4λ-1.2λ, and the widths are both 0.5λ-1.5λ, where λ is the center frequency wavelength of the wide-angle phased array antenna.

[0019] Preferably, a current phase difference of 0-π rad is formed between the dipole radiation patch and the parasitic radiation patch, and the dipole radiation patch includes a first dipole radiation patch and a second dipole radiation patch symmetrically arranged relative to the center line of the main dielectric plate. The first dipole radiation patch and the second dipole radiation patch have the same structure and both include an integrally formed first rectangular patch and a second rectangular patch. The length of the first rectangular patch is 0.2λ-0.5λ and the width is 0.05λ-0.3λ; the length of the second rectangular patch is 0.2λ-0.5λ and the width is 0.05λ-0.3λ, wherein λ is the center frequency wavelength of the wide-angle phased array antenna.

[0020] Preferably, the parasitic radiation patch includes a first parasitic radiation patch and a second parasitic radiation patch symmetrically arranged relative to the midline of the secondary dielectric plate, the first parasitic radiation patch and the second parasitic radiation patch have the same shape, and both include an integrally formed third rectangular patch and a fourth rectangular patch, the length of the third rectangular patch is 0.2λ-0.5λ, and the width is 0.05λ-0.15λ; the length of the fourth rectangular patch is 0.05λ-0.15λ, and the width is not greater than 0.15λ.

[0021] Preferably, the microstrip line is a gate-shaped structure with an open bottom, comprising a first vertical microstrip line, a horizontal microstrip line and a second vertical microstrip line connected in sequence, wherein the length of the first vertical microstrip line is 0.2λ-0.5λ, the length of the horizontal microstrip line is 0.1λ-0.5λ, and the length of the second vertical microstrip line is less than the length of the first vertical microstrip line.

[0022] Preferably, the main dielectric plates in the pairwise mirror-imaged beam tilt array elements are arranged relative to each other to form a first beam tilt array element group and a second beam tilt array element group that are mirror-symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line of the metal floor; and a spacing between two adjacent beam tilt array elements in the first beam tilt array element group and the second beam tilt array element group is no greater than 0.5λ.

[0023] Preferably, in the first beam tilt array element group and the second beam tilt array element group, the microstrip lines in two adjacent beam tilt array elements are arranged in a mirror image.

[0024] Preferably, the beam splitting lens is composed of a first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens and a second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens arranged with opposite top surfaces. The thickness of the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens increases in a direction away from the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens, and the thickness of the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens increases in a direction away from the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens. The length and width of the beam splitting lens are respectively the same as the length and width of the metal floor. The spacing between the beam splitting lens and the metal floor is 0.5λ-1λ, the center thickness of the beam splitting lens is 0.03λ-0.3λ, and the dielectric constant of the beam splitting lens is 3-4.5, wherein λ is the center frequency wavelength of the wide-angle phased array antenna.

[0025] Preferably, the ends of the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens and the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens away from each other are both provided with a chamfer, and the angle of the chamfer is 10-80°; the metal floor is a rectangular plate, and the length of the metal floor is 3.2λ-4.5λ and the width is 0.5λ-1.5λ.

[0026] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0027] The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by the present invention includes: a metal floor, a beam splitting lens spaced apart from the metal floor, a beam tilt array element group disposed between the metal floor and the beam splitting lens, the beam tilt array element group including an even number of beam tilt array elements spaced apart, the even number of beam tilt array elements being mirror-imaged relative to the center line of the metal floor, the metal floor being connected to a feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism being simultaneously connected to the beam tilt array elements. The phased array antenna uses beam tilt array elements with a mirror-symmetrical structure, and a beam splitting lens is disposed above the beam tilt array elements. The beam generated by the beam tilt array elements forms a new beam at a low elevation angle through the beam splitting lens, thereby increasing the gain at low elevation angles during beam scanning, thereby significantly improving the scanning range, achieving a 3dB scanning range of -83° to +83° within the operating frequency band of 5.7-6.3GHz, and expanding the coverage breadth of modern communication and radar systems. At the same time, the beam splitting lens also acts as a matching layer, significantly improving the maximum gain of the phased array antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein

[0029] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a beam tilting element in a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 1 is a schematic structural diagram of another angle of the beam tilt element in the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main dielectric plate in a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 is the beam pattern of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 is an active S-parameter curve diagram of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the scanning angle is 0°;

[0036] Figure 8This is a graph of active S-parameters of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the scanning angle is 83°.

