Method for preventing and controlling sorghum aphids and cultivating aphis gossypii gossypii

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, belongs to a pest biological prevention and control technology, and relates to a method for prevention and control of sorghum aphids and cultivation of aphis gossypii. The prevention and control method for the sorghum aphids comprises the steps that aphis gossypii gossypii is released in a field with the sorghum aphids, the aphis gossypii gossypii is used for preventing and controlling the sorghum aphids, and the ratio of the released aphis gossypii gossypii to the field sorghum aphids is larger than or equal to 1: 50. According to the method, the aphis gossypii is adopted to prevent and control the sorghum aphids, so that the situation that pesticides are used for removing the aphids on the sorghum is avoided, the sorghum pest control cost is saved, pesticide residues of the sorghum are reduced or eradicated, and the safety of the sorghum serving as a food source is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, belongs to biological pest control technology, and relates to a method for controlling sorghum aphids and cultivating cotton aphid wasps. Background Art

[0002] Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a versatile crop in the Poaceae family, combines value as food, feed, and brewing, ranking fifth among grass crops in China in terms of cultivated area. Red-tasseled glutinous sorghum, a core ingredient in brewing Maotai-flavor liquor, is directly impacted by its flavor and quality. However, aphids are a significant threat throughout the glutinous sorghum's growth cycle, becoming a key factor limiting its yield and quality.

[0003] While chemical pesticides have demonstrated significant effectiveness in controlling sorghum aphids, potential risks should not be ignored. These include the risk of excessive pesticide residues, potential threats to human health, and negative impacts on the ecological environment. These issues have garnered widespread attention worldwide. At the same time, distilleries are increasingly demanding higher standards for their raw materials, demanding green and ecological production processes, with some even requiring organic production to achieve high-quality brews. Therefore, relying solely on chemical pesticides to control sorghum aphids is no longer sufficient to meet the modern brewing industry's urgent need for high-quality sorghum raw materials.

[0004] In this context, exploring and promoting green and efficient pest control technologies is particularly important. Biological control, due to its green, ecological, and sustainable nature, is an important alternative to chemical pest control. Therefore, biological control of sorghum pests has positive implications for improving food and environmental safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for controlling sorghum aphids and cultivating cotton aphid wasps, so as to achieve biological control of sorghum aphids, avoid the use of pesticides to disinfest, thereby avoiding the contamination of sorghum and sorghum-made foods by pesticides, and thus improve the safety of related foods.

[0006] A first aspect of the present application provides a method for controlling sorghum aphids, comprising: releasing cotton aphid wasps in a field with sorghum aphids, and using the cotton aphid wasps to control sorghum aphids, wherein the ratio of the released cotton aphid wasps to the sorghum aphids in the field is ≥1:50.

[0007] Regarding the first aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the sorghum is sorghum for brewing wine.

[0008] For the first aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the ratio of releasing cotton aphid aphid wasps to field sorghum aphids can be any one of 1:30, 1:31, 1:32, 1:33, 1:34, 1:35, 1:36, 1:37, 1:38, 1:39, 1:40, 1:41, 1:42, 1:43, 1:44, 1:45, 1:46, 1:47, 1:48, 1:49, 1:50, or a value between any two of the foregoing values.

[0009] With respect to the first aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, releasing the cotton aphid aphid wasp includes: releasing the cotton aphid aphid aphid wasp multiple times in a cycle or releasing the cotton aphid aphid aphid wasp once.

[0010] With respect to the first aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, releasing the cotton aphid aphid wasp comprises: releasing the cotton aphid aphid wasp multiple times in a cycle.

[0011] With respect to the first aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, releasing the cotton aphid aphid wasp comprises: performing a second release seven days after the first release of the cotton aphid aphid wasp.

[0012] Regarding the first aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the cotton aphid aphid wasp is cultivated in the following manner: young bean aphids are used as alternative hosts to reproduce the cotton aphid aphid wasp; in some specific embodiments, using young bean aphids as alternative hosts to reproduce the cotton aphid aphid wasp comprises: inoculating 12 to 18 bean aphids per bean seedling grown to 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm and then incubating them to obtain bean aphids, placing mated female cotton aphid aphid wasps in the insect breeding space inoculated with young bean aphids, allowing the mated female cotton aphid aphid wasps to continue living in the insect breeding space for 20 hours to 28 hours and then removing them, culturing the insect breeding space in a suitable environment to obtain the cotton aphid aphid wasp.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, culturing the insect breeding space in a suitable environment includes: culturing the insect breeding space in an environment with environmental conditions of temperature 24°C to 26°C, relative humidity 60% to 65%, and photoperiod L:D = (12 to 16h): 10h.

