Energy storage device integrating multiple clusters of batteries, charging and discharging control method, energy storage system and electric equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and provides an energy storage device integrating multiple clusters of batteries, a charging and discharging control method, an energy storage system and electric equipment. The device comprises a cabinet body, a plurality of battery clusters, a plurality of switch units and an electric control unit. The cabinet body is used for accommodating all components of the device; the plurality of battery clusters are arranged in the cabinet body side by side and are connected in parallel; the input ends of the switch units are electrically connected with the plurality of battery clusters in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the output ends of the switch units are connected with the electric control unit; the electric control unit comprises an energy storage converter, a battery management unit and an energy management unit, the energy storage converter is electrically connected with the battery management unit and the energy management unit, the electric control unit is arranged in the cabinet body and connected with the battery clusters, and the electric control unit controls disconnection or connection of the switch unit. Therefore, charging and discharging of the corresponding battery clusters are realized. The problems of limitation, including high cost and low energy density, of a configuration mode of a single-cluster battery are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters, a charge and discharge control method, an energy storage system, and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] Energy storage systems typically utilize a single battery cluster configuration, with each cluster equipped with an independent set of energy management and control electronics, including a battery management system, energy management system, and energy storage inverter. Existing energy storage system designs primarily focus on optimizing single-cluster batteries, lacking solutions for integrating multiple clusters. Single-cluster battery configurations are limited by high cost and low energy density. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide an energy storage device, a charge and discharge control method, an energy storage system, and an electrical device that integrate multiple battery clusters, which at least address the limitations of the configuration of single battery clusters in the prior art, including the problems of high cost and low energy density.

[0004] According to some embodiments of the present application, on the one hand, the embodiments of the present application provide an energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters, comprising: a cabinet for accommodating all components of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters; multiple battery clusters placed side by side in the cabinet, and the multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel; multiple switch units, the input end of each switch unit is electrically connected to the multiple battery clusters one by one, and the output end of each switch unit is connected to an electronic control unit; the electronic control unit includes an energy storage inverter, a battery management unit and an energy management unit, the energy storage inverter is electrically connected to the battery management unit and the energy management unit respectively, the electronic control unit is arranged in the cabinet and connected to the multiple battery clusters, and the electronic control unit realizes charging and discharging of the corresponding battery clusters by controlling the disconnection or connection of the switch units.

[0005] In some embodiments, each of the switch units includes a first fuse, a contactor module and a circuit breaker. The contactor module includes a first contactor, a second contactor and a resistor. The second contactor and the resistor are connected in series and then in parallel with the first contactor. The first end of the first fuse is connected to the corresponding battery cluster, the second end of the first fuse is connected to the first end of the contactor module, the first end of the circuit breaker is connected to the energy storage inverter, the second end of the circuit breaker is connected to the second end of the contactor module, and the first end of the circuit breaker is respectively connected to the two charge and discharge control channels of the energy storage inverter.

[0006] In some embodiments, each of the battery clusters includes a plurality of battery modules connected in series, and each of the battery modules includes battery cells connected in series, a second fuse, and an isolation switch.

[0007] In some embodiments, the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters further includes an environmental monitoring unit disposed within the cabinet, the environmental monitoring unit including a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor for monitoring environmental data within the cabinet, the temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor being communicatively connected to the battery management unit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the energy storage converter includes a heat dissipation module, which is communicatively connected to the temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor, and is used to adjust the heat dissipation efficiency according to the temperature data read by the temperature sensor and the air pressure data read by the air pressure sensor.

[0009] In some embodiments, the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters further includes a voltage and current sensor, which is communicatively connected to the battery management unit and the multiple battery clusters to monitor voltage and current data of the multiple battery clusters.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, on the other hand, embodiments of the present application provide a charge and discharge control method, which is applied to any one of the energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters, including: obtaining voltage data and current data of multiple battery clusters; determining a charge and discharge strategy based at least on the voltage data and the current data, the charge and discharge strategy including time-divided charging and simultaneous charging; when it is determined that the charge and discharge strategy is the time-divided charging, controlling the energy storage inverter to charge and discharge the selected battery clusters in different time periods; when it is determined that the charge and discharge strategy is the simultaneous charging, controlling the energy storage inverter to charge and discharge all the battery clusters simultaneously.

[0011] In some embodiments, when it is determined that the charging and discharging strategy is the time-divided charging, the energy storage inverter is controlled to charge and discharge the selected battery cluster in different time periods, including: when it is determined that the charging and discharging strategy is the time-divided charging, the switch unit corresponding to the selected battery cluster is controlled to be closed, and the switch units corresponding to other battery clusters are controlled to be disconnected, so as to control the energy storage inverter to perform charging and discharging operations only on part of the battery clusters; after the selected battery cluster reaches a preset charging and discharging state, the switch unit corresponding to the selected battery cluster is controlled to be disconnected, and the switch units corresponding to other battery clusters are controlled to be closed, so as to control the energy storage inverter to perform charging and discharging operations on other battery clusters.

[0012] In some embodiments, when it is determined that the charging and discharging strategy is the simultaneous charging, the energy storage inverter is controlled to charge and discharge all the battery clusters simultaneously, including: when it is determined that the charging and discharging strategy is the simultaneous charging, the switch units corresponding to all the battery clusters are controlled to be closed, so as to control the energy storage inverter to charge and discharge all the battery clusters simultaneously.

[0013] In some embodiments, determining the charge and discharge strategy based at least on the voltage data and the current data includes: obtaining temperature data and air pressure data inside the cabinet; and determining the charge and discharge strategy based on the voltage data, the current data, the temperature data, and the air pressure data.

[0014] In some embodiments, the charge and discharge strategy is determined based on the voltage data, the current data, the temperature data, and the air pressure data, including: evaluating the health status of each of the battery clusters based on the voltage data and the current data to obtain a first status evaluation result; evaluating the environmental adaptability and energy scheduling requirements of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters based on the temperature data and the air pressure data to obtain a second status evaluation result; processing the first status evaluation result and the second status evaluation result to obtain a status evaluation result, and sending the status evaluation result to the energy management unit to control the energy management unit to determine the charge and discharge strategy based on the status evaluation result.

[0015] In some embodiments, after evaluating the health status of each of the battery clusters based on the voltage data and the current data to obtain a first status evaluation result, the method further includes: if the first status evaluation result indicates an abnormality, disconnecting the abnormal battery cluster from the electronic control unit, and sending an adjustment instruction to the heat dissipation module to control the heat dissipation module to adjust the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first state assessment result and the second state assessment result are processed to obtain a state assessment result, and the state assessment result is sent to the energy management unit to control the energy management unit to determine the charge and discharge strategy according to the state assessment result, including: using a preset fusion analysis algorithm to process the first state assessment result and the second state assessment result to obtain the state assessment result, the state assessment result characterizing the comprehensive health status and environmental adaptability of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters; controlling the energy management unit to generate the charge and discharge strategy according to the state assessment result, the charge and discharge strategy including control instructions for the charge and discharge sequence, charge and discharge power distribution, and charge and discharge time points of each battery cluster.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an energy storage system, which includes any one of the energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electric device, which uses any one of the energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters to supply power to the electric device.

[0019] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application has at least the following advantages:

[0020] From a profit perspective: For large-capacity systems over 500kWh, meeting the market requirement for 500 kWh of electricity, the current 261kWh market is primarily based on 0.5P systems, which generally require projects to perform two-times charging and two-times discharging to achieve a quick payback. However, in some regions, the peak-to-valley price differential is small, which does not meet the two-times charging and two-times discharging requirement, thus extending the payback period. For large-capacity systems over 500kWh, at a 0.5P charge-discharge rate, a single-times charging and one-times discharging method can shorten the payback period.

[0021] High integration and high energy density: High-energy-density energy storage devices can store more energy in the same volume or weight. This means that under the same conditions, high-energy-density energy storage devices can provide power supply for a longer period of time, reduce the need for frequent charging, and improve the overall efficiency and convenience of the equipment. While maintaining the same energy storage capacity, high-energy-density energy storage devices can significantly reduce volume and weight, thereby reducing costs.

