Neutralizer system for neutral beam injection

Abstract

The invention discloses a neutralizer system for neutral beam injection, and relates to the field of controllable nuclear fusion auxiliary heating method neutral beam injection. A neutralizer system for neutral beam injection includes a neutralizer device, an ion source, a vacuum chamber. The neutralizer device comprises a neutralizer, and the neutralizer is arranged outside the vacuum chamber and connected with the vacuum chamber. The neutralizer comprises a shell and a neutralizer body, the shell defines a containing space, the neutralizer body is contained in the containing space and comprises a plurality of heat exchange plates, the heat exchange plates are connected and jointly define a beam channel, the beam channel is located between the ion source and the vacuum chamber, liquid flow channels are formed in the heat exchange plates, and heat exchange media can circulate in the liquid flow channels. The neutralizer is arranged outside the vacuum chamber, so that the neutralizer system does not need to be subjected to vacuum breaking during maintenance, the maintenance and the installation are convenient, in addition, the internal space of the vacuum chamber can be prevented from being occupied, and the design difficulty of the vacuum chamber is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of neutral beam injection of a controlled nuclear fusion auxiliary heating method, and in particular to a neutralizer system for neutral beam injection. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, neutral beam injection (NBI) is one of the common heating methods for controllable magnetic confinement nuclear fusion tokamaks. The existing neutralizer system for neutral beam injection places the neutralizer inside the vacuum chamber, which is inconvenient to install, repair and maintain. In addition, the neutralizer occupies the vacuum chamber space, resulting in the need to increase the size of the vacuum chamber. However, the size of the vacuum chamber is limited by the performance of the cryopump and should not be set too large, making the design of the vacuum chamber a difficult issue. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one objective of the present invention is to provide a neutralizer system for neutral beam injection. This neutralizer system positions the neutralizer outside the vacuum chamber, facilitating maintenance and avoiding occupying space within the vacuum chamber, thereby reducing the complexity of vacuum chamber design.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a neutralizer system for neutral beam injection includes: a neutralizer device, an ion source, and a vacuum chamber. The neutralizer device includes a neutralizer, and the neutralizer is arranged outside the vacuum chamber and connected to the vacuum chamber. The neutralizer includes: a shell, and the shell defines a receiving space; a neutralizer body, and the neutralizer body is received in the receiving space and includes a plurality of heat exchange plates. The plurality of heat exchange plates are connected and jointly define a beam channel, and the beam channel is located between the ion source and the vacuum chamber. The heat exchange plates are formed with liquid flow channels, and a heat exchange medium can flow through the liquid flow channels.