[0014] A second aspect of the present application provides a method for breeding cotton aphid wasps, comprising: breeding cotton aphid wasps using a surrogate host; the surrogate host comprises at least one of bean aphids or corn aphids.

[0015] In some specific embodiments, using an alternative host to breed the cotton aphid wasp comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Place healthy broad bean leaves in a hydroponic culture jar and inoculate 55 to 65 young bean aphids into each jar;

[0017] Step 2: Collect 4 to 6 newly emerged (1 to 6 hours) male and female cotton aphid wasps, place them in a test tube for free mating, and provide 8% to 12% fresh honey water as nutritional supplement;

[0018] Step 3: 20 to 28 hours after mating, introduce the female bee into the parasitic bottle with bean aphids, and provide 8% to 12% honey water in the bottle wall as supplementary nutrition;

[0019] Step 4: After parasitizing for 20 to 28 hours, remove the female bee and place the insect bottle in a culture environment with environmental conditions of temperature 24°C to 26°C, relative humidity 60% to 65%, and photoperiod L:D = (12 to 16 hours): 10 hours to obtain cotton aphid aphid wasps.

[0020] In some specific embodiments, using an alternative host to breed the cotton aphid wasp comprises the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Place healthy broad bean leaves in hydroponics in insect bottles, and inoculate 60 young bean aphids in each insect bottle;

[0022] Step 2: Collect 5 male and female cotton aphid wasps that have just emerged (1 to 6 hours old), place them in a test tube for free mating, and provide them with 10% fresh honey water as nutritional supplement;

[0023] Step 3: 24 hours after mating, introduce the female bee into the parasitic bottle with bean aphids, and provide 10% honey water in the bottle wall as supplementary nutrition;

[0024] Step 4: After 24 hours of parasitism, the female bee is removed and the insect culture bottle is placed in a culture environment with environmental conditions of temperature within the range of 24°C to 26°C, relative humidity within the range of 60% to 65%, and photoperiod L:D = (14h):10h to obtain cotton aphid aphid wasps.

[0025] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the alternative host comprises one of young bean aphids or young corn aphids.

[0026] With regard to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the alternative host includes young bean aphids.

[0027] With regard to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the alternative host includes young corn aphids.

[0028] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the young pea aphids are pea aphids of the 1st or 2nd instar stage.

[0029] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the young bean aphid is a 1st-instar bean aphid.

[0030] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the young bean aphid is a 2nd-instar bean aphid.

[0031] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the young corn aphids are 2-year-old corn aphids.

[0032] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the bean aphids are obtained by the following cultivation method: bean aphids are inoculated when the broad bean seedlings grow to 2.5 to 3.5 cm.

[0033] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the bean aphids are obtained by the following cultivation method: bean aphids are inoculated when the broad bean seedlings grow to 3 cm.

[0034] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the inoculating bean aphids comprises: inoculating 12 to 18 bean aphids on each bean seedling.

[0035] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the inoculating bean aphids comprises: inoculating 15 bean aphids on each bean seedling.

[0036] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the bean aphids are obtained by the following cultivation method: bean aphids are inoculated when broad bean seedlings grow to 2.5 to 3.5 cm, and the bean aphids are hatched after 6 to 8 days of cultivation.

[0037] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the bean aphids are obtained by the following cultivation method: bean aphids are inoculated when broad bean seedlings grow to 2.5 to 3.5 cm, and the obtained bean aphids are hatched after 7 days of cultivation.

[0038] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the bean sprouts are obtained by the following cultivation method: germinated broad bean seeds are cultivated in sandy soil, and the sandy soil is kept moist until the broad bean seeds emerge.

[0039] Regarding the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the bean sprouts are obtained by the following cultivation method: germinated broad bean seeds are cultivated in sandy soil, and the sandy soil is kept moist until the broad bean seeds emerge; and gauze is not used to cover the seeds during the process of cultivating the germinated broad bean seeds in sandy soil.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, the sandy soil is soil obtained by mixing river sand and red soil in a ratio of 1:1.

[0041] With respect to the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds.