[0022] Overall, energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters offer an efficient, safe, and intelligent energy storage solution through an integrated design, a parallel battery cluster layout, and the coordination of independent switch units and electronic control units. These devices can flexibly adjust charge and discharge strategies based on different application scenarios and requirements. Through the flexible control of multiple switch units, energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters enable the electronic control unit to intelligently adjust charge and discharge strategies based on the specific status of the battery cluster and external energy requirements. This design not only greatly improves the energy density and space utilization of the energy storage device, but also enhances its reliability and maintainability. Through the battery management unit's monitoring of the battery cluster's health status and the energy management unit's adaptive scheduling of environmental conditions, the energy storage device ultimately achieves efficient operation in a variety of complex environments. Furthermore, the energy storage device can respond immediately to abnormal battery cluster conditions, ensuring long-term stable operation while providing users with a safer and more intelligent energy storage solution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] One or more embodiments are exemplified by the figures in the corresponding drawings. These exemplified descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute a scale limitation. In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the traditional technology, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a switch unit of an energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a flow chart of a charge and discharge control method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a circuit of an energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0029] 01. Energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters; 10. Cabinet; 20. Battery cluster; 201. Battery module; 2011. Second fuse; 2012. Isolating switch; 30. Switch unit; 301. First fuse; 302. Contactor module; 3021. First contactor; 3022. Second contactor; 3023. Resistor; 303. Circuit breaker; 40. Electronic control unit; 401. Energy storage converter; 402. Battery management unit; 403. Energy management unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] As can be seen from the background technology, existing energy storage system designs mostly focus on the optimization of single-cluster batteries and lack solutions for integrating multiple cluster batteries. The configuration of single-cluster batteries has the limitations of high cost and low energy density. To address the limitations of the configuration of single-cluster batteries in the existing technology, including the problems of high cost and low energy density, the embodiments of the present application provide an energy storage device, a charge and discharge control method, an energy storage system, and an electrical device that integrate multiple cluster batteries.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0032] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0037] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of the present application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are exaggerated for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) as being on another component or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or a third component may be present between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component as being on the surface of another component or as being formed or provided on the surface of a component, it means that there is no third component between the two components. In addition, when describing a component as being "substantially" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, unless otherwise specified, other components are not excluded, and other components may be further included. In addition, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located on" another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them) or another component can be present between them. In addition, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly on" another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it means that no other components are located between them.

[0039] The terms used herein in the description of the various embodiments are intended only to describe the specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, "part" is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. A component includes a layer, film, region, or plate.

[0040] The following detailed description of the various embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many technical details are provided in the various embodiments of the present application to facilitate a better understanding of the present application. However, even without these technical details and the various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments, the technical solutions claimed in the present application can still be implemented.

[0041] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1As shown, the energy storage device 01 integrating multiple battery clusters includes a cabinet 10, multiple battery clusters 20, multiple switch units 30, and an electronic control unit 40. The cabinet 10 is used to accommodate all components of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters. Multiple battery clusters 20 are placed side by side within the cabinet 10 and connected in parallel. The input end of each switch unit 30 is electrically connected to each of the multiple battery clusters 20, and the output end of each switch unit 30 is connected to the electronic control unit 40. The electronic control unit 40 includes an energy storage converter 401, a battery management unit 402, and an energy management unit 403. The energy storage converter 401 is electrically connected to the battery management unit 402 and the energy management unit 403, respectively. The electronic control unit 40 is disposed within the cabinet 10 and connected to the multiple battery clusters 20. The electronic control unit 40 controls the disconnection and connection of the switch units 30 to achieve charging and discharging of the corresponding battery clusters 20.

[0042] Specifically, the multi-cluster battery storage device utilizes a specially designed cabinet to house all components, including the battery clusters and electronic control unit. This cabinet not only provides physical support and protection but also protects against fire, dust, and water, serving as the foundation for the entire energy storage device. This integrated design significantly enhances the deployment flexibility and operational ease of the multi-cluster battery storage device, while also reducing the device's footprint and costs.

[0043] Multiple battery clusters are arranged within the cabinet and connected in parallel. This means each cluster can operate independently but can work together to provide or store energy when needed. This parallel design allows the multi-cluster energy storage device to flexibly adjust the total charge and discharge power according to actual needs. Furthermore, if a battery cluster experiences a problem, the other clusters can continue to operate, improving the reliability and availability of the multi-cluster energy storage device.

[0044] Each battery cluster is equipped with a switch unit that controls the electrical connection between the battery cluster and the electronic control unit (ECU). These switch units can be fuses, contactors, circuit breakers, and other devices. They connect to the battery cluster at the input and to the ECU at the output. The presence of these switch units enables the ECU to individually control the charging and discharging processes of each battery cluster, enabling refined management of the battery cluster, extending battery life, and improving system safety.

[0045] The electronic control unit (ECU) is the core of the battery cluster's control and management. It comprises three key components: the energy storage inverter, the battery management unit (BMU), and the energy management unit (EMU). The energy storage inverter is responsible for converting AC power to DC power and vice versa to meet the charging and discharging requirements of the battery cluster and grid connection. The BMU monitors and controls the status of each battery cluster, ensuring operation within a safe range and preventing overcharging and over-discharging. Based on information from the BMU and external energy scheduling requirements, the EMU formulates an overall energy scheduling strategy, optimizing the charging and discharging process for efficient energy utilization. The ECU implements intelligent control and energy optimization management of the battery cluster, adjusting the charging and discharging strategy as needed. This not only improves energy conversion efficiency but also enhances the intelligence and automation level of the entire multi-cluster battery storage device. The EMU and BMU can also be located in the gap below the battery cluster, for example, by installing the energy storage inverter in the gap below the battery cluster.

[0046] In summary, energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters offer an efficient, safe, and intelligent energy storage solution through an integrated design, a parallel battery cluster layout, and the coordination of independent switch units and electronic control units. These devices can flexibly adjust charge and discharge strategies based on different application scenarios and requirements. Through the flexible control of multiple switch units, energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters enable the electronic control unit to intelligently adjust charge and discharge strategies based on the specific status of the battery cluster and external energy requirements. This design not only greatly improves the energy density and space utilization of the energy storage device, but also enhances its reliability and maintainability. Through the battery management unit's monitoring of the battery cluster's health status and the energy management unit's adaptive scheduling of environmental conditions, the energy storage device ultimately achieves efficient operation in a variety of complex environments. Furthermore, the energy storage device can respond immediately to abnormal battery cluster conditions, ensuring long-term stable operation while providing users with a safer and more intelligent energy storage solution.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, each of the switch units 30 includes a first fuse 301, a contactor module 302, and a circuit breaker 303. The contactor module 302 includes a first contactor 3021, a second contactor 3022, and a resistor 3023. The second contactor 3022 and the resistor 3023 are connected in series and then in parallel with the first contactor 3021. A first end of the first fuse 301 is connected to the corresponding battery cluster 20, a second end of the first fuse 301 is connected to a first end of the contactor module 302, a first end of the circuit breaker 303 is connected to the energy storage converter 401, and a second end of the circuit breaker 303 is connected to a second end of the contactor module 302. The first end of the circuit breaker 303 is respectively connected to the two charge and discharge control channels of the energy storage converter 401.

[0048] Specifically, the first fuse can disconnect the circuit when a serious overcurrent or short circuit occurs in the battery cluster or circuit, preventing the battery or electronic equipment from being permanently damaged. The contactor module includes a first contactor and a second contactor, wherein the second contactor is connected in series with a resistor and then in parallel with the first contactor. The first contactor is used for ordinary charging and discharging operations, while the combination of the second contactor and the resistor can provide additional protection or pre-charging functions under special circumstances. For example, the resistor can be used to limit the inrush current when the battery cluster is started, protecting the battery cluster and energy storage converter from instantaneous high current shocks. A circuit breaker is a protective device that can disconnect the circuit manually or automatically. It is used to cut off the power supply in abnormal situations such as overload, short circuit or leakage to protect the circuit and personnel safety.

[0049] The first end of the first fuse is directly connected to a battery cluster, ensuring that when an overcurrent event occurs within the battery cluster, the electrical connection between the battery cluster and the rest of the energy storage device can be quickly severed, protecting the entire system from damage. The two ends of the circuit breaker are connected to the energy storage inverter and the contactor module, respectively. This design ensures that a controllable electrical path is established between the battery cluster and the energy storage inverter. The first end of the circuit breaker is connected to the two charge and discharge control channels of the energy storage inverter, which means that at least two different charge and discharge modes can be controlled, increasing the flexibility and functionality of the system. The contactor module is located between the first fuse and the circuit breaker and implements the charge and discharge operations of the battery cluster through different control logic. This connection method of the contactor module can not only quickly respond to the charge and discharge instructions issued by the battery management unit, but also provide additional safety protection through the first fuse and circuit breaker.

