Illuminatable laminated sunroof for a vehicle, vehicle having such an illuminatable laminated sunroof

Abstract

The present invention relates to an illuminable laminated sunroof (100) for a vehicle having an optical barrier coating (5) on a non-fluoropolymer transparent film (5 ') within a laminated interlayer (3).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an illuminable laminated glass roof for a vehicle, in particular a laminated glass roof for a road vehicle having light emitting diodes.

[0002] Light-emitting diodes are already used in automotive vehicle glazing roofs, in particular panoramic laminated roofs illuminated by light-emitting diodes, as described in document WO 2010049638. The light emitted by the diodes is introduced via edge faces into the inner glazing forming a light guide, from which it is extracted via a scattering layer on the glazing.

[0003] In order to improve light extraction, document WO2015118279 proposes a light-emitting laminate carrier top, which incorporates a fluoropolymer film with a thickness of at least 600 nm in a thermoplastic laminate interlayer, which has a refractive index n2 at 550 nm, and the inner glass is a light guide with a refractive index n1, n1-n2 is at least 0.08, and the fluoropolymer film forms an optical insulator between the inner glass and the colored element (such as the outer glass).

[0004] The present invention seeks to develop an alternative illuminable laminate skylight for a vehicle.

[0005] To this end, the present invention relates to an illuminable laminated skylight for a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle (automobile: car, truck; public transport: bus, etc.) or a railway vehicle (train, subway, tram), comprising a laminated (preferably curved) glazing, the laminated glazing being transparent (at least in the transparent glass (central) region), the laminated glazing comprising:

[0006] a first (curved) transparent sheet made of inorganic glass, intended to form the outer glazing, which is optionally tinted, in particular gray or green, and has a first main face F1 (intended to face the outside of the vehicle), which is in particular bare, and an opposite second main face F2, which is bare or coated with a functional transparent coating (in the transparent glazing area), and a first edge, the transparent functional coating having, in particular, a thickness of at most 1 μm or 200 nm for road vehicles and, for passenger cars, preferably at most 4 mm, or even at most 2.5 mm, even at most 2.2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - and even a thickness of at least 0.7 mm, for example with a refractive index nv of at least 1.5 in the visible range,

[0007] a polymeric laminate interlayer which is transparent (at least in the transparent glazing area) and is in adhesive contact with the bare or coated third face F3 and with the bare or coated second face F2, in particular a single-layer or multi-layer and even a single-sheet or multi-sheet, including an upper intermediate layer, in adhesive contact with the second face F2 or, in the transparent glazing area, with a functional transparent coating on face F2, in particular a functional transparent coating having a thickness of at most 1 μm or 200 nm,

[0008] - a second (curved) transparent (at least in the (central) transparent glass area) sheet made of inorganic glass or polymer, preferably ultra-white (especially in configuration i) below), with a refractive index n1 in the visible light range, having a third main face F3 and a fourth main face F4, preferably bare or even coated with a functional (transparent) coating in the transparent glass area, the functional (transparent) coating especially having a thickness of at most 1 μm or 200 nm, the second sheet preferably being made of inorganic glass, its third face F3 facing the outside of the vehicle and its fourth face F4 facing the passenger compartment, especially having a thickness of at least 0.7 mm (to promote light guidance), optionally less than the thickness of the first glass sheet, even up to 2.2 mm - especially 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even up to 1.3 mm or up to 1 mm, the total thickness of the first and second sheets preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, even less than 3.7 mm.

[0009] The laminated skylight according to the invention comprises an optically isolating layer having a refractive index n2 in the visible range, said optically isolating layer being transparent (at least in the (central) transparent glass area) and having a sub-millimeter thickness Ei of at least 400 nm.

[0010] The laminated skylight according to the present invention further comprises a coated substrate comprising:

[0011] a transparent film of submillimeter thickness Ef, made of a material other than a fluoropolymer, preferably a polymer, having a front main face Fa facing the face F2 and an opposite rear main face Fb (and an edge face),

[0012] - An optical isolation layer, which is an optical isolation coating, made of a material containing a matrix different from a fluoropolymer, preferably a polymer, and the optical isolation layer is (directly or on a transparent functional sublayer) on one of the front face Fa or the back face Fb (in this case referred to as the coating (or deposition) face) and the edge face.

[0013] In the first configuration i), preferably, the first pane and / or the upper intermediate layer is tinted (especially in the transparent glass area), the refractive index n1 in the visible light range is preferably at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, especially 1.5 to 1.53 (especially a glass pane, preferably extra white glass), the coated substrate is laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3, and is in adhesive contact with the third face F3 or (in the transparent glass area) with the functional transparent coating on face F3, between the upper intermediate layer and the lower intermediate layer (preferably untinted, colorless or in other words clair, having a refractive index n3 in the visible light range), especially if n1>n3, n1-n3 is preferably less than 0.05.

[0014] n2 is smaller than n1 (and even smaller than n3), and the difference in refractive index n1-n2 in the visible range is at least 0.06, and better still at least one of the following values: 0.07, 0.08.

[0015] In this first configuration i), the top portion may comprise a third sheet made of inorganic glass or polymer, having a fifth main face F5, a sixth main face F6 and a third edge face, said third sheet particularly having a refractive index n'1 of at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, particularly from 1.5 to 1.53, said third sheet being bonded to the second sheet via a further lamination interlayer comprising a further upper intermediate layer and / or a further lower intermediate layer. The coated film (of the substrate) is thus relatively distant from the third sheet. However, said third sheet may be a light extraction sheet (guided between the optical isolation coating and the extraction zone), said light extraction sheet being, for example, diffuse or textured.

[0016] In particular, light originating from one or more light sources is injected into the lower portion of the top portion, below the optical isolation coating (thus towards face F4), preferably into the second sheet (via the inner wall of the hole (through hole) in the second sheet or via the edge face or via the fourth face F4, light refracted into the second sheet, as described in detail below) and / or the lower laminate interlayer, or into the optional third sheet or even below the third sheet (in particular via face F6, light refracted into the third sheet). The third sheet can be locally textured or diffuse and even thick enough to facilitate injection into it for guiding light, such as a polymer sheet (polymethacrylate, PMMA, etc.). The top portion can contain one or more light sources (peripheral, adjacent and / or opposite edges) for light injection, in particular one or more groups of diodes, each group of diodes optionally coupled directly to the second glass sheet (in particular via an edge or via the fourth face F4) or coupled to a light guide, such as an extraction fiber having a light exit zone along the coupling edge of the top portion (of the second sheet).

[0017] In the second construction j), the top may additionally include a third sheet made of inorganic glass or organic glass, which has a fifth main face F5, a sixth main face F6 and a third edge face, whose third edge face has a refractive index n'1 of preferably at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular 1.5 to 1.53, and whose third sheet is bonded to the second sheet via another laminate interlayer, wherein the other laminate interlayer comprises another upper intermediate layer and another lower intermediate layer in contact with the fifth face F5 and having a refractive index n'3 in the visible light range, in particular, if n'1>n'3, n'1-n'3 is preferably less than 0.05.

[0018] The coated substrate is in adhesive contact with the other upper and lower intermediate layers of the other laminate interlayer, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of the first sheet, the (upper, lower, additional) intermediate layer of the laminate interlayer, the second sheet, and the other upper intermediate layer is pigmented. n2 is less than n'1 (and even less than n'3), and the difference in refractive index n'1-n2 in the visible range is at least 0.05, and more preferably at least 0.06, 0.07, or 0.08.

[0019] In particular, in the second construction, the injection of light is in the lower part of the top, below the optical isolation coating, in particular in the third sheet (opening or injection through the edge face or via face F6, the light is refracted into the third sheet) and / or other lower laminated interlayers (opening or injection through the edge face) or even below the third sheet (addition of local textured or scattering films, such as polymer films (PMMA, etc.)).

[0020] The top portion may comprise (for light injection) one or more light sources (peripheral, adjacent and / or opposite edges), in particular one or more groups of diodes, optionally each group of diodes being directly coupled to the third glass sheet (in particular via an edge or via face F6) or coupled to a light guide, such as an extraction optical fiber having a light exit zone along the coupling edge of the top portion (of the third sheet).