[0037] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1-metal floor; 2-beam splitting lens; 201-first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens; 202-second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens; 3-beam tilting array element; 301-main dielectric plate; 302-second dielectric plate; 303-dipole radiation patch; 3031-first rectangular patch; 3032-second rectangular patch; 304-parasitic radiation patch; 3041-third rectangular patch; 3042-fourth rectangular patch; 305-microstrip line; 3051-first vertical microstrip line; 3052-horizontal microstrip line; 3053-second vertical microstrip line; 4-feeding mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the products of the present invention are conventionally placed when in use, or are the orientations or positional relationships conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. These are merely for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] In the present invention, “first”, “second”, etc. are only used to distinguish in description and have no special meaning.

[0041] It should also be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "installed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] Example

[0043] This embodiment provides a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna. Figure 1-Figure 5The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in this embodiment includes: a metal floor 1; a beam splitting lens 2 spaced apart from and parallel to the metal floor 1; a beam tilt array element group disposed between the metal floor 1 and the beam splitting lens 2; the beam tilt array element group including an even number of spaced apart beam tilt array elements 3. Each of the even number of beam tilt array elements 3 is mirror-symmetrically disposed with respect to the centerline of the metal floor 1. That is, each of the even number of beam tilt array elements 3 is centrosymmetrically disposed with respect to the center of the metal floor 1, forming a one-dimensional beam tilt array element array arranged along the length of the metal floor 1. The antenna also includes feeding mechanisms 4 corresponding to the number of beam tilt array elements 3. Each feeding mechanism 4 is connected to the metal floor at one end and to a beam tilt array element 3 at the other end. The feeding mechanisms 4 excite the beam tilt array elements 3.

[0044] The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in this embodiment employs a mirror-symmetrical beam-tilting element array, and a beam-splitting lens 2 is disposed above the beam-tilting element 3. The beam generated by the beam-tilting element 3 forms a new beam at a low elevation angle through the beam-splitting lens 2, thereby increasing the gain at low elevation angles during beam scanning, thereby significantly extending the scanning range. Within the 5.7-6.3 GHz operating frequency band, a 3dB scanning range of -83° to +83° is achieved, expanding the coverage of modern communications and radar systems. At the same time, the beam-splitting lens 2 also acts as a matching layer, significantly increasing the maximum gain of the phased array antenna. The principle behind the greatly expanded scanning range of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in this embodiment is that, according to the generalized law of refraction and reflection, when a beam is incident from a denser medium to a less dense medium, total reflection occurs when the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, while total transmission occurs when the incident angle is less than the critical angle. The critical angle is the critical condition for total reflection and is determined by the dielectric constants of air and the beam-splitting lens 2. The beam radiated by the beam-tilting element 3 is split into a fully transmitted wave component and a fully reflected wave component by the beam-splitting lens 2 above. The fully transmitted wave component propagates along the axial direction of the beam-splitting lens 2, providing gain for axial beam scanning, and the fully reflected wave component propagates along the radial direction of the beam-splitting lens 2, providing gain for beam scanning at low elevation angles. The beam-tilting element 3 enhances the fully reflected wave component. At the same time, by changing the angle between the incident and exit surfaces of the beam-splitting lens 2, the size of the transmitted and reflected wave components can be further controlled, thereby achieving wide-angle scanning with a gain fluctuation of less than 3dB within the scanning range. This phased array antenna is based on heterogeneous beam-tilting elements and is loaded with a beam-splitting lens 2, which greatly widens the scanning range and increases the maximum gain.

