Device for detecting ammonia-nitrogen concentration difference absorption of water body based on microwave remote sensing

Abstract

The application discloses a water body ammonia nitrogen concentration differential absorption detection device based on microwave remote sensing, relates to the technical field of water pollution detection, and comprises a floating platform for floating on a detection water body and a mounting plate arranged on the floating platform. A microwave emission module and a microwave receiving module for microwave remote sensing detection are mounted on the mounting plate. A signal processing and analysis module for information processing and a data storage and display module are arranged on the floating platform. In the detection process, through the cooperation of a swing assembly, a water body depth identification assembly, a lifting assembly and an adjusting assembly, the microwave signal emitted by the microwave emission module on the mounting plate can cover a larger area of the water surface, three-dimensional sampling of the water body can be realized, one-sidedness of single-point detection can be avoided, the detection state can be adaptively adjusted according to the depth of the detection water body during the detection, and flexible detection operation is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water pollution detection technology, specifically to a differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water bodies based on microwave remote sensing. Background Technology

[0002] The differential absorption spectrometry device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing utilizes the interaction characteristics between microwaves and pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen in water to detect water pollution. The core principle of this device is "differential absorption spectroscopy," which combines microwave remote sensing technology to detect the specific absorption characteristics of ammonia nitrogen molecules in water. The specific principle is as follows:

[0003] Interaction between microwaves and ammonia nitrogen

[0004] Ammonia nitrogen (NH3, NH4) + Ammonia nitrogen molecules have specific absorption spectral lines in the microwave frequency band (usually at the GHz level, such as 20-100GHz). When microwave signals pass through water bodies, ammonia nitrogen molecules selectively absorb microwave energy of specific frequencies, resulting in signal intensity attenuation. The degree of attenuation is positively correlated with the concentration of ammonia nitrogen.

[0005] The core logic of differential absorption

[0006] Two microwave wavelengths with similar frequencies are selected: one is the characteristic absorption frequency (measurement frequency) of ammonia nitrogen, and the other is the reference frequency where ammonia nitrogen hardly absorbs. The difference in attenuation of the microwave signals of the two wavelengths in the water body is compared (i.e., "differential absorption") to eliminate the interference of other components in the water body (such as water molecules, suspended solids, etc.) and environmental factors (such as temperature and salinity), thereby accurately retrieving the ammonia nitrogen concentration.

[0007] In monitoring operations, the microwave transmitting and receiving modules of the differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water bodies based on microwave remote sensing are used in relatively fixed positions, which limits the area of ​​the water surface covered by microwaves and makes three-dimensional sampling inconvenient. Furthermore, because the positions of the microwave transmitting and receiving modules are relatively fixed, it is impossible to adjust their height according to the depth of the water body, affecting flexible detection operations. Therefore, we propose a differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water bodies based on microwave remote sensing. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing, comprising a floating platform for floating on the water body to be detected and an mounting plate disposed on the floating platform, wherein a microwave transmitting module and a microwave receiving module for microwave remote sensing detection are mounted on the mounting plate, and a signal processing and analysis module and a data storage and display module for information processing are disposed on the floating platform, and further comprising:

[0010] A movable component is located at the bottom of the floating platform to assist the platform in moving on the water surface.

[0011] A swing assembly, mounted on a floating platform, is used to assist in swinging the mounting plate.

[0012] A water depth identification component is mounted on a floating platform for water depth identification.

[0013] A lifting assembly is mounted on a floating platform to adjust the height of the mounting plate according to the water depth. An adjustment assembly is provided between the lifting assembly and the swing assembly to adaptively adjust the swing amplitude during the lifting process.

[0014] Preferably, the swing assembly includes a swing plate, the mounting plate is fixed to the lower end of the swing plate, the swing plate is provided with a transmission groove, a transmission pin is slidably connected to the transmission groove, and the floating platform is provided with a connecting assembly for assisting the swing plate to be rotatably connected and a driving assembly for driving the transmission pin.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the microwave signal emitted by the microwave transmitting module on the mounting plate can cover a larger area of ​​the water surface, realizing three-dimensional sampling of the water body and avoiding the one-sidedness of single-point detection.