[0050] The composition and connection of the switch units demonstrate the complexity and intelligence of the electrical control structure within the multi-cluster battery energy storage device. This design ensures that the battery cluster can flexibly charge and discharge according to the instructions of the electronic control unit. It is also equipped with multiple safety protection mechanisms, such as the first fuse, circuit breaker, and contactor module, which effectively enhance the overall safety and operational stability of the multi-cluster battery energy storage device. By precisely controlling the electrical path, the multi-cluster battery energy storage device can adapt to different charging and discharging strategies and environmental conditions.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 4 As shown, each of the battery clusters 20 includes a plurality of battery modules 201 connected in series. Each of the battery modules 201 includes battery cells connected in series, a second fuse 2011 and an isolation switch 2012 .

[0052] Specifically, a battery cluster consists of multiple battery modules connected in series. This series connection allows the battery cluster to increase voltage by increasing the number of modules while maintaining the same current, thereby increasing the energy storage capacity of the entire energy storage device. The series design also helps to increase the device's output power and voltage level to adapt to different grid connections and load requirements.

[0053] Inside the battery module, multiple battery cells are connected in series to further increase the voltage of the module. The design of series-connected battery cells ensures that the battery module can provide the required high-voltage output, while also facilitating the expansion of the total capacity of the energy storage system in a modular manner. Each battery module includes a second fuse to provide rapid protection when a short circuit or overcurrent occurs inside it, quickly cutting off the circuit to prevent the accident from expanding and protecting the safety of the battery module and other system components. The isolating switch is also a protective device, but unlike the second fuse, it is mainly used to manually or remotely disconnect the electrical connection between the battery module and the rest of the system when repairing or replacing battery cells, ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel while not affecting the normal operation of other battery clusters in the system.

[0054] The above design demonstrates that the battery clusters in a multi-cluster energy storage device not only utilize series connection at the module level to boost voltage, but also utilize a series connection of battery cells within each module to further enhance voltage. Furthermore, the inclusion of a second fuse and disconnector provides multi-layered safety protection, ensuring the stability and safety of the energy storage device under various operating and maintenance conditions. This modular, safe, and controllable battery cluster design is the foundation for efficient operation and convenient maintenance of the entire energy storage device. This design approach not only improves the overall efficiency and reliability of the multi-cluster energy storage device, but also enables it to flexibly adapt to diverse electrical requirements and operating environments. The series connection of battery modules and battery cells, along with the integration of a second fuse and disconnector, together create an efficient and safe energy storage solution, providing users with stable and efficient energy storage and conversion capabilities in a variety of application scenarios.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters further includes an environmental monitoring unit disposed within the cabinet, wherein the environmental monitoring unit includes a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor for monitoring environmental data within the cabinet, and the temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor are communicatively connected to the battery management unit.

[0056] The above further expands the functionality of energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters, particularly the importance of the environmental monitoring unit. This unit, consisting of temperature and air pressure sensors, is installed within the cabinet to monitor and collect environmental parameters in real time. This data is crucial for ensuring the battery cluster operates under safe conditions. Specifically, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature within the cabinet, which is crucial for the performance and safety of the battery cluster. Excessively high temperatures accelerate battery aging, shortening battery life and, in severe cases, leading to thermal runaway, posing safety hazards such as fire. Excessively low temperatures degrade battery performance and affect charging and discharging efficiency. Therefore, through real-time temperature monitoring, the battery management unit (BMU) can determine whether to activate the cooling or heating system to maintain the battery cluster within the optimal operating temperature range. The air pressure sensor monitors the air pressure within the cabinet. Fluctuations in air pressure, particularly at high altitudes, can directly affect the heat dissipation efficiency of the batteries and the stable operation of electrical equipment. Heat dissipation capacity is weaker in low-pressure environments, requiring adjustments to the cooling module's operating intensity. Air pressure fluctuations can also cause performance fluctuations in electrical components. Data from the air pressure sensor can help the BMU and EMU make more accurate decisions to adapt to operating conditions at varying altitudes.

[0057] Temperature and pressure sensors establish communication links with the battery management unit (BMU), ensuring it receives timely environmental data from within the cabinet. This communication can be achieved through a wired or wireless sensor network. By analyzing this data, the BMU can instantly adjust the battery cluster's charging and discharging strategies, cooling mechanisms, and take necessary protective measures to address challenges posed by environmental changes.

[0058] Through environmental monitoring, energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters can dynamically adjust their operating modes based on the climate and altitude conditions of different locations. For example, in high-temperature environments, the battery management unit (BMU) reduces charge and discharge power, prolongs charge and discharge times, and prevents battery overheating. At high altitudes, it increases the flow rate to the heat dissipation module to improve heat dissipation. Real-time monitoring of environmental data helps identify potential safety risks. For example, if the temperature sensor detects abnormally high temperatures, the BMU can immediately interrupt the charge and discharge process and initiate emergency cooling procedures to prevent thermal runaway. Based on the information provided by the EMU, the charge and discharge processes of the battery cluster can be managed more intelligently. For example, in low temperatures, the BMU can preheat the batteries before charging, improving charge and discharge efficiency and overall battery performance. In short, the integrated EMU provides a more intelligent, safe, and efficient energy storage solution that can operate continuously and stably in a variety of complex environmental conditions.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, the energy storage converter includes a heat dissipation module, which is communicatively connected to the temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor, and is used to adjust the heat dissipation efficiency according to the temperature data read by the temperature sensor and the air pressure data read by the air pressure sensor.

[0060] Specifically, the heat dissipation module is a critical component of the energy storage inverter, responsible for maintaining its operation within the optimal temperature range. The energy storage inverter generates heat when performing electrical energy conversion. Especially during high-power charging and discharging operations, this accumulated heat can cause the device temperature to rise, affecting electrical performance and device life. The heat dissipation module helps maintain a stable temperature for the energy storage inverter through active cooling (such as fans and liquid cooling systems) or passive cooling (such as heat sinks), ensuring efficient and safe operation.

[0061] The heat dissipation module establishes a communication connection with the temperature sensor, enabling real-time access to internal cabinet temperature information. If the temperature is too high, the heat dissipation module automatically increases heat dissipation intensity, such as by increasing fan speed and increasing the circulation flow of the liquid cooling system, to accelerate heat dissipation and maintain the operating temperature of the energy storage inverter and battery cluster within a safe range. Conversely, if the temperature is moderate or low, the heat dissipation module will adjust to a more economical operating mode to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. Air pressure data monitored by the air pressure sensor is also crucial for regulating the performance of the heat dissipation module. At high altitudes, due to the low air density, the cooling effect of natural convection is weakened, requiring the heat dissipation module to strengthen its heat dissipation efforts. This may be achieved by increasing the fan frequency or increasing the coolant flow of the liquid cooling system to compensate for the reduced natural cooling efficiency, ensuring stable operation of the energy storage inverter at different altitudes.

[0062] By exchanging data with temperature and pressure sensors, the heat dissipation module can intelligently determine current environmental conditions and adjust the heat dissipation strategy accordingly. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures that the heat dissipation efficiency matches the actual heat load and environmental adaptability, avoiding energy waste caused by excessive heat dissipation while ensuring that the energy storage inverter maintains good thermal management under all conditions. By precisely controlling the heat dissipation efficiency, the heat dissipation module effectively extends the service life of the energy storage inverter and improves its operating performance and reliability. The role of the heat dissipation module is particularly important in battery-intensive or high-power applications, as it ensures that the energy storage inverter does not reduce its frequency or shut down due to overheating, thereby maintaining the continuous and efficient operation of the energy storage system.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present application, the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters further includes a voltage and current sensor, which is communicatively connected to the battery management unit and the multiple battery clusters for monitoring voltage and current data of the multiple battery clusters.