[0021] Transparent films, such as optical barrier coatings, that are not based on fluoropolymers (defined as having fluorocarbon-based repeating units) have poor adhesion to the lamination interlayer or require corona treatment for adhesion. According to the present invention, the polymer has non-fluorocarbon repeating units (in its backbone), but its secondary functionality (grafts, side chains) optionally has fluorocarbons.

[0022] For transparent films, even ultrathin glass (up to 0.6 mm) can be chosen, and for coated substrates even fully inorganic solutions with inorganic (or hybrid) optically isolating coatings can be chosen, such as depositions obtained by liquids, in particular (optically isolating coatings) nanoporous silica sol-gels or even MgF2.

[0023] The transparent film may preferably be a polymer film instead of glass, even an ultra-thin material that can be broken, and even if the coating substrate is a solution, any polymer having an optical barrier coating of a polymer film and a polymer matrix, for example by liquid deposition such as printing (by inkjet printing). By inorganic (or hybrid), deposition is for example physical vapor deposition, by sol-gel methods.

[0024] Advantageously, to further increase brightness:

[0025] the difference in refractive index n1-n2 or n'1-n2 in the visible range is at least 0.08 and preferably at least one of the following values: 0.09, 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.3, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35,

[0026] The thickness Ei is at least 800 nm, 900 nm, 1 μm and is preferably less than or equal to one of the following values: 10 μm, 5 μm, 3 μm, 2 μm.

[0027] For mechanical strength (particularly in the case of low-refractive-index nanoparticles and / or pores in the optically isolating coating) and / or depending on the usability of the product (not so easy at very low refractive indices), it may be desirable to limit the difference in refractive index n1-n2 or n'1-n2 and choose it to be at most 0.2 or at most 0.15, and preferably at least 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, in particular for n1 or n'1 (in the case of the second or third glass sheet) of 1.5 to 1.53.

[0028] The coated substrate (and optionally the lower interlayer, the second sheet or even a further lower intermediate layer, the third sheet) has a haze of at most 1°, or even 0.5° (outside the area with the light extraction means). Inclusions and pinholes are preferably avoided.

[0029] In particular, in the case of n1 being 1.5 to 1.53 (e.g. glass sheets) in the visible range, in particular at 600 nm and preferably at 500 nm to 750 nm and even at 380 nm to 750 nm, n2 and / or the average refractive index n2 is mCan be less than or equal to one of the following values: 1.42, 1.41, 1.40, 1.39, 1.38, 1.37, 1.36, 1.35, 1.34, 1.33, 1.32, 1.31, 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26, 1.25, 1.2, 1.19, 1.18, 1.16, 1.17, 1.15.

[0030] In particular, with n1 being at least 1.55 in the visible range, the refractive index n2 in the visible range, in particular at 600 nm and preferably at 500 nm to 750 nm and even at 380 nm to 750 nm, may be less than or equal to one of the following values: 1.50, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47.

[0031] The optical barrier coating may occupy at least 80%, 90%, 95% and even 100% (unfinished) of the surface (deposition side) of a transparent film, especially a polymer film (and even a thermoplastic polymer).

[0032] The optical barrier coating may have good adhesion to the transparent film (substrate) according to the present invention, which is preferably a polymer (and even a thermoplastic polymer).

[0033] For example, a transparent film, preferably a polymer (better still a thermoplastic polymer, and even PET) has a smooth surface on the deposition side (Fa or Fb) with a low surface roughness (especially the Rz parameter) of at most 1 μm.

[0034] For better optical quality, the thickness Ei of the optical isolation coating varies by at most ±5%.The thickness Ei is preferably as low as possible in order to avoid high material costs without reducing the optical function.

[0035] The optical barrier coating is transparent (so that the sky is visible), but may be tinted or clear, in particular having (only) a light transmission of at least 80% or at least 90%.

[0036] The optical isolation coating preferably extends over the entire (central) transparent glass area of ​​the top, with its edge face being in particular below the masking frame layer (opaque ink or glaze: black, etc.), closer to face F2 than the masking frame layer, which is an opaque solid layer and optionally has a discontinuous opaque pattern (darkening towards the center for greater transparency), described in detail later.

[0037] The optical isolation coating is preferably a continuous layer (inorganic or organic or hybrid, especially with low refractive index nanoparticles, such as hollow silica) that occupies the entire transparent glass area and all or part of the coated face Fa or Fb based on the extent of the film under the masking frame.

[0038] For simplicity, the optical barrier coating is a single layer, but can be produced in one or more stages (by liquid).

[0039] The optical isolation coating may be covered by a functional (coating) layer, in particular a protective layer: a diffusion barrier layer and / or a mechanical protection layer, in particular a film having a thickness of at most 100 μm and at least 30 μm or a coating having a thickness of at most 10 μm. An optical isolation coating having a matrix (organic, inorganic) and low-refractive-index (or hollow and / or porous) nanoparticles may be selected, and a dense coating (organic, inorganic) of the same matrix may be selected.

[0040] Preferably, in particular to simplify manufacturing, on a transparent film (preferably a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer), the optical isolation coating may be an organic, cross-linked polymer or a thermoplastic polymer, and the organic protective covering may be, for example, a thermoplastic polymer or a cross-linked polymer.

[0041] In a first embodiment, the optical barrier coating is on the rear face Fb, in particular a transparent film (substrate), in particular a polymer and even PET, clear or pigmented.

[0042] In a second embodiment, the optical barrier coating is on the front face Fa, and in particular the polymer and even the PET carrier film is pure, in particular having a refractive index n4 greater than n2 (and even greater than n3 and n1 or n'3 and n'1). For example, n4-n2 is at least 0.05 or even one of the following values: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3.

[0043] Since the transparent film according to the invention, preferably polymeric, does not adhere to the glass, it is in adhesive contact with the lamination interlayer (respectively with the other lamination interlayer) which bonds the first and second (respectively the second and third) sheets.

[0044] Thus, in one embodiment, the laminate interlayer (upper intermediate layer or optional additional intermediate layer, lower intermediate layer) or another laminate interlayer (another upper intermediate layer, another lower intermediate layer) is in adhesive contact with the substrate coated on the side of the front face Fa and on the side of the face Fb; in particular, the adhesive contact can be in adhesive contact over the entire surface of the face opposite to the coated face (Fa) and over the entire surface of the optical isolation coating. Optionally, a functional coating, in particular a scattering coating - forming a light extraction device - is applied locally or discontinuously (pattern group, etc.) to the lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) or another lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB). It can be in contact with the rear face (Fb, bare or with a lining) or with the optical isolation coating (on face Fb), or even with face F3.

[0045] Thus, the lower intermediate layer (respectively the further lower intermediate layer) may comprise a functional coating on the side of the rear face of the coated substrate or on the side of face F3, in particular a scattering coating (forming a light extractor), which is preferably transparent (in the closed state), in particular partially covering the lower intermediate layer (respectively the further lower intermediate layer).

[0046] When the optical isolation coating is on the rear face Fb, the lower intermediate layer (correspondingly, the other lower intermediate layer) is in adhesive contact with a portion of the surface of the optical isolation coating, and the functional coating (scattering, especially the extractor) on the side of the rear face Fb is also in contact with the optical isolation coating. When the optical isolation coating is on the front face Fa, the lower intermediate layer (correspondingly, the other lower intermediate layer) is in adhesive contact with a portion of the uncoated face Fb, and the functional coating on the side of the rear face is also in contact with the uncoated face Fb.

[0047] For example, the functional scattering coating forming the light extraction device (on the side of the rear face Fb) faces face F2 and is deposited on the thermoplastic lower intermediate layer (PVB) (respectively, another thermoplastic lower intermediate layer (PVB)), and preferably occupies at most 50% or 40% of the top, or transparent glass area, or the lower intermediate layer (respectively, another lower intermediate layer).