[0042] Regarding the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: after soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, placing them at 13-17°C, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds; in some specific embodiments, the placing at 13-17°C may include: placing them at the following temperatures: 13°C, 13.5°C, 14°C, 14.5°C, 15°C, 15.5°C, 16°C, 16.5°C, 17°C and any value between the aforementioned values.

[0043] Regarding the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, soaking them for 20 to 28 hours, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds; in some specific embodiments, the soaking for 20 hours to 28 hours can include: 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours, 25 hours, 26 hours, 27 hours, 28 hours and any value between the aforementioned values.

[0044] Regarding the second aspect of the present application, in some specific embodiments, the germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, soaking them at 13-17°C for 20-28 hours, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds.

[0045] The parasitism rate and emergence rate of the cotton aphid wasp on bean aphids are significantly higher than those on corn aphids, indicating that bean aphids are ideal intermediate hosts for breeding cotton aphid wasps. This application explores the effects of broad bean planting and aphid rearing on aphid production, and finds that when broad bean seedlings grow to about 3 cm, inoculating about 15 bean sprouts per plant can hatch more bean aphids. Overall, the present invention can achieve large-scale breeding of cotton aphid wasps by utilizing bean aphids as intermediate hosts, providing strong technical support for the large-scale production of cotton aphid wasps.

[0046] The positive effects of the present invention are:

[0047] In this application, the cotton aphid wasp is used to control sorghum aphids, and the cotton aphid wasp can parasitize all stages of sorghum aphids. The biological parameters of the parasitic population and the cage test show that the cotton aphid wasp has a high ability to control sorghum aphids.

[0048] Figures in the specification

[0049] Figure 1 This is a method for controlling sorghum aphids in this application;

[0050] Figure 2 This is the relationship between aphid production and different factors in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0052] The present application provides a method for controlling sorghum aphids, comprising: releasing cotton aphid wasps in a field with sorghum aphids, and using the cotton aphid wasps to control sorghum aphids, wherein the ratio of the released cotton aphid wasps to the sorghum aphids in the field is ≥1:50.

[0053] In some specific embodiments, the sorghum is sorghum for brewing.

[0054] In some specific embodiments, the ratio of releasing cotton aphid wasps to field sorghum aphids can be any one of 1:30, 1:31, 1:32, 1:33, 1:34, 1:35, 1:36, 1:37, 1:38, 1:39, 1:40, 1:41, 1:42, 1:43, 1:44, 1:45, 1:46, 1:47, 1:48, 1:49, and 1:50, or a value between any two of the foregoing values.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, releasing the cotton aphid aphid wasp comprises: releasing the cotton aphid aphid aphid wasp multiple times in a cycle or releasing the cotton aphid aphid aphid wasp once.

[0056] In some specific embodiments, releasing the cotton aphid aphid wasp comprises: releasing the cotton aphid aphid aphid wasp multiple times in a cycle.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, releasing the cotton aphid aphid wasp comprises: performing a second release seven days after the first release of the cotton aphid aphid wasp.

[0058] In some specific embodiments, the cotton aphid aphid wasp is cultivated by the following method: using young bean aphids as alternative hosts to reproduce the cotton aphid aphid wasp; in some specific embodiments, using young bean aphids as alternative hosts to reproduce the cotton aphid aphid wasp includes: inoculating 12 to 18 bean aphids per bean seedling grown to 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm, and then incubating them to obtain bean aphids, placing mated female cotton aphid aphid wasps in the insect breeding space inoculated with young bean aphids, allowing the mated female cotton aphid aphid wasps to continue living in the insect breeding space for 20 hours to 28 hours, and then removing them, and culturing the insect breeding space in a suitable environment to obtain the cotton aphid aphid wasp.

[0059] The culturing of the insect-raising space in a suitable environment comprises: culturing the insect-raising space in an environment with environmental conditions of temperature 24-26° C., relative humidity 60%-65%, and photoperiod L:D=(12-16h):10h.

[0060] The present application provides a method for breeding cotton aphid wasps, comprising: breeding cotton aphid wasps using a surrogate host; the surrogate host comprises at least one of bean aphids or corn aphids.