[0064] The above design enhances the monitoring and data acquisition capabilities of integrated multi-cluster battery energy storage devices. By incorporating voltage and current sensors, these sensors monitor the voltage and current of each battery cluster in real time, ensuring that the cluster operates within normal and safe electrical parameters. Specifically, these sensors monitor the voltage of each battery cluster, a key indicator of battery health and performance. The cluster voltage level not only reflects the battery's current state of charge (SOC), but also indicates any imbalance—where some cells have significantly different voltages than others. This can be a sign of battery aging, damage, or manufacturing defects. Current data reflects the charge and discharge status and rates of the battery cluster, helping to determine the cluster's actual charge rate and remaining capacity. Current monitoring is equally important because it can detect abnormal conditions such as overcharge, overdischarge, or overcurrent, which can cause battery temperatures to rise and even trigger thermal runaway, posing a threat to system safety.

[0065] The voltage and current sensors establish a communication link with the battery management unit (BMU), transmitting the monitored voltage and current data to the BMU in real time. This immediate data transmission enables the BMU to quickly respond to electrical changes in the battery cluster, adjusting the battery cluster's charge and discharge strategies based on real-time data, performing operations such as equalization charging and overcurrent protection, thereby maintaining the stability of the battery cluster and extending its service life.

[0066] In energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters, voltage and current sensors communicate simultaneously with multiple battery clusters, enabling simultaneous monitoring of the voltage and current status of all clusters. This comprehensive monitoring capability is crucial for coordinating the charging and discharging activities of multiple battery clusters. Based on this data, the battery management unit can perform refined battery cluster management and optimized scheduling, ensuring the efficient operation and safety of the entire energy storage system.

[0067] By monitoring data from voltage and current sensors, the battery management unit (BMU) can promptly detect any abnormalities in the electrical parameters of a battery cluster, such as sudden voltage changes or current surges, and rapidly take action, such as adjusting charge and discharge power or disconnecting faulty battery clusters, to prevent potential safety risks from escalating. The monitoring data also helps the BMU perform more precise load balancing, dynamically adjusting charge and discharge strategies to optimize battery cluster performance, avoid local overheating or overcharging, maximize the service life of each battery cluster, and improve the overall energy efficiency and economic returns of the energy storage device. Overall, the communication connection mechanism between voltage and current sensors and the BMU is critical to ensuring the safe, stable, and efficient operation of energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters. This not only enhances the monitoring capabilities of a single battery cluster but, more importantly, enables the coordinated management of multiple battery clusters, rapidly responding to electrical anomalies, implementing preventative protection, and optimizing the charge and discharge strategies of the entire energy storage device.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present application, a modular and expandable battery cluster layout structure is designed, which allows the battery cluster to be easily disassembled and expanded as needed. This structure includes standard battery module slots, quick connectors and a hot-swap mechanism to ensure that the replacement and addition of battery modules will not affect the normal operation of other battery clusters. In this way, users can flexibly adjust the number and capacity of battery clusters according to changes in energy storage needs, thereby achieving the scalability and adaptability of the system. The modular design not only simplifies the maintenance and upgrade process of the battery cluster, but also provides convenience for system expansion. The hot-swap mechanism ensures that the battery modules can be replaced or expanded without shutting down, which improves the continuity and reliability of system operation, while also reducing maintenance costs and time.

[0069] This application also provides a Figure 3 The charge and discharge control method shown above is applied to Figures 1 to 2The charge and discharge control method of the energy storage device integrated with multiple battery clusters shown includes the following steps:

[0070] Step S301: obtaining voltage data and current data of multiple battery clusters 20;

[0071] Specifically, voltage and current sensors regularly collect voltage and current data from each battery cluster. This data reflects the battery cluster's state of charge, charge and discharge rates, and possible electrical anomalies. By continuously monitoring electrical parameters, the health and operating status of the battery cluster can be understood in real time, providing data support for subsequent charge and discharge strategy formulation.

[0072] Step S302: determining a charge and discharge strategy based at least on the voltage data and the current data, wherein the charge and discharge strategy includes time-divided charging and simultaneous charging;

[0073] Specifically, the battery management unit (BMU) analyzes voltage and current data and selects the most appropriate charging mode, either time-segmented charging or simultaneous charging, based on the battery cluster status and system requirements. Specifically, voltage data reflects the battery cluster's state of charge and health. By comparing the voltage of each battery cluster, the BMU determines whether the clusters are balanced and whether they require charging or discharging. For example, if it detects that the voltage of a battery cluster is significantly lower than that of other clusters, the BMU prioritizes charging that cluster to achieve a balanced state of charge for the entire system. Current reflects the charge and discharge rate of the battery cluster. By monitoring current, the BMU can assess the charge and discharge efficiency of the battery cluster and whether there is a risk of overcurrent. Excessive current not only reduces battery life but can also cause a sudden increase in battery temperature, posing a safety hazard.

[0074] After analyzing voltage and current data, the battery management unit (BMU) can select a time-of-day charging strategy if it detects uneven state of charge among multiple battery clusters, or to adapt to external conditions such as electricity price fluctuations or grid load changes. This means that during different time periods, the BMU controls the energy storage converter to charge only certain battery clusters, while other battery clusters are discharged or dormant. This time-of-day charging strategy helps optimize battery life, reduces the impact of instantaneous load on the grid, and reduces costs by charging when electricity prices are low.

[0075] When the BMU determines that the state of charge of all battery clusters is close and the system needs to quickly restore energy storage, or when charging costs are low during specific time periods (such as grid off-peak periods), the BMU will select the simultaneous charging strategy. In this mode, the energy storage inverter will charge all battery clusters simultaneously to achieve rapid energy replenishment and improve overall charging and discharging efficiency. The simultaneous charging strategy is suitable for scenarios requiring high power density charging and discharging, such as fast charging stations or peak demand response.

[0076] State of charge balancing ensures that all battery clusters maintain a roughly consistent state of charge, preventing overuse and accelerated aging of certain battery clusters. Charge and discharge strategies must consider grid load and electricity prices to minimize impact on the grid and reduce operating costs. While ensuring system safety, charge and discharge efficiency and battery life are maximized, minimizing unnecessary energy loss.

[0077] The battery management unit determines the charging and discharging strategy based on voltage and current data. By flexibly switching between time-slot charging and simultaneous charging modes, the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters can meet energy needs while extending battery life, reducing costs and improving grid adaptability.

[0078] Step S303: When it is determined that the charging and discharging strategy is the time-divided charging, the energy storage converter 401 is controlled to charge and discharge the selected battery cluster 20 in different time periods;

[0079] Specifically, when the battery management unit determines that the charging and discharging strategy should be time-shifted, it controls the energy storage converter to charge and discharge specific battery clusters during different time periods according to a pre-set or dynamically generated schedule, rather than simultaneously charging and discharging all battery clusters. This strategy aims to achieve key goals through more refined energy management: balanced battery state of charge, optimized energy costs, reduced grid impact, and adaptability to environmental changes. Specifically, time-shifted charging ensures a relatively balanced state of charge for each battery cluster. Because battery clusters may vary, such as in aging, temperature, or initial state of charge, time-shifted charging allows the battery management unit to adjust the timing and duration of charging and discharging based on the real-time status of each cluster, thereby achieving overall state of charge balance and extending the battery pack's service life. Time-shifted charging leverages the grid's peak-valley pricing mechanism, selecting charging during low-price periods and discharging during peak periods. This not only reduces charging costs but also generates additional revenue for users or operators by discharging during high-price periods, improving system economics. The grid may have load and power constraints at the energy storage system's deployment location. Time-shifted charging distributes the pressure on the grid during the charging and discharging process, avoiding the risk of grid overload caused by charging a large number of battery clusters simultaneously, thus ensuring grid stability and safe operation. The battery management unit adjusts the battery cluster's charge and discharge strategies by taking into account environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and altitude. In extreme environments, time-shifted charging can prevent battery clusters from operating under adverse conditions for extended periods, minimizing damage and enhancing the overall environmental adaptability and durability of the system.

[0080] Step S304 : when it is determined that the charging and discharging strategy is the simultaneous charging, controlling the energy storage converter 401 to charge and discharge all the battery clusters 20 simultaneously.