[0016] Preferably, the connecting assembly includes a connecting plate and a mounting base disposed above the floating platform. The connecting plate and the mounting base are connected and fixed by multiple sets of connecting rods, and the upper end of the swing plate is rotatably connected to the mounting base by a pin.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, it is easy to rotatably connect the end of the swing plate to the mounting base.

[0018] Preferably, the drive assembly includes an operation plate disposed between the mounting base and the floating platform, a telescopic assembly for assisting telescopic connection is disposed between the mounting base and the operation plate, a circular groove is provided on the operation plate, a disc is rotatably connected inside the circular groove, one end of the transmission pin is fixed on the disc, and the transmission pin is eccentrically disposed on the disc, and a rotation assembly for rotating the disc is provided on the operation plate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the swing plate and the mounting plate at one end of the swing plate are subjected to force to swing back and forth in a fan shape.

[0020] The rotating assembly includes a gear ring fixed to the outside of the disc, an L-shaped frame fixed to one side of the operating plate, a gear rotatably connected to the L-shaped frame, the gear meshing with the gear ring, and a first motor for driving the gear mounted on the L-shaped frame.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the disc is driven to rotate on the circular groove.

[0022] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes mounting blocks fixed to both sides of the mounting base, and a T-shaped rod is slidably connected to the mounting block, with one end of the T-shaped rod fixed to the upper end of the operating plate;

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, it is convenient to guide the telescopic movement between the auxiliary control panel and the mounting base.

[0024] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a lifting platform disposed above the floating platform, a threaded rod rotatably connected to the lifting platform, a threaded tube threadedly engaged with the threaded rod, one end of the threaded tube being fixed to the upper end of the floating platform, and a guide assembly for guiding during the lifting process being disposed between the lifting platform and the floating platform.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the lifting platform can move up and down after being subjected to force.

[0026] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a mounting frame fixed to the upper end of the lifting platform, a connecting plate fixedly mounted on the mounting frame, a transmission plate fixed on the operating plate, a threaded sleeve fixed on the transmission plate, a lead screw rotatably connected to the mounting frame, the threaded sleeve being threadedly engaged with the lead screw, and one end of the lead screw being fixed to one end of the threaded rod, a second motor for driving the lead screw being mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame, and multiple sets of guide rods slidably connected to the transmission plate, the guide rods being fixed between the mounting frame and the lifting platform;

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the usage status of the disc and the transmission pin on the disc can be adjusted.

[0028] Preferably, the guide assembly includes multiple sets of sleeves fixed to the upper end of the floating platform, with slide rods slidably connected to the sleeves, and one end of the slide rods fixed to the lifting platform;

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, it is easier to guide the lifting of the auxiliary lifting platform.

[0030] Preferably, the water depth identification component and the swing component are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the floating platform. The water depth identification component includes a fixed platform fixed to one side of the floating platform, and an echo sounder for water depth identification is installed on the fixed platform.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the water depth at the location where the floating platform is used can be identified.

[0032] Preferably, the moving component includes a mounting slot formed at the bottom of the floating platform, on which a water jet propulsion pump for assisting in moving is mounted;

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, it is easier for the auxiliary floating platform to move.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] During the detection process, the present invention, through the cooperation of the swing component, water depth identification component, lifting component and adjustment component, enables the microwave signal emitted by the microwave transmitting module on the mounting plate to cover a larger area of ​​the water surface, realizing three-dimensional sampling of the water body and avoiding the one-sidedness of single-point detection. It also enables the detection state to be adaptively adjusted according to the depth of the water body during the detection process, which facilitates flexible detection operations. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile component structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the swing component structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting assembly, guiding assembly, and adjusting assembly of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating component and telescopic component of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drive component structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the oscillation process of the oscillation component of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the swing state of the swing component when the height is increased according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the swing state of the swing component when the height is reduced according to the present invention.

