Matched cultivation method for strong gluten wheat seed production and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and discloses a matched cultivation method for strong gluten wheat seed production and application thereof.The method comprises the steps that soil improvement before sowing is conducted, specifically, deep ploughing, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer application and medium trace element supplement are conducted; then optimizing fertilization management, and applying a potassium fertilizer by nitrogen and sulfur combined application, adjusting a nitrogen fertilizer application strategy and applying the potassium fertilizer by stages; then an optimized sowing technology is implemented; then, precise irrigation and moisture regulation are conducted, the irrigation opportunity and times are optimized, and moderate deficiency of the soil is kept in a specific period; and finally, carrying out comprehensive pest control in parallel or in corresponding stages in the whole growth cycle. By integrating key measures such as soil improvement, scientific fertilization, fine seed close planting, precise irrigation and comprehensive plant protection, a set of synergetic and efficient strong gluten wheat seed production technology system is established, the seed yield and quality are remarkably improved, and the problems of unstable quality, low nutrient utilization rate, water resource waste, insufficient pest control and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a supporting cultivation method for producing strong-gluten wheat seeds and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Strong-gluten wheat, due to its unique processing qualities, holds a crucial position in the modern food industry, and market demand for high-quality seeds remains robust. High-quality strong-gluten wheat seeds are crucial for ensuring high-quality raw materials for downstream industries, guaranteeing grain production, and boosting agricultural economic returns. Therefore, continuously optimizing cultivation and management techniques for strong-gluten wheat seed production is a key area of ​​ongoing research in agricultural science and technology.

[0003] However, the current production of strong-gluten wheat seeds mostly follows conventional or extensive cultivation models, which have the following major problems:

[0004] Unstable quality and limited yield increases: Soil improvement, fertilization, water regulation, planting density and pest and disease control measures mostly adopt conventional models, failing to form effective synergy and making it difficult to ensure the stable improvement of seed yield and quality.

[0005] Low nutrient utilization efficiency: Existing fertilization methods are mostly single base application, lacking nitrogen and sulfur synergy and phased topdressing strategies, resulting in a disconnect between nutrient release and crop demand and low fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0006] The efficiency of water resource utilization is relatively low: the main irrigation method is traditional flooding, which not only wastes water resources, but also easily causes water and fertilizer loss, making it difficult to achieve accurate water replenishment and moisture regulation during the critical period.

[0007] Pest and disease control is lagging behind: it mostly relies on empirical use of pesticides, lacks systematic monitoring and integrated prevention and control strategies, the prevention and control effects are unstable, and the amount of pesticides used is large, which affects seed safety and the ecological environment.

[0008] In summary, the traditional cultivation model can no longer meet the requirements of modern seed production for high yield, high quality, stability and sustainability. There is an urgent need for a supporting cultivation method for the production of strong-gluten wheat seeds and its application to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a supporting cultivation method for the production of strong-gluten wheat seeds and its application, which solves the problems in the existing strong-gluten wheat seed production process, which are often caused by insufficient soil improvement, unscientific fertilization management, mismatch between sowing technology and variety characteristics and target yield, inaccurate irrigation and water control, and insufficient systematic pest and disease control strategies.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A supporting cultivation method for producing strong gluten wheat seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Perform soil improvement before sowing, which includes deep tillage, application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and supplementation of trace elements according to soil test results;

[0012] S2. After completing pre-sowing soil improvement, implement optimized fertilization management, which includes nitrogen and sulfur combination, adjustment of nitrogen fertilizer base and topdressing ratio and topdressing period, and phased application of potash fertilizer;

[0013] S3. After performing the optimized fertilization management, implementing optimized sowing technology, the optimized sowing technology includes selecting strong-gluten wheat varieties, adopting a wide-spread close-planting sowing method, and adjusting the planting density according to the ear shape characteristics of the variety;

[0014] S4. After implementing the optimized sowing technology, carry out precision irrigation and water regulation, which includes optimizing irrigation frequency and irrigation during critical periods, and maintaining a moderate soil moisture deficit during the middle and late stages of wheat flowering;

[0015] S5. During the entire growth cycle of wheat, carry out integrated pest control in parallel with the above steps S1-S4 or at corresponding stages. The integrated pest control includes establishing a pest monitoring system and comprehensively applying agricultural control, biological control and chemical control measures.

[0016] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned supporting cultivation method for producing strong-gluten wheat seeds in the planting and production of strong-gluten wheat seeds.

[0017] The present invention provides a supporting cultivation method for producing strong-gluten wheat seeds and its application, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The present invention significantly improves the yield and quality of strong-gluten wheat seeds by integrating soil improvement, scientific fertilization, dense planting of high-quality seeds, precise water control and comprehensive plant protection measures, effectively overcoming the defect of unstable quality.

[0019] 2. The present invention significantly improves fertilizer utilization efficiency through the nutrient control strategy of nitrogen and sulfur coordination, delayed nitrogen fertilizer application and staged supply of potassium fertilizer, and solves the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate in the prior art.

