Rapid hoisting device and process for PC vertical shaft

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid hoisting device and technology for a PC vertical shaft. The device is mainly composed of a cylindrical support, a multi-connecting-rod support and a correction guide frame. The cylindrical bracket is inserted into the PC shaft, double-layer radiation rings are connected through a central guide cylinder, and a semicircular base is arranged at the bottom to assist the shaft in overturning; the horizontally-stored PC vertical shaft is firstly overturned and then hoisted, during hoisting, the multi-connecting-rod support achieves mechanical self-locking through the center main rib, the hinged branch ribs and the friction blocks, and after splicing, gravity unloading, unlocking and separation are achieved; the correction guide frame is installed at the top end of the vertical shaft and composed of a ring sheet hoop and a guide sheet, and upper and lower sections of PC vertical shafts are centered forcibly through the guide sheet. The process comprises the following steps: inserting the bracket and fixing the guide frame; the multi-connecting-rod system is automatically locked during overturning and hoisting; hoisting to a target position for guiding, correcting and assembling; after unloading, the main rib slides down to unlock the device; and recycling and circularly hoisting through the auxiliary hoisting ring. According to the device, efficient hoisting and precise splicing of the prefabricated concrete shaft can be achieved, the splicing time of a single-section shaft is shortened to be within 5 min, the perpendicularity deviation is controlled to be within 0.5%, standardized construction of the technology is achieved through a self-locking mechanism and a guiding system, the device is suitable for building municipal pipe network and underground engineering construction of different depths, and the construction efficiency is improved. The method has the remarkable advantages of safety, high efficiency, low cost and recyclability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The technology of the present invention belongs to the field of building municipal pipelines and underground engineering construction. It is a PC shaft rapid lifting device and process, which can realize the rapid lifting and precise assembly of precast concrete shafts. Through the mechanical self-locking and guide system, it can achieve efficient and safe construction, significantly improve the lifting efficiency and control the assembly error. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of accelerating urbanization, municipal pipeline construction and anti-seepage projects have placed higher demands on the efficiency and precision of underground structure construction.

[0003] Traditional cast-in-place concrete shafts suffer from long construction times, high pollution levels, and high costs. Precast concrete (PC) shafts, however, are becoming mainstream due to their factory-based production and environmentally friendly nature. However, existing PC shaft hoisting technology still faces significant bottlenecks: First, the hoisting equipment is complex, requiring multiple steps for auxiliary positioning, and the hoisting time for a single section exceeds 10 minutes. Second, manual correction accuracy is low, with assembly misalignment generally exceeding 10mm and vertical deviations easily exceeding 1%. Third, the equipment lacks versatility, making it difficult to adapt to shafts of varying diameters. These shortcomings have hindered the widespread application of precast shafts, necessitating the development of a new hoisting system that combines efficiency, precision, and versatility.

[0004] In response to the above-mentioned technical pain points, the present invention uses an innovative mechanical self-locking mechanism and guide system to achieve the completion of lifting of a single-section vertical shaft within 2 minutes and control the assembly error to ≤5mm and the verticality deviation to ≤0.5%. At the same time, the device can be recycled, significantly reducing construction costs and providing key technical support for the large-scale application of prefabricated vertical shafts in the field of underground engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In the construction of municipal pipe networks and underground projects, traditional cast-in-place shafts have prominent problems such as long construction periods, severe environmental pollution, and high costs. Although the factory-based production model of precast concrete (PC) shafts has significant advantages, it is limited by inefficient hoisting technology. Existing hoisting equipment is complex and relies on manual correction. The hoisting time of a single section exceeds 10 minutes, the assembly misalignment often reaches more than 10 mm, and the verticality deviation easily exceeds 1%, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision construction. In response to these technical bottlenecks, the present invention creatively developed a PC shaft rapid hoisting device and process based on a mechanical self-locking and guiding system. Through structural innovation and process optimization, efficient and precise construction of precast shafts is achieved.