[0045] In the diagram: 101-Floating platform; 102-Mounting plate; 201-Mounting groove; 202-Water jet propulsion pump; 301-Swing plate; 302-Transmission groove; 303-Transmission pin; 401-Connecting plate; 402-Connecting rod; 403-Mounting base; 404-Pin shaft; 501-Operating plate; 502-Circular groove; 503-Disc; 601-Gear ring; 602-L-shaped frame; 603-Gear; 604-First motor; 701-Mounting block; 702-T-shaped rod; 801-Lifting platform; 802-Threaded rod; 803-Threaded pipe; 901-Sleeve; 902-Slide rod; 1001-Transmission plate; 1002-Mounting bracket; 1003-Screw rod; 1004-Threaded sleeve; 1005-Second motor; 1006-Guide rod; 1101-Fixed platform; 1102-Echo sounder. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Please see Figures 1-9 The water ammonia nitrogen concentration differential absorption detection device based on microwave remote sensing shown in the figure includes a floating platform 101 for floating on the water body to be detected and a mounting plate 102 set on the floating platform 101. The mounting plate 102 is equipped with a microwave transmitting module and a microwave receiving module for microwave remote sensing detection. The floating platform 101 is equipped with a signal processing and analysis module and a data storage and display module for information processing.

[0049] It should be noted here that the microwave transmitting module emits two microwave beams at a preset frequency, one of which is the measurement frequency (f1), corresponding to ammonia nitrogen (NH3 / NH4). +The device uses a characteristic absorption frequency band, with one frequency (f2) as the reference frequency. A frequency band where ammonia nitrogen has no significant absorption is selected to offset the non-specific attenuation of the water background (water molecules, suspended matter). The microwave receiving module synchronously captures the measurement frequency and reference frequency signals after water attenuation, converts them into electrical signals, and transmits them to the signal processing and analysis module. The signal processing and analysis module performs noise filtering (eliminating environmental electromagnetic interference) and gain amplification on the electrical signals to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and compares the signal attenuation of the measurement frequency and the reference frequency. During the processing, the differential absorption value is calculated. Based on Lambert-Beer's law and combined with the pre-calibrated mapping relationship between the microwave absorption coefficient and ammonia nitrogen concentration, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body is inverted. The inversion result is stored in the storage and display module, and the concentration value, waveform, or spatial distribution curve is output in real time through the storage and display module. Historical data query and export are supported. During the entire detection process, the device compares the calculated ammonia nitrogen concentration data with the water quality standard to determine the degree of water pollution.

[0050] It is worth noting here that the microwave transmitting module, microwave receiving module, signal processing and analysis module, and data storage and display module are conventional components of the differential absorption detection technology for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing in this application. Their working principles and operation methods are existing technologies in this application and will not be elaborated on here.

[0051] Also includes:

[0052] A movable component is provided at the bottom of the floating platform 101 to assist the floating platform 101 in moving on the water surface;

[0053] A swing assembly is provided on the floating platform 101 to assist in the swinging of the mounting plate 102;

[0054] A water depth identification component is mounted on the floating platform 101 for water depth identification.

[0055] A lifting assembly is installed on the floating platform 101 to adjust the height of the mounting plate 102 according to the water depth. An adjustment assembly is provided between the lifting assembly and the swing assembly to adaptively adjust the swing amplitude during the lifting process.

[0056] It should be noted that during the detection process, the coordinated operation of the swing component, water depth identification component, lifting component, and adjustment component enables the microwave signal emitted by the microwave transmitting module on the mounting plate 102 to cover a larger area of ​​the water surface, achieving three-dimensional sampling of the water body and avoiding the one-sidedness of single-point detection. It also allows for adaptive adjustment of the detection state according to the depth of the water body during the detection process, facilitating flexible detection operations.

[0057] Preferably, the swing assembly includes a swing plate 301, a mounting plate 102 fixed to the lower end of the swing plate 301, a transmission groove 302 is provided on the swing plate 301, a transmission pin 303 is slidably connected to the transmission groove 302, and a connecting assembly for assisting the swing plate 301 in rotatable connection and a driving assembly for driving the transmission pin 303 are provided on the floating platform 101.