[0048] For example (in construction i)), the functional scattering coating forming the light extraction device is on surface F3 or on one side of surface F3 of the thermoplastic lower intermediate layer (PVB) (correspondingly, another thermoplastic lower intermediate layer (PVB)), and preferably occupies at most 40% or 30% of the top, or the transparent glass area, or the lower intermediate layer (correspondingly, another lower intermediate layer).

[0049] The optical isolation coating may comprise (consist of) an organic or mixed inorganic matrix, wherein the refractive index n2 is preferably at most 1.42 or 1.4 (especially if n1 or n'1 is 1.51 to 1.53), the isolation coating being optically clear or optionally colored with a dye (molecule or pigment).

[0050] The optical barrier coating may comprise at least 99 wt% of a cross-linked polymer, optionally a photoinitiator, and a rheological agent.

[0051] The optical barrier coating is preferably deposited by a liquid method.

[0052] The surface of the optical barrier coating (before assembly) is non-sticky and involves the use of a laminating interlayer. The surface does not adhere to the glass to the touch, in particular. Depending on the selected deposition surface, the upper interlayer, the lower interlayer, or the additional interlayer of the laminating interlayer is in adhesive contact with the surface, or the lower interlayer or the upper interlayer is in adhesive contact with the surface.

[0053] The optical barrier coating is in particular a varnish (unvernis) which can be obtained from a photocrosslinkable resin and a photoinitiator (if necessary) or a thermally crosslinkable two-component mixture or the like. The crosslinkable resin layer is deposited on a (transparent) preferably polymer film. Once the material is crosslinked, the free surface is no longer sticky.

[0054] In particular, the optical barrier coating comprises (consists of) a cross-linked polymer matrix having said refractive index n2 of preferably at most 1.42 (or 1.4 or 1.35), said matrix being preferably selected from:

[0055] - polymers based on polyacrylates (for example in order to have a refractive index of at most 1.42 or 1.4), optionally with fluorinated functions (in order to have a refractive index as low as possible), in particular polyurethane acrylates or fluorinated polyurethane acrylates or fluorinated silicone acrylates,

[0056] - or even silicones (for example with a refractive index of at most 1.4 or 1.3), in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, epoxy polymers, polyepoxides, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates, polyesters.

[0057] Preferably, the optical barrier coating contains no free silicone or volatile silicone components (sources of surface contamination).

[0058] Polyacrylates described herein refer to any polymer containing repeating units derived from acrylic acid esters. The repeating units can be substituted or unsubstituted within the allowed valence range. Acrylate polymers can be homopolymers and / or copolymers. In this article, polyacrylates include one or more polymethyl acrylate, polyvinyl acrylate, polypropyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, and polypropyl methacrylate.

[0059] The epoxy polymer described herein refers to a polymer obtained after polymerization of a substance containing an epoxy bond. The epoxy polymer includes one or more epoxy bisphenol A, bisphenol A epoxy resin, halogenated novolac epoxy resin, novolac epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, bisphenol S epoxy resin.

[0060] The cross-linked polymer material (of the optical barrier coating) may preferably be based on (or essentially consist of) a polymer associated with one or more functionalities, such as acrylate functionality for photocrosslinking (cross-linked polymer materials based on urethane acrylate or silicone acrylate) and / or fluorinated functionality for reducing the refractive index (cross-linked polymer materials based on fluorinated urethane acrylate or fluorinated silicone acrylate). Thus, the cross-linked polymer material of the optical barrier coating is preferably a polymer, preferably a polymer based on acrylate, urethane acrylate, or even silicone, silicone acrylate, which also has fluorinated functionality.

[0061] Depending on the desired properties, the acrylate functionality can be used for photocrosslinking (for polyurethane acrylates or silicone acrylates). The acrylate functionality enables photocrosslinking of polymers whose backbone consists of other functionalities such as urethane.

[0062] The optical barrier coating according to the invention can be obtained in particular by a liquid process and from a formulation which is preferably a two-component crosslinkable by UV (in particular UVA) light or even by a chemical reaction. UV (A) crosslinking is preferred because it is faster and the equipment is cheaper / more compact than crosslinking by a chemical reaction.

[0063] In a first example of an optical barrier coating, a crosslinkable UV resin based on acrylates is deposited on a transparent film, in particular a polymer and even PET.

[0064] In a second example of an optical barrier coating, a one-component crosslinkable UV resin based on acrylates (urethane acrylates) is deposited on a transparent film, in particular a polymer and even PET.

[0065] In a third example of an optical barrier coating, a cross-linkable silicone-based UV resin is deposited on a transparent film, especially a polymer and even PET.

[0066] The optical isolation coating (pure or pigmented) may comprise or even consist of a matrix having a refractive index n2 greater than n2 and less than n1 or n'1. m , and n2 m Preferably, n is at most 1.48, and n2 is preferably at most 1.42, and comprises (nano)pores and / or (nano)particles of low refractive index, in particular hollow and / or porous, having a size (outer diameter) of at most 300 nm or even at most 100 nm, such as hollow and / or porous silica nanoparticles (spheres, etc.). Preferably, the optical isolation coating contains no free silicone and no volatile silicone components (a source of surface contamination).

[0067] The matrix of the optical barrier coating may be organic, especially a crosslinked or thermoplastic polymer, in particular chosen from polymers based on polyacrylates, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyesters, polyurethanes or PVB, or inorganic, especially silica.

[0068] If n2 is to be further reduced by means of the matrix and (nano)pores and / or (nano)particles, the already described low-refractive-index polymers may be mentioned.

[0069] The optical barrier coating comprises in particular up to 60% by volume of low refractive index (nano)pores and / or (nano)particles or one of the following values: 40, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%.

[0070] The refractive index n2 can be adjusted based on the volume of the low-refractive-index or hollow nanopores or low-refractive-index nanoparticles. As a first approximation, the refractive index can be calculated using the following relationship: n2 = fn 2m +(1-f).n eff , where f is the volume fraction of the material constituting the layer, and n2 m is its (dense) refractive index, and n eff is the refractive index of the nanopores (equal to 1) or the effective refractive index of the nanoparticles (hollow and / or porous or low refractive index).

[0071] Table 1 below illustrates the refractive index n2 as a function of n2m and volume fraction.

[0072] [Table 1]

[0073] f 1-f n2m=1.5 n2m=1.48 n2m=1.45 n2m=1.42 n2m=1.4 n2m=1.35 1 0 1.50 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.35 0.9 0.1 1.45 1.43 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.32 0.85 0.15 1.43 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.30 0.8 0.2 1.40 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.28 0.75 0.25 1.38 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.26 0.7 0.3 1.35 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.28 1.25 0.65 0.35 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.23 0.6 0.4 1.30 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.24 1.21 0.55 0.45 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.19 0.5 0.5 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.18 0.45 0.55 1.23 1.22 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.16 0.4 0.6 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.14

[0074] The inorganic optical barrier coating preferably comprises (in particular consists of):

[0075] - sol-gel layers based on porous silica with an E1 of at most 1 μm, better still at most 800 nm and even 700 nm to avoid the risk of cracking, n1 can easily be as high as 1.3;

[0076] or a layer based on oxides (silicon dioxide, etc.) deposited by physical vapor deposition PVD (such as magnetron sputtering) with an E1 of at most 1 μm, better still at most 700 nm, since said deposition is very slow.

[0077] Using magnetron sputtering, the silicon dioxide layer may contain one or more other elements, such as aluminum, and may have a refractive index of 1.48.

[0078] The volume fraction of the pores can be limited and controlled, in particular by sol-gel methods.

[0079] Silicon dioxide prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) can thus be selected.

[0080] The pores can be closed by removing the particulate pore former.

[0081] The structuring of the sol-gel layer in the pores is associated with sol-gel type synthesis techniques, which enable the condensation of essentially inorganic (i.e. inorganic or hybrid-organic) materials with pore formers of suitably selected (in particular size and / or well-defined shape (elongated, spherical, elliptical, etc.)).