[0081] Specifically, when the battery management unit determines that the charging and discharging strategy should be simultaneous charging, it will control the energy storage converter to charge all integrated battery clusters at the same time. Compared with time-sharing charging, this strategy is suitable for situations where fast charging is required or charging and discharging efficiency is optimized under specific conditions. Specifically, in the simultaneous charging mode, the battery management unit no longer disperses the charging process of the battery cluster in different time windows, but chooses to start the energy storage converter to charge all battery clusters at a predetermined or dynamically determined time point. The execution of this command means that the energy storage converter needs to have sufficient power output capacity to meet the charging needs of all battery clusters, while ensuring that the current and voltage are within a safe range and will not cause damage to the battery cluster or the energy storage converter itself.

[0082] In certain emergency situations, such as when the energy storage system needs to quickly restore its energy level to meet sudden power demand, the simultaneous charging mode can significantly speed up charging, reduce waiting time, and improve system responsiveness and reliability. When grid electricity prices exhibit peak-valley patterns, with lower prices during off-peak hours, the battery management unit selects a simultaneous charging strategy, allowing the energy storage converter to charge all battery clusters during this period to minimize costs.

[0083] In simultaneous charging mode, the battery management unit (BMU) continuously monitors the voltage and current data of all battery clusters. If an anomaly is detected in any battery cluster, such as overcharge, over-discharge, or electrical imbalance, the BMU can reduce the charging current or disconnect the problematic battery cluster while charging other clusters continues. This synchronized monitoring and protection mechanism ensures safe and stable system operation even under high-power charging and discharging operations. Simultaneously charging all battery clusters optimizes the charge and discharge cycles of the entire multi-cluster energy storage device. When the battery clusters have roughly the same state of charge, this approach reduces the idle time of the energy storage inverter, utilizing its maximum power capacity and improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0084] The above-described charge and discharge control method targets energy storage devices with multiple integrated battery clusters. By collecting and analyzing voltage and current data from each battery cluster in real time, it intelligently determines and implements time-segmented or simultaneous charging strategies, significantly improving energy efficiency, operational safety, and economic benefits. In time-segmented charging mode, the energy storage converter precisely controls the charging and discharging of selected battery clusters within different time periods according to instructions from the battery management unit. This effectively balances the state of charge of the battery cluster and extends battery life. By flexibly responding to fluctuations in electricity prices and grid load, it reduces charging costs and mitigates transient impacts on the grid. In simultaneous charging mode, the energy storage converter can rapidly charge all battery clusters within defined safety parameters, rapidly restoring the energy storage device's energy reserves. This makes it suitable for emergency charging or taking advantage of off-peak grid prices, thereby improving response speed and economic efficiency. Through intelligent analysis and strategy adjustment, the battery management unit not only ensures stable operation of the battery cluster in various environments but also optimizes the long-term performance and maintenance costs of the energy storage device.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present application, when it is determined that the above-mentioned charging and discharging strategy is the above-mentioned time-divided charging, the energy storage converter 401 is controlled to charge and discharge the selected battery cluster 20 in different time periods, including: when it is determined that the above-mentioned charging and discharging strategy is the above-mentioned time-divided charging, the switch unit 30 corresponding to the selected battery cluster 20 is controlled to be closed, and the switch units 30 corresponding to other battery clusters 20 are controlled to be disconnected, so as to control the energy storage converter 401 to perform charging and discharging operations only on part of the above-mentioned battery clusters 20; after the selected battery cluster 20 reaches a preset charging and discharging state, the switch unit 30 corresponding to the selected battery cluster 20 is controlled to be disconnected, and the switch units 30 corresponding to other battery clusters 20 are controlled to be closed, so as to control the above-mentioned energy storage converter 401 to perform charging and discharging operations on other battery clusters 20.

[0086] Specifically, the above describes the operational process for how a battery management unit (BMU) controls the energy storage converter to time-shift charging and discharging of each battery cluster in an energy storage device with multiple battery clusters. Specifically, when a time-shift charging strategy is adopted, the BMU first analyzes the current status of each battery cluster and system requirements based on the acquired voltage and current data, then selects a group of battery clusters as the first targets for charging or discharging. The BMU then issues instructions to close the switch units (such as relays and contactors) corresponding to these selected battery clusters, allowing current to flow from the energy storage converter to these battery clusters, or from these battery clusters back to the energy storage converter. At the same time, the BMU ensures that the switch units corresponding to other battery clusters remain open, thereby preventing current from flowing to or from these battery clusters, enabling the individual charging and discharging of some battery clusters.

[0087] After a selected battery cluster has been charged or discharged to a preset state (such as reaching a certain state of charge or completing a charge / discharge cycle), the battery management unit (BMU) adjusts the switch state again, opening the switch corresponding to the completed battery cluster and closing the switch for the next battery cluster to be charged or discharged. This dynamic switch state adjustment enables the energy storage inverter to charge and discharge different battery clusters in an orderly manner according to a predetermined schedule or real-time system requirements.

[0088] By implementing alternating charge and discharge operations under a time-sharing charging strategy, the combination of a battery management unit (BMU) and an energy storage converter (ESC) achieves balanced state of charge (SOC), improved system safety, enhanced environmental adaptability, and significant cost-effectiveness. Specifically, this ensures that the SOC of all battery clusters remains constant, preventing accelerated aging due to overuse of certain battery clusters and extending the overall lifespan of the battery pack. During the charge and discharge process, only a subset of battery clusters is in operation, reducing the system's transient current and voltage loads, minimizing the risk of overheating, overcharging, or over-discharging, and enhancing overall safety. The BMU intelligently selects charge and discharge times and battery clusters based on environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity, enabling the entire system to operate stably and efficiently in a variety of environments. By leveraging the grid's peak and valley electricity pricing strategy and rationally planning the charge and discharge times for battery clusters, the system can significantly reduce operating costs and improve return on investment. In summary, through the intelligent collaboration of the BMU and the ESC, this approach dynamically adjusts the charge and discharge strategy based on system requirements and environmental changes, achieving optimal safety and economic performance for the energy storage system.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present application, when it is determined that the above-mentioned charging and discharging strategy is the above-mentioned simultaneous charging, the above-mentioned energy storage converter 401 is controlled to charge and discharge all the above-mentioned battery clusters 20 at the same time, including: when it is determined that the above-mentioned charging and discharging strategy is the above-mentioned simultaneous charging, the switch units 30 corresponding to all the above-mentioned battery clusters 20 are controlled to be closed, so as to control the above-mentioned energy storage converter 401 to charge and discharge all the above-mentioned battery clusters 20 at the same time.

[0090] The above describes how, when the battery management unit (BMU) determines the simultaneous charging strategy, it controls the energy storage converter to simultaneously charge and discharge all battery clusters in a multi-cluster energy storage device. This strategy is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring rapid charging or optimizing the overall system charging and discharging efficiency under specific conditions. Specifically, in simultaneous charging mode, the BMU determines, based on the voltage and current data of each battery cluster, as well as system requirements and external environmental conditions, whether all battery clusters are suitable for or require simultaneous charging and discharging. At this point, the BMU issues commands to close the corresponding switching units (such as relays or contactors) for all battery clusters, ensuring unimpeded current flow from the energy storage converter to all battery clusters, and from the battery clusters back to the energy storage converter. In other words, the energy storage converter provides charging and discharging services for all battery clusters, not just some.

[0091] In simultaneous charging mode, the energy storage inverter needs to have sufficient power output capacity to meet the charging needs of all battery clusters. This requires the energy storage inverter to have a high power redundancy or to take the power requirements of simultaneous charging mode into consideration during design to ensure that the performance of the energy storage inverter matches the energy storage device integrated with multiple battery clusters.

[0092] Although all battery clusters are charged and discharged during the same period, the battery management unit (BMU) must continuously monitor the voltage, current, and temperature of each battery cluster to ensure that the charging and discharging process occurs within a safe range and to avoid battery overheating, overcharging, or over-discharging. Even in simultaneous charging mode, the BMU should retain the ability to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy. For example, if an abnormal battery cluster status is detected during charging, the BMU can immediately adjust the strategy, such as reducing the charging current, prioritizing charging of weaker clusters, or disconnecting the problematic battery cluster if necessary, to protect system safety.