[0045] In this embodiment, preferably, the beam tilt array element group includes eight beam tilt array elements 3, the eight beam tilt array elements 3 are equally spaced, and are mirror-symmetrically arranged in pairs, forming a first beam tilt array element group and a second beam tilt array element group that are mirror-symmetrically arranged relative to the midline of the metal floor 1. The first beam tilt array element group and the second beam tilt array element group each include four equally spaced beam tilt array elements 3. The spacing between two adjacent beam tilt array elements 3 is no greater than 0.5λ, and is preferably 0.4λ in this embodiment. In this embodiment, λ is the center frequency wavelength of the wide-angle phased array antenna.

[0046] like Figure 1-Figure 2The metal floor 1 is a rectangular metal plate having a length of 3.2λ-4.5λ and a width of 0.5λ-1.5λ. In this embodiment, the length of the metal floor 1 is preferably 3.8λ and the width is 1λ. The bottom surface of the beam splitter lens 2 is arranged parallel to the plate surface of the metal floor 1. The four corners of the beam splitter lens 2 can be fixed to the four corners of the metal floor by brackets. In this embodiment, the brackets can preferably be manufactured by 3D printing. The overall length and end width of the beam splitter lens 2 are respectively the same as the length and width of the metal floor 1. The beam splitter lens 2 is formed of a single medium with a dielectric constant of 3-4.5. In this embodiment, the beam splitter lens 2 is made of quartz glass. Specifically, the beam splitter lens 2 is composed of a first wedge-shaped beam splitter lens 201 and a second wedge-shaped beam splitter lens 202, which are arranged on opposite top surfaces. The opposing surfaces of the first wedge-shaped beam splitter lens 201 and the second wedge-shaped beam splitter lens 202 are fixed by UV adhesive. The surfaces of the first and second wedge-shaped beam splitter lenses 201 and 202 near the metal floor 1 are planar. The thickness of the first wedge-shaped beam splitter lens 201 increases as it moves away from the second wedge-shaped beam splitter lens 202. Correspondingly, the thickness of the second wedge-shaped beam splitter lens 202 increases as it moves away from the first wedge-shaped beam splitter lens 201, resulting in a thin structure in the middle and thicker ends for the beam splitter lens 2. The thickness of the beam splitter lens 2 and its spacing from the metal floor 1 affect the impedance matching of the antenna. The spacing between the beam splitter lens 2 and the metal floor 1 is 0.5λ-1λ, preferably 0.8λ in this embodiment. The center thickness of the beam splitter lens 2 is 0.03λ-0.3λ, preferably 0.15λ in this embodiment. Due to the wedge-shaped structure, the incident surface and the exit surface of the beam splitter lens 2 form an angle. In this embodiment, the incident surface is the surface close to the metal floor 1, and the exit surface is the surface away from the metal floor 1. By adjusting the thickness of the ends of the first and second wedge-shaped beam splitter lenses 201 and 202 away from each other, the size of this angle can be controlled, thereby controlling the ratio of the total transmission component to the total reflection component. The thickness of the ends of the first and second wedge-shaped beam splitter lenses 201 and 202 away from each other is 0.2λ-0.4λ, preferably 0.3λ in this embodiment. The length of the beam splitter lens 2 can control the directionality of the total reflection component. The longer the length, the higher the directionality along the tangential direction. However, if the beam splitter lens is too long, a zero sink point will appear during scanning. Therefore, in this embodiment, the length of the beam splitter lens 2 and the metal floor 1 is preferably equal. In addition, the eight beam-tilted array elements 3 can significantly demonstrate array scanning capabilities and have the advantage of being compact, which can effectively reduce the size of the antenna and is more conducive to integration into the radar system.

