Cultivator with adjustable plowing width

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivator with adjustable cultivation width, which relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation and comprises a cultivator body, a driving wheel mounted at the bottom of the cultivator body and a soil turning mechanism mounted at the rear end of the cultivator body and capable of performing local cultivation operation. The traction rod is installed in front of the soil turning mechanism and used for sensing topographic changes to adjust the local ploughing operation width in a self-adaptive mode, and a soil collecting mechanism is arranged behind the soil turning mechanism and used for collecting and compacting ploughed soil in real time and conveying the soil to the outer side of the belt-shaped rotation belt in sequence to build ridges on site. Local no-tillage is achieved through the asymmetrically-arranged cutters, obstacles can be avoided according to the terrain trend in the ploughing process, the amplitude of a no-tillage area is adjusted in real time, excessive ploughing is avoided, ridges can be built in situ through the soil collecting mechanism in the ploughing process, preliminary effective protection is formed, and soil loss on the surface of a terraced field is avoided; integrated operation of ploughing and ridging is achieved, and the working procedure of terraced field building or farmland arrangement is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivated land, in particular to a tillage machine with adjustable tillage width. Background Art

[0002] Currently, plateau mountainous areas have steep slopes, rapid surface runoff, and strong soil erosion caused by rainwater, which easily leads to surface soil erosion. For example, the gully areas of the Loess Plateau and the slopes of the karst mountains in the southwest have become severely affected by soil erosion due to their steep terrain, exacerbating soil erosion. The resulting soil erosion seriously threatens the foundation of local food security and sustainable agricultural development. The main crops currently grown in the plateau mountainous areas include barley, potatoes, and corn. In order to obtain arable land and ensure the normal growth of the main crops in the plateau mountainous areas, terraces are built on the steep slopes of the plateau mountainous areas (such as the Hani terraces and the horizontal terraces on the Loess Plateau). Ridges and inner ridges are used to intercept rainwater, and straw covering and no-tillage techniques are used to reduce soil erosion.

[0003] Green manuring, as an ancient and effective agricultural ecological management strategy, has attracted considerable attention. Numerous studies have confirmed that various green manure crops have excellent drought and salinity tolerance, making them a well-deserved pioneer in soil and water conservation. Their lush root, stem, and leaf systems can significantly improve soil texture, significantly increase soil infiltration rates, effectively curb soil erosion, and reduce surface runoff, thereby providing a guarantee for reducing soil and water loss. However, due to the complex terrain and geological rock formations of sloping farmland, many sloping farmland have hard rock blocks that protrude from the ground. Traditional tillage machines mostly have a fixed rotary tillage width, which cannot avoid obstacles such as rock blocks during the tillage process. Forcibly crushing the rock blocks may cause wear and tear on the tool, and it is impossible to build a suitable belt rotation belt according to the terrain. In addition, traditional comprehensive tillage methods cause great damage to the soil layer of sloping farmland. Comprehensive tillage (especially rotary tillage and deep plowing) will break up the soil aggregate structure, reduce porosity, and sharply reduce the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, thereby exacerbating soil erosion.

[0004] In addition, the soil is relatively loose after plowing, and the edges of the constructed strip rotation belts lack a dense layer formed by natural compaction. Due to the lack of effective protection at the edges, the soil is loose and has large gaps. During the subsequent plowing process, the soil may slide from the side, thereby causing soil erosion again and affecting the sustainability of long-term farming. In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes a partial no-till farming plan, and the coverage of the no-till area and the farming area can be adaptively adjusted according to terrain changes, and ridges can be built on site during the farming process to form preliminary effective protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention addresses the technical problem that the existing technical solutions are too single, and provides a solution that is significantly different from the existing technology. Specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tillage machine with adjustable tillage width to solve the problem proposed in the above background technology that the existing tillage equipment cannot adaptively adjust local tillage operations according to the width of the strip rotation belt, and the soil after plowing is loose, leading to serious soil and water loss.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tillage machine with adjustable tillage width, comprising a body, a drive wheel mounted on the bottom of the body, a tillage mechanism mounted at the rear end of the body capable of performing local tillage operations, and a traction bar mounted in front of the tillage mechanism for sensing terrain changes and adaptively adjusting the width of the local tillage operation; a soil collection mechanism is provided at the rear of the tillage mechanism for collecting and compacting the tilled soil in real time and capable of sequentially transporting the soil to the outside of a belt-shaped wheel belt to form a ridge in situ; The rear end of the fuselage is rotatably connected to a mounting bracket for connecting the soil turning mechanism and the soil collecting mechanism, and an extension bracket is slidably connected to the mounting bracket.

