Unmanned aerial vehicle suitable for microwave reconnaissance interference equipment and equipment antenna arrangement method

Abstract

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle suitable for microwave reconnaissance interference equipment and an equipment antenna arrangement method, and belongs to the field of unmanned aerial vehicles. The unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a fuselage, wings and an empennage. The fuselage comprises a fuselage head, a fuselage body and a fuselage tail. The wings adopt upper single wings and are mounted at the top of the fuselage; the empennage is installed at the tail of the fuselage. The head of the fuselage adopts a nose cover made of wave-transparent materials, a plurality of forward interference antennas are mounted in the nose cover, lateral interference antennas and reconnaissance antenna arrays are mounted on fuselage skins on two sides of a fuselage main body, a plurality of backward interference antennas are mounted in an engine cover made of wave-transparent materials at the tail of the fuselage, and propellers at the tail end of the unmanned aerial vehicle are made of wave-transparent materials. Through the conformal design of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the antenna, the influence of the antenna on the aerodynamic performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle is reduced to the maximum extent, the aerodynamic layout of the unmanned aerial vehicle is optimized by combining the antenna arrangement, and the task antenna is not shielded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and in particular to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment and a method for arranging the antenna of the equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the growing demand for electronic countermeasures, microwave reconnaissance and jamming technology is playing an increasingly important role. A key branch of electronic countermeasures, microwave reconnaissance and jamming technology disrupts the flow of information and weakens command and control capabilities by interfering with, intercepting, or deceiving enemy radar signals, effectively reducing the effectiveness of countermeasures. Compared to ground-based fixed equipment, installing microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment on aircraft creates an aerial countermeasures platform, enabling rapid response to countermeasure commands and flexible adjustment of countermeasure strategies.

[0003] Microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment primarily consists of in-cabin equipment, reconnaissance antennas, and jamming antennas. The reconnaissance antenna array enables radar target range and direction finding, while the jamming antenna can jam radar targets in a specific direction. The reconnaissance antenna array consists of multiple reconnaissance antennas, and the antenna layout must meet specific baseline requirements. Consequently, the antenna array is relatively large, and both the reconnaissance and jamming antennas must be unobstructed in their operating directions. To meet these antenna installation requirements, existing microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment is typically installed on medium- to large-sized aircraft, such as transport aircraft or electronic warfare aircraft, creating specialized medium- to large-sized microwave reconnaissance and jamming aircraft.

[0004] Existing technology for installing microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment on medium- and large-sized aircraft typically involves attaching antennas to the fuselage surface via adapters and then wrapping them in fairings, or integrating the antennas into pods and hanging them from the underside of the wings. This presents the following major issues: 1. Adding antennas disrupts the aircraft's aerodynamic shape, significantly increasing aerodynamic drag and reducing flight performance; 2. Adding antennas to existing aircraft can cause parts of the aircraft structure to fall into the antenna's radiation zone, obstructing the antenna and limiting the aircraft's microwave reconnaissance and jamming capabilities to specific directions. Furthermore, medium- and large-sized aircraft have high operating and maintenance costs, and the cost of installing microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment for detection and jamming is also relatively high.

[0005] Based on the flexibility and low cost of drones, it is worth studying how to adapt microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment to drones and solve the defects of installing microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment on existing medium and large aircraft. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical issues to be solved: In order to avoid the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a drone suitable for microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment and a method for arranging the equipment antenna. Through the conformal design of the drone and the antenna, the impact of the antenna on the aerodynamic performance of the drone is minimized to the maximum extent. By combining the antenna arrangement with the optimization of the drone's aerodynamic layout, the mission antenna is unobstructed.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) suitable for carrying microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment, comprising a fuselage, wings and tail; the fuselage comprises a fuselage head, a fuselage main body and a fuselage tail; the wings are upper monoplanes and are installed on the top of the fuselage; the tail is installed at the tail of the fuselage; and the characteristics are: A nose cover made of a wave-transparent material is installed at the head of the fuselage, and a plurality of forward interference antennas are installed in the nose cover, with the antenna heads of the forward interference antennas facing the direction of the nose of the aircraft and tilted downward; A lateral antenna mounting area is provided on the fuselage skin on both sides of the fuselage body. The lateral antenna mounting area is located below the wing and is a plane with the normal of the plane tilted downward. A lateral jamming antenna and a reconnaissance antenna array are installed in the lateral antenna mounting area. A plurality of rearward-facing interference antennas are installed in the engine installation compartment at the rear of the fuselage, with the antenna heads of the rearward-facing interference antennas facing the rear of the aircraft and tilted downward. An engine cover for covering the engine installation compartment is located below the rear of the fuselage and is made of wave-transparent material. Among them, the forward jamming antenna, lateral jamming antenna, reconnaissance antenna array and rearward jamming antenna are all electrically connected to the airborne control equipment in the UAV. The airborne control equipment is used to receive instructions from the UAV control end, control the operation of each antenna, and transmit the reconnaissance information of the reconnaissance antenna array to the UAV control end.