[0082] The laminated skylight (particularly the coating film) may comprise a protective transparent layer (film or coating), particularly a polymeric (thermoplastic polymer or cross-linked polymer) having a refractive index greater than n2, having a sub-millimeter thickness and even up to 100 μm, (on and) covering the optical isolation coating, optionally protruding from the optical isolation coating. In particular, it protects the optical isolation coating, which contains (nano) pores and / or (nano) particles of low refractive index, particularly hollow, porous (silicon dioxide, etc.). The protective transparent layer is a mechanical protection:

[0083] - in contact with a lower intermediate layer or another lower intermediate layer, and even with a scattering function forming light extraction means (discontinuous or local),

[0084] - or in contact with the upper intermediate layer or another upper intermediate layer, the optical isolation coating is on the front side.

[0085] The transparent film is, for example, a thermoplastic polymer (flexible, bends according to the curvature of the glazing).

[0086] The transparent film (substrate) according to the invention (especially a polymer) is preferably dimensionally stable, compatible with the lamination operation (pressurized, at a given temperature), and compatible with the autoclave channel.

[0087] The film (substrate) according to the present invention is different from a lamination interlayer for bonding sheets, which requires the use of a lamination interlayer.The film (substrate) is preferably a non-tacky film at room temperature.

[0088] The edge face of the coated substrate (of the transparent film and even of the optical barrier coating) may be at least 10 mm and even at least one of the following values: 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm from the edge face of the first sheet (or third sheet).

[0089] The edge face of the coated substrate (of the film, of the optical barrier coating) may be at most 15 mm away from the transparent glass area and even at least one of the following values: 10 mm, 8 mm, 5 mm, 1 mm.

[0090] For protection, preferably the periphery of the transparent film, especially of polymer and even PET (and even the coated substrate) can be surrounded by a portion (e.g. with a width of at least 5 mm) of the laminating interlayer (PVB, EVA, TPU, etc.), in (adhesive) contact therewith:

[0091] - or derived from creep of the lower interlayer and / or creep of the upper interlayer or of the additional interlayer,

[0092] - or by adding a peripheral frame layer having a thickness notably greater than or equal to the thickness Ef of the transparent film.

[0093] In one embodiment, the transparent film is recessed by at least 10 mm, and even at least 15 mm or 20 mm or 25 mm, from the first or second edge face; in particular, the thickness Ef of the transparent film is at least 0.2 mm, and the top portion comprises an intermediate frame layer forming part of a laminate interlayer or of another laminate interlayer surrounding the periphery of the coated substrate, and in particular between faces F2 and F3 in the first construction i) or between faces F5 and F6 in the second construction j).

[0094] The thickness Ea of the intermediate frame layer can be similar to Ef, for example Ef±50μm or even ±25μm or even larger, for example if the lower intermediate layer with thickness E' is a short (same size as the film) edge relative to the edge with the transparent film, then Ea=Ef+E'±50μm or even ±25μm.

[0095] The frame sandwich is in contact with the upper sandwich or the additional sandwich or another upper sandwich, and optionally with the lower sandwich or another lower sandwich.

[0096] Preferably the same material (especially PVB) is chosen for the optional upper interlayer or additional interlayer and the lower interlayer.

[0097] The light source on the passenger compartment side (or each light source, if there are multiple light sources) can be associated with a light redirecting element, in particular a prismatic element (reflector or transparent body). The frame sandwich above the (each) light redirecting element (in particular a prismatic reflective element) can be tinted or even opaque, in particular black, in order to mask any stray light.

[0098] The frame layer may be partially opaque (in strips) or opaque over the entire periphery.

[0099] Furthermore, the laminated glazing top is preferably curved. It thus has one or more bends, wherein one or more radii of curvature are in particular between 10 cm and 40 m. The bends can be strong, in particular highly spherical, i.e., locally have at least one radius of curvature of up to 0.5 m.

[0100] In order to avoid wrinkles and ripples, the coated substrate preferably has a sphericity in the top region with the curvature, which is limited in particular to a radius of curvature of at least 1.5 m.

[0101] The thicker the transparent film, the less likely it is to deform and produce ripples. For example, in the case of a top region with high sphericity, a thickness of at least 100 μm can be selected.

[0102] The coated film (of the substrate) may have a surface area of ​​at least 1 m in length by at least 50 cm in width.

[0103] The coated film (of the substrate), in particular a polymer and even a thermoplastic polymer, in particular PET, can occupy 100% of the transparent glass area.

[0104] The film of the coated substrate, especially a polymer and even a thermoplastic polymer, in particular PET, may occupy at least 80%, 90% and less than 100% of the surface area of ​​the top (in order to be protected (especially at the periphery) by materials, especially by the lamination interlayer).

[0105] The film of the coated substrate, especially the polymer, can have any shape, with curved corners etc. depending on the design of the top.

[0106] The transparent film may be a thermoplastic polymer or a cross-linked polymer, in particular:

[0107] - Polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN),

[0108] - Polycarbonate (PC),

[0109] - polyacrylates, in particular thermoplastic polyacrylates, polybutyl acrylate, polymethacrylate PMMA,

[0110] - Polyurethane (PU), in cross-linked materials,

[0111] - triacetyl cellulose (TAC),

[0112] -Polyolefins: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE),

[0113] - Polyimide, polyamide, PET-PMMA films (coextruded),

[0114] -Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

[0115] PET (readily available) or PEN are preferred, polyacrylate films, or PC (preferably with a PVB interlayer containing no plasticizer or a small amount of plasticizer) or PMMA.

[0116] The transparent film, in particular a polymer and even a PET film, preferably has a thickness Ef of at least 30 μm and / or preferably less than 200 μm, in particular at most 100 μm.

[0117] In the case of polymer (PC or PMMA) films, it is preferred (for better chemical compatibility) to avoid PVB as the interlayer in contact therewith (lower interlayer, additional interlayer or upper interlayer or even frame interlayer), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is preferred, for example. The same applies to the second or third polymer sheet (PC or PMMA).

[0118] The lower (clear) and / or upper (clear or pigmented) intermediate layer, preferably in sheet form, is a thermoplastic or cross-linked adhesive material, preferably selected from polymers based on: polyvinyl butyral, known as PVB, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, known as EVA (thermoplastic or cross-linked), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or ionomers. Examples of monomer resins are marketed by Kuraray Company under the registered trademark The lower interlayer (clear) and / or the upper interlayer (clear or pigmented) made of a cross-linked adhesive material are, for example, polyacrylate sheets.

[0119] The middle layer (preferably the upper middle layer) may be made of UV resistant PVB, such as that from Eastman named RU41, for example for protecting electroactive layers (electrochromic, etc.) or any organic inks or coatings.

[0120] The laminate interlayer (lower, upper, or one of the additional interlayers) can be acoustic and can in particular comprise acoustic PVB (three-layer, four-layer, etc.) or consist of acoustic PVB. Thus, the laminate interlayer can comprise at least one layer made of a viscoelastic plastic with vibroacoustic damping properties, referred to as the "core" layer, in particular based on polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer, and further comprising two outer layers made of standard PVB, with the core layer positioned between the two outer layers. Mention may be made of the acoustic PVB described in patent applications WO 2012 / 025685 and WO 2013 / 175101, in particular the pigmented acoustic PVB described in WO 2015079159.

[0121] The upper intermediate layer may be pigmented, in particular having a light transmittance (called TL) of at most 73%, in particular pigmented PVB.

[0122] The additional intermediate layer between the lower (pure) and upper interlayers can be pigmented, in particular with a TL of up to 73%, particularly pigmented, or even with a TL of at least 13% (eg for integration of functional films, electronic control devices described in detail below).

[0123] The lower (pure) intermediate layer can in particular have a TL of at least 90% and better still at least 95% or 97%.

[0124] The lower interlayer (particularly PVB or even a cross-linked polymeric binder material) can be of the same size as the coated substrate (a frame layer is optionally required, depending on the thickness of the coated substrate, particularly 100 μm to 200 μm) or larger. The upper interlayer or additional interlayer or frame interlayer can creep to protect the edges of the coated substrate.