[0005] According to the neutralizer system of the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging the neutralizer outside the vacuum chamber, there is no need to break the vacuum of the neutralizer system during maintenance, which facilitates maintenance and installation. In addition, it avoids occupying the internal space of the vacuum chamber, reducing the difficulty of vacuum chamber design.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, along an extension direction of the beam channel, the neutralizer body has a first end and a second end opposite to each other, and a cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel gradually decreases from the first end to the second end.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an end portion of the heat exchange plate corresponding to the first end has a rounded chamfer.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of heat exchange plates are constructed into a plurality of heat exchange plate groups, which are arranged around to define the bundle channel, and each heat exchange plate group includes a plurality of heat exchange plates arranged along the extension direction of the bundle channel.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is a gap between two adjacent heat exchange plates along the extension direction of the bundle channel, and the gap includes: a first gap and a second gap, the first gap is connected to the second gap, and the first gap extends along the extension direction of the bundle channel.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange plate includes: a cover plate and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is formed with the liquid flow channel, the cover plate is connected to the bottom plate and covers the liquid flow channel, the cover plate is formed with a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole, and the liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet hole are both connected to the liquid flow channel.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a pipeline assembly, the pipeline assembly including: a plurality of liquid inlet branches and a plurality of liquid return branches, the liquid inlet holes of the plurality of heat exchange plates are the same in number as the plurality of liquid inlet branches and are connected one-to-one, the liquid outlet holes of the plurality of heat exchange plates are the same in number as the plurality of liquid return branches and are connected one-to-one, so that the plurality of liquid flow channels are connected in parallel.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid flow channel includes: a plurality of first sub-channels and a second sub-channel, the plurality of first sub-channels are arranged at intervals and are all connected to the second sub-channel, and the surface of the first sub-channel is a curved surface.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a strain relief notch is formed on the cover plate, and the strain relief notch penetrates the cover plate along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a plurality of first mounting plates, each of the first mounting plates being connected to the plurality of the heat exchange plates, at least one second mounting plate, the second mounting plate being sleeved on the outside of the plurality of the first mounting plates to fix the plurality of the first mounting plates, the first mounting plates and the second mounting plates being both accommodated in the accommodation space, and the second mounting plate being connected to the shell.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a mounting bracket received in the receiving space and connected to the housing, and the second mounting plate is connected to the mounting bracket.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of heat exchange plates include at least one top heat exchange plate, at least one bottom heat exchange plate, at least one first side heat exchange plate, and at least one second side heat exchange plate. The plurality of first mounting plates include: a top mounting plate, a bottom mounting plate, a first side mounting plate, and a second side mounting plate. The top mounting plate is connected to the top heat exchange plate, the bottom mounting plate is connected to the bottom heat exchange plate, the first side mounting plate is connected to the first side heat exchange plate, and the second side mounting plate is connected to the second side heat exchange plate.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange plate includes: a mounting member, the mounting member includes a first sub-mounting member and a second sub-mounting member, the first sub-mounting member and the second sub-mounting member are connected, and along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second sub-mounting member is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting member, the first mounting plate has a matching hole, the second sub-mounting member is inserted into the matching hole, and the size of the matching hole is larger than the size of the second sub-mounting member.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: at least one gas supply pipe, there are multiple neutralizers, the multiple neutralizers are configured into at least one neutralizer group, the gas supply pipes are the same in number as the neutralizer groups and correspond one-to-one, and the gas supply pipes are used to supply gas to the neutralizers of the corresponding neutralizer groups.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a plurality of mounting seats, the ion source and the neutralizer are both multiple, the multiple ion sources, the multiple mounting seats, and the multiple neutralizers correspond one to one, and the mounting seats are connected between the corresponding ion sources and the corresponding neutralizers.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a mounting frame, a plug-in valve, the plug-in valve being arranged in the vacuum chamber, a plurality of the neutralizers being arranged in the plug-in valve, and a plurality of the neutralizers being arranged in the mounting frame; and / or the neutralizers partially overlap with the corresponding mounting seats along the extension direction of the beam channel.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1is a schematic diagram of a neutralizer system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a partial structure of a neutralizer system according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a partial structure of a neutralizer system according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a neutralizer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a neutralizer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a pipeline assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a neutralizer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Reference numerals: Neutralizer device 1; neutralizer 11; housing 111; receiving space 112; neutralizer body 113; heat exchange plate 114; cover plate 1141; strain relief notch 11411; bottom plate 1142; bundle channel 1143; liquid flow channel 1144; first sub-flow channel 11441; second sub-flow channel 11442; liquid inlet 1145; liquid outlet 1146; top heat exchange plate 1147a; bottom heat exchange plate 1147b; first side heat exchange plate 1147c; second side heat exchange plate 1147d; mounting member 1148; first sub-mounting member 11481; second sub-mounting member 11482; fillet 1149; first end 115; second end 116; heat exchange plate assembly 117; gap 118; first gap 1181; second gap 1182; neutralizer assembly 12; Ion source 2; vacuum chamber 3; Pipeline assembly 4; liquid inlet branch 41; liquid return branch 42; First mounting plate 5; matching hole 51; Second mounting plate 6; mounting bracket 7; air supply pipe 8; Mounting seat 91; mounting frame 92; gate valve 93; Neutralizer system 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] Reference below Figures 1-8 A neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam implantation according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0026] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam implantation according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a neutralizer device 1, an ion source 2, and a vacuum chamber 3. The neutralizer device 1 includes a neutralizer 11, which is disposed outside the vacuum chamber 3 and connected to the vacuum chamber 3. The neutralizer 11 includes: a housing 111 and a neutralizer body 113. The housing 111 defines a receiving space 112. The neutralizer body 113 is received in the receiving space 112 and includes a plurality of heat exchange plates 114. The plurality of heat exchange plates 114 are connected and collectively define a beam channel 1143. The beam channel 1143 is located between the ion source 2 and the vacuum chamber 3. The heat exchange plates 114 are formed with liquid flow channels 1144, through which a heat exchange medium can flow.

[0027] Among them, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection can be used to pass the fast ions generated by the ion source 2 through a material target (for example, a gas target) to cause charge transfer collisions between some of the fast ions and the material target to form a neutral particle beam. The formed neutral particle beam can be used to assist in heating the tokamak device for controlled nuclear fusion. This heating method is highly efficient and has a relatively clear physical mechanism.

[0028] Specifically, the ion source 2 can generate fast ions. Along the flow direction of the fast ions, the neutralizer device 1 can be located behind the ion source 2, and the fast ions can be extracted to the neutralizer device 1 via high voltage. In some embodiments of the present application, the cross-sectional shape of the neutralizer device 1 is the same as that of the ion source 2, and the cross-sectional shape of the ion source 2 is slightly larger than the cross-sectional shape of the neutralizer device 1. This arrangement facilitates the fast ion beam flow to the neutralizer 11.

[0029] The neutralizer device 1 includes a neutralizer 11, which includes a housing 111 and a neutralizer body 113. The housing 111 defines a receiving space 112, and the neutralizer body 113 is received in the receiving space 112. Within the neutralizer device 1, fast ions can undergo charge transfer with a gas target to generate neutral particles. Multiple neutral particles can form a neutral particle beam, which can enter the vacuum chamber 3 and pass through deflection magnets and drift channels disposed within the vacuum chamber 3 before converging within the tokamak device to ignite the plasma. Fast ions that are not neutralized can be absorbed by the ion eater via the deflection magnets.

