Testing system of phase change energy storage heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchangers, and particularly relates to a testing system of a phase change energy storage heat exchanger. The test system comprises a water storage unit, a heating unit, a cooling unit and a phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit. The test system can quickly test multiple alternate cooling and heating circulation working conditions such as same-direction, reverse and horizontal flow of the cooling and heating loop. In addition, the outlet temperature of the fluid working medium of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger can be accurately obtained in real time, and the heat storage capacity of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger can be accurately verified. Besides, basic data are provided for engineering design of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, the design condition of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger can be evaluated, the optimization direction of application of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger in the aerospace field is fully known and mastered, design errors of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger are reduced, and the design efficiency is improved. And the technical development of application of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger to the high-power space load is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchangers, and in particular relates to a testing system for a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger. Background Art

[0002] The primary function of a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger in a thermal control system is to store heat through the phase-change material when the payload is operating, ensuring a stable fluid temperature at the payload inlet. Furthermore, when the payload is not operating, the stored heat is dissipated within a specified timeframe to meet the needs of the next payload operation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that phase-change energy storage heat exchangers are crucial components in thermal control systems for spacecraft carrying high-power payloads, resolving the spatial and temporal mismatch between the supply and demand sides of thermal control systems. However, the phase-change energy storage heat exchangers currently used in the aerospace sector, primarily using paraffin as the phase-change material, have a relatively low energy-to-weight ratio.

[0003] To improve the energy-to-weight ratio of phase-change energy storage heat exchangers, after design and fabrication, extensive heat transfer capacity and flow resistance testing under various operating conditions is required to verify the design's rationality. However, most current testing systems are relatively rudimentary, with simplified testing procedures that fail to reflect the actual application of spacecraft thermal control systems. Furthermore, the testing system must be able to accurately verify the heat storage capacity of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger within a specified timeframe, assuming the outlet temperature of the working fluid meets the required requirements. Furthermore, numerous lightweight design and research efforts are currently underway for heat exchangers. These efforts aim to improve heat storage performance while reducing weight through material optimization, heat transfer enhancement, and structural optimization. To fully understand and prioritize the optimal application of phase-change energy storage heat exchangers in aerospace applications, it is necessary to determine the impact of various factors on heat storage performance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a testing system that can conduct alternating hot and cold cycles of heat exchangers under multiple operating conditions and closely resemble actual application conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a testing system for a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, aiming to solve existing technical problems.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by providing a testing system for a phase change energy storage heat exchanger, comprising: a water storage unit, the water storage unit comprising a water tank, a first water tank valve, a first pump, a first three-way valve, a second water tank valve, and a valve group, the water tank being connected to the first water tank valve, the second water tank valve, and the valve group, respectively; the first water tank valve being connected to the first pump; and the first pump being connected to the first valve port of the first three-way valve; a heating unit, the heating unit comprising a heater and a first valve, the heater being connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve and the first valve respectively; a cooling unit, the cooling unit comprising a water chiller, a second valve, and a second pump, the water chiller being connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve, the second water tank valve, and the second valve, respectively, and the second valve being connected to the second pump; and A phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit, the valve group, the first valve and the second pump are all connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit includes a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, a second three-way valve, a first four-way valve, a third three-way valve and a second four-way valve, the second three-way valve is connected to the first four-way valve, the first four-way valve is connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger is connected to the second four-way valve, and the second four-way valve is connected to the third three-way valve.

[0006] In some embodiments, the water storage unit further includes a first filter, which is respectively connected to the first water tank valve and the first pump; the heating unit further includes a second filter, which is respectively connected to the second valve and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit; the cooling unit further includes a third filter, which is respectively connected to the second pump and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit.

[0007] In some embodiments, the heating unit further includes a first flow meter, which is respectively connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve and the heater; the cooling unit further includes a second flow meter, which is respectively connected to the second pump and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit.

[0008] In certain embodiments, the valve group includes a third valve and a fourth valve, the third valve is connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit, and the fourth valve is connected to the third valve and the water tank respectively.

[0009] In certain embodiments, the water storage unit further includes a heating wire, a first thermocouple, and an agitator disposed in the water tank.