[0125] The frame interlayer, preferably thermoplastic and even based on PVB (with or without plasticizer), can be one or more sheets, depending on the desired thickness and / or coloring (clear and / or colored or even opaque sheets).

[0126] The colored interlayer, which is completely or partially in the clear glass area, is preferably gray.

[0127] The colored frame interlayer outside the clear glass area can be gray, black (opaque or almost opaque), preferably thermoplastic and even based on PVB (with or without plasticizer), especially the frame layer.

[0128] For the lamination interlayer (respectively, the further lamination interlayer), an "all-PVB" solution in sheet form can be provided, or a solution with PVB, in addition to a lower intermediate layer made of a film or coating of a cross-linked adhesive material from a cross-linkable viscous liquid resin, in particular when the second sheet is made of glass (respectively, the third glass sheet) or a polymer (PC, PMMA), in particular with a refractive index n3 (or n'3) greater than 1.42.

[0129] For the lower intermediate layer, mention may be made, as crosslinkable viscous liquid resin (called LOCA), of acrylate-based adhesive resins, such as in particular the product named UZ181A from AK ChemTeck (refractive index 1.47).

[0130] In another example of a lower intermediate layer in the form of a crosslinked polymeric binder coating, a UV-crosslinkable resin based on mercaptoester was deposited: the product NOA 65 from Norland, which has a refractive index equal to 1.524.

[0131] In another example of a crosslinked polymeric adhesive layer in the form of a crosslinked polymeric adhesive coating, a one-component UV-crosslinkable resin based on polyfluorene with acrylate functionality was deposited: the product known as Shin-A SBPF-022, which has a refractive index equal to 1.60.

[0132] The lower intermediate layer may comprise or even be a cross-linked polymer film, which is in particular at least 30 μm or 40 μm or 50 μm.

[0133] In particular, the lower interlayer is a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) that bonds by contact upon application of mechanical pressure.

[0134] In particular, the lower intermediate layer made of a crosslinked polymer is a crosslinked polymer film, in particular of at least 30 μm, which is preferably in adhesive contact with the third face F3 and most particularly:

[0135] - a pressure-sensitive film, and preferably chosen from polymers based on acrylates or silicones,

[0136] or polymeric “post-adhesive” films which are partially photocrosslinked before assembly and (in the case of continuous photocrosslinking) photocrosslinked after assembly, and preferably so-called acrylate post-adhesive films.

[0137] As PSA film based on acrylate, mention may be made of the product CS986 from Nitto (refractive index 1.49).

[0138] In the first configuration i), the lower laminating intermediate layer is in particular a pure, in particular thermoplastic and / or cross-linked adhesive material, preferably selected from: EVA, TPU, PVB containing at least 20% by weight of plasticizer (preferably having a thickness of at least 200 μm and at most 1 mm), PVB containing less than 20% by weight of plasticizer or no plasticizer (preferably having a thickness of at most 100 μm and in particular having a thickness of at least 25 μm), and the second sheet is made of ultra-white glass or PMMA or polycarbonate (PC).

[0139] In the second configuration j), the further lower intermediate layer is in particular pure and thermoplastic, selected from: EVA, TPU, PVB containing plasticizers with a thickness of up to 380 μm, PVB with almost no plasticizers or no plasticizers with a thickness of up to 100 μm or 50 μm and even at least 20 μm, and the third sheet is made of ultra-white inorganic glass or PMMA or PC.

[0140] The laminated glazing top according to the invention may comprise one of the following sequences (strict or open):

[0141] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, infrared (IR) reflective coating, etc. on face F2) / thermoplastic upper interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / coated substrate / thermoplastic lower (clear) interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second glass sheet (extra white);

[0142] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, IR reflective coating on face F2) / thermoplastic upper intermediate layer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / coated substrate / thermoplastic lower (clear) intermediate layer (preferably TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC);

[0143] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, IR-reflective coating on face F2) / thermoplastic upper laminate interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / coated substrate / thermoplastic lower (clear) interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second glass sheet / further laminate interlayer / third glass or polymer sheet;

[0144] - First glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, IR-reflective coating on face F2) / thermoplastic upper interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second glass or polymer sheet (PMMA, PC) / another thermoplastic upper interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / coated substrate / another thermoplastic lower (clear) interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / third glass sheet (ultra-clear).

[0145] For example, preferably:

[0146] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, IR-reflective on face F2) / upper thermoplastic PVB interlayer (clear or tinted) / coated substrate / lower (clear) thermoplastic PVB interlayer or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) with optional functional (scattering) coating on the rear face or face F3 / second glass sheet (ultra-clear);

[0147] - First glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, IR reflective coating on face F2) / thermoplastic PVB upper intermediate layer / coated substrate / thermoplastic lower intermediate layer (preferably TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC);

[0148] - First glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, IR-reflective coating on face F2) / thermoplastic PVB upper interlayer or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA) / second glass sheet / another thermoplastic upper interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / coated substrate / another thermoplastic lower interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / third glass sheet (ultra-clear).

[0149] Of course, the laminated skylight may include a light source optically coupled to a light guide arranged below the optical isolation coating (further away from face F2 than the optical isolation coating), and preferably a light extraction device for extracting the light guided in the light guide, which is on the side of the third face F3 or face F4 in construction i), or on the side of the fifth face F5 or face F6 in the second construction j).

[0150] When the (light) extraction means is a scattering coating (printed ink) on a PVB interlayer or on a coated substrate rather than on the second (or third) glass sheet, it is easier to change the extraction and process the pattern for printing on a flat film than on curved glass. Extraction on a coated substrate or PVB substrate is better than extraction on glass for mechanical strength and, in particular, for holding the glass sheet.

[0151] The (each) light source may be removable, add-on, sold separately or as a kit.

[0152] The extraction means may be temporary (removable sticker) and thus added or replaced, in particular on the side of the fourth face (respectively face F6 ), or may be permanent, in particular on the side of the third face (respectively face F5 ).

[0153] Of course, once the (each) light source and extraction means have been mounted, the second sheet (respectively the third sheet) may be an operable light guide.

[0154] The (each) light source is preferably a group of light emitting diodes (on a printed circuit carrier, such as a PCB (Printed Circuit Board), for example a flexible PCB), in particular a straight or curved strip.

[0155] The diode is preferably a component surface-mounted on the front face of a printed circuit board (PCB) (having conductive tracks). The width (or length) of the diode, which comprises a single semiconductor chip (typically a square diode), is preferably at most 5 mm. The width of the PCB, preferably in strip form, is preferably at most 5 cm, more preferably at most 2 cm, and even at most 1 cm.

[0156] There can be one or more light sources (peripheral light sources, preferably offset from the transparent glazing area), several groups of diodes. The light source or sources can be monochromatic (emitting blue, green, red, etc.) or polychromatic, or adapted or combined to produce, for example, white light; they can be continuous or discontinuous, etc. The light sources can extend linearly along one side of the glazing (the longitudinal edge) (rectangular strips, such as a diode array), or be repeated along both sides (with similar or different light, for example, different color intensities, controlled independently or simultaneously).

[0157] The light extraction means may define at least one first scattering region, for example having a width of at least 0.5 mm, in particular a first solid scattering region and / or comprising a set of discontinuous scattering patterns.

[0158] The top may contain multiple scattering zones of the same or different sizes and / or shapes. The extraction zone may cover part or all of the laminated glazing unit depending on the lighting or desired effect (in the form of a strip arranged on the periphery of one of the faces to form a light frame, logo or design, etc.).

[0159] The scattering area can be a plurality of areas, for example each having the same or different, continuous or discontinuous design, and can be of any geometric shape (rectangular, square, triangular, circular, oval, etc.), and can form patterns, symbols (arrows, letters, etc.).

[0160] In one embodiment, the light extraction device may include an extraction film between the optical isolation coating and the third surface F3 (respectively, the fifth surface F5), preferably on the third surface (respectively, the fifth surface F5) or the fourth surface F4 (respectively, the surface F6) in the first construction i) (respectively, the second construction j)).

[0161] The extraction film may be adhesively bonded to the back face Fb of the coated substrate and may be reflective.