[0007] Preferably, the soil-turning mechanism includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the mounting bracket, and a plurality of cutters slidably connected to the rotating shaft. An X-shaped bracket is installed on the top of the cutter, and connecting shafts are passed through both ends of the X-shaped bracket and the intersection of the X-shaped bracket.

[0008] Preferably, the cutter is divided into an outer layer partition and an inner layer blade, the inner layer blade is rotatably connected to the outer layer partition via a bearing, and the inner layer blade is slidably connected to the rotating shaft; Among them, the connecting shaft located at the intersection on the right side of the X-shaped bracket is fixedly connected to the outer partition, and the connecting shafts located at both ends of the X-shaped bracket are respectively connected to two connecting rods, one of which is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket, and the other is fixedly connected to the extension frame. A telescopic rod is installed on the top of the connecting shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the surface of the rotating shaft is provided with a convex strip, the inner wall of the inner blade is provided with a sliding groove adapted to the convex strip, the outer partition is provided with a circular groove for the rotating shaft to pass through, and there is a gap between the inner wall of the circular groove and the rotating shaft, and the output shaft of the first motor is installed at one end of the rotating shaft.

[0010] Preferably, one end of the traction rod is rotatably connected to a guide wheel, a through groove for the connecting shaft to pass through is provided on the surface of the traction rod, and the other end of the traction rod is fixedly connected to a sliding rod; The traction rod is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket and adaptively moves along the inner side of the rock block through the guide wheel, driving the traction rod to adaptively rotate and swing, further driving the X-shaped bracket to perform telescopic movement, accompanied by the adjustment of the tool position.

[0011] Preferably, a connecting plate is welded to the inner wall of the mounting bracket, a linear groove and an arc groove are respectively provided on the surface of the connecting plate, and a connecting rod is welded to the outer wall of the connecting plate, and one end of the rotating shaft passes through the tool and is rotatably connected to the connecting rod.

[0012] Preferably, an arc rod is welded to the inner wall of the arc groove, a coil spring is sleeved on the surface of the arc rod, one end of the coil spring is welded to the inner wall of the arc groove, and the other end of the coil spring is fixedly connected to the sliding rod, and a sliding connection is adopted between the sliding rod and the arc rod.

[0013] Preferably, the soil collecting mechanism includes a sleeve sliding along a linear groove, a spiral rod is rotatably connected inside the sleeve, a conical cylinder is welded to one end of the sleeve, and a long strip opening is opened on the side of the sleeve corresponding to the position of the soil turning mechanism.