[0010] In certain embodiments, the heater is a liquid heater, and the heating unit further comprises a second thermocouple disposed inside the heater and a third thermocouple disposed at an outlet of the heater.

[0011] In certain embodiments, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit further includes a frame, and the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger is fixed on the frame.

[0012] In certain embodiments, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit further includes a fourth thermocouple and a fifth thermocouple, wherein the fourth thermocouple is disposed on the first four-way valve, and the fifth thermocouple is disposed on the second four-way valve.

[0013] In certain embodiments, the fourth thermocouple and the fifth thermocouple are both T-type sheathed thermocouples.

[0014] In certain embodiments, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit further includes a pressure difference sensor and a temperature sensor. The pressure difference sensor is disposed between the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve, and the temperature sensor is disposed on the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger.

[0015] The test system for the phase change energy storage heat exchanger provided by the present invention has a clear operating principle of the entire test system and is easy and quick to build. According to the specific application of the heat exchanger, the test system can quickly test various hot and cold alternating cycle conditions such as the same direction, reverse flow, and horizontal flow of the hot and cold circuits by changing the inlet and outlet positions of the hot and cold circuits and the flow direction of the fluid working medium. In addition, within the specified test time, the test system can not only obtain the outlet temperature of the fluid working medium of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger in real time and accurately, but also can accurately verify the heat storage capacity of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger. In addition, the test system also provides basic data for the engineering design of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger, can evaluate the design of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger, fully understand and grasp the optimization direction of the application of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger in the aerospace field, reduce the design errors of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger, and promote the technical development of the application of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger on high-power space loads. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a test system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a hot and cold co-current flow testing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a hot and cold reverse flow test system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "left", "right", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, electrical connections, or mutual communication; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0021] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0022] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and / or reference letters in different examples. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those skilled in the art will appreciate the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0023] refer to Figure 1-Figure 3 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a testing system for a phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41, comprising: The water storage unit 100 includes a water tank 11, a first water tank valve 12, a first pump 13, a first three-way valve 14, a second water tank valve 15, and a valve group. The water tank 11 is connected to the first water tank valve 12, the second water tank valve 15, and the valve group respectively. The first water tank valve 12 is connected to the first pump 13, and the first pump 13 is connected to the first valve port of the first three-way valve 14. A heating unit 200, comprising a heater 21 and a first valve 22, wherein the heater 21 is connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve 14 and the first valve 22 respectively; a cooling unit 300, comprising a water chiller 31, a second valve 32, and a second pump 33, wherein the water chiller 31 is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve 14, the second water tank valve 15, and the second valve 32, respectively, and the second valve 32 is connected to the second pump 33; and The phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400, the valve group, the first valve 22 and the second pump 33 are all connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400 includes a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41, a second three-way valve 42, a first four-way valve 43, a third three-way valve 45 and a second four-way valve 44, the second three-way valve 42 is connected to the first four-way valve 43, the first four-way valve 43 is connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 is connected to the second four-way valve 44, and the second four-way valve 44 is connected to the third three-way valve 45.

[0024] The first pump 13 is a large gear pump, and the second pump 33 is a small gear pump.

[0025] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, taking the first three-way valve 14 as a reference, the right side of the first three-way valve 14 is the first valve port, the left side of the first three-way valve 14 is the second valve port, and the top of the first three-way valve 14 is the third valve port.

[0026] The water tank 11, first water tank valve 12, first pump 13, first three-way valve 14, heater 21, first valve 22, second three-way valve 42, first four-way valve 43, phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41, second four-way valve 44, third three-way valve 45, and valve assembly form a hot circuit, which is used to test the energy storage (heat storage) effect of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. The water chiller 31, second valve 32, second pump 33, second three-way valve 42, first four-way valve 43, phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41, second four-way valve 44, and third three-way valve 45 form a cold circuit, which is used to test the energy release (cooling) effect of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. The water tank 11 , the first water tank valve 12 , the first pump 13 , the first three-way valve 14 , the water chiller 31 and the second water tank valve 15 form an additional circuit, which is used for fluid transmission between the water tank 11 and the water chiller 31 and for balancing the fluid temperature in the water tank 11 .