[0047] Further, if Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, the end of the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens 201 away from the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens 202 is provided with a chamfer, and correspondingly, the end of the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens 202 away from the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens 201 is also provided with a chamfer, and the chamfer angle is 10-80 degrees, and preferably 45 degrees in this embodiment. The beam splitting lens 2 composed of the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens 201 and the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens 202 plays the role of: after the beam generated by the beam tilting array element 3 passes through the lower surface of the beam splitting lens 2, it is incident on the upper surface of the beam splitting lens 2 into the air. The beam with an incident angle less than the critical angle is fully transmitted and passes through the lens, and the beam with an incident angle greater than the critical angle is fully reflected and propagates toward the bottom edge inside the lens. Due to the above effect, the beam of the beam tilting array element 3 is tilted toward the low elevation angle, so that More energy is incident on the upper surface of the beam splitting lens 2 at an angle greater than the critical angle, thereby increasing the total reflection flux after entering the beam splitting lens 2. Under the joint action of the beam splitting lens 2 and the beam tilting array element 3, the total reflection component is fully utilized to improve the gain at low elevation angles. At the same time, since the beam splitting lens 2 is a dielectric layer covering the array of beam tilting array elements 3, the axial gain is also improved, achieving a 3dB scanning range of -83° to +83°, compensating for the axial gain loss caused by the use of heterogeneous units.

[0048] See also Figure 3-Figure 5 In the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in this embodiment, the structure of the beam tilting element 3 is as follows: Each beam tilting element 3 includes a main dielectric plate 301. The main dielectric plate 301 is a rectangular plate with a length of 0.5λ-1.5λ and a width of 0.4λ-1.2λ. The dielectric constant of the main dielectric plate 301 is 2-5. In this embodiment, the main dielectric plate 301 is preferably made of FR-4 plate with a length of 1λ, a width of 0.8λ, and a standard thickness of FR-4 plate. In this embodiment, the length of the main dielectric plate 301 is equal to the width of the metal floor 1, and the length direction of the main dielectric plate 301 is perpendicular to the length direction of the metal floor 1. At the same time, the bottom end of the main dielectric plate 301 is perpendicularly connected to the top surface of the metal floor 1.

[0049] Each beam tilt array element 3 also includes a secondary dielectric plate 302, spaced apart and parallel to the main dielectric plate 301. Its length is 0.5λ-1.5λ, and its width is 0.4λ-1.2λ. The secondary dielectric plate 302 shares the same length, width, and thickness as the main dielectric plate 301. The secondary dielectric plate 302 is also perpendicularly connected to the surface of the metal floor 1, forming a structure in which the main dielectric plate 301 and the secondary dielectric plate 302 are connected parallel to the metal floor 1. The secondary dielectric plate 302 has a dielectric constant of 2-5. In this embodiment, the secondary dielectric plate 302 is preferably made of FR-4.

[0050] A dipole radiating patch 303 is provided on the surface of the main dielectric plate 301 on the side closest to the secondary dielectric plate 302. That is, the dipole radiating patch 303 is disposed between the main dielectric plate 301 and the secondary dielectric plate 302. A parasitic radiating patch 304 is provided on the surface of the secondary dielectric plate 302 on the side away from the main dielectric plate 301. A microstrip line 305 is provided on the surface of the main dielectric plate 301 on the side away from the secondary dielectric plate 302. The microstrip line 305 is connected to the feeding mechanism 4. A current phase difference of 0-πrad is formed between the dipole radiating patch 303 and the parasitic radiating patch 304.