[0030] As some embodiments of this application, Figure 1 As shown, the neutralizer assembly 1 may include at least one neutralizer 11. The neutralizer assembly 1 may include one, three, or six neutralizers 11. The number of neutralizers 11 may be adjusted based on usage needs. The power of multiple ion sources 2 corresponding to multiple neutralizers 11 may be superimposed to increase the heating energy intensity of the neutralizer system 10.

[0031] The neutralizer body 113 includes multiple heat exchange plates 114, and the multiple heat exchange plates 114 can be located between the ion source 2 and the vacuum chamber 3. The multiple heat exchange plates 114 are connected to jointly define a beam channel 1143. The beam channel 1143 is located between the ion source 2 and the vacuum chamber 3, and the neutral particle beam can flow to the vacuum chamber 3 through the beam channel 1143.

[0032] During the formation of the neutral particle beam, beam bombardment generates heat, and the neutral particle beam accumulates heat. When the neutral particle beam flows into the beam channel 1143, it collides with the heat exchange plate 114, transferring heat to the heat exchange plate 114. Multiple heat exchange plates 114 are each formed with a liquid flow channel 1144, through which a relatively low-temperature heat exchange medium flows. The heat exchange medium absorbs heat from the heat exchange plate 114, thereby indirectly cooling the neutral particle beam flowing through the beam channel 1143. This reduces the risk of the neutral particle beam burning or even puncturing the neutralizer 11, thereby improving the reliability of the neutralizer system 10. In some embodiments of the present application, the heat exchange medium can be water, which has low cost, high specific heat capacity, and does not introduce impurities (in the event of leakage). In some embodiments of the present application, the heat exchange medium can be an ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

[0033] Furthermore, compared to related art solutions that place the neutralizer within the vacuum chamber, the neutralizer system 10 of the present application places the neutralizer 11 outside the vacuum chamber 3 and connects the neutralizer 11 to the vacuum chamber 3. This allows the neutral particle beam to flow through the neutralizer 11 into the vacuum chamber 3 while preventing the neutralizer 11 from occupying space within the vacuum chamber 3. This reduces the size of the vacuum chamber 3 and, in turn, aligns the size of the vacuum chamber 3 with the performance of the cryopump (cryopump performance constrains the size of the vacuum chamber 3, making it difficult to design the vacuum chamber 3 too large). Furthermore, placing the neutralizer 11 outside the vacuum chamber 3 facilitates maintenance and repair of the neutralizer 11. This eliminates the need to break the vacuum in the neutralizer system 10 during maintenance, reducing operational difficulty and saving time and cost.

[0034] In the above embodiment, by arranging the neutralizer 11 outside the vacuum chamber 3, it is not necessary to break the vacuum of the neutralizer system 10 during maintenance, which facilitates maintenance and installation. In addition, it avoids occupying the internal space of the vacuum chamber 3, thereby reducing the difficulty of designing the vacuum chamber 3.

[0035] As some embodiments of the present application, the shell 111 can be made of a high magnetic permeability material, for example, the shell 111 can be made of industrial soft iron to shield the interference of the tokamak diffuse magnetic field on the neutral particle beam.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, along the extension direction (ie, the first direction) of the beam channel 1143 , the neutralizer body 113 has a first end 115 and a second end 116 opposite to each other. From the first end 115 to the second end 116 , the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel 1143 gradually decreases.

[0037] In particular, along the extension direction of beam channel 1143, specifically, along the direction from ion source 2 toward vacuum chamber 3, neutralizer body 113 may have opposing first and second ends 115 and 116. The cross-sectional area of ​​beam channel 1143 may gradually decrease from first end 115 to second end 116 to achieve a beam contraction effect, thereby improving energy deposition efficiency, reducing energy loss, and effectively converting the kinetic energy of the neutral electron beam into thermal energy, thereby enhancing the auxiliary heating effect of neutral beam injection. In some embodiments of the present application, along a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of beam channel 1143, the cross-section of beam channel 1143 is rectangular. This configuration is structurally sound and facilitates manufacturing and assembly.

[0038] As some embodiments of the present application, along the direction from the ion source 2 to the vacuum chamber 3 , the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel 1143 can be gradually reduced by reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​at least part of the heat exchange plate 114 .

[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1As shown, the end portion of the heat exchange plate 114 corresponding to the first end 115 has a rounded chamfer 1149 . The rounded chamfer 1149 can increase the heated area, which is beneficial for heat dissipation, thereby improving the cooling effect on the neutral particle beam.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 4 As shown, the multiple heat exchange plates 114 are constructed into multiple heat exchange plate groups 117 , which are arranged around to define a beam channel 1143 . Each heat exchange plate group 117 includes multiple heat exchange plates 114 arranged along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143 .