[0061] In some specific embodiments, using an alternative host to breed the cotton aphid wasp comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Place healthy broad bean leaves in a hydroponic culture jar and inoculate 55 to 65 young bean aphids into each jar;

[0063] Step 2: Collect 4 to 6 newly emerged (1 to 6 hours) male and female cotton aphid wasps, place them in a test tube for free mating, and provide 8% to 12% fresh honey water as nutritional supplement;

[0064] Step 3: 20 to 28 hours after mating, introduce the female bee into the parasitic bottle with bean aphids, and provide 8% to 12% honey water in the bottle wall as supplementary nutrition;

[0065] Step 4: After parasitizing for 20 to 28 hours, remove the female bee and place the insect bottle in a culture environment with environmental conditions of temperature 24°C to 26°C, relative humidity 60% to 65%, and photoperiod L:D = (12 to 16 hours): 10 hours to obtain cotton aphid aphid wasps.

[0066] In some specific embodiments, using an alternative host to breed the cotton aphid wasp comprises the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Place healthy broad bean leaves in hydroponics in insect bottles, and inoculate 60 young bean aphids in each insect bottle;

[0068] Step 2: Collect 5 male and female cotton aphid wasps that have just emerged (1 to 6 hours old), place them in a test tube for free mating, and provide them with 10% fresh honey water as nutritional supplement;

[0069] Step 3: 24 hours after mating, introduce the female bee into the parasitic bottle with bean aphids, and provide 10% honey water in the bottle wall as supplementary nutrition;

[0070] Step 4: After 24 hours of parasitism, the female bee is removed and the insect culture bottle is placed in a culture environment with environmental conditions of temperature within the range of 24°C to 26°C, relative humidity within the range of 60% to 65%, and photoperiod L:D = (14h):10h to obtain cotton aphid aphid wasps.

[0071] In some embodiments, the alternative host comprises one of a young bean aphid or a young corn aphid.

[0072] In some embodiments, the alternative host comprises a young pea aphid.

[0073] In some embodiments, the alternative host comprises a young corn aphid.

[0074] In some specific embodiments, the young bean aphid is a 1st or 2nd instar bean aphid.

[0075] In some specific embodiments, the young bean aphid is a 1st-instar bean aphid.

[0076] In some specific embodiments, the young bean aphid is a 2nd-instar bean aphid.

[0077] In some specific embodiments, the young corn aphid is a 2nd-instar corn aphid.

[0078] In some specific embodiments, the bean aphids are obtained by the following breeding method: bean aphids are inoculated when the broad bean seedlings grow to 2.5 to 3.5 cm.

[0079] In some specific embodiments, the bean aphids are obtained by the following breeding method: bean aphids are inoculated when broad bean seedlings grow to 3 cm.

[0080] In some specific embodiments, the inoculating bean aphids comprises: inoculating 12 to 18 bean aphids on each bean seedling.

[0081] In some specific embodiments, the inoculating bean aphids comprises: inoculating 15 bean aphids on each bean seedling.

[0082] In some specific embodiments, the bean aphids are obtained by the following cultivation method: bean aphids are inoculated when broad bean seedlings grow to 2.5 to 3.5 cm, and the bean aphids are hatched after 6 to 8 days of cultivation.

[0083] In some specific embodiments, the bean aphids are obtained by the following cultivation method: bean aphids are inoculated when broad bean seedlings grow to 2.5 to 3.5 cm, and the bean aphids are hatched after 7 days of cultivation.

[0084] In some specific embodiments, the bean sprouts are obtained by the following cultivation method: germinating broad bean seeds are cultivated in sandy soil, and the sandy soil is kept moist until the broad bean seeds emerge.

[0085] In some specific embodiments, the bean sprouts are obtained by the following cultivation method: germinated broad bean seeds are cultivated in sandy soil, and the sandy soil is kept moist until the broad bean seeds emerge; and gauze is not used to cover the seeds during the process of cultivating the germinated broad bean seeds in sandy soil.

[0086] In some specific embodiments, the sandy soil is soil obtained by mixing river sand and red soil in a ratio of 1:1.

[0087] In some specific embodiments, the germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds.

[0088] In some specific embodiments, the germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, placing them at 13-17°C, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds; in some specific embodiments, placing them at 13-17°C can include: placing them at the following temperatures: 13°C, 13.5°C, 14°C, 14.5°C, 15°C, 15.5°C, 16°C, 16.5°C, 17°C and any value between the aforementioned values.