[0058] It should be noted here that: through transmission, the swing plate 301 and the mounting plate 102 at one end of the swing plate 301 are subjected to force to swing back and forth in a fan shape. Through the fan-shaped back and forth swing of the mounting plate 102, the microwave signal emitted by the microwave transmitting module on the mounting plate 102 covers a larger area of ​​the water surface, realizing three-dimensional sampling of the water body and avoiding the one-sidedness of single-point detection.

[0059] Preferably, the connecting assembly includes a connecting plate 401 and a mounting base 403 disposed above the floating platform 101. The connecting plate 401 and the mounting base 403 are connected and fixed by multiple sets of connecting rods 402. The upper end of the swing plate 301 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 403 by a pin 404.

[0060] It should be noted here that the pin 404 facilitates the rotatable connection between the end of the swing plate 301 and the mounting base 403.

[0061] Preferably, the drive assembly includes an operation plate 501 disposed between the mounting base 403 and the floating platform 101. A telescopic assembly for auxiliary telescopic connection is disposed between the mounting base 403 and the operation plate 501. A circular groove 502 is provided on the operation plate 501. A disc 503 is rotatably connected inside the circular groove 502. One end of a transmission pin 303 is fixed on the disc 503, and the transmission pin 303 is eccentrically disposed on the disc 503. A rotating assembly for rotating the disc 503 is provided on the operation plate 501.

[0062] It should be noted here that: by rotating the assembly, the disc 503 is driven to rotate on the groove 502. During the rotation of the disc 503, through the interaction between the transmission pin 303 and the transmission groove 302 on the swing plate 301, and the rotatable connection between the mounting base 403 and the swing plate 301 through the pin 404, the swing plate 301 and the mounting plate 102 at one end of the swing plate 301 are subjected to force and swing back and forth in a fan shape.

[0063] The rotating assembly includes a gear ring 601 fixed to the outside of the disc 503, an L-shaped frame 602 fixed to one side of the operating plate 501, a gear 603 rotatably connected to the L-shaped frame 602, the gear 603 and the gear ring 601 meshing with each other, and a first motor 604 for driving the gear 603 is mounted on the L-shaped frame 602.

[0064] It should be noted that the first motor 604 drives the gear 603 to rotate. During the rotation of the gear 603, the meshing transmission between the gear 603 and the gear ring 601 drives the disc 503 to rotate on the circular groove 502.

[0065] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes mounting blocks 701 fixed to both sides of the mounting base 403, and a T-shaped rod 702 slidably connected to the mounting block 701, one end of the T-shaped rod 702 being fixed to the upper end of the operating plate 501;

[0066] It should be noted here that the two sets of mounting blocks 701 and the two sets of T-shaped rods 702 facilitate the telescopic guidance between the auxiliary operating plate 501 and the mounting base 403.

[0067] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a lifting platform 801 disposed above the floating platform 101, a threaded rod 802 rotatably connected to the lifting platform 801, a threaded tube 803 threadedly engaged with the threaded rod 802, one end of the threaded tube 803 being fixed to the upper end of the floating platform 101, and a guide assembly for guiding during the lifting process is provided between the lifting platform 801 and the floating platform 101.

[0068] It should be noted here that: through transmission, the threaded rod 802 is driven to rotate. During the rotation of the threaded rod 802, the lifting platform 801 is raised and lowered by the mutual meshing transmission between the threaded rod 802 and the threaded tube 803 and the sliding guidance of the sleeve 901 and the slide rod 902.

[0069] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a mounting frame 1002 fixed to the upper end of the lifting platform 801, a connecting plate 401 fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 1002, a transmission plate 1001 fixed on the operating plate 501, a threaded sleeve 1004 fixed on the transmission plate 1001, a lead screw 1003 rotatably connected to the mounting frame 1002, the threaded sleeve 1004 threadedly engaging with the lead screw 1003, and one end of the lead screw 1003 being fixed to one end of the threaded rod 802. A second motor 1005 for driving the lead screw 1003 is mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame 1002, and multiple sets of guide rods 1006 are slidably connected to the transmission plate 1001, with the guide rods 1006 fixed between the mounting frame 1002 and the lifting platform 801.