[0008] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the propeller installed at the tail end of the UAV is made of wave-transmitting material to meet the wave transmittance requirement of the backward interference antenna.

[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is: the reconnaissance antenna array includes multiple reconnaissance antennas, and the lateral antenna mounting areas on both sides of the fuselage are symmetrically provided with multiple mounting holes, the antenna panels of the lateral interference antennas and the antenna panels of the reconnaissance antennas pass through the corresponding mounting holes, the antenna flanges of the lateral interference antennas and the antenna flanges of the reconnaissance antennas are both located in the fuselage skin, and the antenna flanges and the fuselage skin are fixedly connected.

[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is: a spacer is sandwiched between the antenna flange and the fuselage skin, and the spacer is used to adjust the downward tilt angle of the side-mounted antenna and the height of the antenna panel exposed from the fuselage skin.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is that a sealing structure is provided between the antenna flange and the fuselage skin, and the sealing structure is used to seal the mounting hole of the fuselage skin, and the sealing structure plays a role in waterproofing and dustproofing.

[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the lateral interference antenna and multiple reconnaissance antennas on the same side of the UAV are arranged in a straight line along the heading of the UAV and are installed symmetrically on both sides.

[0013] A further technical solution of the present invention is: a front bracket is installed in the nose cover, the front bracket is used to install the forward interference antenna and ensure the downward tilt angle of the forward interference antenna; a rear bracket is installed in the engine cover, the rear bracket is used to install the rear interference antenna and ensure the downward tilt angle of the rear interference antenna.

[0014] A further technical solution of the present invention is: the tail wing includes a tail strut, two tail struts are symmetrically arranged relative to the fuselage, one end of the tail strut is connected to one side of the wing, and the other end is equipped with a vertical tail, and a horizontal tail is installed between the vertical tails at the ends of the two tail struts, one end of the horizontal tail is connected to the left vertical tail, and the other end is connected to the right vertical tail.

[0015] A further technical solution of the present invention is: a launching device and a buffer device are installed at the bottom of the fuselage, the launching device is used for the rocket-assisted takeoff of the UAV, and the buffer device is used for landing cushioning of the UAV; a parachute device is installed on the top of the fuselage, and the parachute device is used for parachute recovery of the UAV.

[0016] A method for arranging antennas for a drone equipped with a microwave reconnaissance and jamming device, the method comprising: The forward jamming antenna 53 and the rearward jamming antenna 54 are determined according to the flight altitude of the UAV, the target altitude, the jamming target distance, and the flight pitch angle; the forward jamming antenna 53 is installed in the nose cover 47 of the UAV fuselage head 11 according to the downward tilt angle of the forward jamming antenna 53, and the rearward jamming antenna 54 is installed in the engine cover 48 of the UAV fuselage tail 13 according to the downward tilt angle of the rear jamming antenna 54; The downward tilt angle of the lateral jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna array is determined according to the UAV's flight altitude, target altitude, reconnaissance jamming target distance and flight inclination angle, and the lateral jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna array are installed on the fuselage skin 43 on both sides of the UAV according to the downward tilt angle of the lateral jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna array.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: A drone and antenna arrangement method suitable for microwave reconnaissance jamming equipment are provided. By conformally designing the drone and antenna, space is reserved within the drone's nose cover for a forward jamming antenna, and space is reserved within the engine cover at the rear of the drone for a rear jamming antenna. Lateral jamming antennas and a reconnaissance antenna array are mounted on the skin on both sides of the fuselage. The lateral jamming antennas and reconnaissance antenna arrays on both sides of the fuselage are symmetrically arranged and embedded within the fuselage skin, with only the antenna panels protruding from the skin. Furthermore, the forward and rear jamming antennas are each internally mounted within the drone, leaving them unexposed. This ensures the drone's aerodynamic shape and reduces its aerodynamic drag.

