Soil microbial fermentation device and fermentation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil microbial fermentation device and a fermentation method, and relates to the field of microbial fermentation. A soil microorganism fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank and further comprises a cover plate detachably connected to the upper end of the fermentation tank; the material conveying barrel is positioned in the fermentation tank and is rotationally connected to the cover plate; the rotating sleeve is connected to the material conveying barrel in a sleeving mode, and a shifting rod is fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve; the motor drives the bevel gear for transmission, the linkage conveying barrel and the rotating shaft to rotate, and the electric telescopic rod is matched to drive the rotating sleeve to reciprocate, so that the three-dimensional stirring of the driving lever and the circulating conveying of the spiral blade are realized, a multi-dimensional stirring mode is formed, the material mixing uniformity is improved, the full contact of microorganisms and nutrient substances is promoted, and the fermentation efficiency and quality are improved; the elastic deflector rod and the counterweight ball can adaptively adjust the stirring range along with the rotating speed, eliminate stirring dead angles, accelerate the fermentation process, shorten the period, reduce the cost, and further optimize the fermentation effect and the product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fermentation, and in particular relates to a soil microbial fermentation device and a fermentation method. Background Art

[0002] Soil microbial fermentation technology plays a key role in improving soil structure, enhancing fertility, and degrading pollutants. A high-quality fermentation process can significantly improve the activity of microbial preparations and enhance their application effects in agricultural production and environmental remediation.

[0003] Currently, soil microbial fermentation mostly relies on traditional fermentation equipment. These devices usually use a single stirring blade to rotate and stir in the fermentation tank, or simply introduce gas to achieve material turnover. Although some equipment has a conveying function, stirring and conveying are independent of each other, making it difficult to work together. In actual operation, the operator adds the material and bacteria to the tank, starts the stirring device and conveying device, and completes the fermentation process through continuous stirring and intermittent conveying.

[0004] However, in actual use, the existing fermentation equipment uses a single stirring method that easily leads to uneven mixing of materials in the fermentation tank, making it difficult for materials at different heights and areas to fully contact each other, resulting in an unbalanced distribution of microorganisms and nutrients, and affecting the adequacy of the fermentation reaction. In view of this, the present invention is specially proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a soil microbial fermentation device and a fermentation method that can overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A soil microorganism fermentation device includes a fermentation tank, and also includes: a cover plate, which is detachably connected to the upper end of the fermentation tank; a feed barrel located in the fermentation tank and rotatably connected to the cover plate; a rotating sleeve, which is sleeved on the feed barrel, wherein the rotating sleeve is fixedly connected to a shift rod, the outer wall of the feed barrel is provided with a guide groove, the inner wall of the rotating sleeve is fixedly connected to a slider, and the slider is slidably connected in the guide groove; a rotating ring is rotatably connected to the upper end of the rotating sleeve; a driving part is provided on the cover plate, and is used to drive the rotating ring to drive the rotating sleeve that rotates synchronously with the feed barrel to reciprocate up and down in the tank; a rotating shaft located in the feed barrel, which is rotatably connected to the cover plate, wherein a spiral blade is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the lower end side wall of the feed barrel is provided with a feed port, and the upper end side wall is provided with a discharge port.

[0008] Preferably, the shift rod is an elastic rod, and one end of the shift rod away from the rotating sleeve is fixedly connected to a weighted ball.

[0009] Preferably, the driving part includes an electric telescopic rod, the electric telescopic rod is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the cover plate, and the rotating ring is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod.

[0010] In order to drive the feeding cylinder and the rotating shaft to rotate synchronously, preferably, a motor is fixedly connected to the cover plate, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to bevel gear one, the feeding cylinder is fixedly connected to bevel gear two, and the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to bevel gear three, and bevel gear two and bevel gear three are both meshed with bevel gear one.

[0011] In order to filter and purify the gas passing through the air purification tank, preferably, it also includes an air purification box and a gas circulation pump fixedly installed on the air purification box, the input end of the gas circulation pump is connected to the fermentation tank through an air supply pipe 1 passing through the cover plate, and the output end is connected to the air purification box, a hollow cavity is opened between the inner and outer walls of the lower end of the fermentation tank, and a plurality of air nozzles arranged obliquely upward are equidistantly arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation tank, and the air purification box is connected to the hollow cavity through an air supply pipe 2.