[0041] The number of heat exchange plates 114 can be six, eight, ten, etc., and the multiple heat exchange plates 114 can be configured as multiple heat exchange plate groups 117. The multiple heat exchange plate groups 117 can be arranged in a circumferential manner to define the beam channel 1143. The number of heat exchange plates 114 in each heat exchange plate group 117 can be two, three, or four. The multiple heat exchange plates 114 in each heat exchange plate group 117 can be arranged along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143. This arrangement is structurally sound. By increasing the number of heat exchange plates 114 in each heat exchange plate group 117, the length of each heat exchange plate 114 can be reduced, facilitating manufacturing. It can also reduce the flow path of the heat exchange medium in each heat exchange plate 114, allowing the heat exchange medium in each heat exchange plate 114 to absorb a certain amount of heat before flowing out of the heat exchange plate 114, thereby reducing the probability of overheating of the heat exchange medium in each heat exchange plate 114 and improving the heat exchange effect.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 8 As shown, along the extension direction of the bundle channel 1143 , there is a gap 118 between two adjacent heat exchange plates 114 . The gap 118 includes: a first gap 1181 and a second gap 1182 . The first gap 1181 is connected to the second gap 1182 , and the first gap 1181 extends along the extension direction of the bundle channel 1143 .

[0043] It is understood that the heat exchange plates 114 absorb heat during the cooling process of the neutral electron beam, which causes the plates 114 to expand. Along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, a gap 118 may be provided between two adjacent heat exchange plates 114. When the heat exchange plates 114 expand due to heat, the gap 118 provides space for the heat exchange plates 114 to expand, allowing them to release thermal stress generated by the heat, thereby reducing the risk of adjacent heat exchange plates 114 being squeezed against each other due to expansion (which could cause structural deformation).

[0044] Furthermore, the gap 118 can be constructed into a "Z" shape, a "L" shape, etc. The gap 118 can include a first gap 1181 and a second gap 1182. The first gap 1181 can be connected to the second gap 1182, and the first gap 1181 can extend along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143. Compared with the design scheme in which the gap 118 extends in a straight line (the straight line extension of the gap 118 can be understood as the gap 118 extending in the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114), this setting can reduce the risk of neutral particles in the beam channel 1143 escaping from the beam channel 1143 through the gap 118, thereby reducing the loss of neutral particles.

[0045] As some embodiments of this application, Figure 8 As shown, the first gap 1181 extends along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, and the second gap 1182 extends along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114. There are two second gaps 1182, and the first gap 1181 is connected between the two second gaps 1182 to form a "Z"-shaped gap 118.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, the heat exchange plate 114 includes: a cover plate 1141 and a bottom plate 1142, the bottom plate 1142 is formed with a liquid flow channel 1144, the cover plate 1141 is connected to the bottom plate 1142 and covers the liquid flow channel 1144, the cover plate 1141 is formed with a liquid inlet hole 1145 and a liquid outlet hole 1146, and the liquid inlet hole 1145 and the liquid outlet hole 1146 are both connected to the liquid flow channel 1144.

[0047] The cover plate 1141 can be stacked with the bottom plate 1142 along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114, and the cover plate 1141 can be fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1142 (for example, bolt connection, clamp connection), and the bottom plate 1142 can be formed with a liquid flow channel 1144, and the cover plate 1141 can cover the liquid flow channel 1144, so that the heat exchange plate 114 and the outside world (the outside world can be understood as the part outside the heat exchange plate 114) can only be connected through the liquid inlet hole 1145 and the liquid outlet hole 1145. 6, the liquid inlet hole 1145 and the liquid outlet hole 1146 can both be connected to the liquid flow channel 1144. A relatively low-temperature heat exchange medium can flow into the liquid flow channel 1144 through the liquid inlet hole 1145. The relatively low-temperature heat exchange medium can absorb the heat of the heat exchange plate 114 and become a relatively high-temperature heat exchange medium. The relatively high-temperature heat exchange medium can then flow out of the heat exchange plate 114 through the liquid outlet hole 1146, thereby achieving the effect of cooling the neutral electron beam through the heat exchange plate 114. This arrangement can make the structure of the heat exchange plate 114 reasonable and facilitate manufacturing.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 and Figure 7As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection further includes: a piping assembly 4, the piping assembly 4 includes: a plurality of liquid inlet branches 41 and a plurality of liquid return branches 42, the liquid inlet holes 1145 of the plurality of heat exchange plates 114 are the same in number as the plurality of liquid inlet branches 41 and are connected one-to-one, the liquid outlet holes 1146 of the plurality of heat exchange plates 114 are the same in number as the plurality of liquid return branches 42 and are connected one-to-one, so that the plurality of liquid flow channels 1144 are connected in parallel.

[0049] The number of liquid inlet branches 41 can be four, six, eight, etc. The liquid inlet holes 1145 of the multiple heat exchange plates 114 can be the same as the number of the multiple liquid inlet branches 41 and have a one-to-one correspondence. The liquid inlet branches 41 can communicate with the liquid inlet holes 1145 of the corresponding heat exchange plates 114. The number of liquid return branches 42 can be four, six, eight, etc. The liquid outlet holes 1146 of the multiple heat exchange plates 114 can be the same as the number of the multiple liquid return branches 42 and have a one-to-one correspondence. The liquid return branches 42 can communicate with the liquid outlet holes 1146 of the corresponding heat exchange plates 114. Heat exchange medium with a relatively low temperature can flow into the heat exchange plates 114 through the liquid inlet branches 41 and the liquid inlet holes 1145, while heat exchange medium with a relatively high temperature can flow out of the heat exchange plates 114 through the liquid outlet holes 1146 and flow into the liquid return branches 42. This arrangement allows each heat exchange plate 114 to have a corresponding liquid inlet branch 41 and liquid return branch 42, so that multiple heat exchange plates 114 can be connected in parallel, so that each heat exchange plate 114 can promptly replenish the heat exchange medium with a relatively low temperature and promptly discharge the heat exchange medium with a relatively high temperature from the heat exchange plate 114, so as to improve the cooling effect, reduce the risk of the neutral particle beam burning or even piercing the neutralizer 11, and improve the reliability of the neutralizer system 10 used for neutral beam injection.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 Therefore, the liquid flow channel 1144 includes: a plurality of first sub-channels 11441 and a second sub-channel 11442, the plurality of first sub-channels 11441 are arranged at intervals and are all connected to the second sub-channel 11442, and the surface of the first sub-channel 11441 is a curved surface.