[0051] In this example, feeding mechanism 4 utilizes a coaxial feeding mechanism, preferably an SMA connector. Specifically, the outer conductor of the SMA connector is welded to the bottom of metal floor 1, while the inner core penetrates metal floor 1 and is welded to microstrip line 305. To allow the inner core of the SMA connector to pass through metal floor 1, a through-hole is provided in metal floor 1. The SMA connector also connects to an external power source. The current provided by the external power source is transmitted through the SMA connector to microstrip line 305, thereby causing dipole radiating patch 303 to resonate and excite parasitic radiating patch 304. Based on the preferred spacing between adjacent beam-tilting array elements 3, the current phase of parasitic radiating patch 304 leads the current phase of dipole radiating patch 303. Parasitic radiating patch 304 and dipole radiating patch 303 form a binary array. The phase difference between the currents causes beam tilt, thereby enabling beam-tilting array element 3 to achieve beam tilting. The current phase difference increases as the spacing between the main dielectric plate 301 and the secondary dielectric plate 302 increases, thereby increasing the beam tilt angle of the beam tilt array element 3. For a one-dimensional array formed by multiple beam tilt array elements 3, the mutual coupling between the beam tilt array elements 3 also increases as the spacing between the main dielectric plate 301 and the secondary dielectric plate 302 increases. Taking into account the requirements for the beam tilt angle and the influence of mutual coupling, the spacing between the main dielectric plate 301 and the secondary dielectric plate 302 is no greater than 0.2λ. In this embodiment, the characteristic current phase difference is 45° (π / 4 rad), and the beam tilt angle is 30°.

[0052] See also Figure 5In the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in this embodiment, the dipole radiating patch 303 includes a first dipole radiating patch and a second dipole radiating patch symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical midline of the main dielectric plate 301. The first dipole radiating patch and the second dipole radiating patch have the same structure, both including an integrally formed first rectangular patch 3031 and a second rectangular patch 3032. The first rectangular patch 3031 and the second rectangular patch 3032 form two L-shaped radiating patches that are symmetrically arranged in opposite directions. Among them, one end of the second rectangular patch 3032 extends from the bottom end to the top end of the main dielectric plate 301, and the first rectangular patch 3031 is integrally formed on the top of the second rectangular patch 3032. The length of the first rectangular patch 3031 is 0.2λ-0.5λ, and the width is 0.05λ-0.3λ. In this embodiment, preferably, the length of the first rectangular patch 3031 is 0.3λ, and the width is 0.15λ; the length of the second rectangular patch 3032 is 0.2λ-0.5λ, and the width is 0.05λ-0.3λ. In this embodiment, preferably, the length of the second rectangular patch 3032 is 0.4λ, and the width is 0.15λ.

[0053] See also Figure 4 In the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in this embodiment, the parasitic radiation patch 304 includes a first parasitic radiation patch and a second parasitic radiation patch symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical center line of the secondary dielectric plate 302. The first parasitic radiation patch and the second parasitic radiation patch have the same structure and both include an integrally formed third rectangular patch 3041 and a fourth rectangular patch 3042. The third rectangular patch 3041 and the fourth rectangular patch 3042 form two L-shaped patches that are symmetrically arranged in opposite directions. The parasitic radiation patch 304 is arranged in the upper center of the secondary dielectric plate 302. The distance between the bottom edge of the parasitic radiation patch 304 and the bottom edge of the secondary dielectric plate 302 is 0.3λ-0.5λ, and preferably 0.4λ in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the length of the third rectangular patch 3041 is 0.2λ-0.5λ, and the width is 0.05λ-0.15λ. In this embodiment, preferably, the length of the third rectangular patch 3041 is 0.3λ, and the width is 0.1λ. The length of the fourth rectangular patch 3042 is 0.05λ-0.15λ, and the width is no greater than 0.15λ. In this embodiment, preferably, the length of the fourth rectangular patch 3042 is 0.1λ, and the width is 0.02λ. As an alternative embodiment, the dipole radiating patch 303 and the parasitic radiating patch 304 may also adopt other shapes, as long as they can generate a current phase difference.