[0014] Preferably, an output shaft of a second motor is installed at one end of the spiral rod, and the second motor is installed outside the sleeve. A discharge port is provided at the narrow end of the conical cylinder, and a pressure plate is welded to the outer wall of the narrow end of the conical cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, a hydraulic cylinder is installed on the connecting plate, and an inwardly recessed groove is provided on the inner wall of the mounting bracket at a position corresponding to the pressure plate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By installing a tillage mechanism with adjustable arable land width, the arable land width can be flexibly adjusted according to the terrain trend, avoiding large rocks and hard contact between the rocks and the cutter. The terraced strips can be reasonably built, which can also reduce the wear on the rock layer and avoid over-cultivation. While taking into account ecological protection, the efficiency of the strip rotation belt construction on sloping farmland can be ensured. In addition, the installation of asymmetric layout cutters can achieve local no-tillage and protect the soil structure. The inner blades are used for turning over the soil. In the process of constructing strip rotation belts, local no-tillage is achieved, and the cultivated land area and the no-tillage area are finely divided. The main crops such as corn are planted in the cultivated area within the strip rotation belt, and green manure crops are planted in the no-tillage area. Green manure and corn are rotated. Compared with conventional tillage, strip rotation reduces the damage of tillage to soil results. At the same time, the fallow area is covered with the residue of the previous green manure crop to reduce the impact of raindrops on the soil. Green manure and corn main crops form a complementary and mutually supportive pattern in space and nutrient utilization, increase soil organic matter, improve soil texture, increase the number of water-stable aggregates, provide a stable living environment for soil microorganisms, and promote the balance and stability of the soil ecosystem. In addition, a traction rod is arranged in front of the tillage mechanism, which can adjust the operating range of the tillage mechanism. During the construction of strip rotation belts on sloping farmland, the traction rod can slide along the rock blocks, sense the concave and convex surfaces of the rock blocks in real time, and adaptively adjust the operating range of the tillage mechanism. During the secondary tillage of the strip rotation belt, the traction rod can also sense the position of the soil layer inside the terrace in real time, and adaptively adjust the operating range of the tillage mechanism again according to the width of the strip rotation belt, realizing dual-purpose use of one rod and improving operational flexibility and adaptability. In addition, a soil collecting mechanism is added at the rear to collect the plowed soil in real time. The loose soil enters the sleeve through the long strip opening on the side of the sleeve and is finally discharged from the discharge port of the cone. The loose soil is squeezed out again, which not only realizes the directional transportation of the soil, but also makes the loose soil relatively compact through the squeezing effect of the cone, laying the foundation for subsequent ridge construction. The soil squeezed out of the cone is pushed into the groove in conjunction with the pressure plate to assist in pressing it into the shape of the ridge. The ridge is built on the spot with soil taken to play an initial protective effect, realizing the integrated operation of cultivated land and ridge construction, and simplifying the process of terrace construction or farmland consolidation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the X-shaped bracket of the present invention when stretched.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the X-shaped bracket compression structure when the traction rod of the present invention swings inward.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the soil turning mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the outer separator and inner blade of the present invention are separated.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the soil collection mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressing plate and the mounting bracket of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the traction rod structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the coil spring and the arc rod of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Body; 2. Driving wheel; 3. Soil turning mechanism; 301. Rotating shaft; 302. X-shaped bracket; 303. Connecting shaft; 304. First motor; 305. Outer partition; 306. Inner blade; 307. Telescopic rod; 4. Traction rod; 401. Guide wheel; 402. Through slot; 403. Sliding rod; 5. Soil collecting mechanism; 501. Sleeve; 502. Screw rod; 503. Conical cylinder; 504. Second motor; 505. Pressing plate; 6. Mounting bracket; 601. Connecting plate; 602. Linear slot; 603. Arc slot; 604. Connecting rod; 605. Arc rod; 606. Coil spring; 607. Hydraulic cylinder; 7. Extension frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figures 1 to 9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a tillage machine with adjustable tillage width, comprising a body 1, a drive wheel 2 mounted on the bottom of the body 1, a tillage mechanism 3 mounted at the rear end of the body 1 for performing local tillage operations, and a traction bar 4 mounted in front of the tillage mechanism 3 for sensing terrain changes and adaptively adjusting the width of the local tillage operation. A soil collection mechanism 5 is provided behind the tillage mechanism 3 for collecting and compacting the tilled soil in real time and capable of sequentially transporting the soil to the outside of a belt-shaped cropping belt to form a ridge in situ. The rear end of the body 1 is rotatably connected to a mounting bracket 6 for connecting the soil turning mechanism 3 and the soil collecting mechanism 5, and an extension frame 7 slidably connected to the mounting bracket 6; By installing the tillage mechanism 3 at the rear end of the fuselage 1, local tillage operations can be achieved, and the tillage area and the no-tillage area can be finely divided. According to the width of the sloping farmland and the terrain conditions, the operating range of the tillage mechanism 3 can be adjusted in real time, and the strip-shaped crop rotation belt can be reasonably built to avoid conflict with the rock layer. In the process of constructing strip rotation belts, local no-tillage is achieved, and main crops such as corn are planted in the tillage areas, and green manure crops are planted in the no-tillage areas. Green manure is rotated with corn. Compared with conventional tillage, strip rotation reduces the damage of tillage to soil results. At the same time, the fallow areas are covered with the residues of the previous green manure crops to reduce the impact of raindrops on the soil. Green manure and the main crop of corn form a complementary and mutually supportive pattern in terms of space and nutrient utilization, increase soil organic matter, improve soil texture, increase the number of water-stable aggregates, increase soil water retention and water penetration during corn planting, provide a stable living environment for soil microorganisms, and promote the balance and stability of the soil ecosystem; In addition, a traction rod 4 is arranged in front of the tillage mechanism 3. The traction rod 4 can adjust the operating range of the tillage mechanism 3. During the construction of the strip rotation belt on the sloping farmland, the traction rod 4 is controlled to slide along the inner side of the rock block, and the concave and convex surface of the rock block is sensed in real time to adjust the operating range of the tillage mechanism 3. During the secondary tillage of the strip rotation belt, the traction rod 4 can also sense the position of the soil layer inside the terrace in real time, and again adaptively adjust the operating range of the secondary tillage of the tillage mechanism 3 according to the width of the strip rotation belt, realizing dual-purpose of one rod, automatically adjusting the cultivated land area and the no-till area, and improving the flexibility and adaptability of the operation. In addition, a soil collecting mechanism 5 is added at the rear to collect the plowed soil in real time, compact the loose soil again, improve the soil density, and transport the soil to the outside of the field in turn during this process to build ridges on the spot. During the tillage operation, soil collection and ridge construction are completed simultaneously, realizing the integration of tillage and ridge construction, forming preliminary effective protection, and having stronger soil and water conservation capabilities, which can reduce water flow potential energy and reduce soil erosion.