[0093] When a multi-cluster energy storage system needs to rapidly replenish energy, such as for emergency reserves or to rapidly respond to grid demands, simultaneous charging can maximize charging and discharging rates, rapidly restore energy storage levels, and improve system responsiveness. Taking advantage of off-peak periods for simultaneous charging can significantly reduce charging costs. Charging all battery clusters during periods of low electricity prices not only saves energy costs but also helps improve the economic efficiency of the entire energy storage system. When the battery clusters have similar initial states of charge (SOCs), simultaneous charging helps maintain a balanced SOC across clusters. This avoids a series of issues caused by SOC differences, such as reduced system efficiency and shortened battery life. When the simultaneous charging strategy is set to the simultaneous charging mode, the battery management unit controls the closing of the corresponding switch units for all battery clusters, enabling efficient and rapid charging and discharging of the multi-cluster energy storage system. This operating mode optimizes the SOCs of the battery clusters and extends battery life while ensuring safety and cost-effectiveness, thereby enhancing the overall performance and reliability of the multi-cluster energy storage system.

[0094] In some embodiments of the present application, the charge and discharge strategy is determined based on at least the above-mentioned voltage data and the above-mentioned current data, including: obtaining the temperature data and the air pressure data in the cabinet 10; and determining the above-mentioned charge and discharge strategy based on the above-mentioned voltage data, the above-mentioned current data, the above-mentioned temperature data and the above-mentioned air pressure data.

[0095] This further expands the considerations for determining charging and discharging strategies, incorporating not only voltage and current data but also cabinet temperature and air pressure data to formulate a more environmentally friendly charging and discharging strategy. This comprehensive approach to strategy formulation, which considers environmental parameters, enables multi-cluster battery storage devices to maintain stable, efficient, and safe operation under various external conditions. Specifically, in this charging and discharging control method, the battery management unit (BMU) not only monitors the battery cluster's voltage and current data in real time but also collects cabinet temperature and air pressure data. Temperature data reflects the battery cluster's operating environment, a key factor affecting battery performance and safety. Air pressure data is typically related to the energy storage cabinet's altitude. Lower air pressure at higher altitudes affects heat dissipation efficiency and the battery's chemical reaction rate. By collecting and analyzing this environmental data, the BMU gains a more comprehensive understanding of the operating conditions of the multi-cluster battery storage device, providing additional insight into the charging and discharging strategy.

[0096] Furthermore, the charge and discharge strategy is determined based on the voltage data, the current data, the temperature data, and the air pressure data, including: evaluating the health status of each of the battery clusters 20 based on the voltage data and the current data to obtain a first status evaluation result; evaluating the environmental adaptability and energy scheduling requirements of the energy storage device 01 integrating multiple battery clusters based on the temperature data and the air pressure data to obtain a second status evaluation result; processing the first status evaluation result and the second status evaluation result to obtain a status evaluation result, and sending the status evaluation result to the energy management unit 403 to control the energy management unit 403 to determine the charge and discharge strategy based on the status evaluation result.

[0097] The above describes how to comprehensively evaluate and decide on charging and discharging strategies based on the battery cluster's electrical status (voltage, current) and environmental conditions (temperature, air pressure). Specifically, the battery management unit continuously collects and analyzes voltage and current data from each battery cluster, monitoring the changing trends and values ​​of these electrical parameters to assess the health of the battery cluster. This includes identifying whether the battery cluster is experiencing overcharge, overdischarge, voltage imbalance, or abnormally high current, all of which indicate poor battery cluster health. Based on the analysis results, the battery management unit provides a clear assessment of the health of each battery cluster, forming a primary status assessment result. This result reveals which battery clusters are suitable for charging and discharging operations and which require maintenance or isolation, providing basic data for formulating charging and discharging strategies.

[0098] The BMU also collects temperature and pressure data from within the cabinet. This data reflects the operating environment of the battery cluster, including but not limited to temperature, heat dissipation conditions, and the impact of the atmospheric pressure on battery performance. Based on this temperature and pressure data, the BMU assesses the energy dispatch requirements of the multi-cluster energy storage device under current environmental conditions, taking into account factors such as the battery cluster's heat dissipation requirements, changes in electrochemical reaction rates, and the balance of power supply and demand, to generate a second state assessment result.

[0099] Furthermore, the first state evaluation result and the second state evaluation result are processed to obtain a state evaluation result, and the state evaluation result is sent to the energy management unit 403 to control the energy management unit 403 to determine the charge and discharge strategy according to the state evaluation result, including: using a preset fusion analysis algorithm to process the first state evaluation result and the second state evaluation result to obtain the state evaluation result, the state evaluation result characterizing the comprehensive health state and environmental adaptability of the energy storage device 01 integrating multiple battery clusters; controlling the energy management unit 403 to generate the charge and discharge strategy according to the state evaluation result, the charge and discharge strategy including control instructions for the charge and discharge sequence, charge and discharge power distribution, and charge and discharge time points of each battery cluster 20.

[0100] Specifically, after evaluating the battery cluster's voltage and current data for health (the first health assessment result) and the cabinet's temperature and pressure data for environmental adaptability (the second health assessment result), the battery management unit uses a pre-defined fusion analysis algorithm to combine these two sets of assessment results. The goal of this fusion analysis algorithm is to create a comprehensive health assessment that not only reflects the battery cluster's health but also considers the impact of environmental factors on battery performance. This algorithm incorporates techniques such as weight assignment, threshold judgment, and fuzzy logic or machine learning models to quantify the battery cluster's comprehensive health status and system suitability for operation in the current environment.

[0101] Based on the fused analysis and state assessment results, the battery management unit (BMU) sends instructions to the energy management unit (EMU), instructing it to generate a detailed charge and discharge strategy. This strategy covers multiple dimensions, including charge and discharge sequence, charge and discharge power allocation, and charge and discharge timing. Specifically, based on the health status and energy requirements of the battery clusters, the EMU determines which battery clusters to charge and discharge first, as well as the order of charge and discharge. For example, if certain battery clusters are in better health than others, they will be charged and discharged first to avoid widening the gap in status between clusters. Based on the state assessment results, the EMU intelligently allocates power resources during the charge and discharge process. In simultaneous charging mode, the output of the energy storage inverter is adjusted to ensure that each battery cluster receives appropriate charging power. In time-sharing charging mode, the power supply to specific battery clusters within each time period must be precisely controlled to achieve optimal energy conversion efficiency. Taking into account peak and valley electricity prices and environmental conditions, the EMU determines the most economical and safest charge and discharge start and end times. For example, high-power charging and discharging can be scheduled during off-peak periods when ambient temperatures are moderate, while charging and discharging activities can be postponed or reduced during peak prices or extreme weather conditions to reduce costs or protect batteries.

[0102] By employing a fusion analysis algorithm, the coordinated collaboration between the battery management unit and the energy management unit enables more intelligent and precise management of the battery cluster's charge and discharge processes. By accounting for environmental factors, the charge and discharge strategies can adapt to a wider range of operating conditions, including extreme climates and atmospheric pressures at varying altitudes, improving the environmental adaptability and robustness of the multi-cluster energy storage device. The charge and discharge strategies guided by the fusion analysis results can leverage the peak-valley electricity price differences of the power grid and the charge and discharge efficiency characteristics of the battery cluster in different environments, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization and reducing operating costs. Based on the comprehensive health assessment results, the energy management unit can take preventive measures, such as avoiding high-power charging and discharging during high or low temperature periods or prioritizing charging and discharging of battery clusters in good condition, effectively avoiding the risk of failure and battery damage and extending battery life. In summary, the fusion analysis algorithm enables a comprehensive assessment of the health status and environmental adaptability of the multi-cluster energy storage device, guiding the intelligent generation of charge and discharge strategies. This not only improves operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness, but also enhances its safety and reliability.

[0103] The battery management unit (BMU) comprehensively analyzes the first status assessment result (electrical health) and the second status assessment result (environmental adaptability and energy scheduling requirements) to form a comprehensive assessment of the overall status of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters, namely the status assessment result. The BMU transmits the status assessment result to the energy management unit (EMU). Based on this information, the EMU combines system objectives (such as cost minimization, power maintenance, or peak load mitigation) with grid information to intelligently determine the most appropriate charging and discharging strategy for the current situation. This can be done by selecting a simultaneous charging mode when environmental conditions permit and the battery clusters are healthy, or by adopting a time-slot charging strategy when a battery cluster is in poor condition or when environmental conditions are harsh to reduce risk and protect the battery cluster from damage.