[0054] See also Figure 3In the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in this embodiment, the microstrip line 305 is a gate-shaped structure with an open bottom, specifically including a first vertical microstrip line 3051, a horizontal microstrip line 3052, and a second vertical microstrip line 3053 connected in sequence, wherein the first vertical microstrip line 3051 extends from the bottom end to the top end of the main dielectric plate 301, the horizontal microstrip line 3052 is connected to the top end of the first vertical microstrip line 3051, and the second vertical microstrip line 3053 extends toward the bottom end of the main dielectric plate 301 and has its bottom connected to the main dielectric plate. There is a spacing at the bottom of 301. In this embodiment, the length of the first vertical microstrip line 3051 is 0.2λ-0.5λ, preferably 0.35λ in this embodiment, the length of the horizontal microstrip line 3052 is 0.1λ-0.5λ, preferably 0.2λ in this embodiment, the length of the second vertical microstrip line 3053 is less than the length of the first vertical microstrip line 3051, preferably 0.2λ in this embodiment; the line width of the microstrip line is calculated according to the dielectric constant and thickness of the material, and it is sufficient to meet the impedance matching at the port.

[0055] like Figure 3-Figure 5 As shown, to achieve the goal of microstrip line 305 exciting dipole radiating patch 303 and dipole radiating patch 303 exciting parasitic radiating patch 304, dipole radiating patch 303 and microstrip line 305 are both positioned horizontally in the center of main dielectric plate 301, with the projection of microstrip line 305 on main dielectric plate 301 falling within the projection of dipole radiating patch 303 on the main dielectric plate. Furthermore, dipole radiating patch 303 and microstrip line 305 extend from the bottom end toward the top end of main dielectric plate 301. Parasitic radiating patch 304 is positioned at the top end of auxiliary dielectric plate 302, with the projection of parasitic radiating patch 304 on auxiliary dielectric plate 302 partially overlapping with the projection of dipole radiating patch 303 on auxiliary dielectric plate 302. Furthermore, the width of microstrip line 305 satisfies the condition that its characteristic impedance is equal to the characteristic impedance at the port. By further adjusting the length of second vertical microstrip line 3053 to change the input impedance, port matching can be achieved.

[0056] Furthermore, in the first and second beam-tilt array element groups, each formed by mirror-symmetric eight beam-tilt array elements 3, the first beam-tilt array element group includes four beam-tilt array elements 3 oriented in the same direction. Specifically, the main dielectric plates 301 in the first beam-tilt array element group are all positioned near the side of the second beam-tilt array element group. Correspondingly, the second beam-tilt array element group also includes four beam-tilt array elements 3 oriented in the same direction. Specifically, the main dielectric plates 301 in the second beam-tilt array element group are all positioned near the side of the first beam-tilt array element group. In the first beam-tilt array element group, the microstrip lines 305 in two adjacent beam-tilt array elements 3 are mirror-imaged. Simultaneously, in the second beam-tilt array element group, the microstrip lines 305 in two adjacent beam-tilt array elements 3 are mirror-imaged. This results in an alternating arrangement of the feed positions of adjacent beam-tilt array elements 3, ensuring stable scanning performance.

[0057] Experimental example

[0058] 1. Test the beam scanning pattern of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in the embodiment at 6 GHz. The test results are as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0059] As can be seen from the figure, by changing the port phase difference, the beam achieves a scanning range of ±83° within a 3dB fluctuation range, achieving the technical effect of wide-angle scanning.

[0060] 2. The active reflection coefficient curves of each unit of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna provided in the test embodiment are shown in the figure when the main beam points to 0° and the maximum scanning angle is 83°. Figure 7-Figure 8 shown.

[0061] As can be seen from the figure, the gain is less than -10dB when the main beam is pointed at 0°, and less than -5dB when it is pointed at 83°. The operating range is 5.7GHz-6.3GHz.