[0029] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the soil turning mechanism 3 includes a rotating shaft 301 rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 6, and a plurality of cutters slidably connected to the rotating shaft 301. An X-shaped bracket 302 is installed on the top of the cutters. Connecting shafts 303 are passed through both ends of the X-shaped bracket 302 and the intersection of the X-shaped bracket 302. It should be noted that the tool is rotated by the shaft 301 to perform soil tillage operations, and the tool is laterally displaced on the shaft 301 by the telescopic movement of the X-shaped bracket 302, thereby achieving adjustment of the tool width.

[0030] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the cutter is divided into an outer partition plate 305 and an inner blade 306. The inner blade 306 is rotatably connected to the outer partition plate 305 through a bearing, and the inner blade 306 is slidably connected to the rotating shaft 301. The connecting shaft 303 at the right intersection of the X-shaped bracket 302 is fixedly connected to the outer partition 305. The connecting shafts 303 at both ends of the X-shaped bracket 302 are respectively connected to two connecting rods, one of which is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 6, and the other is fixedly connected to the extension bracket 7. A telescopic rod 307 is installed on the top of the connecting shaft 303. It should be noted that the cutter is divided into a two-layer structure. The outer partition 305 is used to connect the connecting shaft 303 and the X-shaped bracket 302 to adjust the width of the cutter. When the X-shaped bracket 302 is extended, the distance between the cutters increases and the width of the cultivated area increases. When the X-shaped bracket 302 is compressed, the distance between the cutters decreases and the width of the cultivated area decreases. The inner blade 306 is used for tilling the soil and is connected to the outer partition 305 via a bearing to ensure stable rotation during the sliding process. The rotation of the shaft 301 drives the inner blade 306 to rotate. The inner blade 306 is slidably connected to the shaft 301 and can slide horizontally on the shaft 301 to adapt to different tillage width requirements. In addition, a telescopic rod 307 is installed on the top of the connecting shaft 303. The two ends of the telescopic rod 307 are fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 6 and the extension frame 7 respectively. The connecting shafts 303 at both ends of the X-shaped bracket 302 are connected to the mounting bracket 6 and the extension frame 7 respectively through connecting rods. When the X-shaped bracket 302 is extended or retracted, the connecting rods at both ends are driven to move synchronously, and further drive the extension frame 7 to slide toward the mounting bracket 6. The extension frame 7 serves as an auxiliary supporting structure and forms a whole with the mounting bracket 6. Two pulleys are also installed at the rear end of the mounting bracket 6 to assist the movement of the soil turning mechanism 3 and the soil collecting mechanism 5 at the rear end, making the entire structure more stable. In addition, the cutters in this embodiment are not evenly distributed, but are concentrated at the intersection on the right side of the X-shaped bracket 302. No cutters are installed on the left side. This asymmetric layout enables precise division of cultivated land areas and no-till areas, achieves local no-tillage, and protects the soil structure. When the X-shaped bracket 302 changes its shape through stretching or compression, the ratio of the cultivated land area to the no-till area will change proportionally.