[0027] The test system also includes a data acquisition system 51 (e.g., a DAQ970A data acquisition system 51) and a computer 52. Various types of data collected in the sequencing system are input into the data acquisition system 51. The data acquisition system 51 is electrically connected to the computer 52. The computer 52 can analyze and process the collected data and control the test system.

[0028] The test system of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 provided by the present invention has a clear operating principle of the entire test system and is easy and quick to set up. According to the specific application of the heat exchanger, the test system can quickly test various hot and cold alternating cycle conditions such as the same direction, reverse flow, and horizontal flow of the hot and cold circuits by changing the inlet and outlet positions of the hot and cold circuits and the flow direction of the fluid working medium. In addition, within the specified test time, the test system can not only obtain the outlet temperature of the fluid working medium of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 in real time and accurately, but also can accurately verify the heat storage capacity of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41. In addition, the test system also provides basic data for the engineering design of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41, can evaluate the design of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41, fully understand and grasp the optimization direction of the application of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 in the aerospace field, reduce the design errors of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41, and promote the technical development of the application of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 on high-power space loads.

[0029] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3In some specific embodiments of the present application, the water storage unit 100 further includes a first filter 17, which is respectively connected to the first water tank valve 12 and the first pump 13; the heating unit 200 further includes a second filter 23, which is respectively connected to the second valve 3222 and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400; the cooling unit 300 further includes a third filter 34, which is respectively connected to the second pump 33 and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first filter 17 is an industrial filter, the second filter 23 is a high-precision filter, and the third filter 34 is a high-precision filter. The first filter 17, the second filter 23, and the third filter 34 are all used to filter impurities.

[0031] The first filter 17 is arranged on the hot circuit and the additional circuit. During the hot circuit process, the first filter 17 plays the role of filtering impurities for the hot circuit. During the additional circuit process, the first filter 17 also plays the role of filtering impurities for the additional circuit. Therefore, only one filter is needed to meet the use requirements of multiple processes, reduce system costs and reduce system construction steps.

[0032] The second filter 23 is connected to the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400, specifically to the second three-way valve 42, which can ensure that no tiny particle impurities enter the narrow flow channel inside the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 during the heat circuit process, thereby reducing the risk of contamination of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41.

[0033] The third filter 34 is connected to the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400, specifically to the second three-way valve 42, which can ensure that no tiny particle impurities enter the narrow flow channel inside the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 during the cold circuit, thereby reducing the risk of contamination of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41.

[0034] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some specific embodiments of the present application, the heating unit 200 also includes a first flow meter 24, which is respectively connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve 14 and the heater 21; the cooling unit 300 also includes a second flow meter 35, which is respectively connected to the second pump 33 and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400.

[0035] In some embodiments, the first flow meter 24 is a large smart liquid turbine flow meter, and the second flow meter 35 is a small smart liquid turbine flow meter.

[0036] The first flowmeter 24 is disposed within the thermal circuit and is capable of acquiring high-precision flow data during the thermal circuit operation, and adjusting the flow rate of the fluid working medium in real time based on the flow data. Specifically, the first flowmeter 24 is connected to a data acquisition system 51 and a computer 52 via a data transmission cable. The first flowmeter 24 acquires flow data and inputs the flow data into the data acquisition system 51. The computer 52 controls the first pump 13 based on the flow data, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the fluid working medium in real time.

[0037] A second flowmeter 35 is provided in the cooling circuit and is capable of acquiring highly accurate flow data during the cooling circuit operation, allowing for real-time adjustment of the fluid flow rate. Specifically, the second flowmeter 35 is connected to a data acquisition system 51 and a computer 52 via a data transmission cable. The second flowmeter 35 acquires flow data and inputs it into the data acquisition system 51. The computer 52 then controls the second pump 33 based on the flow data, thereby enabling real-time adjustment of the fluid flow rate.

[0038] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some specific embodiments of the present application, the valve group includes a third valve 161 and a fourth valve 162, the third valve 161 is connected to the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400, and the fourth valve 162 is respectively connected to the third valve 161 and the water tank 11.

[0039] During the heat circuit process, the third valve 161 and the fourth valve 162 are opened to realize the transmission of the fluid working medium.

[0040] In some specific embodiments of the present application, the water storage unit 100 further includes a heating wire, a first thermocouple, and an agitator disposed in the water tank 11 .