[0104] By integrating electrical status assessment with environmental adaptability assessment, the coordinated strategic decisions of the battery management unit and energy management unit can achieve more precise energy utilization and battery management, ensuring that the battery cluster is charged and discharged in a healthy state, avoiding operation of the battery cluster under adverse environmental conditions, and thus reducing system failures and safety hazards. Charging and discharging strategies based on environmental conditions and battery status can minimize the energy loss of the battery cluster during the charging and discharging process, improving the overall energy conversion efficiency and charge and discharge cycle capacity of the system. Intelligent scheduling strategies help to fully utilize the difference between peak and valley electricity prices, reduce charging and discharging costs, and promote the economic benefits of energy storage systems. Taking environmental factors into consideration, it can maintain stable and efficient operation under a wide range of climate, altitude and other conditions, enhancing the practicality of energy storage solutions.

[0105] By comprehensively analyzing the voltage and current data of the battery cluster, as well as the temperature and pressure conditions within the cabinet, precise and intelligent control of charging and discharging strategies is achieved. This significantly improves the operating efficiency, safety, and environmental adaptability of energy storage systems integrating multiple battery clusters. The battery management unit intelligently determines and selects the most appropriate charging and discharging strategy based on real-time electrical and environmental data, including time-slot charging and simultaneous charging modes, ensuring optimal battery cluster operation and system economics. By monitoring temperature and pressure data, charging and discharging operations can be adjusted promptly when battery operating conditions are adverse, avoiding potential safety risks such as overheating and overvoltage, thereby extending the lifespan of the battery and system. By accounting for environmental variations within the cabinet, such as temperature fluctuations and pressure differences, the system maintains stable performance in various climates and altitudes, broadening the application scope and adaptability of energy storage systems integrating multiple battery clusters. Intelligent analysis of environmental data enables dynamic adjustment of charging and discharging strategies, leveraging peak and valley electricity price differences to optimize charging and discharging times, reducing energy waste and significantly lowering operating costs. In summary, by combining the electrical data of the battery cluster with the cabinet environmental parameters, intelligent optimization of the charging and discharging strategy is achieved, improving the overall performance and reliability of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters.

[0106] Furthermore, after evaluating the health status of each of the above-mentioned battery clusters 20 based on the above-mentioned voltage data and the above-mentioned current data to obtain a first status evaluation result, the above-mentioned method also includes: if the above-mentioned first status evaluation result indicates an abnormality, disconnecting the abnormal battery cluster from the above-mentioned electronic control unit, and sending an adjustment instruction to the heat dissipation module to control the above-mentioned heat dissipation module to adjust the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0107] Specifically, after completing the first status assessment of each battery cluster's voltage and current data, if the assessment results indicate any abnormality, such as battery cluster overcharge, overdischarge, internal short circuit, or voltage imbalance, the battery management unit will immediately take the following measures:

[0108] Disconnecting an abnormal battery cluster from the ECU: The BMU quickly isolates the problematic battery cluster by disconnecting a switch (such as a relay) connected to the abnormal battery cluster, preventing it from continuing to participate in the charge and discharge process and avoiding possible system-level failures or safety risks. This immediate isolation mechanism is a key safeguard for the safe operation of energy storage systems.

[0109] Sending adjustment instructions to the cooling module: When an abnormal condition occurs, especially when it is related to battery cluster overheating, the battery management unit sends instructions to the cooling module in the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters, requesting adjustment of cooling efficiency. These measures include increasing the radiator fan speed, increasing the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium, and extending the cooling module's operating time. This quickly reduces the battery cluster temperature, protects the battery cluster from further damage, and prevents potential thermal runaway risks.

[0110] By integrating an abnormality detection and response mechanism, the battery management unit effectively monitors and maintains the health of the battery cluster during the charge and discharge process. By promptly isolating abnormal battery clusters and adjusting heat dissipation efficiency, it prevents fault propagation and thermal runaway events. This also optimizes the overall efficiency of the multi-cluster energy storage device, as healthy battery clusters can continue to charge and discharge while abnormal battery clusters are temporarily isolated until repaired. This prevents individual faults from impacting the entire multi-cluster energy storage device. In short, by assessing the health of the battery clusters in real time and promptly implementing isolation and heat dissipation control measures when an anomaly is detected, the safety and reliability of the multi-cluster energy storage device are significantly enhanced. This comprehensive health management strategy, combined with the precise judgment of intelligent algorithms, effectively prevents faults and protects battery clusters from damage, while ensuring that the multi-cluster energy storage device can maintain its basic charge and discharge capabilities even in the face of sudden anomalies.

[0111] These responses aren't a one-size-fits-all approach; instead, they're tailored to the specific type and severity of the anomaly. For example, a minor voltage imbalance can be resolved with a simple adjustment to the charge and discharge strategy, while a severe overheating situation requires urgent, intensive cooling measures. This intelligent and flexible response mechanism improves the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly handling.

[0112] The present application also provides an energy storage system, which includes any one of the above-mentioned energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters.

[0113] The present application also provides an electrical device that uses any of the above-mentioned energy storage devices integrating multiple battery clusters to power the electrical device.

[0114] Figure 4This is a circuit diagram of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to the present application. Taking two battery clusters as an example, the two battery clusters 20 are connected in parallel. Each battery cluster 20 includes multiple battery modules 201 connected in series. Each battery module 201 includes battery cells connected in series, a second fuse 2011, and an isolation switch 2012. The input of each switch unit 30 is electrically connected to each of the multiple battery clusters 20, and the output of each switch unit 30 is connected to the electronic control unit. Each switch unit 30 includes a first fuse 301, a contactor module 302, and a circuit breaker 303. The contactor module 302 includes a first contactor 3021, a second contactor 3022, and a resistor 3023. The second contactor 3022 and the resistor 3023 are connected in series and then in parallel with the first contactor 3021. The first end of the first fuse 301 is connected to the corresponding battery cluster 20, the second end of the first fuse 301 is connected to the first end of the contactor module 302, the first end of the circuit breaker 303 is connected to the energy storage inverter 401, and the second end of the circuit breaker 303 is connected to the second end of the contactor module 302. The first end of the circuit breaker 303 is connected to the two charge and discharge control channels of the energy storage inverter 401.

[0115] The electronic control unit also includes a battery management unit and an energy management unit. The energy storage converter is electrically connected to the battery management unit and the energy management unit, respectively. The electronic control unit is connected to multiple battery clusters and controls the disconnection and connection of the switch unit to achieve charging and discharging of the corresponding battery clusters. How to achieve charging and discharging of the corresponding battery clusters by controlling the disconnection and connection of the switch unit has been described in the method embodiments of this application and will not be repeated here.

[0116] In some embodiments, some battery management units utilize a redundant design, where multiple drive units control different branches of the switch unit. If one drive unit fails, another drive unit can take over, ensuring the normal operation of the switch unit, thereby disconnecting the battery cluster. Multiple operating modes are available, providing greater flexibility and allowing users to select different operating modes based on actual needs. The battery management unit controls the alternating charging and discharging of each battery cluster. Since the number of charge and discharge cycles a battery can undergo is limited, alternating charging and discharging can significantly extend the battery's lifespan. The energy storage inverter can also charge and discharge each battery cluster simultaneously, significantly increasing the charging energy.

[0117] The timing of charging and discharging of the battery cluster can be adaptively controlled according to the working conditions such as climate and altitude. Specific implementation solutions include:

[0118] The battery management unit (BMU) monitors the ambient temperature in real time using temperature sensors installed within the cabinet. These sensors measure the battery surface temperature, internal battery temperature, and ambient temperature. In low-temperature environments, the battery's chemical reactions slow down and its internal resistance increases, resulting in reduced charging efficiency and insufficient discharge capacity. The BMU can adjust the charge and discharge strategies by preheating the battery, reducing the charge current, and limiting the depth of discharge. Specifically, before charging in low temperatures, the BMU activates a heating system (such as a heating film or fan) to preheat the battery to a suitable temperature range. In low-temperature environments, the BMU reduces the charge current to prevent excessive internal heating and reduce the risk of thermal runaway. During low-temperature discharge, the BMU limits the depth of discharge to prevent irreversible damage caused by excessive discharge.

[0119] High temperatures accelerate the battery's chemical reactions, but excessively high temperatures can shorten battery life and even cause thermal runaway. The battery management unit (BMU) can adjust the charge and discharge strategy by activating the cooling system (heat dissipation module), reducing charging voltage and current, and limiting discharge power. Specifically, the BMU can activate cooling systems (such as fans and liquid cooling) to reduce battery temperature. In high-temperature environments, the BMU will appropriately reduce charging voltage and current to minimize heat generation within the battery. The BMU also limits the battery's discharge power to prevent excessive discharge at high temperatures.