[0070] It should be noted that during the rotation of the lead screw 1003, the transmission plate 1001 and the operating plate 501 are driven to move relative to the mounting base 403 by the mutual meshing transmission between the lead screw 1003 and the threaded sleeve 1004 and the sliding guidance of multiple sets of guide rods 1006. The operating plate 501 moves upward relative to the mounting base 403, thereby adjusting the usage status of the disc 503 and the transmission pin 303 on the disc 503.

[0071] Preferably, the guide assembly includes multiple sets of sleeves 901 fixed to the upper end of the floating platform 101, and a slide rod 902 is slidably connected to the sleeve 901, with one end of the slide rod 902 fixed to the lifting platform 801;

[0072] It should be noted here that the sleeve 901 and the slide rod 902 facilitate the lifting and guiding of the auxiliary lifting platform 801.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Please see Figures 1-2 This embodiment further illustrates embodiment 1. The water depth identification component and the swing component shown in the figure are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the floating platform 101. The water depth identification component includes a fixed platform 1101 fixed to one side of the floating platform 101. An echo sounder 1102 for water depth identification is installed on the fixed platform 1101.

[0075] It should be noted here that the water depth at the location of the floating platform 101 is identified by the echo sounder 1102 on the fixed platform 1101.

[0076] It is worth noting here that the echo sounder 1102 utilizes the propagation speed and reflection characteristics of ultrasonic waves in water to calculate the water depth by measuring the time interval between the transmission and reception of the sound wave. The working principle and operation method of the echo sounder 1102 are prior art in this application and will not be elaborated further here.

[0077] Preferably, the moving component includes a mounting slot 201 formed at the bottom of the floating platform 101, on which a water jet propulsion pump 202 for assisting in moving drive is mounted;

[0078] It should be noted here that the water jet propulsion pump 202 inside the mounting slot 201 facilitates the movement of the auxiliary floating platform 101.

[0079] It is worth noting here that the water jet propulsion pump 202 is a conventional drive component, and its working principle and operation method are existing technology in this application, so they will not be elaborated on here.

[0080] In this scheme, the differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing includes the following steps:

[0081] The floating platform 101 is placed on the surface of the water body to be tested. After placement, the moving component moves the floating platform 101 to the designated position on the water surface. After the movement is completed, the microwave transmitting module emits two microwave beams at a preset frequency. One beam is the measurement frequency (f1), corresponding to ammonia nitrogen (NH3 / NH4). +The device uses a characteristic absorption frequency band, with one frequency (f2) as the reference frequency. A frequency band where ammonia nitrogen has no significant absorption is selected to offset the non-specific attenuation of the water background (water molecules, suspended matter). The microwave receiving module synchronously captures the measurement frequency and reference frequency signals after water attenuation, converts them into electrical signals, and transmits them to the signal processing and analysis module. The signal processing and analysis module performs noise filtering (eliminating environmental electromagnetic interference) and gain amplification on the electrical signals to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and compares the signal attenuation of the measurement frequency and the reference frequency. During the processing, the differential absorption value is calculated. Based on Lambert-Beer's law and combined with the pre-calibrated mapping relationship between the microwave absorption coefficient and ammonia nitrogen concentration, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body is inverted. The inversion result is stored in the storage and display module, and the concentration value, waveform, or spatial distribution curve is output in real time through the storage and display module. Historical data query and export are supported. During the entire detection process, the device compares the calculated ammonia nitrogen concentration data with the water quality standard to determine the degree of water pollution.