[0041] By setting up a heating wire, a first thermocouple and an agitator, the temperature of the fluid working medium in the water tank 11 can be obtained in real time based on the first thermocouple. When the temperature of the fluid working medium in the water tank 11 is low, the preliminary heating function can also be achieved based on the heating wire and the agitator.

[0042] In some specific embodiments of the present application, the heater 21 is a liquid heater 21 , and the heating unit 200 further includes a second thermocouple disposed inside the heater 21 and a third thermocouple disposed at an outlet of the heater 21 .

[0043] The second and third thermocouples can be used to obtain real-time information about the internal and outlet temperatures of the heater 21, thereby enabling timely adjustment of the heating power to achieve constant heating power. Alternatively, under the control of the computer 52, a setting can be provided to ensure that the fluid temperature at the outlet of the heater 21 remains constant within a short period of time, thereby adapting to various test conditions.

[0044] In some specific embodiments of the present application, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400 further includes a frame, and the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 is fixed on the frame.

[0045] The frame provides support for the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. The specific setting method is to design an aluminum profile frame around the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. The aluminum profile is fixed by angle brackets. The aluminum profile intervals can place the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 horizontally or vertically. The way to place the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 is to set an aluminum plate. The aluminum plate is drilled with holes according to the design before installation. It is vertically fixed to the aluminum profile frame with screws, and then the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 is vertically fixed to the aluminum plate with screws and nuts. The phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 is installed according to the above steps, which is convenient and quick to operate.

[0046] In some specific embodiments of the present application, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400 further includes a fourth thermocouple 46 and a fifth thermocouple 47 . The fourth thermocouple 46 is disposed on the first four-way valve 43 , and the fifth thermocouple 47 is disposed on the second four-way valve 44 .

[0047] In some specific embodiments of the present application, the fourth thermocouple 46 and the fifth thermocouple 47 are both T-type armored thermocouples.

[0048] The fourth thermocouple 46 and the fifth thermocouple 47 are both connected to the data acquisition system 51 and the computer 52 via compensation wires, wherein the compensation wires have the same chemical composition and thermoelectromotive force value as the fourth thermocouple 46 and the fifth thermocouple 47, and can provide more accurate temperature measurement results.

[0049] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some specific embodiments of the present application, the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit 400 also includes a pressure difference sensor 48 and a temperature sensor 49. The pressure difference sensor 48 is arranged between the first four-way valve 43 and the second four-way valve 44, and the temperature sensor 49 is arranged on the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41.

[0050] Here we describe in detail the various testing processes of the test system.

[0051] Test 1: Phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 hot and cold co-current flow storage and release performance test refer to Figure 2 ,The whole test system is mainly composed of a hot loop, a cold loop and an ,additional loop.

[0052] The thermal circuit is used to test the energy storage (heat storage) effect of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. The thermal circuit includes a water tank 11, which is externally connected to a first water tank valve 12. The pipeline passes through an industrial filter and is connected to a first pump 13, and then passes through a first three-way valve 14 and is connected to a first flowmeter 24; then it is connected to a heater 21 and a first valve 22, and then passes through a second filter 23 and a second three-way valve 42, and then the pipeline is connected to a first four-way valve 43; the first four-way valve 43 is connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 and then to a second four-way valve 44, and a fourth thermocouple 46 and a fifth thermocouple 47 are installed on the first four-way valve 43 and the second four-way valve 44 respectively, and a differential pressure sensor 48 is provided between the first four-way valve 43 and the second four-way valve 44; the fourth thermocouple 46, the fifth thermocouple 47 and the differential pressure sensor 48 are connected to a data acquisition system 51 and a computer 52, so that test data can be obtained in real time. After the second four-way valve 44 , the pipeline is connected to the water tank 11 through the third three-way valve 45 , the third valve 161 and the fourth valve 162 .

[0053] The cold circuit is used to test the energy release (cooling) effect of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. The cold circuit includes a water chiller 31. The water chiller 31 is externally connected to a second valve 32. The pipeline is connected to the inlet of the second pump 33, and then from the outlet through the second flowmeter 35, the third filter 34 and the second three-way valve 42 to the first four-way valve 43; the first four-way valve 43 is connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 and then to the second four-way valve 44. After the second four-way valve 44, the pipeline is connected back to the water chiller 31 through the third three-way valve 45.