[0012] In order to facilitate the removal and replacement of the activated carbon filter element, a plurality of activated carbon filter elements for filtering and purifying the gas are further equidistantly inserted into the air purification box.

[0013] In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the cover plate, preferably, the cover plate is detachably connected to the upper end of the fermentation tank by fixing bolts.

[0014] In order to increase the sealing performance of the connection between the cover plate and the fermentation tank, a sealing ring is further fixedly connected to the cover plate, and a sealing ring is provided on the outer wall of the sealing ring, and the sealing ring is in contact with the inner wall of the fermentation tank.

[0015] In order to facilitate the discharge of the fermentation material after the fermentation is completed, preferably, the inner wall of the bottom of the fermentation tank is conical, and the bottom of the fermentation tank is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe, and a valve switch is provided on the discharge pipe.

[0016] The soil microbial fermentation method comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Add solid, liquid or solid-liquid mixed fermentation materials and bacteria into the fermentation tank through the top opening, install the cover and tighten it with fixing bolts;

[0018] Step 2: Turn on the motor, and drive the feed barrel and the rotating shaft to rotate synchronously through the meshing transmission of bevel gear 1, bevel gear 2, and bevel gear 3;

[0019] Step 3: Start the electric telescopic rod to drive the rotating ring and the rotating sleeve to do reciprocating motion up and down on the feeding barrel, so that the lever on the rotating sleeve can stir the materials at different height layers in three dimensions;

[0020] Step 4: The spiral blades on the rotating shaft suck the material at the bottom of the fermentation tank from the feed port and discharge it from the discharge port through the feed cylinder, realizing the circulation mixing of the material from bottom to top;

[0021] Step 5: If the lever is an elastic rod and is connected to a weighted ball, it will produce elastic deformation as the rotating sleeve rotates, adaptively expanding the stirring range to cover high-level and edge materials;

[0022] Step 6: Start the gas circulation pump to draw the gas in the tank into the air purification box. After filtering through the activated carbon filter element, the purified gas is sprayed into the tank through the hollow cavity and the air nozzle to provide oxygen and assist in material mixing;

[0023] Step 7: After fermentation is completed, open the discharge pipe valve and use the conical structure at the bottom of the tank to allow the material to be collected and discharged under the action of gravity.

[0024] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0025] The present invention uses a motor to drive a bevel gear transmission system to synchronously rotate the feed barrel and the rotating shaft, and cooperates with an electric telescopic rod to drive the rotating sleeve to reciprocate up and down, so that the lever can stir materials at different height layers in three dimensions. Combined with the material circulation and conveying function of the spiral blade, a multi-dimensional stirring mode is formed, which improves the uniformity of material mixing, ensures that soil microorganisms are fully in contact with nutrients, promotes a more complete fermentation reaction, and improves fermentation efficiency and quality.

[0026] The lever is an elastic rod connected to a weighted ball. Its elastic deformation can automatically adjust the stirring range according to the rotation speed of the rotating sleeve, thereby achieving all-round stirring of materials in the entire area of ​​the fermentation tank, effectively eliminating dead corners in stirring, accelerating the contact between microorganisms and nutrients, shortening the fermentation cycle, reducing costs, and improving fermentation efficiency and product quality.

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In the attached figure:

[0029] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the fermentation tank, feeding cylinder and rotating sleeve of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the air purification box and activated carbon filter element of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A;

[0035] Figure 7 This invention Figure 1 Magnified view of part B.