[0082] During the testing process, the first motor 604 drives the gear 603 to rotate. As the gear 603 rotates, the meshing transmission between the gear 603 and the gear ring 601 causes the disc 503 to rotate on the circular groove 502. During the rotation of the disc 503, the interaction between the transmission pin 303 and the transmission groove 302 on the swing plate 301, and the rotatable connection of the mounting base 403 to the swing plate 301 via the pin 404, cause the swing plate 301 and the mounting plate 102 at one end of the swing plate 301 to undergo a fan-shaped reciprocating oscillation (see...). Figure 7 (in the state of the installation plate 102), the microwave signal emitted by the microwave transmitting module on the installation plate 102 is oscillating back and forth in a fan shape, so that the microwave signal can cover a larger area of ​​the water surface, thereby achieving three-dimensional sampling of the water body and avoiding the one-sidedness of single-point detection.

[0083] Furthermore, during the detection process, the water depth recognition component identifies the depth of the water at the detection location. When the detected depth is relatively deep, the second motor 1005 drives the lead screw 1003 to rotate. During the rotation of the lead screw 1003, the threaded rod 802 rotates. Through the meshing transmission between the threaded rod 802 and the threaded tube 803, and the sliding guidance of the sleeve 901 and the slide rod 902, the lifting platform 801, under pressure, rises. During the upward and downward movement of the 01 module, the mounting plate 102 is driven to rise through the connection of the mounting bracket 1002, connecting plate 401, connecting rod 402, mounting base 403, and swing plate 301, thereby increasing the usable height of the microwave transmitting module and microwave receiving module. Meanwhile, during the rotation of the lead screw 1003, the mutual meshing transmission between the lead screw 1003 and the threaded sleeve 1004, and the sliding guidance of multiple sets of guide rods 1006, drive the transmission plate 1001 and the operating plate 501 to move relative to the mounting base 403 under force (see...). Figure 8 (The state of the disk 503) is adjusted by the upward relative movement of the control plate 501 to the mounting base 403, thereby regulating the usage state of the disk 503 and the transmission pin 303 on the disk 503. Since one end of the swing plate 301 remains rotatably connected to the mounting base 403, by adjusting the position of the transmission pin 303 toward the mounting base 403, the transmission pin 303 rotates with the transmission groove 302, causing the swing plate 301 and the microwave transmitting module and microwave receiving module on the mounting plate 102 to swing more significantly (see...). Figure 8 Therefore, when the water depth at the detection location is relatively deep, the height of the microwave transmitting and receiving modules is increased and their swing amplitude is increased through transmission. Because the water depth varies greatly at different locations in deep water areas, increasing the height and swing amplitude of the microwave transmitting and receiving modules allows microwaves to be incident at different angles, covering an oblique profile from the water surface to the deepest layers, achieving a more comprehensive three-dimensional scan, avoiding the limitations of single-point detection, and forming a fan-shaped scanning area in the horizontal direction. This is suitable for large-area monitoring in open deep water areas such as the center of lakes and reservoirs. Conversely, when the water depth at the detection location is relatively shallow, the height of the microwave transmitting and receiving modules is reduced and their swing amplitude is decreased through the opposite transmission (see...). Figure 9In shallow water areas, where the water thickness is limited, if the detection height is too high, microwaves can easily penetrate the water and be reflected by the bottom, forming multiple reflection clutter that interferes with the ammonia nitrogen characteristic signal. Lowering the height can shorten the signal optical path, allowing microwaves to mainly propagate in the water, reducing bottom reflection interference. Furthermore, by reducing the swing amplitude, microwaves can be fixed within a small angle range for emission, avoiding scanning the air or bottom, ensuring that the detection area only covers the surface to middle layer of the water, improving data relevance, and enabling adaptive adjustment of the detection state according to the depth of the water body during the detection process, facilitating flexible detection operations.