[0051] Among them, the second sub-channel 11442 can be set as an annular channel, the second sub-channel 11442 can surround the outside of multiple first sub-channels 11441, the first sub-channel 11441 can have two opposite ends, and both ends of the first sub-channel 11441 can be connected to the second sub-channel 11442. This setting can make the multiple first sub-channels 11441 and the second sub-channel 11442 relatively evenly distributed, so as to improve the uniformity of the distribution of the heat exchange medium, which is beneficial for the heat exchange medium to fully and relatively evenly absorb the heat of the heat exchange plate 114 to improve the cooling effect.

[0052] Furthermore, if Figure 1As shown, the surfaces of the first sub-channels 11441 can be constructed as arc surfaces, so that multiple first sub-channels 11441 are constructed as arc comb-tooth structures to increase the contact area and disturbance when the heat exchange medium passes through the liquid flow channel 1144, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation capacity.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the cover plate 1141 is formed with a strain relief notch 11411 , and the strain relief notch 11411 penetrates the cover plate 1141 along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114 .

[0054] Among them, the strain relief notch 11411 can be constructed as a long groove-shaped notch, and the strain relief notch 11411 can penetrate the cover plate 1141 along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114. The strain relief notch 11411 can be used to release the stress generated by the heat exchange plate 114 due to heat, reduce the risk of extrusion deformation due to stress, and thus improve the reliability of the heat exchange plate 114.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection also includes: multiple first mounting plates 5, each first mounting plate 5 is connected to multiple heat exchange plates 114, at least one second mounting plate 6, the second mounting plate 6 is sleeved on the outside of the multiple first mounting plates 5 to fix the multiple first mounting plates 5, the first mounting plates 5 and the second mounting plates 6 are both accommodated in the accommodation space 112, and the second mounting plate 6 is connected to the shell 111.

[0056] Each first mounting plate 5 can be connected to multiple (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) heat exchange plates 114 to secure the multiple heat exchange plates 114. At least a portion of the first mounting plate 5 can be located on the side of the heat exchange plate 114 facing away from the beam channel 1143. There can be at least one second mounting plate 6, that is, there can be one second mounting plate 6, or there can be multiple (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) second mounting plates 6. The second mounting plate 6 can be sleeved onto the outside of multiple first mounting plates 5 to secure the multiple first mounting plates 5. The second mounting plate 6 can be clipped or screwed to the multiple first mounting plates 5. When there are multiple second mounting plates 6, the multiple second mounting plates 6 can be arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143. Each second mounting plate 6 can be used to secure multiple first mounting plates 5, which helps to improve the structural strength and reliability of the neutralizer body 113.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection further includes: a mounting bracket 7 , which is received in the receiving space 112 and connected to the housing 111 , and a second mounting plate 6 is connected to the mounting bracket 7 .

[0058] The mounting bracket 7 can be accommodated in the accommodating space 112 and connected to the housing 111. In some embodiments of the present application, the mounting bracket 7 can be integrally formed with the housing 111. In some embodiments of the present application, the mounting bracket 7 can be welded, clamped, etc. to the housing 111. The second mounting plate 6 can be connected to the mounting bracket 7. The second mounting plate 6 can be screwed, clamped, etc. to the mounting bracket 7 to securely connect the housing 111 to the neutralizer body 113. There can be multiple mounting brackets 7, and the number of mounting brackets 7 can be two, four, six, etc. Multiple mounting brackets 7 can be used to securely connect to corresponding second mounting plates 6 to enhance the stability of the connection between the housing 111 and the neutralizer body 113.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, the multiple heat exchange plates 114 include at least one top heat exchange plate 1147a, at least one bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, at least one first side heat exchange plate 1147c, and at least one second side heat exchange plate 1147d. The multiple first mounting plates 5 include: a top mounting plate, a bottom mounting plate, a first side mounting plate, and a second side mounting plate. The top mounting plate is connected to the top heat exchange plate 1147a, the bottom mounting plate is connected to the bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, the first side mounting plate is connected to the first side heat exchange plate 1147c, and the second side mounting plate is connected to the second side heat exchange plate 1147d.

