Package full life cycle tracing system based on block chain and Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses a package full life cycle tracing system based on a block chain and the Internet of Things. The system comprises a package identification module which generates a unique digital identity and binds a block chain account; according to the multi-source information acquisition module, an embedded sensor network monitors the packaging state in real time; the data uplink processing module is used for spatio-temporal data enhancement and block chain transaction construction; the alliance chain network module is used for distributed account book management and consensus verification; the life cycle tracing module is used for full-cycle data visualization; and the closed-loop recovery verification module is used for carrying out recovery processing digital authentication. The system has the advantages that through deep fusion of the block chain and the Internet of Things, a full-life-cycle credible tracing closed-loop system is constructed, the problem that data of a traditional tracing system is easily tampered is solved, logistics optimization suggestions and quality early warning are generated in real time, and the packaging recovery rate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of packaging management technology, and specifically to a packaging full life cycle traceability system based on blockchain and the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Current packaging traceability technologies, such as barcodes and RFID, present challenges such as data tampering, high risks associated with centralized servers, and disconnected nodes. Traditional solutions struggle to achieve reliable tracking throughout the entire packaging lifecycle (design, production, packaging, transportation, sales, and recycling). Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a packaging full life cycle traceability system based on blockchain and the Internet of Things.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: a packaging lifecycle traceability system based on blockchain and the Internet of Things. The packaging identification module uses the SHA-256 algorithm to generate a 256-bit unique identification code for each packaging unit. This is used to generate a unique digital identity for each packaging unit, and the digital identity is encrypted and bound to a unique blockchain account. The Ethereum ERC-721 standard is used to create an NFT smart contract account and write the identification code into the contract.

[0005] A multi-source information acquisition module, embedded and integrated inside or on the surface of the packaging unit, includes multiple types of sensors for real-time data collection during the production, storage and transportation, terminal use, and recycling preparation stages of the packaging, including environmental status data (including temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity); physical status data (including three-dimensional spatial displacement vectors, acceleration impact peaks, and binary unsealing status signals based on thin-film sensors or fracture circuits);

[0006] a data on-chain processing module, communicatively connected to the multi-source information acquisition module, configured to add an accurate timestamp and source identifier to the data collected by the multi-source information acquisition module, generate an event data hash value, and encrypt an event data packet containing the event data, timestamp, source identifier, and event data hash value and upload it to the blockchain network through the blockchain account bound to the packaging unit;

[0007] The data uplink processing module is connected to the multi-source information acquisition module via the low-power wide-area Internet of Things protocol and executes:

[0008] (a) Add device fingerprint, Beidou / GPS geographic coordinates, and atomic clock-synchronized nanosecond timestamps to the original collected data;

[0009] (b) Generate event data hash summary based on SHA-256 algorithm;

[0010] (c) constructing an encrypted event data packet containing a five-tuple consisting of timestamp, geographic location, device fingerprint, event data, and hash summary;

[0011] (d) Initiate a signed transaction through the bound smart contract account and write the event data packet into the blockchain network;

[0012] The consortium chain network module is a distributed ledger system composed of multiple authorized nodes. It is used to receive data upload requests from the data upload processing module, verify the validity and source legitimacy of the event data packets through a preset consensus mechanism, write the verified event data packets into the tamper-proof blockchain data blocks in chronological order, and complete data synchronization of all authorized nodes;

[0013] The life cycle traceability module provides a standardized data access interface, responds to query requests from external terminal devices based on the unique digital identity, extracts all historical event data of the packaging unit corresponding to the digital identity from the alliance chain network module, and generates a visual traceability report with spatiotemporal dimensions, including a verifiable electronic report of spatiotemporal trajectory animation, environmental parameter time series graph, and impact event statistical matrix;

[0014] The closed-loop recycling verification module is used to identify the unique digital identity in the packaging recycling link, scan the digital identity to activate the smart contract, write the digital recycling certificate containing the recycling time, the identity of the recycling entity, and the final disposal method of the packaging, and submit the digital recycling certificate to the alliance chain network module for storage after encryption and signing, thereby forming a closed-loop record of the complete life cycle of the packaging from generation to recycling and disposal.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the packaging identification module includes:

[0016] An identification generation unit, which generates a unique identification code including a public key address based on an encryption algorithm;