[0089] In some specific embodiments, the germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, soaking them for 20 to 28 hours, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds; in some specific embodiments, the soaking for 20 to 28 hours can include: 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours, 25 hours, 26 hours, 27 hours, 28 hours and any value between the aforementioned values.

[0090] In some specific embodiments, the germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, placing them at 13-17° C. for 20-28 hours, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds.

[0091] The parasitism rate and emergence rate of the cotton aphid wasp of the present application on bean aphids are significantly higher than those of corn aphids, indicating that bean aphids are ideal intermediate hosts for breeding cotton aphid wasps. The present application explored the effects of broad bean planting and aphid rearing on aphid production, and found that when broad bean seedlings grow to about 3 cm, inoculating about 15 bean sprouts per plant can hatch more bean aphids. Overall, the present invention can achieve large-scale breeding of cotton aphid wasps by utilizing bean aphids as intermediate hosts, providing strong technical support for the large-scale production of cotton aphid wasps.

[0092] Example 1: Control of sorghum aphids by Aphididae

[0093] 1. Determination of the control ability of the cotton aphid wasp against sorghum aphids

[0094] Step 1: Prepare transparent insect culture bottles (10 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height), hydroponically culture healthy sorghum leaves, and inoculate 60 sorghum aphid nymphs of different ages (1, 2, 3, and 4) into each insect culture bottle;

[0095] Step 2: Collect 5 newly emerged (<6 hours) male and female cotton aphid wasps, place them in a test tube (10×50 mm) for free mating, and provide 10% fresh honey water as nutritional supplement;

[0096] Step 3: 24 hours after mating, introduce a female bee into the parasitized insect bottle containing sorghum aphids, and provide 10% honey water in the bottle wall as supplementary nutrition;

[0097] Step 4: After 24 hours of parasitism, remove the female bees and place the insect bottle in a culture environment with environmental conditions of temperature 25±1°C, relative humidity 65±5%, and photoperiod L:D=14h:10h;

[0098] Step 5: Observe and record the number of aphids every day, and calculate the parasitic amount of a single parasitic wasp in 24 hours to indicate the parasitic ability.

[0099] Results showed that the cotton aphid wasp parasitized all instars of sorghum aphids, with the highest parasitism rate on first-instar nymphs at 63.17% (Table 1). The biological parameters of the parasitic population of the cotton aphid wasp on first-instar nymphs of sorghum aphids were analyzed using the age-specific, sex-specific life table (TWO-SEX Consume). The average parasitism rate (113.14 individuals), weekly parasitism rate ω (0.4646), stable parasitism rate ψ (0.3531), and parasitism conversion rate Qp (1.0623) indicated that the cotton aphid wasp has a high potential for controlling sorghum aphids.

[0100] Table 1 Parasitic adaptability of Aphididae to different instars of Sorghum aphid

[0101]

[0102] Note: The values ​​in the table are mean ± SD. Different lowercase letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences in the parasitism rate and emergence rate of sorghum aphids at different instars parasitized by the cotton aphid wasp at the 0.05 level (P<0.05).

[0103] Table 2 Biological parameters of the parasitic population of Aphididae sorghumensis

[0104]

[0105] Note: The values ​​in the table are mean ± standard deviation, and the standard error was calculated by using 100,000 self-repeated sampling techniques.

[0106] 2. Envelopment Experiment

[0107] Experiment 1: A cage experiment was conducted to evaluate the control effect of the cotton aphid wasp on sorghum aphids to provide guidance for field release applications. The specific experimental steps are as follows:

[0108] Step 1: transplant a single sorghum plant (at the heading stage) into a pot and inoculate 50, 100, or 150 sorghum aphids of different ages (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th nymphs, and adults) respectively;

[0109] Step 2: According to different bee-aphid ratios (1:50, 1:100, 1:150), female cotton aphid wasps that had mated for 24 hours were inoculated. After the parasitic wasps had been parasitized for 24 hours, the parasitic wasps were removed and the control without parasitic wasps was used as a blank control.

[0110] Step 3: After 7-10 days, record the number of dead aphids and aphids, and calculate the control effect according to the control effect formula. Each treatment should be replicated three times.

[0111] The results showed that among the tested bee-aphid ratios, when the bee-aphid ratio was 1:50, the control effect of the cotton aphid wasp on the sorghum aphid was the best, reaching 67.05%. As the bee-aphid ratio decreased, the control effect gradually decreased (Table 3).