[0006] The device consists of three parts: a cylindrical support, a multi-link support, and a correction guide. The cylindrical support adopts a modular high-strength steel structure. A rigid frame is formed by welding a double-layer radial ring to a central guide cylinder. The semicircular base at the bottom can assist in 90° flipping and lifting of the shaft to meet the requirements of different pipe diameters. The multi-link support system uses the principle of leverage to drive the opening and closing of the articulated support bones. During lifting, the friction block and the well wall generate friction to achieve mechanical self-locking. After unloading, gravity causes the main bone to slide down and unlock automatically, and the lifting process can be completed without external power. The correction guide is designed through a combination of a ring hoop and a guide plate to form a conical structure with a guide cut at the top of the shaft, forcing the upper and lower sections of the shaft to be aligned, ensuring that the assembly misalignment is ≤5mm and the verticality deviation is ≤0.5%.

[0007] The hoisting process involves five core steps: first, inserting the cylindrical support into the bottom of the shaft and bolting the guide frame to the top. During lifting, the central main frame moves upward, driving the multi-link system to open and lock, achieving the entire shaft hoist. Once the target position is reached, the conical surface of the guide plate guides the precise docking. After unloading, gravity drives the main frame downward and unlocks. The auxiliary lifting ring is then recovered and the hoisting cycle is completed. The entire process is automated, reducing the time required for a single section to 5 minutes, more than doubling the efficiency of traditional processes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0009] Figure 1The present invention is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cylindrical support and the multi-link support. In the figure: the cylindrical support (1) is a steel component, which is composed of an upper radial ring (11), a lower radial ring (12), a semicircular base (13) and a central guide cylinder (14), wherein the upper radial ring (11) and the lower radial ring (12) are welded to form an integral cylindrical frame through the central guide cylinder (14), and the bottom semicircular base (13) and the lower radial ring (12) are welded to form a whole. A secondary lifting ring (112) is welded to the spoke (111) of the upper radial ring (11); the multi-link support (2) is composed of a central main bone (21), The hinged support bone (22), the friction block (23) and the bottom end plate (24) are composed of a main lifting ring (211) at the top of the central main bone (21) and connected to the crane through a wire rope (212). The central main bone (21) can move up and down in the central guide cylinder (14). One end of the hinged support bone (22) is hinged to the bottom end plate (24) of the central main bone (21), and the other end is hinged to the friction block (23). The middle is hinged to the radial strip (123) of the lower radial ring (12) and rotates around it. The hinged support bone (22) is driven to open and close by the up and down movement of the central main bone (21) in the central guide cylinder (14). When the central main bone (21) is lifted by the top main lifting ring (211) and the wire rope (212), the hinged support bone (22) is opened, and the friction block (23) is pressed against the inner wall of the shaft, thereby lifting the PC shaft as a whole; when the recovery device is assembled in the current shaft for reuse, the central main bone (21) is loosened, and the central main bone (21) slides downward in the central guide cylinder (14) under the action of gravity, driving the hinged support bone (22) to retract, and the friction block (23) falls off from the inner wall of the PC shaft. At this time, the lifting auxiliary lifting ring (112) lifts the device out of the PC shaft for subsequent repeated lifting use.

[0010] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the correction guide frame of the device, in which: the correction guide frame (3) is composed of a ring hoop (31) and a guide piece (32), wherein the ring hoop (31) is formed by bending a thin steel sheet (311), and is provided with a bent angle ear (312) at the connection of its two ends and is fastened to the outer edge of the upper opening of the PC shaft (4) by bolts (313) after opening a hole; four guide pieces (32) are symmetrically welded on the outer side of the ring hoop (31) of the correction guide frame (3), and the guide piece (32) is cut into a polygon by a steel plate, and is provided with a guide notch (321) on its upper opening to guide the upper section shaft (4) to guide the centering when it is inserted.