[0031] In this embodiment, if Figure 5 As shown, the surface of the rotating shaft 301 is provided with convex strips, the inner wall of the inner blade 306 is provided with a sliding groove adapted to the convex strips, the outer partition 305 is provided with a circular groove for the rotating shaft 301 to pass through, and there is a gap between the inner wall of the circular groove and the rotating shaft 301, and one end of the rotating shaft 301 is mounted with the output shaft of the first motor 304; It should be noted that the surface of the rotating shaft 301 has ridges, and the inner wall of the inner blade 306 has corresponding grooves. The ridges and grooves cooperate with each other, so that when the inner blade 306 slides axially, it can also rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 301. The circular groove of the outer partition 305 allows the rotating shaft 301 to pass through, and there is a gap between the two. The outer partition 305 is connected to the connecting shaft 303, and the rotating shaft 301 passes through the outer positioning plate and is in direct contact with the rotating shaft 301. It does not restrict the rotation of the rotating shaft 301 and only provides positioning support for the inner blade 306.

[0032] In this embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, one end of the traction rod 4 is rotatably connected to a guide wheel 401, a through slot 402 is provided on the surface of the traction rod 4 for the connection shaft 303 to pass through, and the other end of the traction rod 4 is fixedly connected to a slide rod 403; The traction rod 4 is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 6, and adaptively moves along the inner side of the rock block through the guide wheel 401, driving the traction rod 4 to adaptively rotate and swing, further driving the X-shaped bracket 302 to perform telescopic movement, accompanied by the adjustment of the tool position; It should be noted that the traction rod 4 is a core component for connection and adjustment. One end of the traction rod 4 is connected to the guide wheel 401, and the other end is connected to the slide rod 403. It is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 6 and can rotate around the connection point to achieve angle adaptive adjustment. The guide wheel 401 plays a guiding role. It moves with the terrain and senses the changes in the terrain. The guide wheel 401 serves as the fulcrum at the front end of the traction rod 4. The movement of the guide wheel 401 drives the traction rod 4 to rotate and swing around the connection point of the mounting bracket 6, thereby achieving angle adaptive adjustment. In addition, the guide wheel 401 in this example is set to be horizontal. In other examples, the guide wheel 401 can also be set to an inclined state according to the terrain to ensure that the guide wheel 401 forms effective contact with the surface of the rock block; In addition, the connecting shaft 303 at the leftmost end of the X-shaped bracket 302 passes through the through slot 402 of the connecting rod and the traction rod 4. The through slot 402 provides space for the connecting shaft 303. At the same time, when the traction rod 4 swings, the connecting shaft 303 and the X-shaped bracket 302 are moved to perform telescopic movement, further driving the inner blade 306 to slide horizontally on the rotating shaft 301, realizing automatic adjustment of the tool tillage width, so that the tool coverage width is matched with the terrain in real time, avoiding the cultivated land being too wide or too narrow, and improving the operation accuracy.