[0112] Table 3 Comparison of control effects of different bee-aphid ratios

[0113]

[0114] 3. Field prevention and control

[0115] Based on the results of the cage experiment, aphid populations were dynamically monitored in the field in the organic sorghum planting area of ​​Shiban Town, Bozhou District, Zunyi City. At the early stage of the sorghum aphid outbreak, releases were made at bee-to-aphid ratios of 1:60, 1:50, and 1:40. The effectiveness of these different bee-to-aphid ratios was investigated to assess the feasibility of field control of cotton aphids by the aphid wasp. The specific experimental steps are as follows:

[0116] Step 1: Select representative fields and use the five-point sampling method to investigate the occurrence dynamics of sorghum aphids. In each sampling point, 20 sorghum plants were surveyed, for a total of 100 plants. The damage rate per 100 plants was calculated.

[0117] Step 2: At the early stage of sorghum aphid infestation (damage rate per 100 plants ≤ 5%), calculate the number of aphids per mu {number of aphids surveyed × (number of plants per mu ÷ 100)};

[0118] Step 3: Based on the estimated number of aphids per mu, parasitized bean aphids were made into bee cards and released into the field at different bee-to-aphid ratios (1:40, 1:50, and 1:60). During the release, the bee cards were evenly hung on the sorghum plants using a five-point release method.

[0119] Step 4: Seven days after the parasitic wasp release, a five-point sampling method was used to survey the number of aphids in the field. The results were compared with those in the field without control, and the control effect was calculated. Each treatment was replicated three times.

[0120] The results showed that when the bee-to-aphid ratio in the field was 1:40, the control efficacy of the cotton aphid wasp against sorghum aphids reached 84.75%, effectively controlling aphid infestations (Table 4). Therefore, releasing the wasp in the field at a bee-to-aphid ratio of no less than 1:40, followed by a second release at the same ratio 7 days later, can effectively control sorghum aphids.

[0121] Table 4 Comparison of field control effects of different bee-aphid ratios

[0122]

[0123] Example 2: Breeding of Cotton Aphid Wasps

[0124] 1. Breeding broad bean seedlings

[0125] Cultivate broad bean seedlings in sandy soil, soak them in warm water, and place them at 15℃ without covering them with gauze for 24 hours, then pour out the water and retain only a small amount of water to keep the broad bean seeds moist until they germinate.

[0126] 2. Using broad bean seedlings to breed bean aphids

[0127] When the broad bean seedlings grew to 3 cm, 15 adult bean aphids were inoculated into each plant, and the hatched bean aphids were collected after 7 days.

[0128] 3. Using Bean Aphids to Breed Cotton Aphid Wasps

[0129] Step 1: Place healthy broad bean leaves in hydroponics in insect bottles, and inoculate 60 young bean aphids in each insect bottle;

[0130] Step 2: Collect 5 newly emerged (<6 hours) male and female cotton aphid wasps, place them in a test tube (10×50 mm) for free mating, and provide 10% fresh honey water as nutritional supplement;

[0131] Step 3: 24 hours after mating, introduce a female bee into the insect culture bottle with bean aphids for parasitization, and provide 10% honey water in the bottle wall as supplementary nutrition;

[0132] Step 4: After 24 hours of parasitism, the female bee was removed and the insect culture bottle was placed in a culture environment with environmental conditions of temperature 25±1°C, relative humidity 65±5%, and photoperiod L:D=14h:10h to obtain the cotton aphid aphid wasp.

[0133] Example 3: Exploring the breeding conditions of cotton aphid wasps

[0134] 1. Breeding broad bean seedlings

[0135] 1. Explore the effects of different temperatures on the germination rate of broad beans:

[0136] The experiment set up constant temperature conditions of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ℃, and measured the germination rate and germination time of broad bean seeds covered with gauze or not covered with gauze. First, a group of commercially available broad bean seeds (100 seeds) were selected and placed directly in a fresh-keeping box, and another group was placed in a fresh-keeping box padded with medical gauze and wrapped. After soaking in warm water, it was placed in a test temperature climate incubator. After 24 hours, the water was poured out, leaving only a small amount of water to keep the broad bean seeds moist. The germination of broad beans was observed at 8:00 and 20:00 every day, the germinated seeds were picked out and the number of germinations was recorded. The broad beans are germinated when the buds are exposed. Repeat 3 times. The results of the investigation are shown in Table 5 below:

[0137] Table 5 Germination rate of broad beans under different temperature conditions (%)

[0138]

[0139] Note: The values ​​in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different capital letters after the data in the same column indicate that the germination rates of broad bean seeds wrapped with gauze and without gauze under the same temperature conditions were significantly different at the 0.05 level (P<0.05). Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate that the germination rates of broad bean seeds wrapped with gauze or without gauze under different temperature conditions were significantly different at the 0.05 level (P<0.05).