[0084] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0085] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A differential absorption spectrometer for detecting ammonia nitrogen concentration in water bodies based on microwave remote sensing, comprising: A floating platform (101) for floating on the water body to be detected and an mounting plate (102) set on the floating platform (101). The mounting plate (102) is equipped with a microwave transmitting module and a microwave receiving module for microwave remote sensing detection. The floating platform (101) is equipped with a signal processing and analysis module and a data storage and display module for information processing. Its characteristic is that it further includes: A movable component is provided at the bottom of the floating platform (101) to assist the floating platform (101) in moving on the water surface; A swing assembly is provided on the floating platform (101) to assist in swinging the mounting plate (102); A water depth identification component is mounted on a floating platform (101) for water depth identification; A lifting assembly is provided on the floating platform (101) for adjusting the height of the mounting plate (102) according to the water depth. An adjustment assembly for adaptive adjustment of the swing amplitude during the lifting process is provided between the lifting assembly and the swing assembly. The swing assembly includes a swing plate (301), the mounting plate (102) is fixed to the lower end of the swing plate (301), the swing plate (301) is provided with a transmission groove (302), the transmission groove (302) is slidably connected with a transmission pin (303), and the floating platform (101) is provided with a connecting assembly for rotatably connecting the swing plate (301) and a driving assembly for driving the transmission pin (303). The connecting assembly includes a connecting plate (401) and a mounting base (403) disposed above the floating platform (101). The connecting plate (401) and the mounting base (403) are connected and fixed by multiple sets of connecting rods (402). The upper end of the swing plate (301) is rotatably connected to the mounting base (403) by a pin (404). The drive assembly includes an operation plate (501) disposed between the mounting base (403) and the floating platform (101). A telescopic assembly for auxiliary telescopic connection is provided between the mounting base (403) and the operation plate (501). A circular groove (502) is provided on the operation plate (501). A disc (503) is rotatably connected inside the circular groove (502). One end of the transmission pin (303) is fixed on the disc (503), and the transmission pin (303) is eccentrically positioned on the disc (503). A rotating assembly for rotating the disc (503) is provided on the operation plate (501). The rotating assembly includes a gear ring (601) fixed to the outside of the disc (503), an L-shaped frame (602) fixed to one side of the operating plate (501), a gear (603) rotatably connected to the L-shaped frame (602), the gear (603) meshing with the gear ring (601), and a first motor (604) for driving the gear (603) mounted on the L-shaped frame (602).

2. The differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly includes mounting blocks (701) fixed on both sides of the mounting base (403), and a T-shaped rod (702) is slidably connected on the mounting block (701). One end of the T-shaped rod (702) is fixed to the upper end of the operating plate (501).

3. The differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting assembly includes a lifting platform (801) disposed above the floating platform (101), a threaded rod (802) rotatably connected to the lifting platform (801), a threaded tube (803) threadedly engaged with the threaded rod (802), one end of the threaded tube (803) being fixed to the upper end of the floating platform (101), and a guide assembly for guiding during the lifting process is provided between the lifting platform (801) and the floating platform (101).

4. The differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes a mounting bracket (1002) fixed to the upper end of the lifting platform (801), a connecting plate (401) fixedly mounted on the mounting bracket (1002), a transmission plate (1001) fixed on the operating plate (501), a threaded sleeve (1004) fixed on the transmission plate (1001), a lead screw (1003) rotatably connected to the mounting bracket (1002), the threaded sleeve (1004) threadedly engaged with the lead screw (1003), and one end of the lead screw (1003) fixed to one end of the threaded rod (802). A second motor (1005) for driving the lead screw (1003) is mounted on the upper end of the mounting bracket (1002). Multiple sets of guide rods (1006) are slidably connected to the transmission plate (1001), and the guide rods (1006) are fixed between the mounting bracket (1002) and the lifting platform (801).

5. The differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide assembly includes multiple sets of sleeves (901) fixed to the upper end of the floating platform (101), and a slide rod (902) is slidably connected to the sleeve (901). One end of the slide rod (902) is fixed to the lifting platform (801).

6. The differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water depth identification component and the swing component are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the floating platform (101). The water depth identification component includes a fixed platform (1101) fixed to one side of the floating platform (101). An echo sounder (1102) for water depth identification is installed on the fixed platform (1101).

7. The differential absorption detection device for ammonia nitrogen concentration in water based on microwave remote sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving component includes a mounting slot (201) formed at the bottom of the floating platform (101), on which a water jet propulsion pump (202) for assisting in moving drive is mounted.

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