[0054] The additional circuit is used to transfer fluid between the water tank 11 and the water chiller 31 and also balances the fluid temperature within the water tank 11. The additional circuit includes the water tank 11, which is externally connected to a first water tank valve 12. A pipeline passes through a first filter 17, then connects to a first pump 13. After passing through a first three-way valve 14, it connects to the water chiller 31. From the water chiller 31, it then connects back to the water tank 11 via a second water tank valve 15.

[0055] The performance test method of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 is: first perform cooling conditions, then complete heat storage conditions, and then perform cold-hot alternating cycle testing.

[0056] according to Figure 2 In the test system for the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 shown, during the pre-test preparation phase, ensure that all valves in the test system are closed. First, fill the water tank 11 with 80-90 L of fluid (e.g., ethylene glycol-water solution). Before testing, turn on the main power supply for the test system.

[0057] Before conducting the cooling condition test, the fluid in the water tank 11 is first sent to the water chiller 31 .

[0058] To perform the additional loop process: 1) Turn on the data acquisition system 51 and the computer 52; 2) Open all valves on the additional circuit (adjust the first three-way valve 14 to connect the additional circuit, open the first water tank valve 12 and the second water tank valve 15), start the first pump 13, and charge about 60L of fluid into the water chiller 31. Then, turn off the first pump 13, close all valves on the additional circuit, start the water chiller 31, and set the temperature to the desired level. 3) According to actual operation requirements, if the temperature in the water tank 11 is high, the second water tank valve 15 is opened to transfer the low-temperature fluid in the chiller 31 back to the water tank 11 for cooling. At the same time, the agitator in the water tank 11 is turned on to accelerate the mixing of the cold and hot fluids. After the temperature in the water tank 11 drops to the required temperature, the second water tank valve 15 is closed; if the temperature in the water tank 11 is low, the heating wire and the agitator in the water tank 11 are turned on to increase the temperature of the fluid in the water tank 11.

[0059] 4) Repeat steps 2) and 3) before performing the cooling operation, ensuring that there is about 60 L of fluid in the chiller 31 and no less than 45 L of fluid in the water tank 11.

[0060] Perform the cold circuit process - cooling conditions: 1) Turn on the second flow meter 35, the differential pressure sensor 48, the temperature sensor 49, the data acquisition system 51, and the computer 52 to obtain information such as flow rate, differential pressure, and temperature in real time; 2) Open the second valve 32, controlling the second three-way valve 42, the first four-way valve 43, the third three-way valve 45, and the second four-way valve 44 to connect the cooling circuit. Simultaneously, start the second pump 33 (the speed of the second pump 33 is calibrated before the cooling circuit is started) to quickly adjust the cooling circuit flow to the required flow rate. 3) After completing step 2), the test timer begins. After cooling is complete, the data acquisition system 51 is stopped and the data is saved to the computer 52. The second pump 33, the second flow meter 35, and the second valve 32 are sequentially closed, and finally, the water chiller 31 is closed. This brings the test system to a standstill, completing the cooling condition test.

[0061] Perform heat circuit process - heat storage condition: 1) Turn on the first flow meter 24, the differential pressure sensor 48, the temperature sensor 49, the data acquisition system 51, and the computer 52 to obtain information such as flow rate, differential pressure, and temperature in real time; 2) Open the first water tank valve 12, first valve 22, third valve 161, and fourth valve 162. Then, control the first three-way valve 14, second three-way valve 42, first four-way valve 43, third three-way valve 45, and second four-way valve 44 to connect the heat circuit. Turn on the first flowmeter 24, turn on the heater 21, and adjust the heating power to the required level. Simultaneously, turn on the first pump 13 (the speed of the first pump 13 is calibrated before the heat circuit is started) to quickly adjust the heat circuit flow to the required level. 3) After completing step 2), the test timing is started, and the inlet and outlet temperature curves of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 are acquired. Data acquisition is stopped when the outlet temperature of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 exceeds the technically required temperature (or after the specified heat storage time has been reached), and the test data is saved. The heater 21, first flowmeter 24, first pump 13, first water tank valve 12, first valve 22, third valve 161, and fourth valve 162 are then sequentially closed to complete the heat storage test. By post-processing the test data, the average heat transfer power of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 can be obtained. 4) Check all joints in the test system for leaks and all valves to ensure they are closed. Finally, turn off the main power supply of the test system and clean up the test system.