[0162] An example of a film with reflective relief is described in patent WO 2013 / 167832, in particular a plastic film with a refractive index greater than or equal to n1, which has reflective relief (prisms) forming a light extraction on the third face of the roof of a car.

[0163] Polymer films textured by embossing are commercially available and mention may be made of, for example, the films sold by 3M. Image Directing FilmII.

[0164] It is also possible to form relief-bearing inorganic or organic-inorganic silica-based coatings by a sol-gel route.

[0165] The extraction film may comprise a plurality of individual prisms, each prism consisting of an inclined surface and a generally horizontal surface that is substantially perpendicular to the second sheet (respectively, the third sheet).

[0166] An example of a regular relief that may be mentioned is a Fresnel lens type relief or a Fresnel prism type relief.

[0167] The extraction film can have a customizable coverage. It can be localized or cover at least 50%, 60%, or 70% of the clear glass area. The extraction film can have one or more extraction zones that are localized (textured, etc.) or occupy at least 50%, 60%, or 70% of the clear glass area (and / or at least 50%, 60%, or 70% of the surface of the transparent film). The extraction film can be smaller than the underlying interlayer and / or the transparent film.

[0168] The light extraction device can be a frosted area of ​​the second glass sheet (respectively, the third glass sheet) or at least one area etched in the thickness of the second glass sheet (respectively, the third glass sheet), or a scattering element such as glass particles or fibers incorporated into the laminate interlayer or another laminate interlayer.

[0169] In summary, below the optical isolation coating (further away from the face F2 than the isolation coating), the light extraction means for extracting the light guided in the light guide are, for example, of the following form:

[0170] - laser etching in the (inorganic) light guide, in particular the second pane or the third glass pane,

[0171] -Texturing (acid etching of glass, etc.), textured films,

[0172] - or a scattering coating or film, preferably transparent, having a binder and scattering particles, the binder (organic, inorganic or hybrid) being transparent and preferably having a refractive index n5 greater than or equal to n1 or n3 or greater than or equal to n'1 and n'3, in particular at least 1.48.

[0173] The binder may be a transparent ink.

[0174] Preferably, the assembly of the scattering coating and its substrate (second sheet, third sheet, lower interlayer) has a light transmittance of at least 80% and a haze of at most 30%.

[0175] In particular, the top comprises a light extraction device below the optical isolation coating, which light extraction device comprises a scattering coating, preferably transparent, having a binder and scattering particles, the binder preferably having a refractive index n5 greater than or equal to n1 (or even greater than or equal to n3) or greater than or equal to n'1 (or even greater than or equal to n'3), in particular at least 1.48.

[0176] - in a first configuration i), the thermoplastic (PVB) lower intermediate layer or the second sheet is the substrate for the scattering coating (thus on the face F4 or F3, or on the side of the rear face Fb), in particular optionally in contact with the optical barrier coating on the rear face Fb;

[0177] In a second configuration j), the other thermoplastic (PVB) lower intermediate layer or the third sheet is the substrate for the scattering coating (thus on face F5 or F6, or on the side of the rear face Fb), in particular optionally in contact with the optically isolating coating on the rear face Fb.

[0178] For example, the binder of the scattering coating is an organic, in particular a cross-linked polymer chosen from polymers based on polyacrylates, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyesters, polyurethanes, or thermoplastic polymers based on PVB or even TPU.

[0179] The lower intermediate layer can be based on PVB, comprising 70% to 75% by weight of PVB, 25% to 30% by weight of plasticizer, and less than 1% by weight of adjuvant. There are also PVB sheets containing a small amount of plasticizer (less than 10% or 5% by weight of plasticizer) or no plasticizer, such as the "MOWITAL LP BF" film from KURARAY.

[0180] When the substrate of the scattering coating is the lower intermediate layer, a PVB based on no plasticizer or at most 15%, 10% or 5% plasticizer is selected. For example, the thickness of the lower intermediate layer forming the substrate is at most 200 μm.

[0181] Document WO2021005162 contains examples of scattering coatings on polymer layers, in particular lamination interlayers and based on PVB.

[0182] Document WO2023285743 contains examples of scattering coatings on PVB or glass lamination interlayers.

[0183] For example, the binder of the scattering coating is a polyacrylate polymer and the binder of the optical isolating coating is a polyacrylate polymer, particularly a polyacrylate having fluoro functionality and / or having nanoparticles or nanopores with a low refractive index and / or hollows, particularly if the coatings are in contact after lamination.

[0184] Preferably, the scattering particles (dielectric, organic or inorganic, for example metal oxides) have a particle size defined by D90 of less than 2 μm, preferably at least 100 nm and even at most 700 nm, in particular 400 nm±100 nm.

[0185] Preferably, the scattering particles are selected from non-luminescent particles of TiO2, SiO2, CaCO3, ZnO, Al2O3, ZrO2. Preferably, the particles have a (high) refractive index greater than or equal to 1.8 or even 2 (greater than n5, in particular at most 1.8 or 1.7).

[0186] Preferably, for the production of scattering coatings, the UV-curable resin is selected from the reaction products between thiols and olefins (called thiol-enes), acrylates such as epoxy-acrylates, polyester-acrylates, polyurethane-acrylates, silicone-acrylates, alone or as a mixture of several thereof.

[0187] The thickness of the scattering coating is at most 100 μm, preferably at most 50 μm, and in particular at least 5 μm or 10 μm. The minimum value may depend on the deposition method.

[0188] The small thickness enables lower material costs, but the thickness can be varied to change the visibility / brightness tradeoff of the pattern.

[0189] Preferably, the refractive index of any layer according to the invention is defined for a reference value in the range of 550 to 630 nm, preferably 550 to 600 nm. Preferably, the difference n1-n2 or n'1-n2 of the refractive index is verified for the entire visible spectral range of the light source.

[0190] The polymer layer according to the present invention (optical isolation coating, scattering coating, adhesive interlayer, etc.) may contain at least 80 wt.-%, 90 wt.-%, 95 wt.-% or 99 wt.-% polymer and even up to 20 wt.-%, 10 wt.-%, 5 wt.-%, 2 wt.-%, 1 wt.-% additives.

[0191] The cross-linked polymer layer according to the present invention (optical isolation coating, scattering coating, adhesive interlayer) may contain at least 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt% of the main polymer (or base polymer) of the polymer.

[0192] The cross-linked polymer layer according to the invention may comprise other additives (preferably less than 10% or 5% or 1% by weight of the layer), such as at least one of the following:

[0193] - crosslinking agents, such as photoinitiators (residual),

[0194] - plasticizers (for greater flexibility),

[0195] - tackifiers,

[0196] -Durability additives.

[0197] The degree of polymerization or even crosslinking of the crosslinked polymer layer according to the present invention is not necessarily 100%; the material may therefore contain residual prepolymers, monomers, oligomers. The layer can be analyzed using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) after crosslinking to determine the degree of polymerization. Mixtures of polymers may be present.

[0198] In one embodiment, in a first configuration i), the top portion may comprise a light source, preferably a set of light-emitting diodes, optically coupled to a second glass sheet, preferably an inorganic glass sheet, in particular forming a light guide:

[0199] - by a light redirecting element (partially), said light redirecting element being reflective and on the side of the third main face F3, or said light redirecting element being transparent and on the side of the fourth main face F4;

[0200] - through all or part of the second edge face,

[0201] - or through the wall of a (through-thickness, closed) hole (or walls of a plurality of holes) of the second sheet, in particular holes offset from the transparent glass area, facing the inner masking layer.

[0202] In case of injection of light through the second edge face, the light source is coupled to the edge face of the second sheet, optionally in an emerging peripheral recess. The light source may be housed in a polymer package as described in application WO2010049638, in particular in Figure 15 or Figure 16 and even has a recess for removing and replacing the light source.