[0020] 3. The present invention applies water-saving irrigation technology and optimizes the irrigation system. Through precise water replenishment during the critical period and water deficit adjustment at specific stages, the efficiency of water resource utilization is significantly improved, overcoming the technical bottleneck of low water resource utilization efficiency.

[0021] 4. The present invention establishes a full-cycle pest and disease monitoring and early warning system, which integrates agricultural, biological, and chemical control methods to effectively control the breeding and spread of pests and diseases. This solution greatly reduces the application of pesticides and significantly reduces the overall incidence of pests and diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Flowchart of the cultivation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] Please see the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a supporting cultivation method for producing strong-gluten wheat seeds, which is as follows:

[0026] 1. Test information:

[0027] Test variety: strong gluten wheat variety Jimai 43 (protein content 14.5%, wet gluten content 32%, gluten index 75, stability time 8 minutes).

[0028] 2. Cultivation measures:

[0029] (S1) Pre-sowing soil improvement:

[0030] Deep tillage: 35 cm.

[0031] Fertilization: 3500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 55 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15).

[0032] Trace elements: zinc sulfate 1.2 kg / mu.

[0033] (S2) Optimize fertilization management:

[0034] Nitrogen and sulfur combination: pure N260 kg / hectare.

[0035] Nitrogen fertilizer adjustment: base and topdressing ratio 4:6; the topdressing period is the early stage of jointing.

[0036] Potassium fertilizer application stages: K2O 110 kg / hectare; base and topdressing ratio 5:5; apply before sowing and during the jointing stage.

[0037] (S3) Optimizing seeding technology:

[0038] Variety: Strong-gluten wheat variety Jimai 43 (medium-multi-spike type).

[0039] Sowing method: wide and dense planting; the seedling belt width is 9 cm and the row spacing is 27 cm.

[0040] Planting density: 2.7 million plants / hectare.

[0041] (S4) Precision irrigation and water regulation:

[0042] Irrigation: 2 times (jointing stage, flowering and grain filling stage); 450 cubic meters / hectare each time; drip irrigation.

[0043] Water deficit: In the middle and late stages of flowering, the surface soil moisture should be maintained at 55% of the field water holding capacity.

[0044] Comparative Examples 1-3:

[0045] Comparative Example 1: Conventional Soil Treatment Compared with Example 1, S1 pre-sowing soil improvement: conventional rotary tillage (tillage depth 25-35 cm), only a small amount of compound fertilizer base application, no organic fertilizer and trace elements. The rest of S2-S5 are the same as Example 1.

[0046] Comparative Example 2: Conventional Fertilization Management Compared with Example 1, S2 optimized fertilization management: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were applied as a base fertilizer at one time, without nitrogen and sulfur combination application, nitrogen fertilizer was postponed, and potassium fertilizer was applied separately. The rest of S1 and S3 were the same as Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 3: Conventional Sowing and Common Varieties Compared with Example 1, S3 optimized sowing technology: common wheat variety, conventional drill sowing (row spacing 25 cm), conventional sowing rate. The rest of S1 and S2 are the same as Example 1.

[0048] Test example:

[0049] Test example: Verification of the effectiveness of key technical links in strong-gluten wheat seed production

[0050] Purpose of the experiment: To verify the effect of the comprehensive supporting cultivation method of Example 1 on strong gluten wheat seed yield and key quality indicators compared with the method without some core optimization links (Comparative Examples 1-4).

[0051] Experimental Design and Materials:

[0052] Test materials: strong gluten wheat variety Jimai 43.

[0053] Test treatment:

[0054] T1: Example 1; T2: Comparative Example 1; T3: Comparative Example 2; T4: Comparative Example 3.

[0055] Experimental arrangement: randomized block design, 3 replications, plot area of ​​13.5 square meters.

[0056] Field management: Except for the treatment differences, other managements were the same.

[0057] Measurement items and methods:

[0058] (a) Yield: All crops are harvested upon maturity and converted into kg / hectare.

[0059] (b) Seed quality: protein content (%), wet gluten content (%), and dough stability time (minutes) were measured.

[0060] Test results and analysis:

[0061] Table 1: Effects of different cultivation and management modes on the yield and key qualities of strong gluten wheat

[0062]

[0063] Experimental Conclusion: T1 (Example 1) achieved the best yield and various quality indicators. Compared to T1, all indicators in T2-T4 declined to varying degrees, indicating that the optimization of key technical links in Example 1—S1 (soil improvement), S2 (optimized fertilization), S3 (optimized sowing and varieties), and S4 (precision irrigation)—all contributed significantly to improving the yield and quality of strong-gluten wheat. Therefore, the comprehensive cultivation method of Example 1 was highly effective.