[0017] a physical carrier unit, encoding the unique identification code into at least one of a QR code, an RFID tag, or an NFC chip, and attaching the physical carrier unit to the packaging unit;

[0018] An account binding unit creates a smart contract account uniquely corresponding to the unique identification code in the alliance chain network module as the blockchain account.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the multi-source information acquisition module includes:

[0020] Environmental monitoring unit, integrating temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and light sensor;

[0021] Motion sensing unit, integrating a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope;

[0022] A status detection unit, which uses a conductive ink circuit or a pressure-sensitive film to detect the unsealing status of the package and generate a corresponding electrical signal;

[0023] The edge computing unit preprocesses the raw sensor data collected by the environment monitoring unit, the motion sensing unit, and the state detection unit, including filtering, noise reduction, and format conversion, and generates a data packet that conforms to a preset structure.

[0024] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution: the operations performed by the data uplink processing module include:

[0025] a) adding the unique ID of the acquisition device, the geographical location information at the time of acquisition, and a nanosecond-level precision timestamp to the data received from the multi-source information acquisition module;

[0026] b) When there is batch event data, a Merkle Tree structure is used to construct a hash tree for the batch data and generate a root hash value;

[0027] c) Initiating a blockchain transaction request through the smart contract account, the transaction request including the event data packet or its hash value, and paying the corresponding gas fee to execute the transaction.

[0028] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the alliance chain network module:

[0029] Use PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) or Raft consensus algorithm for inter-node consensus;

[0030] Contains authorization nodes with three preset roles: manufacturing enterprise node, logistics enterprise node, and regulatory agency node;

[0031] Each data block contains a block header, a transaction list, and a state tree root hash. The block header stores the encrypted hash value of the previous block.

[0032] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the life cycle tracing module:

[0033] Provides a privacy-preserving query mechanism based on zero-knowledge proof, allowing verification of the authenticity of query results without revealing the original data details;

[0034] The generated visual traceability report includes a graph showing changes in environmental parameters over time, a geographical heat map of the packaging transportation path, and a statistical table recording impact events exceeding thresholds;

[0035] The data access interface can be accessed through WeChat mini-programs, web browser applications, and dedicated barcode scanner devices.

[0036] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the closed-loop recycling verification module:

[0037] The generated digital recycling certificate contains the digital signature of the authorized environmental protection treatment enterprise;

[0038] Upon submission of the digital recycling voucher, the smart contract account is triggered to execute predefined business logic, including returning the deposit to the consumer's associated account;

[0039] Based on the full life cycle data of the packaging, a carbon footprint accounting report for the packaging unit is generated, and the report is written into the alliance chain network module for evidence storage.

[0040] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution: applying the system described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:

[0041] S1: Identity binding: inject the unique digital identity into the packaging unit on the packaging production line and activate the corresponding blockchain smart contract account in the consortium chain network;

[0042] S2: Data collection: Continuously collect environmental status data and physical status data of the packaging during circulation through the multi-source information collection module integrated in the packaging unit;

[0043] S3: Data preprocessing and chain upload request: Add accurate timestamps, geographic location tags and device IDs to the collected data, generate event hash values, construct encrypted event data packets, and initiate chain upload transaction requests through the smart contract account and submit them to the consortium chain network;

[0044] S4: Consensus verification and ledger update: Authorized nodes in the consortium chain network verify the validity and source legitimacy of the event data packet through a consensus algorithm, write the verified data into a new block in chronological order, update the distributed ledger, and complete node synchronization;

[0045] S5: Retrospective query and report generation: In response to external query requests, the complete historical event data chain is extracted from the alliance chain through the unique digital identity identifier, and a tamper-proof life cycle retrospective report is generated;

[0046] S6: Recycling verification and closed loop: In the packaging recycling process, the unique digital identity is identified, and a digital recycling certificate containing recycling information and disposal methods is generated and submitted to the alliance chain for storage, completing the closed-loop recording and verification of the packaging life cycle.