[0036] In the figure: 1. Fermentation tank; 101. Cover plate; 102. Fixing bolt; 103. Discharge pipe; 2. Air purification box; 201. Activated carbon filter element; 202. Gas circulation pump; 203. Gas pipe 1; 204. Gas pipe 2; 205. Hollow cavity; 206. Air nozzle; 3. Feed barrel; 301. Rotating shaft; 302. Spiral blade; 303. Feed inlet; 304. Discharge outlet; 4. Sealing ring; 401. Sealing ring; 5. Rotating sleeve; 501. Rotating ring; 502. Guide groove; 503. Push rod; 504. Counterweight ball; 505. Electric telescopic rod; 6. Motor; 601. Bevel gear 1; 602. Bevel gear 2; 603. Bevel gear 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 6, a soil microorganism fermentation device, comprising a fermentation tank 1, further comprising: a cover plate 101, which is detachably connected to the upper end of the fermentation tank 1; a feed barrel 3 located in the fermentation tank 1, which is rotatably connected to the cover plate 101; a rotating sleeve 5, which is sleeved on the feed barrel 3, wherein a shift rod 503 is fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve 5, a guide groove 502 is provided on the outer wall of the feed barrel 3, a slider is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating sleeve 5, and the slider is slidably connected in the guide groove 502; a rotating ring 501 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the rotating sleeve 5; a driving part, which is provided on the cover plate 101 and is used to drive the rotating ring 501 to drive the rotating sleeve 5, which rotates synchronously with the feed barrel 3, to reciprocate up and down in the tank; a rotating shaft 301 located in the feed barrel 3, which is rotatably connected to the cover plate 101, wherein a spiral blade 302 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 301, and a feed inlet 303 is provided on the side wall of the lower end of the feed barrel 3, and a discharge outlet 304 is provided on the side wall of the upper end.

[0039] The driving part includes an electric telescopic rod 505 , which is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the cover plate 101 , and the rotating ring 501 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 505 .

[0040] The cover plate 101 is fixedly connected to the motor 6, the output end of the motor 6 is fixedly connected to the bevel gear 1 601, the feed barrel 3 is fixedly connected to the bevel gear 2 602, and the rotating shaft 301 is fixedly connected to the bevel gear 3 603. The bevel gear 2 602 and the bevel gear 3 603 are both meshed with the bevel gear 1 601.

[0041] During the soil microbial fermentation process, the operator first places the materials and bacteria required for soil microbial fermentation into the fermentation tank 1 through the opening at the upper end thereof. The added materials can be in the form of solid materials such as soil, crushed crop straw, etc., liquid materials such as nutrient solution, microbial culture solution, etc., or a mixture of solid and liquid. Subsequently, the operator installs the cover plate 101 for closing the tank opening onto the fermentation tank 1 to ensure a good seal.

[0042] Next, the motor 6 is started, and the output shaft of the motor 6 drives the bevel gear 1 601 to rotate. The bevel gear 1 601 is simultaneously engaged with the bevel gear 2 602 and the bevel gear 3 603, so that the bevel gear 2 602 drives the feed barrel 3 to rotate, and the bevel gear 3 603 drives the rotating shaft 301 to rotate. At the same time, the electric telescopic rod 505 is started, and the electric telescopic rod 505 performs telescopic motion according to the set frequency and stroke. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 505 drives the rotating ring 501 to move up and down, and the rotating ring 501 in turn drives the rotating sleeve 5 to reciprocate up and down on the feed barrel 3.

[0043] When the feeding cylinder 3 rotates, the rotating sleeve 5 rotates along with the feeding cylinder 3 under the limit of the slider, and the rotating sleeve 5 drives the lever 503 to rotate, so that the rotating lever 503 performs preliminary mixing on the materials. When the rotating sleeve 5 reciprocates up and down, the rotating lever 503 can mix the materials at different height layers more evenly.

[0044] At the same time, the rotating shaft 301 drives the spiral blade 302 to operate in the feed barrel 3. At this time, the material deposited inside the fermentation tank 1 enters the feed barrel 3 through the feed port 303. Driven by the spiral blade 302, the material moves upward and is discharged through the discharge port 304 at the upper end of the feed barrel 3. In this way, the material is circulated from bottom to top to be more fully mixed, thereby further improving the uniformity of the material mixing.

[0045] In summary, the bevel gear transmission system driven by the motor 6 realizes the rotation of the feed barrel 3 and the rotating shaft 301 at the same time, and cooperates with the electric telescopic rod 505 to drive the up and down reciprocating motion of the rotating sleeve 5, so that the lever 503 can stir the materials at different height layers. Combined with the material circulation and conveying function of the spiral blade 302, a multi-dimensional and three-dimensional stirring mode is formed, which improves the uniformity of material mixing. This efficient mixing method ensures that soil microorganisms are in full contact with nutrients, promotes a more complete fermentation reaction, and improves fermentation efficiency and quality.