[0018] By using wave-transparent materials for the nose cover, engine cover, and tail propeller, the antenna signal will not be blocked; the wings are arranged on the top of the fuselage with an upper wing, which will not block the lateral interference antenna and reconnaissance antenna array located below the wing; the launch device and buffer device of the UAV are arranged at the bottom of the fuselage, and the parachute device is arranged on the top of the fuselage, which will not affect the front, rear, and side antenna radiation areas; at the same time, the forward interference antenna, rear interference antenna, lateral interference antenna, and reconnaissance antenna array are all installed at a certain angle downward. The above settings achieve effective coordination between the UAV structure and the antenna layout, ensuring that the UAV structure will not fall into the antenna radiation area, making the antenna's reconnaissance interference coverage angle and area wider.

[0019] The UAV, equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment, provides both wide-area lateral reconnaissance and omnidirectional jamming capabilities. Its reconnaissance antenna array provides lateral radar reconnaissance. By hovering, it can effectively detect and locate radars within the reconnaissance area for extended periods of time, while also employing lateral jamming capabilities to suppress them. The forward jamming capability provides cover for opposing forces advancing forward to strike targets. The rearward jamming capability ensures the safe retreat of both the opposing forces and the UAV itself.

[0020] The UAVs provided by this invention, which are suitable for microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment, are low-cost and easy to maintain. They can be deployed in large quantities and can create a suppressive electromagnetic advantage through swarm warfare. The UAVs are compact and have a low signature, providing enhanced concealment during missions. Furthermore, they are unmanned, eliminating the risk of casualties. The UAVs are capable of rocket-assisted takeoffs and parachute recovery, freeing them from the security constraints of airports and runways, and offering greater flexibility in takeoff and landing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the fuselage structure and antenna installation area according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a typical cross-sectional schematic diagram of a fuselage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the take-off and landing gear according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of mission antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a side-facing antenna on a fuselage according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the fuselage side interference antenna installation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a forward jamming antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a backward interference antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the lateral antenna radiation area (including the lateral jamming antenna and the reconnaissance antenna array) according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the forward interference antenna radiation area and the backward interference antenna radiation area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1—fuselage, 2—wing, 3—empennage; 11—fuselage head, 12—fuselage main body, 13—fuselage tail, 14—equipment hatch, 15—engine, 16—propeller, 17—launching device, 18—buffer device, 19—parachute device; 31—horizontal tail, 32—vertical tail, 33—tail strut; 41—fuselage beam, 42—fuselage frame, 43—fuselage skin, 44—lateral antenna installation area, 45—nose cover installation area, 46—engine cover installation area, 47—nose cover, 48—engine cover; 51—reconnaissance antenna, 52—lateral jamming antenna, 53—forward jamming antenna, 54—rear jamming antenna; 55—front bracket; 56—rear bracket; 61—sealing gasket; 62—pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The present invention provides an embodiment of a UAV suitable for installation of microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment. The overall design of the UAV is carried out based on the installation requirements of the microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment. A mission antenna radiation area is set around the UAV fuselage. There is no structural shielding in the antenna radiation area or the structure meets the antenna wave transmission requirements. The wing structure is arranged above the antenna radiation area, and the take-off and landing equipment is arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the fuselage outside the antenna radiation area. Specifically, Figures 1-4 As shown in FIG, the overall structure of the UAV includes a fuselage 1, wings 2, and tail 3. The fuselage 1 adopts a cylindrical single-body layout, and along its axial direction, it includes a fuselage head 11, a fuselage main body 12, and a fuselage tail 13. The fuselage head 11 and the fuselage tail 13 adopt a streamlined design, and the fuselage main body 12 is a frame structure with a uniform cross-section or a nearly uniform cross-section. The frame cross-section structure of the fuselage main body 12 is as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the fuselage main body 12 adopts a beam-frame load-bearing structure, mainly composed of four fuselage beams 41, multiple fuselage frames 42, and fuselage skin 43. The four fuselage beams 41 form the fuselage main frame along the fuselage axis, and the outer periphery is wrapped by the fuselage skin 43. The multiple fuselage frames 42 are perpendicular to the fuselage beams 41, dividing the fuselage interior into different compartments to facilitate the installation of onboard equipment. The nose cover mounting area 45 of the fuselage head 11 is equipped with a nose cover 47. Above the nose cover 47 is an equipment hatch 14. The equipment hatch 14 covers the top of the fuselage head 11 and the top front end of the fuselage main body 12. The equipment hatch 14 and the nose cover 47 are docked and matched together to form the streamlined shape of the fuselage head 11. The equipment hatch 14 is also docked and matched with the fuselage skin 43. The equipment hatch 14 can be opened to facilitate inspection and maintenance of the equipment in the fuselage compartment. The engine 15 of the UAV is installed in the engine installation compartment of the tail part 13 of the fuselage. Below the tail part 13 of the fuselage is the engine cover installation area 46. The engine cover 48 is installed in the engine cover installation area 46 to cover the engine installation compartment. The output end of the engine 15 extends out of the engine installation compartment toward the tail of the fuselage and is connected to the propeller 16. The engine 15 drives the propeller 16 to rotate to provide power for the flight of the UAV. The propeller 16 is made of wave-transparent material. The wing 2 adopts an upper monoplane, and the two wings 2 are symmetrically installed on the top of the fuselage. The tail 3 includes a tail strut 33. The two tail struts 33 are symmetrically arranged relative to the fuselage 1. One end of the tail strut 33 is connected to the trailing edge of one side of the wing 2, and the other end is installed with a vertical tail 32. A horizontal tail 31 is installed between the vertical tails 32 at the ends of the two tail struts 33. One end of the horizontal tail 31 is connected to the left vertical tail, and the other end is connected to the right vertical tail. As shown Figure 4 As shown, the bottom of the fuselage 1 is equipped with a launcher 17 and a buffer device 18. The launcher 17 is used for the UAV's rocket-assisted takeoff, and the buffer device 18 is used to cushion the UAV's landing. A parachute device 19 is installed on the top of the fuselage, which uses an upward parachute to deploy and achieve parachute recovery of the UAV. The overall layout of the UAV in this embodiment ensures that there is no structural obstruction to the side, front, and rear of the fuselage.