[0062] Test 2: Phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 hot and cold reverse flow storage and release performance test refer to Figure 3 ,The whole test system is mainly composed of a hot loop, a cold loop and an ,additional loop.

[0063] The thermal circuit is used to test the energy storage (heat storage) effect of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. The thermal circuit includes a water tank 11, which is externally connected to a first water tank valve 12. The pipeline passes through an industrial filter and is connected to a first pump 13, and then passes through a first three-way valve 14 and is connected to a first flowmeter 24; then it is connected to a heater 21 and a first valve 22, and then passes through a second filter 23 and a second three-way valve 42, and then the pipeline is connected to a first four-way valve 43; the first four-way valve 43 is connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 and then to a second four-way valve 44, and a fourth thermocouple 46 and a fifth thermocouple 47 are installed on the first four-way valve 43 and the second four-way valve 44 respectively, and a differential pressure sensor 48 is provided between the first four-way valve 43 and the second four-way valve 44; the fourth thermocouple 46, the fifth thermocouple 47 and the differential pressure sensor 48 are connected to a data acquisition system 51 and a computer 52, so that test data can be obtained in real time. After the second four-way valve 44 , the pipeline is connected to the water tank 11 through the third three-way valve 45 , the third valve 161 and the fourth valve 162 .

[0064] The cooling circuit is used to test the energy release (cooling) performance of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. It includes a water chiller 31, which is externally connected to a second valve 32. A pipeline connects to the inlet of a second pump 33, then passes through a second flowmeter 35, a third filter 34, and a third three-way valve 45 before connecting to a second four-way valve 44. The second four-way valve connects to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 and then to the first four-way valve 43. A fifth thermocouple 47 and a fourth thermocouple 46 are installed on the second and first four-way valves, respectively. A differential pressure sensor 48 is located between the second and first four-way valves 44 and 43. These five thermocouples, along with the differential pressure sensor 48, are connected to a data acquisition system 51 and a computer 52, enabling real-time test data. After the first four-way valve 43, the pipeline returns to the water chiller 31 via the second three-way valve 42.

[0065] The additional circuit is used to transfer fluid between the water tank 11 and the water chiller 31 and also balances the fluid temperature within the water tank 11. The additional circuit includes the water tank 11, which is externally connected to a first water tank valve 12. A pipeline passes through a first filter 17, then connects to a first pump 13. After passing through a first three-way valve 14, it connects to the water chiller 31. From the water chiller 31, it then connects back to the water tank 11 via a second water tank valve 15.

[0066] The performance test method of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 is as follows: first perform the cooling condition, then complete the heat storage condition, and then perform the cold-hot alternating cycle test.

[0067] according to Figure 3 In the test system for the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 shown, during the pre-test preparation phase, ensure that all valves in the test system are closed. First, fill the water tank 11 with 80-90 L of fluid (e.g., ethylene glycol-water solution). Before testing, turn on the main power supply for the test system.

[0068] Before the cooling condition test, the fluid in the water tank 11 is first sent to the water cooler 31 .

[0069] To perform the additional loop process: 1) Turn on the data acquisition system 51 and the computer 52; 2) Open all valves on the additional circuit (adjust the first three-way valve 14 to connect the additional circuit, open the first water tank valve 12 and the second water tank valve 15), start the first pump 13, and charge about 60L of fluid into the water chiller 31. Then, turn off the first pump 13, close all valves on the additional circuit, start the water chiller 31, and set the temperature to the desired level. 3) According to actual operation requirements, if the temperature in the water tank 11 is high, open the second water tank valve 15 to transfer the low-temperature fluid in the chiller 31 back to the water tank 11 for cooling. At the same time, turn on the agitator in the water tank 11 to accelerate the mixing of the cold and hot fluids. After the temperature in the water tank 11 drops to the required temperature, close the second water tank valve 15. After completion, close the second water tank valve 15. If the temperature in the water tank 11 is low, turn on the heating wire and the agitator in the water tank 11 to increase the temperature of the fluid in the water tank 11.