[0060] Among them, the multiple heat exchange plates 114 may include at least one top heat exchange plate 1147a, at least one bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, at least one first side heat exchange plate 1147c, and at least one second side heat exchange plate 1147d. For example, the multiple heat exchange plates 114 may include one top heat exchange plate 1147a, one bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, two first side heat exchange plates 1147c, and two second side heat exchange plates 1147d, or the multiple heat exchange plates 114 may include two top heat exchange plates 1147a, two bottom heat exchange plates 1147b, three first side heat exchange plates 1147c, and three second side heat exchange plates 1147d, or the multiple heat exchange plates 114 may include one top heat exchange plate 1147a, one bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, three first side heat exchange plates 1147c, and three second side heat exchange plates 1147d. The size of the heat exchange plate 114 and the required size of the beam channel 1143 can be set, and such a setting is conducive to improving the design flexibility of the neutralizer body 113.

[0061] The top mounting plate is connected to the top heat exchange plate 1147a, the bottom mounting plate is connected to the bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, the first side mounting plate is connected to the first side heat exchange plate 1147c, and the second side mounting plate is connected to the second side heat exchange plate 1147d. In addition, the second mounting plate 6 can fix the top mounting plate, the bottom mounting plate, the first side mounting plate, and the second side mounting plate together to improve the structural stability of the neutralizer body 113.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, the heat exchange plate 114 includes: a mounting member 1148, the mounting member 1148 includes a first sub-mounting member 11481 and a second sub-mounting member 11482, the first sub-mounting member 11481 and the second sub-mounting member 11482 are connected, along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second sub-mounting member 11482 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting member 11481, the first mounting plate 5 has a matching hole 51, the second sub-mounting member 11482 is passed through the matching hole 51 and the size of the matching hole 51 is larger than the size of the second sub-mounting member 11482.

[0063] The mounting member 1148 can be used to connect the heat exchange plate 114 to the first mounting plate 5. Along the thickness of the heat exchange plate 114, the first sub-mounting member 11481 can overlap with the second sub-mounting member 11482, and the first sub-mounting member 11481 can be connected to the second sub-mounting member 11482 (e.g., integrally formed). Along a plane perpendicular to the thickness of the heat exchange plate 114, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second sub-mounting member 11482 is smaller than that of the first sub-mounting member 11481. The first mounting plate 5 can have a mating hole 51. When the first mounting plate 5 is assembled with the mounting member 1148, the second sub-mounting member 11482 can be inserted into the mating hole 51. The mating hole 51 is larger than the size of the second sub-mounting member 11482. The second sub-mounting member 11482 can be mated and connected to the mating hole 51 via a connector, such as a bolt or screw.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present application, along a plane perpendicular to the thickness of the heat exchange plate 114, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting component 11481 is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the mating hole 51. When the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting component 11481 is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the mating hole 51, the first mounting plate 5 can be in contact with the surface of the first sub-mounting component 11481 facing the first mounting plate 5 to block the mating hole 51. When the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting component 11481 is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the mating hole 51, the first sub-mounting component 11481 can be in contact with the inner circumferential wall of the mating hole 51.

[0065] By making the size of the fitting hole 51 larger than the size of the second sub-mounting component 11482 , the second sub-mounting component 11482 can release the thermal stress generated by heat, thereby improving the connection reliability between the heat exchange plate 114 and the first mounting plate 5 .

[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 8 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection also includes: at least one gas supply pipe 8, multiple neutralizers 11, the multiple neutralizers 11 are configured into at least one group of neutralizer groups 12, the gas supply pipes 8 are the same in number as the neutralizer groups 12 and correspond one to one, and the gas supply pipes 8 are used to supply gas to the neutralizers 11 of the corresponding neutralizer groups 12.

[0067] Among them, there are multiple neutralizers 11, and the number of neutralizers 11 can be two, four, six, etc. For example, when the number of neutralizers 11 is six, the six neutralizers 11 can be a group of neutralizer groups 12, or the six neutralizers 11 can be divided into two groups of neutralizer groups 12, each group of neutralizer groups 12 can include three neutralizers 11, and each group of neutralizer groups 12 can be equipped with a gas supply pipe 8, and the gas supply pipes 8 can be the same in number as the neutralizer groups 12 and correspond one to one. The gas supply pipe 8 can be used to supply gas to the neutralizers 11 of the corresponding neutralizer group 12, and the supplied gas can be used to supplement the neutralizer 11 to form a gas target to increase the charge transfer content. The gas target can produce transfer collision with the fast ions generated by the ion source 2 to form a neutral particle beam. The formed neutral particle beam can realize auxiliary heating of the tokamak device for controlled nuclear fusion. The design scheme of the gas target is simple in structure, easy to operate, and low in cost. By ensuring that the number of gas supply pipes 8 and the number of neutralizer groups 12 are the same and correspond one to one, multiple neutralizers 11 can be supplied with gas through a single gas supply pipe 8, thereby reducing the number of gas supply pipes 8 and the number of parts. In some embodiments of the present application, each gas supply pipe 8 can be controlled by a separate solenoid valve to improve gas supply stability.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection also includes: multiple mounting seats 91, multiple ion sources 2, and multiple neutralizers 11, and the multiple ion sources 2, multiple mounting seats 91, and multiple neutralizers 11 correspond one to one, and the mounting seats 91 are connected between the corresponding ion sources 2 and the corresponding neutralizers 11.