[0026] The UAV of the present invention is equipped with microwave reconnaissance jamming equipment, and a mission antenna is installed around the UAV. The radiation area of ​​the mission antenna is unobstructed, and the installation of the mission antenna on the UAV does not affect the aerodynamic performance of the UAV.

[0027] Specifically, such as Figure 5 、 Figure 8 As shown, the nose cover 47 of the fuselage head 11 is made of wave-transparent material, and multiple forward jamming antennas 53 are installed in the cabin inside the nose cover 47. The antenna head of the forward jamming antenna 53 faces the direction of the fuselage head and is deflected downward by a certain angle. The forward jamming antenna 53 is installed on the fuselage frame 42 inside the fuselage head 11 through a front bracket 55. The downward tilt angle of the forward jamming antenna 53 is ensured by the front bracket 55. The front bracket 55 is a frame structure, one end of which is fixedly connected to the fuselage frame 42, and the other end is an inclined surface. The inclined surface of the front bracket 55 is tilted downward by a certain angle. The inclined surface is used to install the forward jamming antenna 53. Therefore, the downward tilt angle of the inclined surface of the front bracket 55 is the angle at which the forward jamming antenna 53 is deflected downward. Since the nose cover 47 is made of wave-transparent material, the wave transmittance requirements of the forward jamming antenna 53 are met, and the transmission and reception of the antenna electromagnetic signal are not affected. The number of forward jamming antennas 53 installed is set according to demand. Installing multiple antennas makes the interference coverage angle and area wider.

[0028] The calculation formula for the installation downtilt angle of the forward interference antenna 53 is:

[0029] In this embodiment, a typical target is set. For example, the flight altitude of the UAV during cruising is 4 km, the target altitude is 0.5 km, the interference target distance is 20 km, and the flight pitch angle in the cruising state is 3 degrees. According to the formula, the installation downward tilt angle of the forward interference antenna is calculated to be 13 degrees. The installation angle of the forward interference antenna 53 is ensured by the front bracket 55, that is, the downward tilt angle of the inclined surface of the front bracket 55 is 13 degrees.