[0047] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: the present invention deeply integrates blockchain and the Internet of Things to build a closed-loop trusted traceability system for the entire life cycle; an algorithm is used to generate a unique digital identity and cryptographically bind it to the smart contract, and a tamper-proof data chain is constructed by combining the time-space quintuple (nanosecond timestamp + Beidou / GPS coordinates + device fingerprint + sensor data + hash summary), achieving two-way anchoring from physical packaging to blockchain evidence storage;

[0048] Achieve blockchain-native trusted evidence of the physical status of packaging (impact / opening) and environmental parameters (temperature and humidity), solving the problem of data tampering in traditional traceability systems.

[0049] Multi-source sensors (±0.3°C temperature control / ±200g impact detection / microsecond-level opening identification) generate real-time logistics optimization suggestions and quality warnings through edge-cloud collaborative processing;

[0050] Through the binding + smart contract deposit mechanism, a "production-consumption-recycling" economic closed loop is constructed to improve the packaging recycling rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] Combined with attachment Figure 1 , a packaging full life cycle traceability system based on blockchain and the Internet of Things, packaging identification module implementation

[0054] Identification generation unit: Run the identification generation algorithm (Python 3.10 + PyCryptodome library) on the packaging production line control server, input the packaging serial number and production batch number, and generate a 256-bit unique identification code using the SHA-256 algorithm.

[0055] Physical carrier unit:

[0056] Encode the identification code into a QR Code (error correction level H) or a QR code and print it on the packaging surface by laser etching;

[0057] Or write UHF RFID tags and embed them in the packaging interlayer.

[0058] Account Binding Unit:

[0059] Call the Ethereum Geth client to deploy the ERC-721 smart contract;

[0060] Execute the contract method mintToken and write the identification code as tokenURI metadata into the contract;

[0061] Generate a blockchain account address bound to the identification code.

[0062] Implementation of multi-source information acquisition module: Hardware configuration (integrated on PCB board):

[0063] Unit Type Sensor Model

[0064] Environmental monitoring unit Sensirion SHT45 temperature and humidity sensor

[0065] MAX44009 light sensor

[0066] Motion sensing unit ADXL375 three-axis accelerometer (±200g)

[0067] L3GD20H gyroscope

[0068] Status detection unit conductive ink break circuit (normally closed type)

[0069] Edge computing unit: uses STM32L4R9 microcontroller and runs FreeRTOS real-time system;

[0070] Implementation of data on-chain processing module:

[0071] 1. Data enhancement and encryption: After receiving the data packet, the following data is added: device fingerprint (the last 6 bytes of the MAC address), geographic coordinates obtained by the Beidou BDM-030 module (WGS84 format), and nanosecond timestamp synchronized by the PTP protocol (accuracy ±100ns);

[0072] Perform a SHA-256 hash calculation.

[0073] 3. Construct an encrypted data packet;

[0074] 4. Blockchain transaction initiation: Call the Web3.py library to initiate a signature transaction.

[0075] Alliance chain network module implementation: using PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) or Raft consensus algorithm for inter-node consensus;

[0076] Contains authorization nodes with three preset roles: manufacturing enterprise node, logistics enterprise node, and regulatory agency node;

[0077] Each data block contains a block header, a transaction list, and a state tree root hash. The block header stores the encrypted hash value of the previous block.

[0078] Implementation of life cycle traceability module:

[0079] 1. Privacy protection inquiry process:

[0080] 2. The user submits a query request: {tokenID:123,request:"path_trace"};

[0081] Generate zero-knowledge proof parameters:

[0082] zk-SNARKs proof=generate_proof(verification_key,private_inputs);

[0083] 3. Return the verification result.

[0084] Implementation of the closed-loop recycling verification module: The recycling terminal scans the packaging label to obtain the tokenID, calls the smart contract and performs the carbon footprint accounting logic.

[0085] Among them, the smart contract method:

[0086] function generateRecycleCredential(uint tokenID, bytes memoryrecyclerSig, uint8disposalType) public returns(bytes32 credentialHash) { require(verifySignature(recyclerSig)); / / Verify the recycling enterprise signature

[0087] credentials[tokenID]=Credential(block.timestamp,disposalType);

[0088] emit RecycleEvent(tokenID, disposalType); / / trigger deposit return logic}

[0089] Carbon footprint accounting logic:

[0090] defcalculate_carbon_footprint():

[0091] transport_km=get_transport_distance() / / Get transport distance from blockchain

[0092] material_co2={'plastic':3.5,'paper':1.2}[material_type]

[0093] total_co2=transport_km*0.12+material_co2*weight

[0094] return round(total_co2,2) / / Unit: kgCO2e

[0095] Based on the full life cycle data of the packaging, a carbon footprint accounting report for the packaging unit is generated, and the report is written into the alliance chain network module for evidence storage.