[0140] 2. Investigate the effects of different cultivation substrates on broad bean germination rate

[0141] The same batch of seeds for the germination test were soaked to obtain seeds with consistent germination, and then planted in a plastic box (19.5cm×13cm×6.5cm, with several holes punched in the bottom with an electric chromium iron for ventilation and drainage). The box was pre-paved with different substrates with a thickness of about 3cm. Each box was arranged in 5×6 (30 seeds), and then covered with substrate, with the standard of just covering the seeds. Water thoroughly on the day of planting, and keep the substrate moist every day thereafter. Observe the emergence of broad beans at 8:00 and 20:00 every day and record the number of seedlings. Each box was a group, and repeated 3 times. The results of the study are shown in Table 6 below.

[0142] Table 6 Germination rate (%) and germination time (d) of broad beans in different cultivation media

[0143]

[0144] Note: Fine sand is river sand, soil is red soil, and sandy soil is a mixture of river sand and red soil in a ratio of 1:1; the values ​​in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different capital letters in the same row indicate significant differences in the emergence rate and emergence time of broad beans grown in different cultivation media at the 0.05 level (P<0.05).

[0145] 2. Using broad bean seedlings to breed bean aphids

[0146] Using 2 factors and 3 levels L9(3 2 ) was designed using an orthogonal experimental design, as shown in Table 4. The factors included: aphid inoculation time (i.e., bean seedling height) (A), aphid inoculation number (B), and different levels of aphid inoculation time (i.e., bean seedling height of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm), and aphid inoculation number (5, 10, and 15 plants / head). The optimal combination of these factors was determined using visual graphical analysis and the range method. Individual broad bean plants were planted in disposable plastic cups and inoculated with aphids to form adult bean aphids. Seven days later, aphid production was measured for each factor level.

[0147] The results showed that the relationship between the different levels of the factors and the aphid production was plotted with the different levels of the factors as the horizontal axis and the aphid production as the vertical axis ( Figure 2 ). According to the analysis of the results of aphid production, the range of the factor of the number of aphids inoculated was the largest, indicating that the number of aphids inoculated had the greatest impact on aphid production. The order of importance of the two factors affecting aphid production was the number of aphids inoculated and the time of aphid inoculation. Of these two factors, the number of aphids inoculated was the most significant, and the time of inoculation was relatively significant. Within the scope of the experimental design, the combination with the largest aphid production was A2B3, that is, 15 aphids were inoculated when the broad bean seedlings grew to 3 cm (Table 7). Therefore, inoculating 15 aphids when the broad bean seedlings grew to 3 cm can obtain a large number of bean aphids for the breeding of cotton aphid wasps.

[0148] Table 7 Broad bean-pea aphid reproduction system L9 (3 2 )Orthogonal test results

[0149]

[0150] Note: K1, K2, K3 represent the sum of levels 1, 2, and 3 respectively; k1, k2, k3 represent the average of levels 1, 2, and 3 respectively; R represents the range.

[0151] 3. Using corn aphids to breed cotton aphid wasps

[0152] This comparative example uses corn aphids as the intermediate host for breeding cotton aphid wasps, and compares the adaptability of cotton aphid wasps to parasitize different aphids in comparison with Example 1. The main experimental steps are as follows:

[0153] Step 1: Prepare transparent insect culture bottles (10 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height), hydroponically culture healthy sorghum heart leaves, and inoculate 60 corn aphids of different ages (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar, and adults) into each insect culture bottle;

[0154] Step 2: Collect 5 newly emerged (<6 hours) male and female cotton aphid wasps, place them in a test tube (10×50 mm) for free mating, and provide 10% fresh honey water as nutritional supplement;

[0155] Step 3: 24 hours after mating, introduce a female bee into the insect bottle with corn aphids for parasitization, and provide 10% honey water in the bottle wall as supplementary nutrition;

[0156] Step 4: After 24 hours of parasitism, remove the female bees and place the insect bottles in a culture environment with environmental conditions of temperature 25±1°C, relative humidity 65±5%, and photoperiod L:D=14h:10h; 10 replicates per treatment;

[0157] Step 5: Observe and record the number of aphids every day, and calculate the parasitic amount of a single parasitic wasp in 24 hours to indicate the parasitic ability.