[0046] Example 2: Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 4 , a soil microbial fermentation device, which is basically the same as Example 1, furthermore, the lever 503 is an elastic rod, and the end of the lever 503 away from the rotating sleeve 5 is fixedly connected to the counterweight ball 504.

[0047] During the mixing process, the rotating sleeve 5 starts to rotate and reciprocates up and down under the drive of the motor 6 and the electric telescopic rod 505. When the rotating sleeve 5 rotates at a low speed, the lever 503 remains basically straight under the gravity of the counterweight ball 504. At this time, the lever 503 mainly stirs the materials in the middle area of ​​the fermentation tank 1. As the rotating sleeve 5 rotates at an increased speed, the centrifugal force gradually increases. Under the combined action of the centrifugal force and the inertia of the counterweight ball 504, the lever 503 elastically deforms, bends outward, and rises upward. This deformation expands the effective stirring range of the lever 503, enabling it to reach materials in higher layers and more peripheral areas of the fermentation tank 1.

[0048] When the rotating sleeve 5 reciprocates up and down, the lever 503 in different deformation states can mix materials at different height layers more evenly. For solid materials, the bending and swinging of the lever 503 can effectively break up the agglomerated particles and make their distribution more even. For liquid or solid-liquid mixed materials, the high-speed movement of the lever 503 can generate eddy currents, enhance the convection and diffusion of the materials, and promote full contact between microorganisms and nutrients.

[0049] In summary, the elastic deformation of the lever 503 can automatically adjust the stirring range according to the rotation speed of the rotating sleeve 5, covering the middle area at low speed and expanding to the high layer and edge area at high speed, thereby realizing all-round stirring of materials at different height layers and positions in the fermentation tank 1, effectively eliminating the stirring dead corners, and improving the uniformity of material mixing. Among them, for solid materials, the elastic swing of the lever 503 can effectively break up the agglomerated particles and promote the dispersion of the materials. For liquid or solid-liquid mixed materials, the vortex it generates can enhance the convection and diffusion of the materials, so that the microorganisms are fully in contact with the nutrients, accelerate the fermentation reaction, improve the fermentation efficiency and product quality, shorten the fermentation cycle, and reduce production costs.

[0050] Example 3: Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 A soil microbial fermentation device is basically the same as Example 1, and further includes an air purification box 2 and a gas circulation pump 202 fixedly installed on the air purification box 2. The input end of the gas circulation pump 202 is connected to the fermentation tank 1 through the air transmission pipe 203 that passes through the cover 101, and the output end is connected to the air purification box 2. A hollow cavity 205 is opened between the inner and outer walls of the lower end of the fermentation tank 1. A plurality of air nozzles 206 arranged obliquely upward are equidistantly arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the fermentation tank 1. The air purification box 2 is connected to the hollow cavity 205 through the air transmission pipe 204.

[0051] A plurality of activated carbon filter elements 201 for filtering and purifying gas are inserted into the air purification box 2 at equal intervals.

[0052] When the fermentation process begins, the gas circulation pump 202 is started synchronously, and the gas in the fermentation tank 1 is extracted through the gas pipe 1 203 and sent to the air purification box 2. The gas flows horizontally in the air purification box 2 and passes through multiple activated carbon filter elements 201 in sequence. When passing through each filter element, particulate impurities, odor substances and harmful gases in the gas are adsorbed and trapped by the activated carbon.

[0053] The purified gas enters the hollow cavity 205 at the lower end of the fermentation tank 1 through the second gas pipe 204, forming a circular airflow in the hollow cavity 205. The gas is then sprayed into the fermentation tank 1 at a certain speed and angle through the upwardly inclined air nozzle 206. The injected gas fully contacts the material during the rising process, providing oxygen for the microorganisms on the one hand, and driving the material movement on the other hand, promoting the mixing and uniform distribution of the material.