[0096] System operation process implementation example

[0097] S1 Identity Binding: Inject the unique digital identity into the packaging unit on the packaging production line and activate the corresponding blockchain smart contract account in the consortium chain network;

[0098] On the filling production line, when a PET bottle passes through the laser marking station, the identification generation unit is triggered, the smart contract is called synchronously, the corresponding blockchain smart contract account is activated in the alliance chain network, and the metadata is written to IPFS.

[0099] S2-S3 data collection and chain upload: collect environmental and physical status data of packaging during circulation, pre-process data and upload request to chain;

[0100] During transportation, the accelerometer detected an 8.5G shock (lasting 5ms), and the edge computing unit generated an event packet;

[0101] Upload to the regional server via the LoRaWAN gateway, adding timestamps and GPS coordinates;

[0102] S4 Consensus Verification: Consensus Verification and Ledger Update: Authorized nodes in the consortium chain network verify the validity and source legitimacy of the event data packet through a consensus algorithm, write the verified data into a new block in chronological order, update the distributed ledger, and complete node synchronization;

[0103] The logistics enterprise node verifies the validity of the event signature, and the supervision node checks whether the temperature data complies with the drug transportation specifications (2-8°C). Consensus is reached within 3 seconds and written into the block.

[0104] S5 Retrospective Query: In response to external query requests, the complete historical event data chain is extracted from the alliance chain through the unique digital identity, and a tamper-proof life cycle retrospective report is generated;

[0105] When consumers scan the QR code to trigger a query, the system generates a PDF report (cryptographically signed) containing the following content, an animated route trajectory diagram of the transportation route, and a temperature fluctuation curve: periods exceeding the standard are marked in red (>8°C for 30 minutes).

[0106] S6 Recycling Verification: During the packaging recycling process, the unique digital identity is identified, and a digital recycling certificate containing recycling information and disposal methods is generated and submitted to the consortium chain for storage, completing the closed-loop recording and verification of the packaging life cycle;

[0107] The recycling station uses NFC to read the tag, and the environmental protection company uses its private key to sign the certificate, triggering the smart contract to return the deposit to the consumer's wallet and generate a carbon footprint report that is written into the blockchain.

[0108] The present invention and its embodiments are described above. This description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, designs structures and embodiments similar to this technical solution without inventiveness, they shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A packaging life cycle traceability system based on blockchain and the Internet of Things, characterized by: The packaging identification module is used to generate a unique digital identity for each packaging unit and cryptographically bind the digital identity to a unique blockchain account; A multi-source information acquisition module, physically integrated with the packaging unit, includes multiple types of sensors for collecting real-time environmental and physical status data during the production, transportation, and use of the packaging. The environmental status data includes temperature, humidity, and light intensity; the physical status data includes three-dimensional displacement, acceleration impact value, and unsealing status detection results based on sensor signals. a data on-chain processing module, communicatively connected to the multi-source information acquisition module, configured to add an accurate timestamp and source identifier to the data collected by the multi-source information acquisition module, generate an event data hash value, and encrypt an event data packet containing the event data, timestamp, source identifier, and event data hash value and upload it to the blockchain network through the blockchain account bound to the packaging unit; The consortium chain network module is a distributed ledger system composed of multiple authorized nodes. It is used to receive data upload requests from the data upload processing module, verify the validity and source legitimacy of the event data packets through a preset consensus mechanism, write the verified event data packets into the tamper-proof blockchain data blocks in chronological order, and complete data synchronization of all authorized nodes; The lifecycle tracing module provides a standardized data access interface, responds to query requests from external terminal devices based on the unique digital identity, extracts all historical event data of the packaging unit corresponding to the digital identity from the alliance chain network module, and generates a visual tracing report including time and space dimensions; The closed-loop recycling verification module is used to identify the unique digital identity in the packaging recycling link, generate a digital recycling certificate containing the recycling time, the identity of the recycling entity, and the final disposal method of the packaging, and submit the digital recycling certificate to the alliance chain network module for storage after encryption and signing, forming a closed-loop record of the complete life cycle of the packaging from generation to recycling and disposal.