[0033] In this embodiment, if Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, a connecting plate 601 is welded to the inner wall of the mounting bracket 6, and a linear groove 602 and an arc groove 603 are respectively provided on the surface of the connecting plate 601. A connecting rod 604 is welded to the outer wall of the connecting plate 601, and one end of the rotating shaft 301 passes through the tool and is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 604; like Figure 9As shown, an arc-shaped rod 605 is welded to the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove 603, and a coil spring 606 is sleeved on the surface of the arc-shaped rod 605. One end of the coil spring 606 is welded to the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove 603, and the other end of the coil spring 606 is fixedly connected to the slide rod 403. The slide rod 403 and the arc-shaped rod 605 are connected in a sliding manner. It should be noted that the mounting bracket 6 and the extension frame 7 serve as the connecting structure between the soil-turning mechanism 3 and the fuselage 1. A connecting plate 601 is welded to the inner wall of the mounting bracket 6. One end of the traction rod 4 extends to the connecting plate 601 and rotates along the surface of the connecting plate 601. The connecting rod 604 is welded to the outer wall of the connecting plate 601 and is used to connect the other end of the rotating shaft 301 to make the rotation of the tool more stable.

[0034] In addition, a straight groove 602 and an arc groove 603 are provided on the connecting plate 601. The straight groove 602 guides the soil collecting mechanism 5 to slide, and the arc groove 603 guides the slide bar 403 to slide along a certain track to adapt to the angle change. An arc rod 605 is welded in the arc groove 603. The shape of the arc rod 605 is adapted to the shape of the arc groove 603. The arc rod 605 guides the slide bar 403 and limits the stretching path of the coil spring 606 sleeved on its outside to prevent the coil spring 606 from escaping from the arc groove 603. One end of the coil spring 606 is welded to the inner wall of the arc groove 603, and the other end is fixedly connected to the slide bar 403. Under the elastic force of the coil spring 606, the slide bar 403 can slide along the arc groove 603 and finally reset. Specifically, when encountering a large rock during terrace construction, the guide wheel 401 is controlled to slide along the inner side of the rock. The guide wheel 401 slides along the concave and convex surface of the rock. When encountering a convex surface, it deviates inward, driving the traction rod 4 to rotate clockwise, causing the X-shaped bracket 302 to compress, reducing the distance between the cutters, and synchronously reducing the cultivated land area and the no-till area. At the same time, the other end of the traction rod 4 swings in the opposite direction, and the slide bar 403 slides outward along the arc groove 603, accompanied by the tension of the coil spring 606. Similarly, when the guide wheel 401 encounters a concave surface, the coil spring 606 uses elastic potential energy to reset, pulling the slide bar 403 back again, and the traction rod 4 resets counterclockwise until the guide wheel 401 at the front end contacts the inner side of the rock block again, the X-shaped bracket 302 is stretched, and the tool is reset at the same time, the tool spacing is widened again, and the cultivated land area and the no-till area are increased synchronously. In this embodiment, when the slide bar 403 is in the middle of the arc groove 603, the coil spring 606 is in a natural state, and the width of the cultivated land area is the largest. When the coil spring 606 is stretched, the width of the cultivated land area gradually decreases.

[0035] In this embodiment, if Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the soil collecting mechanism 5 includes a sleeve 501 that slides along a linear groove 602. A spiral rod 502 is rotatably connected to the interior of the sleeve 501. A conical cylinder 503 is welded to one end of the sleeve 501. A long strip-shaped opening is opened on the side of the sleeve 501 corresponding to the position of the soil turning mechanism 3. The output shaft of the second motor 504 is installed at one end of the screw rod 502. The second motor 504 is installed outside the sleeve 501. The narrow end of the conical cylinder 503 is provided with a discharge port, and a pressure plate 505 is welded to the outer wall of the narrow end of the conical cylinder 503. A hydraulic cylinder 607 is mounted on the connecting plate 601, and an inwardly concave groove is provided on the inner wall of the mounting bracket 6 corresponding to the position of the pressure plate 505; It should be noted that the soil turned up by the soil turning mechanism 3 enters the interior of the sleeve 501 through the long strip opening on the side of the sleeve 501, and the spiral rod 502 rotates under the drive of the second motor 504, pushing the soil along the sleeve 501 to the conical cylinder 503, and finally discharged from the discharge port of the conical cylinder 503. The conical cylinder 503 is welded to one end of the sleeve 501 and is funnel-shaped. The narrow end is provided with a discharge port. When discharging the soil, the loose soil is squeezed out again, which not only realizes the directional transportation of the soil, but also makes the loose soil relatively compacted by the squeezing action of the conical cylinder 503, laying the foundation for subsequent ridge construction. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 607 pulls the sleeve 501 to slide back and forth in the linear groove 602, ensuring that the opening on the side of the sleeve 501 can fully cover the turned-up soil and reduce the omission of the surface soil; In addition, a groove is provided on the inner wall of the mounting bracket 6, and the position of the groove corresponds to the pressing plate 505. The pressing plate 505 pushes the soil squeezed out by the conical cylinder 503 into the groove, thereby assisting in pressing the soil into the shape of the ridge. The ridge is built on the spot with soil, which plays an initial protective effect, realizes the integrated operation of cultivated land and ridge construction, and simplifies the process of terrace construction or farmland preparation.