[0070] 4) Repeat steps 2) and 3) before performing the cooling operation, ensuring that there is about 60 L of fluid in the chiller 31 and no less than 45 L of fluid in the water tank 11.

[0071] Perform the cold circuit process - cooling conditions: 1) Turn on the second flow meter 35, the differential pressure sensor 48, the temperature sensor 49, the data acquisition system 51, and the computer 52 to obtain information such as flow rate, differential pressure, and temperature in real time; 2) Open the second valve 32, controlling the third three-way valve 45, the second four-way valve 44, the first four-way valve 43, and the second three-way valve 42 to connect the cooling circuit. Simultaneously, start the second pump 33 (the speed of the second pump 33 is calibrated before the cooling circuit is started) to quickly adjust the cooling circuit flow to the required flow rate. 3) After completing step 2), the test timer begins. After cooling is complete, the data acquisition system 51 is stopped and the data is saved to the computer 52. The second pump 33, the second flow meter 35, and the second valve 32 are sequentially closed, and finally, the water chiller 31 is closed. This brings the test system to a standstill, completing the cooling condition test.

[0072] Perform heat circuit process - heat storage condition: 1) Turn on the first flow meter 24, the differential pressure sensor 48, the temperature sensor 49, the data acquisition system 51, and the computer 52 to obtain information such as flow rate, differential pressure, and temperature in real time; 2) Open the first water tank valve 12, first valve 22, third valve 161, and fourth valve 162. Then, control the first three-way valve 14, second three-way valve 42, first four-way valve 43, third three-way valve 45, and second four-way valve 44 to connect the heat circuit. Turn on the first flowmeter 24, turn on the heater 21, and adjust the heating power to the required level. Simultaneously, turn on the first pump 13 (the speed of the first pump 13 is calibrated before the heat circuit is started) to quickly adjust the heat circuit flow to the required level. 3) After completing step 2), the test timing is started, and the inlet and outlet temperature curves of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 are acquired. Data acquisition is stopped when the outlet temperature of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 exceeds the technically required temperature (or after the specified heat storage time has been reached), and the test data is saved. The heater 21, first flowmeter 24, first pump 13, first water tank valve 12, first valve 22, third valve 161, and fourth valve 162 are then sequentially closed to complete the heat storage test. By post-processing the test data, the average heat transfer power of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 can be obtained. 4) Check all joints in the test system for leaks and all valves to ensure they are closed. Finally, turn off the main power supply of the test system and clean up the test system.

[0073] Test 3: Additional flow resistance test of phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 When testing the flow resistance of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41, place the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 horizontally. Before starting the flow resistance test, ensure that all valves in the test system are closed. Ensure that the water tank 11 contains at least 45 L of fluid (e.g., ethylene glycol-water solution), and turn on the main power supply of the test system.

[0074] The flow resistance test is only performed in the hot circuit and does not require the heater 21 to be turned on. The specific test operation process is as follows: 1) Turn on the first flow meter 24, the differential pressure sensor 48, the data acquisition system 51, and the computer 52 to obtain flow and differential pressure information in real time, and then reset the differential pressure sensor 48 to zero; 2) Open first valve 22, first water tank valve 12, first valve 22, third valve 161, and fourth valve 162. Then, control first three-way valve 14, second three-way valve 42, first four-way valve 43, second four-way valve 44, and third three-way valve 45 to connect the thermal circuit. Simultaneously, start first pump 13 (the speed of first pump 13 is calibrated before the thermal circuit is started) to quickly adjust the thermal circuit flow rate to the required flow rate for the test. 3) After step 2) is completed, the test timer is started. After 3 minutes of testing, the pressure difference value of the pressure difference sensor 48 is observed and recorded. After the data is recorded, the first pump 13, the first flow meter 246-1, the first water tank valve 12, the first valve 22, the third valve 161, and the fourth valve 162 are closed in sequence to complete a flow resistance test of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41. 4) Repeat steps 2) to 3) three times, take the average of the three flow resistance data, and obtain the average flow resistance data of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41; 5) Repeat steps 1) to 4) to change the fluid flow rate and measure the flow resistance data of the phase change energy storage heat exchanger 41 at different flow rates; 6) The flow resistance data of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41 measured at different flow rates can be compared and processed with the pressure difference data measured under the above two working conditions to obtain more accurate flow resistance data of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41.