[0203] In the case of light injection through the inner wall of the aperture, the second sheet (particularly made of inorganic glass) includes at least one peripheral hole (through the thickness or even a blind hole in the thickness, opening at least on the fourth face F4) beneath the inner masking layer (outside the transparent glass area), and the light source is coupled to the wall of the second sheet delimiting the aperture, preferably housed in the aperture. The light source, particularly a diode, may be located in the aperture and may be associated with an optical element (light guide) between the injection wall and the light source in the aperture or inside the passenger compartment. Exemplary embodiments described in WO 2018 / 178591 or WO 2013 / 110885 are particularly noteworthy.

[0204] Alternatively, in a second construction j), the light source (preferably a set of light-emitting diodes) is optically coupled to the third sheet via all or part of a third edge face, referred to as the "injection edge face", optionally with a recess (longitudinal or lateral) to accommodate the light source or preferably the injection edge face, the recess being recessed by at least 10 mm and at most 200 mm from the second edge face, thereby leaving an area "protruding" from the second sheet, the light source being below or even attached to the protruding area.

[0205] In the case of injection of light by offsetting the (each) light source on the side of the passenger compartment (on the side of face F4 or even on face F6 in configuration j)), preferably the or each peripheral light redirecting element (preferably a prism) is:

[0206] - a reflective and third face F3 side, in particular prism, comprising a reflective prism in particular facing the third face F3 or facing the second face F2;

[0207] or transparent on the fourth main face F4 , in particular comprising macroribs or transparent prisms, preferably prisms facing the passenger compartment.

[0208] (Each) light source is now facing the fourth main face F4 (or F6 in configuration j)) or offset from the fourth main face F4 (or F6 in configuration j), in particular directly optically coupled or via an optical system, in particular a light source and a light redirecting element offset from the transparent glass area, facing the inner masking layer.

[0209] An optical element (collimator, etc.) may be positioned between the (each) light source and the fourth face F4 (or F6 in configuration j), in particular, an optical element attached to the fourth face F4 (or F6 in configuration j). The light source may be attached to the fourth face F4 (or F6 in configuration j). The main direction of the light source radiation may be adjusted (before or after collimation).

[0210] In particular, the skylight comprises, in a first configuration i) (respectively, configuration j)), a light source, preferably a set of light-emitting diodes, on the fourth face F4 (respectively, on the side of face F6), and a light redirecting element (local, peripheral), preferably a reflective prismatic element, on the side of the third face F3 (respectively, on the side of face F5), comprising a reflective prism, in particular facing the third face F3 or the second face F2 (respectively, facing face F5 or facing face F6), or preferably a transparent prismatic element on the side of the fourth main face F4 (respectively, face F6). The redirected light propagates between the fourth face F4 and the optical isolation coating.

[0211] The light redirecting element on the side of the third face F3 (in the first configuration i)) is in particular in contact with the lamination interlayer, in particular the reflecting prismatic polymer film.

[0212] Preferably, in order not to generate stray light that escapes towards the second face F2 and scatters (inner edges), the peripheral light redirecting elements, in particular prismatic elements and even reflective or transparent prismatic polymer films, should:

[0213] - at least partially facing said optical barrier coating,

[0214] - or at most 4 mm, preferably at most 1 mm, from the optical barrier coating.

[0215] Preferably (in the first configuration i)), the reflective light redirecting element, in particular the reflective prismatic element, is preferably at most 30 μm above the coated face or in the plane of the coated face or closer to the third face F3.

[0216] The base or top of the prisms of the reflective prismatic element, in particular the reflective prismatic film, is preferably at most 30 μm above the coated face or in the plane of the coated face or closer to the third face F3 .

[0217] The reflective light redirecting element may comprise a (textured) prismatic film (having a smooth (non-textured, non-functional) major surface and an opposing textured, functional surface) that is flexible and therefore curved to follow the curvature of the laminated glazing. In particular:

[0218] - Partially structured transparent polymer film forming (micro)prisms - with a reflective coating (metal, silver, aluminum) forming a conformal deposition;

[0219] - or a transparent (flat) polymer film forming the substrate, having on a major surface a transparent layer (polymer) with a (micro)prismatic arrangement and with a reflective coating forming a conformal deposition.

[0220] The (reflective) (micro)prisms face the third face F3 or the second face F2 (in the first configuration i). A reflective coating thus faces the third face F3 or the second face F2.

[0221] The reflective light redirecting element (comprising a textured, in particular polymer, prismatic film or a substrate film, in particular a polymer and a textured prismatic layer, and a reflective coating) can be bonded to the third face F3 directly or via at least one adhesive, or by suction (strong interaction), in particular by pressure retention of the assembly (in the first configuration i)). The reflective light redirecting element is, for example, placed on the third face, and after suctioning air, a suction cup effect is achieved.

[0222] The prisms may have a height of at least 1 μm and preferably at most 100 or 50 μm or 30 μm.

[0223] In particular, the prismatic polymer or microprism substrate (e.g., prismatic organic layer) can be less than 200 μm, 100 μm, 80 μm, or 50 μm, and even at least 30 μm. If the film faces the third face F3 (reflective prisms), the substrate film can be colored and even opaque or cloudy. For example, PET with reflective microprisms is colored and even opaque black.

[0224] Preferably, the prismatic film has a total thickness of at most 500 μm or even 400 μm or 200 μm or 100 μm.

[0225] In particular, the light redirecting element is a reflecting prismatic element comprising a reflecting prism, arranged on the side of the third main face F3, which is:

[0226] - on the third face F3, in particular in contact with the lower intermediate layer or the (pure) intermediate frame layer - in particular if said intermediate layer has the same dimensions as the coated substrate,

[0227] - In laminate interlayers, especially based on PVB:

[0228] - embedded in a lower interlayer, in particular based on PVB (with or without plasticizer), or embedded in a (pure) frame interlayer, in particular based on PVB (with or without plasticizer), on the periphery of the coating film,

[0229] on the lower interlayer, between a lower interlayer, in particular based on PVB (with or without plasticizer), and a clear or pigmented upper interlayer (preferably with plasticizer) or a frame interlayer, in particular based on PVB (with or without plasticizer), on the periphery of a clear, pigmented and even opaque coating film,

[0230] - on the front face Fa, in particular in contact with the upper interlayer or the additional interlayer, or on the back face Fb, in particular in contact with the lower interlayer,

[0231] The reflecting prism is on the second face F2 side or on the third face F3 side.

[0232] Preferably, the redirecting prismatic element (especially comprising a polymer film and prisms) has a width of at most 10 cm or at most 5 cm or even at most 2 cm and better still at least 1 cm (preferably less than the width of the masking layer), and in particular has a length similar to the length of the light source, which is linear (custom-made). It can be, for example, a rectangular strip with curved corners.

[0233] The microprisms (provided with a reflective coating) act in particular as reflecting prisms and reflect the light striking them in a direction that depends on the inclination angle of the prism surfaces and the angle of incidence of the light.

[0234] For example, a prismatic film comprises a transparent thermoplastic (polymer) film, for example based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which transparent prisms are formed from a polyacrylate (e.g., a UV-crosslinked resin). Partially textured layers are preferred. For prismatic reflective films, a metal layer (conformally deposited) such as silver or aluminum is added.

[0235] The transparent prismatic film preferably has a light transmittance of at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and very preferably at least 90%.

[0236] The microprisms have, for example, a triangular cross-section. For example, the prisms are contiguous.

[0237] For example, the total thickness of the reflective prismatic film is at most 500 μm (in particular at least 30 or 50 μm) and even at most the thickness of the underlying intermediate layer and / or the coated film (of the substrate).

[0238] The (each) light source on one side of the fourth face may be associated with a collimating optical element.The light sources with optional collimators may be attached to the fourth face by direct bonding or by being spaced apart and on a peripheral support attached to the fourth face.

[0239] The frame intermediate layer (especially opaque) may cover the light redirecting element (prismatic reflective film).

[0240] The optional inner peripheral masking layer (on face F4) may comprise gaps so as not to block the optical coupling, in particular to allow light rays from the light source to pass towards the in particular prismatic and even reflective light redirecting element.

[0241] Such a redirecting (transparent) film has, for example, a longitudinal shape, in particular curved in the corners, for example over the length of the transparent glass area. Such a redirecting film may have a thickness of at most 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm and in particular at least 50 μm, 100 μm.