[0036] Working principle: When using the tillage machine with adjustable tillage width, the sloping farmland is first preliminarily tilled. The first motor 304 is started, and the first motor 304 drives the rotating shaft 301 to rotate. The rotating shaft 301 drives the inner blade 306 on the right side of the X-shaped bracket 302 to rotate at high speed. The inner blade 306 rotates and inserts into the terraced field surface. During the rotation, the soil is turned over, and the land is partially tilled and the strip-shaped crop rotation belt is constructed. The machine body 1 controls the forward direction to realize the forward movement and steering of the whole machine. This process belongs to the well-known technology in the field. During this process, the guide wheel 401 senses the position of the rock block. When encountering a rock block, the body 1 first controls the guide wheel 401 to slide along the inner side of the rock block. At this time, the guide wheel 401 automatically senses the concave and convex surface of the rock block. When encountering a convex surface, the traction rod 4 is driven to rotate clockwise, driving the X-shaped bracket 302 to compress, reducing the distance between the cutters, and the cultivated land area and the no-till area are reduced synchronously. At the same time, the other end of the traction rod 4 swings in the opposite direction, and the slide bar 403 slides outward along the arc groove 603, accompanied by the extension of the coil spring 606. On the contrary, when encountering a concave surface, the coil spring 606 uses its elastic potential energy to reset, pulling the slide bar 403 back again, and the traction bar 4 rotates counterclockwise to reset until the guide wheel 401 at the front end contacts the inner side of the rock block again, the X-shaped bracket 302 is stretched, the cutter is reset at the same time, and the distance between the cutters is widened again, and the cultivated land area and the no-till area are increased synchronously; At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 607 and the second motor 504 are started, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 607 drives the sleeve 501 to slide back and forth horizontally, and the screw rod 502 starts to rotate, transporting the loose soil to the conical cylinder 503. After compaction, the soil is discharged through the discharge port at the narrow end of the conical cylinder 503, and the soil is transported to the outside of the belt-shaped crop rotation belt. The hydraulic cylinder 607 drives the sleeve 501 and the pressure plate 505 to move back and forth. During the reciprocating sliding of the pressure plate 505, the soil squeezed out of the discharge port is squeezed into the groove, assisting in shaping, and forming a continuous ridge.

[0037] In addition, during the subsequent secondary plowing, the position of the inner soil of the strip rotation belt can be sensed in real time through the guide wheel 401. The guide wheel 401 moves close to the inside of the terrace to sense the changes in terrain. When the strip rotation belt becomes narrower, the guide wheel 401 deviates inward along the narrow surface, driving the traction rod 4 to rotate clockwise, and the operating range of the tillage mechanism 3 becomes narrower, and vice versa.