[0030] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5As shown, a lateral antenna installation area 44 is provided on the fuselage skin 43 on both sides of the fuselage main body 12. The lateral antenna installation area 44 is located between the upper and lower fuselage beams 41 and below the wing 2. The antenna installation area 44 is a plane area on the fuselage skin 43, and the normal of the plane is tilted downward. The lateral interference antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna array are installed in the lateral antenna installation area 44. The reconnaissance antenna array includes 6 reconnaissance antennas 51. The antenna installation position is determined according to the antenna baseline requirements, and the installation holes are opened on the fuselage skin 43 according to the antenna shape. Specifically, the lateral interference antenna 52 and the 6 reconnaissance antennas 51 on the same side of the UAV are arranged in a straight line along the heading of the UAV, wherein the lateral interference antenna 52 is close to the nose end of the UAV, and the distance between them meets the antenna baseline requirements. The lateral interference antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna 51 are both installed on the fuselage skin 43 in the lateral antenna installation area 44. As shown Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, the side jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna 51 have the same external structure, with an antenna panel at one end and an antenna flange for mounting at the other. The side jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna 51 are installed in the same manner, and the side jamming antenna 52 is used as an example for illustration. A mounting hole is provided on the fuselage skin 43 in the side antenna mounting area 44. The antenna panel of the side jamming antenna 52 extends through the mounting hole. The antenna flange of the side jamming antenna 52 is located within the fuselage skin 43, and the antenna flange and the fuselage skin 43 are fixedly connected by fasteners. Because the fuselage skin 43 in the side antenna mounting area 44 is tilted downward, the side jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna 51 are tilted downward. The downward tilt angle of the side jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna 51 is ensured by the downward tilt angle of the fuselage skin 43 in the side antenna mounting area 44. In order to ensure the sealing between the side-mounted antenna and the mounting hole of the fuselage skin 43, a sealant is applied to the contact surface between the antenna flange and the fuselage skin 43, or a sealing gasket 61 is installed between the contact surface between the antenna flange and the fuselage skin 43. The sealant or the sealing gasket 61 achieves the sealing of the contact surface between the fuselage skin 43 and the antenna flange, playing a role in waterproofing and dustproofing. If the downward tilt angle of the fuselage skin 43 in the side antenna mounting area 44 cannot meet the downward tilt installation angle requirements of the side jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna array, this can be achieved by installing a spacer 62 between the fuselage skin 43 and the antenna flange. Figure 6As shown, the spacer 62 has the same profile as the antenna flange and has a certain tilt angle. A through-hole is provided at its center for the antenna panel to pass through. The spacer 62 is glued to the fuselage skin 43 so that the through-hole at its center is coaxial with the mounting hole in the fuselage skin 43. The spacer 62 is provided with multiple screw holes that correspond to the screw holes in the antenna flange, and the two are fixed together using screws. The tilt angle of the spacer 62 adjusts the downward tilt installation angle of the lateral jamming antenna 52 and the reconnaissance antenna 51. While adjusting the downward tilt angle, the spacer 62 also adjusts the height of the antenna panel exposed above the mounting hole in the fuselage skin 43. The exposed height of the antenna panel is adjusted by the thickness of the spacer 62; the thicker the spacer 62, the lower the exposed height of the antenna panel. If only the height of the antenna panel's mounting hole exposed on the fuselage skin 43 needs to be adjusted, without adjusting the antenna's downtilt angle, this can be achieved by adding a non-tilted spacer 62. In this case, both mounting surfaces of the added spacer 62 (i.e., the mounting surface with the fuselage skin 43 and the mounting surface with the antenna flange) are parallel. To ensure a tight seal, a sealing gasket 61 is sandwiched between the antenna flange and the spacer 62.

[0031] To facilitate the installation of the side antennas, the fuselage skin 43 in the side antenna installation area adopts a composite laminate structure. The skin in other areas of the fuselage adopts a composite honeycomb sandwich structure, which can improve the skin rigidity.