[0075] The entire test system uses a chiller 31 as the cooling source for the liquid circuit and a heater 21 as the heat source, circulating cooling and heating the fluid within the circuit, providing a constant temperature or constant heating power. A first pump 13 and a second pump 33 serve as the power sources for the liquid circulation. Adjusting the speed (0–3000 rpm, in 1 rpm increments) allows precise control of the flow rate within the circuit. A first flowmeter 24 and a second flowmeter 35 measure the flow rate within the circuit. A differential pressure sensor 48 measures the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41, thereby determining the flow resistance at the rated flow rate. The fourth thermocouple 46, the fifth thermocouple 47, the differential pressure sensor 48, the first flowmeter 24, the second flowmeter 35, the first pump 13, the second pump 33, and a data acquisition system 51 and computer 52 control, measure, and record the temperature, flow resistance, and flow rate of the inlet and outlet of the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41. The total heat exchange rate and average heat exchange power over the test period are then calculated. This testing confirms whether the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41's heat storage capacity and energy-to-weight ratio meet technical requirements within a specified timeframe, provided the fluid outlet temperature meets the required requirements. The entire testing system efficiently tests the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger 41's energy storage and release performance, as well as its flow resistance. It also rapidly switches the flow direction of hot and cold circuits, making it suitable for a variety of operating conditions.

[0076] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0077] In addition, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing system for a phase change energy storage heat exchanger, characterized in that: include: a water storage unit, the water storage unit comprising a water tank, a first water tank valve, a first pump, a first three-way valve, a second water tank valve, and a valve group, the water tank being connected to the first water tank valve, the second water tank valve, and the valve group, respectively; the first water tank valve being connected to the first pump; and the first pump being connected to the first valve port of the first three-way valve; a heating unit, the heating unit comprising a heater and a first valve, the heater being connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve and the first valve respectively; a cooling unit, the cooling unit comprising a water chiller, a second valve, and a second pump, the water chiller being connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve, the second water tank valve, and the second valve, respectively, and the second valve being connected to the second pump; and A phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit, the valve group, the first valve and the second pump are all connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit includes a phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, a second three-way valve, a first four-way valve, a third three-way valve and a second four-way valve, the second three-way valve is connected to the first four-way valve, the first four-way valve is connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger, the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger is connected to the second four-way valve, and the second four-way valve is connected to the third three-way valve.

2. The phase change energy storage heat exchanger testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage unit also includes a first filter, which is respectively connected to the first water tank valve and the first pump; the heating unit also includes a second filter, which is respectively connected to the second valve and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit; the cooling unit also includes a third filter, which is respectively connected to the second pump and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit.

3. The testing system for phase change energy storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating unit further includes a first flow meter, which is respectively connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve and the heater; the cooling unit further includes a second flow meter, which is respectively connected to the second pump and the phase change energy storage heat exchanger unit.

4. The testing system for phase change energy storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve group includes a third valve and a fourth valve, the third valve is connected to the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit, and the fourth valve is respectively connected to the third valve and the water tank.

5. The testing system for phase change energy storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage unit further includes a heating wire, a first thermocouple and a stirrer arranged in the water tank.

6. The phase change energy storage heat exchanger testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heater is a liquid heater, and the heating unit further includes a second thermocouple arranged inside the heater and a third thermocouple arranged at an outlet of the heater.

7. The phase change energy storage heat exchanger testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit further includes a frame, and the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger is fixed on the frame.

8. The phase change energy storage heat exchanger testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit further includes a fourth thermocouple and a fifth thermocouple. The fourth thermocouple is arranged on the first four-way valve, and the fifth thermocouple is arranged on the second four-way valve.

9. The phase change energy storage heat exchanger testing system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fourth thermocouple and the fifth thermocouple are both T-type armored thermocouples.

10. The testing system for phase change energy storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase-change energy storage heat exchanger unit further includes a pressure difference sensor and a temperature sensor. The pressure difference sensor is arranged between the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve, and the temperature sensor is arranged on the phase-change energy storage heat exchanger.

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