[0120] The battery management unit can monitor the battery's altitude in real time through an air pressure sensor. The higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure, the smaller the air density, and the worse the heat dissipation effect. At high altitudes, due to poor heat dissipation conditions, the battery management unit needs to take measures such as enhancing heat dissipation, adjusting charging parameters, and limiting discharge power. Specifically, the battery management unit can increase the power of the heat dissipation system, such as increasing the fan speed or increasing the flow rate of the liquid cooling system, to ensure that the battery can effectively dissipate heat in a high-altitude environment. The battery management unit will reduce the charging current and voltage to reduce heat generation inside the battery and prevent the battery from overheating. The battery management unit will limit the battery's discharge power to prevent the battery from over-discharging under poor heat dissipation conditions.

[0121] The battery management unit (BMU) uses built-in intelligent algorithms to dynamically adjust the battery's charge and discharge parameters by comprehensively considering various environmental factors, such as temperature, altitude, and humidity. For example, the BMU can calculate the optimal charging current and voltage based on real-time data on ambient temperature and altitude, ensuring safe and efficient battery operation in various environments. The BMU can also continuously optimize the charge and discharge strategy based on the battery's historical operating data and environmental changes through adaptive learning algorithms. For example, if the BMU detects that the battery is frequently exposed to high temperatures over a period of time, it will automatically adjust the cooling system's activation threshold and power to better protect the battery. In some application scenarios, the BMU can receive control signals from external systems via remote commands. For example, when responding to grid demand, the BMU can adjust the battery's charge and discharge power according to the grid's instructions to achieve optimization goals such as peak shaving and valley filling.

[0122] In some embodiments of the present application, a dynamic energy recovery and distribution mechanism is introduced. When a battery cluster is in a discharging state and other battery clusters are in a charging state, the remaining energy of the discharge cluster can be transferred to the charging cluster through the internal energy exchange circuit, thereby realizing internal energy recovery and efficient utilization. In addition, the mechanism can also dynamically adjust the recovery and distribution of energy according to the grid demand and the charge and discharge status of each battery cluster, and optimize the overall energy utilization efficiency and response speed. The dynamic energy recovery and distribution mechanism realizes the energy flow between battery clusters, improves the energy utilization rate of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters, and reduces energy waste. At the same time, by adjusting the energy distribution in real time, it can better respond to fluctuations in external grid demand, improve the integration capability of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters for renewable energy and the responsiveness to the electricity market, thereby enhancing the role and value of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters in the smart grid.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present application, and that in actual applications, various changes in form and detail may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Any person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters, characterized in that: include: A cabinet for housing all components of an energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters; A plurality of battery clusters are placed side by side in the cabinet, and the plurality of battery clusters are connected in parallel; a plurality of switch units, wherein an input end of each switch unit is electrically connected to the plurality of battery clusters in a one-to-one correspondence, and an output end of each switch unit is connected to an electronic control unit; The electronic control unit includes an energy storage inverter, a battery management unit and an energy management unit. The energy storage inverter is electrically connected to the battery management unit and the energy management unit respectively. The electronic control unit is arranged in the cabinet and connected to the multiple battery clusters. The electronic control unit controls the disconnection or connection of the switch unit to realize the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery cluster.

2. The energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the switch units includes a first fuse, a contactor module, and a circuit breaker. The contactor module includes a first contactor, a second contactor, and a resistor. The second contactor and the resistor are connected in series and then in parallel with the first contactor. The first end of the first fuse is connected to the corresponding battery cluster, the second end of the first fuse is connected to the first end of the contactor module, the first end of the circuit breaker is connected to the energy storage inverter, and the second end of the circuit breaker is connected to the second end of the contactor module. The first end of the circuit breaker is respectively connected to the two charge and discharge control channels of the energy storage inverter.

3. The energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the battery clusters includes a plurality of battery modules connected in series, and each of the battery modules includes battery cells connected in series, a second fuse, and an isolation switch.

4. The energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters further includes an environmental monitoring unit disposed within the cabinet. The environmental monitoring unit includes a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor for monitoring environmental data within the cabinet. The temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor are communicatively connected to the battery management unit.

5. The energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to claim 4, characterized in that: The energy storage converter includes a heat dissipation module, which is communicatively connected to the temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor and is used to adjust heat dissipation efficiency according to temperature data read by the temperature sensor and air pressure data read by the air pressure sensor.

6. The energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters further includes a voltage and current sensor, which is communicatively connected to the battery management unit and the multiple battery clusters and is used to monitor voltage and current data of the multiple battery clusters.

7. A charge and discharge control method, characterized in that: The method is applied to an energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: Obtain voltage and current data of multiple battery clusters; Determining a charge and discharge strategy based at least on the voltage data and the current data, the charge and discharge strategy including time-segmented charging and simultaneous charging; When determining that the charging and discharging strategy is the time-divided charging, controlling the energy storage converter to charge and discharge the selected battery cluster in different time periods; When it is determined that the charge and discharge strategy is the simultaneous charging, the energy storage converter is controlled to charge and discharge all the battery clusters simultaneously.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that When the charging and discharging strategy is determined to be time-divided charging, controlling the energy storage converter to charge and discharge the selected battery cluster in different time periods includes: When it is determined that the charging and discharging strategy is the time-divided charging, controlling the switch unit corresponding to the selected battery cluster to be closed, and controlling the switch units corresponding to the other battery clusters to be opened, so as to control the energy storage converter to perform charging and discharging operations on only some of the battery clusters; After the selected battery cluster reaches a preset charge and discharge state, the switch unit corresponding to the selected battery cluster is controlled to be disconnected, and the switch units corresponding to other battery clusters are controlled to be closed, so as to control the energy storage converter to perform charge and discharge operations on the other battery clusters.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that When the charging and discharging strategy is determined to be the simultaneous charging, controlling the energy storage converter to charge and discharge all the battery clusters simultaneously includes: When it is determined that the charging and discharging strategy is the simultaneous charging, the switch units corresponding to all the battery clusters are controlled to be closed, so as to control the energy storage converter to perform charging and discharging operations on all the battery clusters simultaneously.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Determining a charge and discharge strategy based at least on the voltage data and the current data includes: Obtain temperature and air pressure data inside the cabinet; The charge and discharge strategy is determined according to the voltage data, the current data, the temperature data, and the air pressure data.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that Determining the charge and discharge strategy according to the voltage data, the current data, the temperature data, and the air pressure data includes: evaluating the health status of each battery cluster according to the voltage data and the current data to obtain a first health status evaluation result; evaluating the environmental adaptability and energy scheduling requirements of the energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to the temperature data and the air pressure data to obtain a second state evaluation result; The first state evaluation result and the second state evaluation result are processed to obtain a state evaluation result, and the state evaluation result is sent to the energy management unit to control the energy management unit to determine the charge and discharge strategy according to the state evaluation result.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that After evaluating the health status of each battery cluster according to the voltage data and the current data to obtain a first health status evaluation result, the method further includes: If the first state evaluation result indicates an abnormality, the abnormal battery cluster is disconnected from the electronic control unit, and an adjustment instruction is sent to the heat dissipation module to control the heat dissipation module to adjust the heat dissipation efficiency.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that Processing the first state evaluation result and the second state evaluation result to obtain a state evaluation result, and sending the state evaluation result to the energy management unit to control the energy management unit to determine the charge and discharge strategy according to the state evaluation result, including: Processing the first state assessment result and the second state assessment result using a preset fusion analysis algorithm to obtain the state assessment result, wherein the state assessment result represents the comprehensive health state and environmental adaptability of the energy storage device integrating the multi-cluster batteries; The energy management unit is controlled to generate the charge and discharge strategy according to the state evaluation result, wherein the charge and discharge strategy includes control instructions for the charge and discharge sequence, charge and discharge power distribution, and charge and discharge time points of each battery cluster.

14. An energy storage system, characterized in that: The energy storage system comprises the energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 6 integrating multiple battery clusters.

15. An electrical device, characterized in that: The energy storage device integrating multiple battery clusters according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used to supply power to the electrical equipment.

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