[0064] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A supporting cultivation method for producing strong gluten wheat seeds, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Perform soil improvement before sowing, which includes deep tillage, application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and supplementation of trace elements according to soil test results; S2. After completing pre-sowing soil improvement, implement optimized fertilization management, which includes nitrogen and sulfur combination, adjustment of nitrogen fertilizer base and topdressing ratio and topdressing period, and phased application of potash fertilizer; S3. After performing the optimized fertilization management, implementing optimized sowing technology, the optimized sowing technology includes selecting strong-gluten wheat varieties, adopting a wide-spread close-planting sowing method, and adjusting the planting density according to the ear shape characteristics of the variety; S4. After implementing the optimized sowing technology, carry out precision irrigation and water regulation, which includes optimizing irrigation frequency and irrigation during critical periods, and maintaining a moderate soil moisture deficit during the middle and late stages of wheat flowering; S5. During the entire growth cycle of wheat, carry out integrated pest control in parallel with the above steps S1-S4 or at corresponding stages. The integrated pest control includes establishing a pest monitoring system and comprehensively applying agricultural control, biological control and chemical control measures.

2. The supporting cultivation method for producing strong gluten wheat seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil improvement before sowing in step S1 is specifically as follows: Deep plowing reaches a depth of 30-40 cm; Apply 3000-4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; Supplemented trace elements include zinc and boron.

3. The supporting cultivation method for producing strong gluten wheat seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimized fertilization management in step S2 specifically includes: The total nitrogen fertilizer application rate should be controlled at 240-270 kg / ha in terms of pure nitrogen. Adjust the nitrogen fertilizer base and topdressing ratio and the topdressing period by adjusting the nitrogen fertilizer base and topdressing ratio from 5:5 to 4:6 or 3:7, and move the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing period from the greening and rising period to the jointing period.

4. The supporting cultivation method for producing strong gluten wheat seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The staged application of potassium fertilizer in step S2 is specifically as follows: the potassium application rate during the whole growth period of wheat is calculated as K2O at 90-120 kg / hectare, and the potassium fertilizer is applied once before sowing in a 5:5 base-topdressing ratio, twice before sowing and during the jointing stage.

5. The supporting cultivation method for producing strong gluten wheat seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimized seeding technology in step S3 includes: The selected strong gluten wheat varieties meet the following requirements: protein content ≥14%, wet gluten content ≥30%, gluten index ≥70%, and dough stability time ≥7 minutes; Wide and dense planting: seedling strip width 8-10 cm, row spacing 27-28 cm; Planting density adjustment: 3.75-4.05 million plants / hectare for large-ear varieties, 2.4-2.7 million plants / hectare for medium-multi-ear varieties.

6. The supporting cultivation method for producing strong gluten wheat seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precise irrigation and water control in step S4 are specifically as follows: Adjust the irrigation frequency to 1-3 times, which are carried out during the jointing stage and the flowering and filling stage respectively. The irrigation volume each time is 405-450 cubic meters per hectare, and water-saving irrigation technology is adopted.

7. The supporting cultivation method for producing strong gluten wheat seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest and disease monitoring system established in step S5 is specifically: During the entire wheat growth cycle, inspections and monitoring are carried out every 10-15 days from the sowing period to the greening period, every 5-7 days from the jointing period to the heading and flowering period, and every 7-10 days from the filling period to the maturity period; The monitoring content includes the occurrence of diseases and pests; Monitoring methods include manual inspections and the use of intelligent monitoring equipment.

8. The supporting cultivation method for producing strong-gluten wheat seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agricultural prevention and control in step S5 specifically includes: Agricultural prevention and control measures include: rotating wheat with corn or legumes, selecting disease-resistant varieties, such as Jimai 43, and scientific fertilizer and water management; Biological control includes at least one of the following operations: Release natural enemies: Release 100-200 ladybugs, 50-100 lacewings, or 10,000-20,000 trichogrammatids per acre; Use biological pesticides: In the early stages of armyworm infestation, apply 50-100 grams of Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder containing 10 billion spores per gram per mu; Or in the early stage of powdery mildew, use 100-150 grams of Bacillus subtilis wettable powder containing 100 billion live spores / gram per mu.

9. The supporting cultivation method for producing strong-gluten wheat seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical control in S5 specifically includes: Seed treatment: Treat with fludioxonil or difenoconazole before sowing; Field spraying: Based on the results of pest and disease monitoring, it should be carried out at the best time for pest and disease control, including: For wheat rust: from jointing to heading stage and when the diseased leaf rate is 5%-10%, spray 30-40g of 25% triadimefon wettable powder per mu, diluted with 30-45kg of water; For wheat powdery mildew: from the booting to heading stage and when the diseased leaf rate is 10%-15%, use 30-50g of 12.5% ​​diniconazole wettable powder per mu, add water and spray evenly; For wheat scab: use medicine for prevention from the beginning of ear formation to the early flowering stage; For wheat aphids: After heading and when the aphid count per 100 plants reaches 500-800 or the aphid rate per plant reaches 30%-40%, apply 20-30g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu, dilute with water and spray for prevention and control; For wheat midges: treat the soil from jointing to heading stage, or spray pesticides from heading to flowering stage.

10. Use of the supporting cultivation method for producing strong-gluten wheat seeds according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the planting and production of strong-gluten wheat seeds.

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