[0011] Figure 3 The figure is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a PC shaft after being assembled by the device of the present invention. In the figure, the cylindrical support (1) and the multi-link support (2) have been lifted off after assembly. After assembly, only the assembled PC shafts (4) of each section and the upper outer edge correction guide (3) of the middle section PC shaft (4) remain on site. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0013] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for understanding and reading by those familiar with this technology, and are not used to limit the conditions for implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0014] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] First, prepare and adapt the device. According to the diameter of the PC shaft to be hoisted, select a cylindrical bracket of corresponding specifications. Because it adopts a modular design, the rigid frame formed by welding the double-layer radial ring and the central guide tube can be flexibly adapted to different sizes. Check the multi-link support to ensure that the central main bone moves up and down smoothly in the central guide tube, the hinge of the articulated support bone rotates flexibly, and the friction block surface is intact and free of wear. At the same time, confirm that the size of the ring hoop of the correction guide frame matches the top of the shaft, the guide cut and outward angle of the guide plate meet the requirements, and the outward angle of the upper opening is not less than 15°.

[0016] Next, the bracket is inserted and the guide frame is installed. The cylindrical bracket is slowly inserted into the horizontally positioned PC shaft, ensuring that the semicircular base at the bottom aligns with the inner wall of the shaft. The structural characteristics of the semicircular base provide support for subsequent shaft flipping and lifting. The ring hoop of the correction guide frame is then placed over the outer edge of the top of the PC shaft and secured securely with bolts on the bent angle ears. The four symmetrically distributed guide blades are welded securely to form a guide cone.

[0017] Then, the turning and lifting operations are carried out. The crane is connected to the main lifting ring at the top of the central main frame via a steel wire rope. When the lifting begins, the central main frame moves upward within the central guide cylinder. Under the action of the lever principle, it drives the articulated support frames to open outward. The friction blocks gradually contact and tighten with the inner wall of the PC shaft, generating sufficient friction to achieve mechanical self-locking. At this point, the PC shaft can be smoothly turned 90° from horizontal to vertical and lifted to the construction location.

[0018] Next comes guide correction and assembly. When the PC shaft is hoisted above the target location, the guide blades on the top correction guide frame of the lower shaft section provide guidance. The upper shaft section is forced to align under the guidance of the guide blades. The guide cone of the guide blade ensures that the upper and lower shaft sections are precisely aligned, and assembly misalignment is controlled within 5mm, while ensuring that the verticality deviation does not exceed 0.5%.

[0019] After assembly is complete, unloading and unlocking are carried out. After the shaft is assembled in place, the lifting force is released. Under the action of gravity, the central main frame slides downward along the central guide cylinder, driving the articulated support frames to retract, and the friction blocks disengage from the inner wall of the shaft, achieving automatic unlocking. At this time, the multi-link support system no longer applies force to the shaft.

[0020] Finally, the device is recovered and recycled. By lifting the auxiliary lifting ring on the upper radial ring of the cylindrical support, the entire device is lifted out of the assembled PC shaft. After the various components of the device are inspected, it can be used for the lifting operation of the next PC shaft. The entire process can control the assembly time of a single PC shaft to less than 5 minutes, achieving efficient and cyclical construction. Example

[0021] In a certain city's underground utility corridor project, the device of the present invention was used to construct a precast concrete power shaft with a diameter of 2.0m and a total depth of 18m. Each shaft section was 3.0m tall and 15cm thick, precast from C40 high-strength concrete. The cylindrical supports were constructed from Q390B high-strength steel, with an outer diameter of 1.85m to accommodate the installation clearance within the shaft's inner diameter of 1.9m. The specific implementation process is as follows: 1. Device configuration and installation preparation The cylindrical support's double-layered radial rings are welded together through a central guide tube. The lower radial ring is welded to the semicircular base to form a rigid, integrated structure. The multi-link support system utilizes four sets of articulated supports, with end friction blocks constructed with a composite rubber material (friction coefficient μ = 0.4), resulting in an optimized contact area of ​​0.06 m². The correction guide's hoop is rolled from 5 mm thick hot-rolled steel plate and bolted to the shaft's top. The four guide blades are cut using a cutting process, with a 75° guide cut surface.