[0054] As the gas circulates continuously, the gas in the fermentation tank 1 is continuously purified and renewed, forming a closed gas circulation system. During the fermentation process, the gas circulation flow rate can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the gas circulation pump 202 according to the fermentation stage and the metabolic needs of the microorganisms, ensuring that the microorganisms are always in a good gas environment, reducing the inhibitory effect of harmful gases on microbial metabolism, and promoting the smooth progress of the fermentation process. Among them, the upward angle design and annular distribution of the air nozzle 206 form an upward airflow after the gas is injected, which is combined with the mechanical stirring action of the lever 503 and the spiral blade 302 to form a multi-dimensional stirring mode. This composite stirring method can effectively improve the mixing uniformity of the materials. In particular, for materials with high viscosity, the disturbance effect of the gas can break the agglomeration of the materials, allowing the microorganisms to come into more complete contact with the nutrients, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency.

[0055] Example 4: Reference Figure 1 A soil microbial fermentation device is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that the inner wall of the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 is tapered, a discharge pipe 103 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and a valve switch is provided on the discharge pipe 103;

[0056] When the soil microbial fermentation process is completed, the operator first stops the operation of the motor 6 and the electric telescopic rod 505 to stop the stirring system. Then, the valve switch on the discharge pipe 103 is slowly opened. The fermented material is collected into the discharge pipe 103 along the inner wall of the conical bottom under the action of its own gravity. Due to the guiding effect of the conical structure, the material can flow into the discharge pipe 103 quickly and smoothly and then be discharged from the fermentation tank 1 through the discharge pipe 103.

[0057] For materials with high viscosity, the motor 6 can be started briefly before discharging to make the lever 503 and the spiral blade 302 stir at a low speed to assist the material to flow to the discharge port. During the discharging process, the discharge speed can be controlled by adjusting the opening of the valve switch to ensure smooth discharge of the material. After the discharging is completed, the valve switch is closed and the interior of the fermentation tank 1 can be cleaned and disinfected through the disassembly interface of the cover plate 101 to prepare for the next fermentation.

[0058] Example 5: Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 7, a soil microbial fermentation device, which is substantially the same as that of Example 1, furthermore, the cover plate 101 is detachably connected to the upper end of the fermentation tank 1 by fixing bolts 102;

[0059] The cover plate 101 is detachably connected to the fermentation tank 1 by fixing the bolts 102, so that the operator can conveniently perform various operations inside the fermentation tank 1, such as adding materials, cleaning the tank body, inspecting and repairing internal components, etc. At the same time, this connection method can ensure the sealing of the device during normal operation, maintain the stability of the gas environment in the fermentation tank 1, prevent gas leakage from affecting the fermentation process, and prevent external bacteria, dust, etc. from entering the fermentation tank 1 and contaminating the fermentation materials, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the fermentation process and the quality of the fermentation product.

[0060] It should be noted that the gas pipe 203 is a stretchable and shrinkable hose, so the gas pipe 203 will not interfere with the disassembly and assembly of the cover plate 101.

[0061] The cover plate 101 is fixedly connected to a sealing ring 4, and the outer wall of the sealing ring 4 is provided with a sealing ring 401, which fits the inner wall of the fermentation tank 1;

[0062] When the cover 101 is installed on the upper end of the fermentation tank 1 and the fixing bolts 102 are tightened, the sealing ring 4 and the sealing ring 401 move downward with the cover 101, and the sealing ring 401 fits tightly against the inner wall of the fermentation tank 1, filling the small gap between the cover 101 and the fermentation tank 1, thereby enhancing the sealing performance of the fermentation tank 1. It can not only prevent gas leakage, maintain the stability of the gas pressure and composition in the tank, and provide a stable environment for soil microbial fermentation, but also prevent external bacteria, dust and other pollutants from entering the fermentation tank 1, avoid contamination of the fermented materials, and ensure the normal progress of the fermentation process and the quality of the fermented products. Among them, good sealing performance also helps to reduce the volatilization loss of nutrients during the fermentation process and improve fermentation efficiency.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil microbial fermentation device, comprising a fermentation tank (1), characterized in that: Also includes: a cover plate (101) detachably connected to the upper end of the fermentation tank (1); A feeding cylinder (3) located in the fermentation tank (1) is rotatably connected to the cover plate (101); A rotating sleeve (5) is sleeved on the feeding cylinder (3), wherein a shifting rod (503) is fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve (5), a guide groove (502) is provided on the outer wall of the feeding cylinder (3), and a slider is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating sleeve (5), and the slider is slidably connected in the guide groove (502); A rotating ring (501) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the rotating sleeve (5); A driving unit is provided on the cover plate (101) and is used to drive the rotating ring (501) to drive the rotating sleeve (5) which rotates synchronously with the feeding cylinder (3) to move up and down in the tank; A rotating shaft (301) located in the feeding barrel (3) is rotatably connected to the cover plate (101), wherein a spiral blade (302) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (301), and a feeding port (303) is provided on the side wall of the lower end of the feeding barrel (3), and a discharging port (304) is provided on the side wall of the upper end.