[0062] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, characterized in that: include: Metal flooring; a beam splitting lens, spaced apart from the metal floor; a beam tilt array element group, disposed between the metal floor and the beam splitting lens, the beam tilt array element group comprising an even number of beam tilt array elements spaced apart, wherein pairs of the even number of beam tilt array elements are mirror-imaged relative to a midline of the metal floor; A feeding mechanism, one end of which is connected to the metal floor, and the other end of which is connected to the beam tilting array element; The beam tilting array element includes: a main dielectric plate, one end of which is connected to the metal floor, and the other end of which is spaced apart from the beam splitting lens; a secondary dielectric plate, arranged parallel to and spaced apart from the primary dielectric plate, one end of the secondary dielectric plate being connected to the metal floor, and the other end of the secondary dielectric plate being spaced apart from the beam splitting lens; A dipole radiation patch is provided on a surface of the main dielectric plate close to the auxiliary dielectric plate; a parasitic radiation patch, disposed on a side of the secondary dielectric plate away from the main dielectric plate, wherein a current phase difference of 0-π rad is formed between the dipole radiation patch and the parasitic radiation patch; a microstrip line, provided on a surface of the main dielectric plate away from the secondary dielectric plate, the microstrip line being connected to the feeding mechanism; The main dielectric plate and the auxiliary dielectric plate are both vertically connected to the metal floor, and the spacing between the main dielectric plate and the auxiliary dielectric plate is no more than 0.2λ; the main dielectric plate and the auxiliary dielectric plate are both rectangular plates, and the lengths of the main dielectric plate and the auxiliary dielectric plate are both 0.5λ-1.5λ, and the widths are both 0.4λ-1.2λ, where λ is the center frequency wavelength of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna.

2. The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dipole radiation patch includes a first dipole radiation patch and a second dipole radiation patch symmetrically arranged relative to the center line of the main dielectric plate. The first dipole radiation patch and the second dipole radiation patch have the same structure and both include an integrally formed first rectangular patch and a second rectangular patch. The length of the first rectangular patch is 0.2λ-0.5λ and the width is 0.05λ-0.3λ; the length of the second rectangular patch is 0.2λ-0.5λ and the width is 0.05λ-0.3λ, wherein λ is the center frequency wavelength of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna.

3. The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The parasitic radiation patch includes a first parasitic radiation patch and a second parasitic radiation patch symmetrically arranged relative to the midline of the secondary dielectric plate. The first parasitic radiation patch and the second parasitic radiation patch have the same shape and both include an integrally formed third rectangular patch and a fourth rectangular patch. The length of the third rectangular patch is 0.2λ-0.5λ and the width is 0.05λ-0.15λ; the length of the fourth rectangular patch is 0.05λ-0.15λ and the width is not greater than 0.15λ.

4. The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microstrip line is a gate-shaped structure with an open bottom, including a first vertical microstrip line, a horizontal microstrip line and a second vertical microstrip line connected in sequence, wherein the length of the first vertical microstrip line is 0.2λ-0.5λ, the length of the horizontal microstrip line is 0.1λ-0.5λ, and the length of the second vertical microstrip line is less than the length of the first vertical microstrip line.

5. The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main dielectric plates in the pairwise mirror-imaged beam tilt array elements are arranged relative to each other to form a first beam tilt array element group and a second beam tilt array element group that are mirror-symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line of the metal floor; in the first beam tilt array element group and the second beam tilt array element group, a spacing between two adjacent beam tilt array elements is no greater than 0.5λ.

6. The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the first beam tilt array element group and the second beam tilt array element group, the microstrip lines in two adjacent beam tilt array elements are arranged in a mirror image.

7. The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beam splitting lens is composed of a first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens and a second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens arranged with opposite top surfaces. The thickness of the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens increases in a direction away from the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens, and the thickness of the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens increases in a direction away from the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens. The length and width of the beam splitting lens are respectively the same as the length and width of the metal floor. The distance between the beam splitting lens and the metal floor is 0.5λ-1λ, the center thickness of the beam splitting lens is 0.03λ-0.3λ, and the dielectric constant of the beam splitting lens is 3-4.5, where λ is the center frequency wavelength of the wide-angle scanning phased array antenna.

8. The wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ends of the first wedge-shaped beam splitting lens and the second wedge-shaped beam splitting lens away from each other are both provided with a chamfer, and the angle of the chamfer is 10-80°; the metal floor is a rectangular plate, and the length of the metal floor is 3.2λ-4.5λ and the width is 0.5λ-1.5λ.

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