[0022] 2. Precise hoisting of the first vertical shaft Insert the cylindrical bracket vertically into the inner cavity of the first section of the shaft, and expose 150mm of the semicircular base as a turning fulcrum. After the correction guide frame is installed, the crane lifts the main lifting ring at a uniform speed of 5m / min, and the central main bone moves up 25cm along the guide cylinder, driving the articulated support bone to unfold. The friction block forms a surface contact self-locking with the shaft wall, and the measured locking force reaches 220kN. After the shaft is turned 90°, it is hoisted to the foundation pit and accurately docked with the embedded socket of the lower section through the conical surface of the guide plate. The laser positioning instrument test shows that the horizontal displacement deviation is 3.1mm and the verticality deviation is 0.31%, which is better than the requirements of GB50141 specification.

[0023] 3. Multi-section continuous and efficient construction The subsequent five vertical shaft sections were constructed using a circulating flow system. After each section was installed, the main lifting rings were released, allowing the central main frame to slide 30cm under the action of gravity, the hinged support frames to retract, and the friction blocks to completely detach from the shaft wall. The device was lifted off via the secondary lifting rings and transported to the prefabrication yard, reducing the turnaround time to 25 seconds. During the installation of the fourth vertical shaft section, a force 6 gust was encountered. By adding temporary stabilizing rigging and reducing the lifting speed to 3m / min, a single-section lifting efficiency of 4 minutes and 10 seconds was still achieved, and the joint misalignment was controlled within 4.2mm.

[0024] 4. Comprehensive Benefit Verification The project completed the installation of six vertical shaft sections, with a total construction time of only half that of conventional methods. The equipment reuse rate reached 97%, and the overall cost of lifting a single section was reduced by 28%. Testing revealed a vertical deviation of 0.46% across the entire shaft. This case successfully demonstrated the technical advantages of this invention in large-diameter, deep vertical shaft construction, providing a new model for industrialized construction in urban underground space development.

[0025] This technology transcends the limitations of traditional lifting methods and offers significant advantages: a modular design enables equipment versatility, adapting to shafts of varying diameters; a mechanical self-locking mechanism eliminates manual intervention, enhancing construction safety; a guide system ensures millimeter-level precision, reducing subsequent repair costs; and its recyclable nature reduces equipment investment, aligning with the philosophy of green construction. It has been successfully applied in municipal pipeline projects, reducing costs per project by over 20% and significantly shortening construction schedules, providing important support for the large-scale rollout of prefabricated shaft technology. As the technology improves, it is expected to be further expanded to deep shaft projects such as subways, driving the development of underground space towards industrialization and intelligentization.

[0026] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A PC shaft rapid lifting device and process, characterized by: The device includes a cylindrical bracket, a multi-link support and a correction guide frame; the double-layer radial rings of the cylindrical bracket are connected by a central guide cylinder, and a semicircular base is provided at the bottom; the multi-link support is composed of a central main bone, a hinged support bone and a friction block; the correction guide frame is composed of a ring hoop and a guide plate; the device realizes rapid hoisting of the vertical shaft through a mechanical self-locking mechanism and a guide system, automatically unlocks after assembly, and can be reused for cyclic hoisting.

2. The PC shaft rapid hoisting device and process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cylindrical bracket adopts a modular design, with double-layer radial rings welded to the outer wall of the central guide cylinder, which can adapt to different pipe diameters; the semicircular base is rigidly connected to the lower radial ring, and the circular base is used to roll to assist the vertical shaft flipping and lifting.

3. The PC shaft rapid hoisting device and process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-link support moves up and down in the guide cylinder through the central main bone, and uses the lever principle to drive the hinged support bones to open and close. During lifting, the friction block and the well wall generate friction to achieve self-locking. After unloading, gravity causes the main bone to slide down and unlock. After the friction block is separated from the well wall, the device can be reused.

4. The PC shaft rapid hoisting device and process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ring hoop of the correction guide frame is fastened to the top of the vertical shaft by bolts, and four guide plates are symmetrically and evenly welded to the ring hoop. The upper opening is expanded outward to form a guide cone surface, thereby realizing forced alignment of the upper and lower vertical shafts.

5. The PC shaft rapid hoisting device and process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The lifting process includes: 1) inserting the bracket guide into the PC shaft; 2) automatic flipping and locking of the multi-link system; 3) guide correction and shaft assembly; 4) gravity unlocking and disengagement device; 5) cyclic lifting through the auxiliary lifting ring recovery device.

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