[0038] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tillage machine with adjustable tillage width, comprising a machine body (1), and a driving wheel (2) mounted on the bottom of the machine body (1), characterized in that: It also includes a soil turning mechanism (3) installed at the rear end of the machine body (1) for performing local tillage operations, and a traction rod (4) installed in front of the soil turning mechanism (3) for sensing terrain changes and adaptively adjusting the width of the local tillage operation. A soil collecting mechanism (5) is provided at the rear of the soil turning mechanism (3) for collecting and compacting the tilled soil in real time and capable of sequentially transporting the soil to the outside of the belt-shaped crop rotation belt to form a ridge on the spot. The rear end of the fuselage (1) is rotatably connected to a mounting bracket (6) for connecting the soil turning mechanism (3) and the soil collecting mechanism (5), and an extension bracket (7) slidably connected to the mounting bracket (6).

2. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil turning mechanism (3) comprises a rotating shaft (301) rotatably connected to the mounting bracket (6), and a plurality of cutters slidably connected to the rotating shaft (301), an X-shaped bracket (302) being mounted on the top of the cutters, and connecting shafts (303) passing through both ends of the X-shaped bracket (302) and the intersection of the X-shaped bracket (302).

3. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutter is divided into an outer layer partition plate (305) and an inner layer blade (306), wherein the inner layer blade (306) is rotatably connected to the outer layer partition plate (305) via a bearing, and the inner layer blade (306) is slidably connected to the rotating shaft (301); The connecting shaft (303) located at the intersection on the right side of the X-shaped bracket (302) is fixedly connected to the outer partition (305), and the connecting shafts (303) located at both ends of the X-shaped bracket (302) are respectively sleeved with two connecting rods, one of which is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket (6), and the other is fixedly connected to the extension bracket (7), and a telescopic rod (307) is installed on the top of the connecting shaft (303).

4. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the rotating shaft (301) is provided with a convex strip, the inner wall of the inner blade (306) is provided with a sliding groove adapted to the convex strip, the outer partition (305) is provided with a circular groove for the rotating shaft (301) to pass through, and a gap is present between the inner wall of the circular groove and the rotating shaft (301), and one end of the rotating shaft (301) is mounted with an output shaft of a first motor (304).

5. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the traction rod (4) is rotatably connected to a guide wheel (401), a through groove (402) for the connecting shaft (303) to pass through is provided on the surface of the traction rod (4), and the other end of the traction rod (4) is fixedly connected to a sliding rod (403); The traction rod (4) is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket (6), and adaptively moves along the inner side of the rock block through the guide wheel (401), driving the traction rod (4) to rotate and swing, further driving the X-shaped bracket (302) to perform telescopic movement, accompanied by adjustment of the tool position.

6. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connecting plate (601) is welded to the inner wall of the mounting bracket (6), and a linear groove (602) and an arc groove (603) are respectively provided on the surface of the connecting plate (601). A connecting rod (604) is welded to the outer wall of the connecting plate (601), and one end of the rotating shaft (301) passes through the tool and is rotatably connected to the connecting rod (604).

7. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 6, characterized in that: An arc-shaped rod (605) is welded to the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove (603), and a coil spring (606) is sleeved on the surface of the arc-shaped groove (605). One end of the coil spring (606) is welded to the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove (603), and the other end of the coil spring (606) is fixedly connected to the sliding rod (403). The sliding rod (403) and the arc-shaped rod (605) are connected in a sliding manner.

8. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 6, characterized in that: The soil collecting mechanism (5) comprises a sleeve (501) that slides along a linear groove (602), a spiral rod (502) being rotatably connected inside the sleeve (501), a conical cylinder (503) being welded to one end of the sleeve (501), and a long strip-shaped opening being provided on the side surface of the sleeve (501) at a position corresponding to the soil turning mechanism (3).

9. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 8, characterized in that: An output shaft of a second motor (504) is mounted on one end of the spiral rod (502), and the second motor (504) is mounted outside the sleeve (501). A discharge port is provided at the narrow end of the conical cylinder (503), and a pressure plate (505) is welded to the outer wall of the narrow end of the conical cylinder (503).

10. The tillage machine with adjustable tillage width according to claim 9, characterized in that: A hydraulic cylinder (607) is mounted on the connecting plate (601), and an inwardly recessed groove is provided on the inner wall of the mounting bracket (6) at a position corresponding to the pressure plate (505).

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