2. The blockchain-based and IoT-based packaging lifecycle traceability system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The packaging identification module includes: An identification generation unit, which generates a unique identification code including a public key address based on an encryption algorithm; a physical carrier unit, encoding the unique identification code into at least one of a QR code, an RFID tag, or an NFC chip, and attaching the physical carrier unit to the packaging unit; An account binding unit creates a smart contract account uniquely corresponding to the unique identification code in the alliance chain network module as the blockchain account.

3. The blockchain-based and IoT-based packaging lifecycle traceability system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The multi-source information acquisition module includes: Environmental monitoring unit, integrating temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and light sensor; Motion sensing unit, integrating a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope; A status detection unit, which uses a conductive ink circuit or a pressure-sensitive film to detect the unsealing status of the package and generate a corresponding electrical signal; The edge computing unit preprocesses the raw sensor data collected by the environment monitoring unit, the motion sensing unit, and the state detection unit, including filtering, noise reduction, and format conversion, and generates a data packet that conforms to a preset structure.

4. The blockchain-based and IoT-based packaging lifecycle traceability system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The operations performed by the data uplink processing module include: a) adding the unique ID of the acquisition device, the geographical location information at the time of acquisition, and a nanosecond-level precision timestamp to the data received from the multi-source information acquisition module; b) When there is batch event data, a Merkle Tree structure is used to construct a hash tree for the batch data and generate a root hash value; c) Initiating a blockchain transaction request through the smart contract account, the transaction request including the event data packet or its hash value, and paying the corresponding gas fee to execute the transaction.

5. The blockchain-based and IoT-based packaging lifecycle traceability system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The alliance chain network module: Use PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) or Raft consensus algorithm for inter-node consensus; Contains authorization nodes with three preset roles: manufacturing enterprise node, logistics enterprise node, and regulatory agency node; Each data block contains a block header, a transaction list, and a state tree root hash. The block header stores the encrypted hash value of the previous block.

6. The blockchain-based and IoT-based packaging lifecycle traceability system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The life cycle tracing module: Provides a privacy-preserving query mechanism based on zero-knowledge proof, allowing verification of the authenticity of query results without revealing the original data details; The generated visual traceability report includes a graph showing changes in environmental parameters over time, a geographical heat map of the packaging transportation path, and a statistical table recording impact events exceeding thresholds; The data access interface can be accessed through WeChat mini-programs, web browser applications, and dedicated barcode scanner devices.

7. The blockchain-based and IoT-based packaging lifecycle traceability system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The closed-loop recycling verification module: The generated digital recycling certificate contains the digital signature of the authorized environmental protection treatment enterprise; Upon submission of the digital recycling voucher, the smart contract account is triggered to execute predefined business logic, including returning the deposit to the consumer's associated account; Based on the full life cycle data of the packaging, a carbon footprint accounting report for the packaging unit is generated, and the report is written into the alliance chain network module for evidence storage.

8. The blockchain-based and IoT-based packaging lifecycle traceability system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: S1: Identity binding: inject the unique digital identity into the packaging unit on the packaging production line and activate the corresponding blockchain smart contract account in the consortium chain network; S2: Data collection: Continuously collect environmental status data and physical status data of the packaging during circulation through the multi-source information collection module integrated in the packaging unit; S3: Data preprocessing and chain upload request: Add accurate timestamps, geographic location tags and device IDs to the collected data, generate event hash values, construct encrypted event data packets, and initiate chain upload transaction requests through the smart contract account and submit them to the consortium chain network; S4: Consensus verification and ledger update: Authorized nodes in the consortium chain network verify the validity and source legitimacy of the event data packet through a consensus algorithm, write the verified data into a new block in chronological order, update the distributed ledger, and complete node synchronization; S5: Retrospective query and report generation: In response to external query requests, the complete historical event data chain is extracted from the alliance chain through the unique digital identity identifier, and a tamper-proof life cycle retrospective report is generated; S6: Recycling verification and closed loop: In the packaging recycling process, the unique digital identity is identified, and a digital recycling certificate containing recycling information and disposal methods is generated and submitted to the alliance chain for storage, completing the closed-loop recording and verification of the packaging life cycle.

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