[0032] The downtilt angle calculation formula for side-mounted antennas is:

[0033] In this embodiment, typical targets are set: a cruising drone altitude of 4 km, a target altitude of 0.5 km, a reconnaissance and jamming target range of 20 km, and a flight tilt angle of 0 degrees in straight flight. The formula calculates the lateral antenna installation downtilt angle to be 10 degrees. This angle corresponds to the downtilt angle of the fuselage skin 43 within the lateral antenna installation area 44. If the downtilt angle of the fuselage skin 43 does not meet the downtilt angle requirement for the lateral antenna installation, it can be adjusted by installing a spacer 62. It includes a lateral jamming antenna 52 and a reconnaissance antenna array. The reconnaissance antenna array realizes radar target ranging and direction finding, and the jamming antenna realizes radar target jamming and deception in a specific direction.

[0034] like Figure 9As shown, a reserved installation space is provided below the engine 15 in the engine installation bay at the tail section 13 of the fuselage, where multiple rearward-facing jamming antennas 54 are installed. The antenna heads of the rearward-facing jamming antennas 54 face the tail of the aircraft and are deflected downward at a predetermined angle. The engine cover 48 located below the tail section 13 is made of wave-transparent material. The rearward-facing jamming antennas 54 are mounted on the fuselage frame 42 within the tail section 13 via a rear bracket 56. The rear bracket 56 ensures the downward tilt angle of the rearward-facing jamming antennas 54. The rear bracket 56 has the same structure as the front bracket 55, both being frame structures. One end of the rear bracket 56 is fixedly connected to the fuselage frame 42 within the tail section 13 of the fuselage, while the other end is an inclined surface. The inclined surface of the rear bracket 56 is tilted downward at a predetermined angle for mounting the rearward-facing jamming antennas 54. Therefore, the downward tilt angle of the inclined surface of the rear bracket 56 is the downward deflection angle of the rearward-facing jamming antennas 54. Because the engine cover 48 is made of a wave-transparent material, and the propeller 16 at the tail is also made of a wave-transparent material, it meets the wave transmittance requirements of the rearward jamming antenna 54 and does not affect the antenna's electromagnetic signal transmission and reception. The number of rearward jamming antennas 54 installed is also set according to needs. Installing multiple antennas can provide a wider interference coverage angle and area.

[0035] The calculation formula for the installation downtilt angle of the backward interference antenna 54 is:

[0036] In this embodiment, a typical target is set: a cruising drone altitude of 4 km, a target altitude of 0.5 km, a jamming target distance of 20 km, and a cruising flight pitch angle of 3 degrees. According to the formula, the downward tilt angle of the rear jamming antenna 54 is calculated to be 7 degrees. The mounting angle of the rear jamming antenna 54 is ensured by the rear bracket 56, i.e., the inclined surface of the rear bracket 56 has a downward tilt angle of 7 degrees.

[0037] The fuselage cabin is equipped with airborne control equipment. The forward jamming antenna 53, the side jamming antenna 52, the reconnaissance antenna 51 and the rear jamming antenna 54 are all electrically connected to the airborne control equipment in the UAV. The airborne control equipment is used to receive control instructions from the UAV control end, control the operation of each task antenna, and transmit the information reconnaissance by the antenna array to the UAV control end.

[0038] It should be noted that the installation angles of the reconnaissance antenna array and the jamming antenna are mainly determined by the distance to the typical target. In this embodiment, the typical target distance is set to 20km, which is the target distance for reconnaissance and jamming. The flight altitude is the flight altitude set for the drone, and the target altitude is set to 0.5km as the typical target is on the ground. When the antenna is working, there is a certain radiation sweep angle range relative to the antenna axis. The schematic diagram of the lateral antenna radiation area in this embodiment is shown in Figure 10 , the schematic diagram of the forward and backward antenna radiation areas is shown in Figure 11, it can effectively detect or interfere with targets within the antenna radiation angle range, forming a wide-area microwave reconnaissance and interference countermeasure capability.