[0158] Table 8 below shows the results of the comparison of the adaptability of the cotton aphid wasp to parasitize bean aphid and corn aphid:

[0159] Table 8 Comparison of the adaptability of cotton aphid wasps to parasitize bean aphids and corn aphids

[0160]

[0161] Note: The values ​​in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate that the parasitism rate and emergence rate of bean aphid / corn aphid parasitized by cotton aphid wasps at different instars differed significantly at the 0.05 level (P<0.05). Different capital letters after the data in the same column indicate that the parasitism rate and emergence rate of different aphids parasitized by cotton aphid wasps differed significantly at the 0.05 level (P<0.05).

[0162] The results showed that the parasitism rate and emergence rate of cotton aphid aphid wasp on bean aphid were significantly higher than those of corn aphid. Therefore, this comparison can prove that there are great advantages in using young bean aphids to breed cotton aphid aphid wasp.

[0163] The above examples show that: the cotton aphid aphid wasp has a high ability to prevent and control sorghum aphids. And in terms of the cultivation of the cotton aphid aphid wasp: the parasitism rate and emergence rate of the cotton aphid aphid wasp on bean aphids are significantly higher than those of corn aphids, indicating that bean aphids are ideal intermediate hosts for breeding cotton aphid aphid wasps. The present application explores the effects of broad bean planting and aphid rearing processes on aphid production, and finds that when the broad bean seedlings grow to about 3 cm, inoculating about 15 bean sprouts per plant can hatch more bean aphids. Overall, the present invention can achieve large-scale breeding of cotton aphid aphid wasps by utilizing bean aphids as intermediate hosts, providing strong technical support for the large-scale production of cotton aphid aphid wasps.

[0164] It is understood that the present application is described by way of some embodiments, and it is understood by those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. In addition, under the guidance of the present application, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling sorghum aphids, characterized in that: The method for preventing and controlling sorghum aphids comprises: releasing cotton aphid wasps in a field with sorghum aphids, and using the cotton aphid wasps to prevent and control sorghum aphids, wherein the ratio of the released cotton aphid wasps to the sorghum aphids in the field is ≥1:

50.

2. The method for controlling sorghum aphids according to claim 1, wherein: The releasing of cotton aphid wasps comprises: releasing the cotton aphid wasps multiple times at regular intervals; Preferably, the cycle interval is seven days.

3. A method for cultivating cotton aphid wasps, characterized in that: A substitute host is used to breed the cotton aphid wasp; the substitute host comprises at least one of bean aphid or corn aphid.

4. The method for cultivating the cotton aphid wasp according to claim 3, wherein: The alternative host comprises one of a young bean aphid or a young corn aphid.

5. The method for breeding aphid wasps of cotton aphids according to claim 3, wherein: The young bean aphids are bean aphids with a developmental stage of 1st or 2nd instar.

6. The method for breeding aphid wasps of cotton aphids according to claim 3, wherein: The young corn aphids are corn aphids in the 2nd year of development.

7. The method for breeding aphid wasps of cotton aphids according to claim 3, wherein: The bean aphids are obtained by the following breeding method: bean aphids are inoculated when broad bean seedlings grow to 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm.

8. The method for breeding aphid wasps of cotton aphids according to claim 7, wherein: The inoculating bean aphids comprises: inoculating 12 to 18 bean aphids on each bean seedling.

9. The method for breeding aphid wasps of cotton aphids according to claim 7, wherein: The bean sprouts are obtained by adopting the following cultivation method: adopting sandy soil to cultivate germinated broad bean seeds, and keeping the sandy soil moist until the broad bean seeds emerge.

10. The method for breeding aphid wasps of cotton aphids according to claim 9, characterized in that: The germinated broad bean seeds are obtained by the following cultivation method: soaking the broad bean seeds with warm water, placing them at 13° C. to 17° C. and soaking them for 20 hours to 28 hours, removing excess water, and keeping the broad bean seeds moist until the broad beans show buds.

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