[0069] Among them, there are multiple ion sources 2, neutralizers 11, and mounting seats 91, and the number of ion sources 2, neutralizers 11, and mounting seats 91 are the same. Multiple ion sources 2, multiple mounting seats 91, and multiple neutralizers 11 can correspond one to one. The ion source 2 is fixedly connected to the corresponding neutralizer 11 through the corresponding mounting seat 91, and the mounting seat 91 can fine-tune the position of the ion source 2 to adjust the relative position of the ion source 2 and the neutralizer 11, providing redundancy and cost-effectiveness for system installation, equipment debugging and other operations, providing more possibilities for experimental operation and modification, and reducing installation errors so that the position of the ion source 2 meets the preset requirements, so that the beam can be effectively converged in the Tokamaka host.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection further includes: a mounting frame 92, a gate valve 93, the gate valve 93 is arranged in the vacuum chamber 3, a plurality of neutralizers 11 are all arranged in the gate valve 93, and a plurality of neutralizers 11 are all arranged in the mounting frame 92; and / or, the neutralizers 11 partially overlap with the corresponding mounting seats 91 along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143.

[0071] A gate valve 93 can be installed in the vacuum chamber 3, and multiple neutralizers 11 can be installed on the gate valve 93. The gate valve 93 can control whether the neutralizer 11 is connected to the vacuum chamber 3. When the neutralizer 11 needs to be connected to the vacuum chamber 3, the gate valve 93 is opened. When the neutralizer 11 needs to be disconnected from the vacuum chamber 3, the gate valve 93 is closed. This allows the neutralizer 11 to be removed for maintenance without breaking the vacuum. Multiple neutralizers 11 can be installed on the mounting bracket 92. Each of the multiple neutralizers 11 can be screwed or clamped to the mounting bracket 92. The mounting bracket 92 can serve as a frame for the neutralizer 11 to support the neutralizer 11 and improve the installation stability of the neutralizer 11.

[0072] Along the extension direction of beam channel 1143, neutralizer 11 can partially overlap with corresponding mounting base 91, which helps to reduce the transmission path. This arrangement can also shorten the overall length of neutralizer system 10 along the extension direction of beam channel 1143, thereby achieving a compact design and saving space.

[0073] As some embodiments of the present application, in the neutralizer system 10, the positions involved in the threaded connection can be protected by double sealing of fluororubber and lip seal ring to improve the sealing performance of the neutralizer system 10, reduce the risk of vacuum breaking, and help improve the reliability of the neutralizer system 10.

[0074] The working process of the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection of the present application is as follows: In the first step, water is supplied to the pipeline assembly 4, the gate valve 93 is opened, and the vacuum chamber 3 is evacuated to put the neutralizer 11 into working state; In the second step, the ion source 2 is activated to generate fast ions, which are then drawn to the neutralizer device 1 through high voltage. Some of the fast ions collide with the charge of the target material to form a neutral particle beam. The neutral particle beam passes through the deflection magnet and drift tube and converges in the tokamak device to ignite the plasma. The fast ions that are not neutralized can be absorbed by the ion eater through the deflection magnet. In the third step, when the neutral particle beam flows to the beam channel 1143, the neutral particle beam will collide with the heat exchange plate 114. Multiple heat exchange plates 114 are formed with liquid flow channels 1144. A heat exchange medium with a relatively low temperature flows through the multiple liquid flow channels 1144. The heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the neutral particle beam to cool the neutral particle beam flowing through the beam channel 1143, so as to reduce the risk of the neutral particle beam burning or even piercing the neutralizer 11.

[0075] As some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of neutralizers 11 are installed at certain convergence angles.

[0076] It should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0077] In the description of the present invention, "first feature" or "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0078] In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more.

[0079] In the description of the present invention, a first feature being “on” or “under” a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact with each other, or the first and second features not being in direct contact with each other but being in contact with each other via another feature therebetween.

[0080] In the description of the present invention, “on”, “above” and “above” a first feature of a second feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.

[0081] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0082] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A neutralizer system for neutral beam injection, characterized in that include: A neutralizer device (1), an ion source (2), and a vacuum chamber (3), wherein the neutralizer device (1) comprises a neutralizer (11), the neutralizer (11) is arranged outside the vacuum chamber (3) and connected to the vacuum chamber (3), and the neutralizer (11) comprises: a housing (111), wherein the housing (111) defines a receiving space (112); A neutralizer body (113) is housed in the housing space (112) and includes a plurality of heat exchange plates (114). The plurality of heat exchange plates (114) are connected and jointly define a beam channel (1143). The beam channel (1143) is located between the ion source (2) and the vacuum chamber (3). The heat exchange plates (114) are formed with a liquid flow channel (1144), and a heat exchange medium can flow through the liquid flow channel (1144).

2. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 1, wherein: Along the extension direction of the beam channel (1143), the neutralizer body (113) has a first end (115) and a second end (116) opposite to each other, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel (1143) gradually decreases from the first end (115) to the second end (116).

3. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 2, wherein: The end of the heat exchange plate (114) corresponding to the first end (115) has a rounded chamfer (1149).

4. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of heat exchange plates (114) are constructed into a plurality of heat exchange plate groups (117), and the plurality of heat exchange plate groups (117) are arranged in a surrounding manner to define the bundle channel (1143), and each heat exchange plate group (117) includes a plurality of heat exchange plates (114) arranged along an extension direction of the bundle channel (1143).

5. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 4, characterized in that Along the extension direction of the bundle channel (1143), there is a gap (118) between two adjacent heat exchange plates (114), and the gap (118) includes: a first gap (1181) and a second gap (1182), the first gap (1181) is connected to the second gap (1182), and the first gap (1181) extends along the extension direction of the bundle channel (1143).

6. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 1, wherein: The heat exchange plate (114) includes: a cover plate (1141) and a bottom plate (1142); the bottom plate (1142) is formed with the liquid flow channel (1144); the cover plate (1141) is connected to the bottom plate (1142) and covers the liquid flow channel (1144); the cover plate (1141) is formed with a liquid inlet hole (1145) and a liquid outlet hole (1146); the liquid inlet hole (1145) and the liquid outlet hole (1146) are both connected to the liquid flow channel (1144).

7. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 6, wherein: Also includes: A pipeline assembly (4), the pipeline assembly (4) comprising: a plurality of liquid inlet branches (41) and a plurality of liquid return branches (42); the liquid inlet holes (1145) of the plurality of heat exchange plates (114) being the same in number and connected in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of liquid inlet branches (41); and the liquid outlet holes (1146) of the plurality of heat exchange plates (114) being the same in number and connected in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of liquid return branches (42), so that the plurality of liquid flow channels (1144) are connected in parallel.

8. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 6, wherein: The liquid flow channel (1144) includes: multiple first sub-channels (11441) and second sub-channels (11442), multiple first sub-channels (11441) are arranged at intervals and are all connected to the second sub-channels (11442), and the surface of the first sub-channels (11441) is an arc surface.

9. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 8, wherein: The cover plate (1141) is formed with a strain relief notch (11411), and the strain relief notch (11411) penetrates the cover plate (1141) along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate (114).

10. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: A plurality of first mounting plates (5), each of the first mounting plates (5) is connected to the plurality of heat exchange plates (114); at least one second mounting plate (6), the second mounting plate (6) being sleeved on the outside of the plurality of first mounting plates (5) to fix the plurality of first mounting plates (5); the first mounting plates (5) and the second mounting plates (6) are both accommodated in the accommodation space (112); and the second mounting plate (6) is connected to the shell (111).

11. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 10, wherein: Also includes: A mounting bracket (7) is housed in the housing space (112) and connected to the housing (111); the second mounting plate (6) is connected to the mounting bracket (7).

12. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 10, wherein: The plurality of heat exchange plates (114) include at least one top heat exchange plate (1147a), at least one bottom heat exchange plate (1147b), at least one first side heat exchange plate (1147c), and at least one second side heat exchange plate (1147d); the plurality of first mounting plates (5) include: a top mounting plate, a bottom mounting plate, a first side mounting plate, and a second side mounting plate; the top mounting plate is connected to the top heat exchange plate (1147a), the bottom mounting plate is connected to the bottom heat exchange plate (1147b), the first side mounting plate is connected to the first side heat exchange plate (1147c), and the second side mounting plate is connected to the second side heat exchange plate (1147d).

13. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 10, wherein: The heat exchange plate (114) includes: a mounting member (1148), the mounting member (1148) includes a first sub-mounting member (11481) and a second sub-mounting member (11482), the first sub-mounting member (11481) and the second sub-mounting member (11482) are connected, and along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate (114), the cross-sectional area of ​​the second sub-mounting member (11482) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting member (11481), the first mounting plate (5) has a matching hole (51), the second sub-mounting member (11482) is inserted into the matching hole (51), and the size of the matching hole (51) is larger than the size of the second sub-mounting member (11482).

14. A neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: Also includes: At least one air supply pipe (8), the neutralizers (11) are multiple, the multiple neutralizers (11) are configured to form at least one neutralizer group (12), the air supply pipes (8) are the same in number as the neutralizer groups (12) and correspond one to one, and the air supply pipes (8) are used to supply air to the neutralizers (11) of the corresponding neutralizer groups (12).

15. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: Also includes: There are a plurality of mounting seats (91), a plurality of the ion sources (2), and a plurality of the neutralizers (11), and the plurality of the ion sources (2), the plurality of the mounting seats (91), and the plurality of the neutralizers (11) correspond to each other one by one, and the mounting seats (91) are connected between corresponding ion sources (2) and corresponding neutralizers (11).

16. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 15, wherein: Also includes: A mounting frame (92), a gate valve (93), wherein the gate valve (93) is arranged on the vacuum chamber (3), a plurality of neutralizers (11) are arranged on the gate valve (93), and a plurality of neutralizers (11) are arranged on the mounting frame (92); And / or, the neutralizer (11) and the corresponding mounting seat (91) partially overlap along the extension direction of the beam channel (1143).

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