2. A soil microbial fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shifting rod (503) is an elastic rod, and one end of the shifting rod (503) away from the rotating sleeve (5) is fixedly connected to a counterweight ball (504).

3. A soil microbial fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving part comprises an electric telescopic rod (505), the electric telescopic rod (505) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the cover plate (101), and the rotating ring (501) is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (505).

4. A soil microbial fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover plate (101) is fixedly connected to a motor (6), an output end of the motor (6) is fixedly connected to a bevel gear 1 (601), the feed cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to a bevel gear 2 (602), the rotating shaft (301) is fixedly connected to a bevel gear 3 (603), and both the bevel gear 2 (602) and the bevel gear 3 (603) are meshed with the bevel gear 1 (601).

5. A soil microbial fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes an air purification box (2) and a gas circulation pump (202) fixedly mounted on the air purification box (2); the input end of the gas circulation pump (202) is connected to the fermentation tank (1) through the first gas transmission pipe (203) penetrating the cover plate (101), and the output end is connected to the air purification box (2); a hollow cavity (205) is provided between the inner and outer walls of the lower end of the fermentation tank (1); a plurality of air nozzles (206) arranged upwardly and equidistantly on the inner wall of the fermentation tank (1); and the air purification box (2) is connected to the hollow cavity (205) through the second gas transmission pipe (204).

6. A soil microbial fermentation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of activated carbon filter elements (201) for filtering and purifying gas are inserted at equal intervals in the air purification box (2).

7. A soil microbial fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover plate (101) is detachably connected to the upper end of the fermentation tank (1) via fixing bolts (102).

8. A soil microbial fermentation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A sealing ring (4) is fixedly connected to the cover plate (101), and a sealing ring (401) is provided on the outer wall of the sealing ring (4), and the sealing ring (401) is in contact with the inner wall of the fermentation tank (1).

9. A soil microbial fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the bottom of the fermentation tank (1) is arranged in a conical shape. The bottom of the fermentation tank (1) is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe (103), and a valve switch is arranged on the discharge pipe (103).

10. A soil microbial fermentation method, using a soil microbial fermentation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: adding solid, liquid or solid-liquid mixed fermentation materials and bacterial strains into the fermentation tank (1) through the top opening, installing the cover plate (101) and fastening it with fixing bolts (102); Step 2: Turn on the motor (6), and drive the feeding cylinder (3) and the rotating shaft (301) to rotate synchronously through the meshing transmission of the bevel gear 1 (601), the bevel gear 2 (602), and the bevel gear 3 (603); Step 3: Start the electric telescopic rod (505), drive the rotating ring (501) and the rotating sleeve (5) to do up and down reciprocating motion on the feeding cylinder (3), so that the lever (503) on the rotating sleeve (5) can stir the materials at different height layers in three dimensions; Step 4: The spiral blades (302) on the rotating shaft (301) suck the material from the bottom of the fermentation tank (1) from the feed port (303) and discharge it from the discharge port (304) through the feeding cylinder (3), thereby achieving a cyclic mixing of the material from bottom to top; Step 5: If the lever (503) is an elastic rod and is connected to the weighted ball (504), it will produce elastic deformation as the rotation speed of the rotating sleeve (5) changes, adaptively expanding the stirring range to cover the high-level and edge materials; Step 6: Start the gas circulation pump (202) to draw the gas in the tank into the air purification box (2). After filtering through the activated carbon filter (201), the purified gas is sprayed into the tank through the hollow cavity (205) and the air nozzle (206) to supply oxygen and assist in mixing the materials. Step 7: After fermentation is completed, open the valve of the discharge pipe (103) and use the conical structure at the bottom of the tank to allow the materials to be collected and discharged under the action of gravity.

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