[0039] The antenna arrangement of this invention meets the UAV's requirement for continuous detection of enemy radars in the reconnaissance area and provides comprehensive radar jamming suppression capabilities, thereby improving the carrier's survivability. This invention effectively matches the UAV structure with the antenna arrangement, ensuring the UAV structure does not obstruct the antenna. The conformal design of the antenna and the UAV minimizes the antenna's impact on the UAV's aerodynamic performance, avoiding the increased flight drag associated with traditional antenna deployments, such as in pods.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) suitable for carrying microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment, comprising a fuselage, wings, and tail; the fuselage comprises a head, a main body, and a tail; the wings are upper monoplanes mounted on the top of the fuselage; and the tail is mounted on the tail of the fuselage; and the characteristics are: A nose cover made of wave-transparent material is installed on the head of the fuselage, and a plurality of forward interference antennas are installed in the nose cover, with the antenna heads of the forward interference antennas facing the direction of the nose of the aircraft and tilted downward; A lateral antenna mounting area is provided on the fuselage skin on both sides of the fuselage body. The lateral antenna mounting area is located below the wing and is a plane with the normal of the plane tilted downward. A lateral jamming antenna and a reconnaissance antenna array are installed in the lateral antenna mounting area. A plurality of rearward-facing interference antennas are installed in the engine installation compartment at the rear of the fuselage, with the antenna heads of the rearward-facing interference antennas facing the rear of the aircraft and tilted downward. An engine cover for covering the engine installation compartment is located below the rear of the fuselage and is made of wave-transparent material. Among them, the forward jamming antenna, lateral jamming antenna, reconnaissance antenna array and rearward jamming antenna are all electrically connected to the airborne control equipment in the UAV. The airborne control equipment is used to receive instructions from the UAV control end, control the operation of each antenna, and transmit the reconnaissance information of the reconnaissance antenna array to the UAV control end.

2. The UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The propeller installed at the tail end of the drone is made of wave-transparent material to meet the wave transmittance requirements of the rear interference antenna.

3. The UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reconnaissance antenna array includes multiple reconnaissance antennas. The lateral antenna mounting areas on both sides of the fuselage are symmetrically provided with multiple mounting holes. The antenna panels of the lateral interference antenna and the antenna panels of the reconnaissance antenna pass through the corresponding mounting holes. The antenna flanges of the lateral interference antenna and the antenna flanges of the reconnaissance antenna are both located inside the fuselage skin, and the antenna flanges are fixedly connected to the fuselage skin.

4. The UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A pad is sandwiched between the antenna flange and the fuselage skin, and the pad is used to adjust the downward tilt angle of the side-mounted antenna and the height of the antenna panel exposed from the fuselage skin.

5. The UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A sealing structure is provided between the antenna flange and the fuselage skin, and the sealing structure is used to seal the mounting hole of the fuselage skin to achieve waterproof and dustproof effects.

6. The UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The lateral jamming antenna and multiple reconnaissance antennas on the same side of the UAV are arranged in a line along the UAV's heading and are installed symmetrically on both sides.

7. The UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A front bracket is installed in the nose cover, which is used to install the forward interference antenna and ensure the downward tilt angle of the forward interference antenna; a rear bracket is installed in the engine cover, which is used to install the rear interference antenna and ensure the downward tilt angle of the rear interference antenna.

8. The UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail wing includes a tail strut, which is symmetrically arranged relative to the fuselage. One end of the tail strut is connected to one side of the wing, and the other end is equipped with a vertical tail. A horizontal tail is installed between the vertical tails at the ends of the two tail struts, and one end of the horizontal tail is connected to the left vertical tail, and the other end is connected to the right vertical tail.

9. The UAV equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A launching device and a buffer device are installed at the bottom of the fuselage. The launching device is used for the rocket-assisted takeoff of the UAV, and the buffer device is used for landing cushioning of the UAV. A parachute device is installed on the top of the fuselage, and the parachute device is used for parachute recovery of the UAV.

10. A method for arranging antennas for a drone equipped with microwave reconnaissance and jamming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Determine the downward tilt angle of the forward jamming antenna and the downward tilt angle of the rear jamming antenna according to the flight altitude of the UAV, the target altitude, the jamming target distance, and the flight pitch angle; install the forward jamming antenna in the nose cover at the head of the UAV according to the downward tilt angle of the forward jamming antenna; install the rear jamming antenna in the engine cover at the tail of the UAV according to the downward tilt angle of the rear jamming antenna; The downward tilt angle of the lateral jamming antenna and the reconnaissance antenna array is determined according to the UAV's flight altitude, target altitude, reconnaissance jamming target distance and flight inclination angle, and the lateral jamming antenna and the reconnaissance antenna array are installed on the skin on both sides of the UAV's fuselage according to the downward tilt angle of the lateral jamming antenna and the reconnaissance antenna array.

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