[0242] The (each) light source and the or each light redirecting element (especially prismatic and even reflective) can be offset from the transparent glass area, facing the inner masking layer. The redirecting element (especially prismatic redirecting film) and / or the light source are, for example, at most 100 mm and / or preferably at least 10 or 20 mm away from the transparent glass area.

[0243] The edge face of the light redirecting element (especially prismatic and even reflective) may be spaced at least 10 mm and even at least one of the following values: 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm from the edge face of the first (or third) sheet.

[0244] The inner shielding layer is not necessarily opaque enough to not see stray light, the light source being on the side of the fourth face F4. An inner peripheral opaque element may be desired between the second and third faces, in particular between the inner shielding layer (defining the transparent glass area) and the third face, or even to replace the inner shielding layer.

[0245] The internal opaque element masks the light source (the light point of the light source) on the side of the fourth face (F4), or even masks the light redirecting element (especially prismatic and even reflective element, redirecting optical film) facing the light source.

[0246] An inner opaque element having the same or similar colour as the (optional) opaque inner masking layer, in particular black, is preferred.

[0247] The inner opaque element (preferably black and preferably beneath a black inner masking layer) is selected from:

[0248] - Components within the sandwich (black, with black coating, metal components, polymers, etc.)

[0249] - films, in particular polymer films (non-adhesive), in particular pigmented films (thermoplastic films), in particular inserted in the interlayer, which are opaque in nature or have an opaque layer, for example placed or adhesively bonded to the peripheral part of the transparent film;

[0250] - in particular an opaque layer, for example on the peripheral portion of a transparent film (coating the substrate),

[0251] - or an interlayer, in particular a thermoplastic such as PVB (areas of the lower interlayer or additional interlayer or frame interlayer or upper interlayer—outside the transparent glass area—partially opaque or over the entire periphery).

[0252] The internal opaque element may extend upstream of the injection zone (from the outer edge of the light-guiding element, in particular the prismatic element and even the reflective element) to the edge face or at least 1 cm or 5 mm from the edge face of the glazing.

[0253] The inner opaque element may preferably have a light transmittance of less than 5%, more preferably less than 2%, 1% or 0.5% or even zero.

[0254] An example of an opaque PVB containing black pigment is sold by Saflex under the name RB17830000 Vancevaabsolute products.

[0255] The top portion may incorporate one or more functional (non-adhesive) elements above the coated substrate, in particular:

[0256] - electronic devices (more or less) selected from at least one of the following: sensors; electrically controllable devices with variable tint and / or scattering; additional diodes (emitting towards the first or second sheet), in particular localized or extending over almost the entire glazing, in particular facing the transmission area or offset from it; light extraction means between the second face and the optical isolation coating.

[0257] - functional polymer films, for example infrared-reflecting films (solar control, silver stacks, replacing the layer on face F2), and / or heating, for example, polymer substrates with an electrically conductive (transparent) coating, in particular with a thickness of up to 0.4 or 0.2 mm, in particular locally or preferably extending over almost the entire glazing (and over the entire transparent glass area), with the electrically conductive coating being on the face F2 side or on the face F3 side.

[0258] In particular, for functional elements (polymer films, electronic components, etc.) with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm, a peripheral intermediate sheet of the same nature as the two sheets—typically based on PVB (or a heat-crosslinking adhesive, such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive)—surrounds and contacts the edge faces of the functional element and protrudes between and contacts the two sheets. This peripheral intermediate sheet forms part of the laminate interlayer. For functional elements with a thickness of less than or equal to 0.2 mm, the thermoplastic material can sufficiently creep.

[0259] Preferably, for any functional element according to the invention, in particular the polymer film, a thickness of at least 30 or 40 μm or 50 μm is preferred, and preferably at most 400 μm or 300 μm, for ease of handling during assembly.

[0260] In particular, functional elements (polymer films, electronic components) having a thickness of at most 0.2 mm do not require a peripheral intermediate sheet.

[0261] As functional polymer films, for example, transparent PET films coated with a conductive layer, such as XIR from Eastman - coextruded PET-PMMA films, such as SRF type.

[0262] Thus, the top portion may comprise at least one of the following functional elements between the upper interlayer and the lower interlayer, above the optical isolation coating:

[0263] - an electrically controllable device, in particular an electrically controllable device with variable scattering (based on liquid crystals) or variable hue (based on electrochromism), comprising an electroactive layer (liquid crystal or electrochromic layer in a polymer matrix) between a front conductive support on the side of the second face F2 and a rear conductive support on the side of the third face F3;

[0264] - Photovoltaic device; connecting one or more photovoltaic cells (in one or more rows);

[0265] - or functional membrane,

[0266] And preferably, in particular in the first configuration i), the laminate interlayer comprises an additional intermediate layer, the coated substrate is sandwiched between the additional intermediate layer and the lower intermediate layer, and the functional element is sandwiched between the upper intermediate layer and the additional intermediate layer.

[0267] The additional (so-called "short") layers may have the same dimensions as the functional element.

[0268] Frame interlayers, in particular based on PVB (with or without plasticizer), single-layer or multi-layer (sheets), clear or pigmented and even bulky or with opaque inks, can serve as:

[0269] -Functional elements

[0270] - Functional elements and additional layers ("short")

[0271] - Functional element, additional layer ("short") and coated substrate (especially at least 200 μm)

[0272] - Functional element, additional layer ("short"), coated substrate and a (short) laminating interlayer having the same dimensions as the coated substrate.

[0273] Examples of electro-optical functional elements are SPD functional elements (SPD=suspended particle devices), such as those known from EP 0 876 608 B1 and WO 2011 033 313 A1, and PDLC functional elements (PDLC=polymer dispersed liquid crystal), such as those known from DE 10 2008 026 339 A1. There are also electrochromic functional elements, such as those known from EP 3 702 572 A1 or EP 2 917 159 A1.

[0274] As a general rule, the two electrodes are arranged between two carrier films, usually made of PET. Commercially available multilayer films are also covered on both sides with a protective film made of polypropylene or polyethylene, which serves to protect the carrier films from dirt or scratches.

[0275] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the functional element is a PDLC functional element (polymer dispersed liquid crystal). The functional PDLC element contains liquid crystals incorporated into a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied to the PDLC functional element, the liquid crystals are disorderly oriented, which results in strong diffusion of light passing through the active layer (translucency). If a voltage is applied to the functional element, the liquid crystals are oriented in a common direction, and the light transmission through the functional element increases (transparency). However, the liquid crystals can also be arranged in an orderly manner in an unconstrained state, and therefore the liquid crystals are disordered when a voltage is applied. However, other functional elements whose optical properties are based on liquid crystals, such as PNLC (polymer network liquid crystals), can also be used. If, in connection with a functional element as a PDLC functional element, the applied voltage is mentioned, then the AC voltage (the effective value of the AC voltage rather than the instantaneous voltage) is intended to be used for the purposes of the present invention.

[0276] For example, the top portion with the PDLC layer has a haze of at least 80% and better still 85%, 90%, 95% in the scattering state.

[0277] In another preferred embodiment, the functional element is an SPD (suspended particle device) element. The SPD element contains suspended particles. The suspended particles change the optical state of the functional element with respect to light absorption by applying a voltage. The functional SPD element thus has switching states of transparent and opaque optical properties, as well as intermediate steps between transparent and opaque. When referring to an applied voltage in connection with a functional element being an SPD element, an alternating current voltage (the effective value of the AC voltage rather than the instantaneous voltage) is intended for the purposes of the present invention.

[0278] In another preferred embodiment, the functional element is an electrochromic functional element. In this case, the transmission of visible light through the functional element depends on the degree of ion placement. The ions are released, for example, through an ion storage layer and stored in the electrochromic layer. Transmission can be affected by the voltage applied to the functional element, which causes ion migration. Suitable electrochromic layers preferably contain at least tungsten oxide or vanadium oxide. If the functional element is an electrochromic functional element, the control unit is preferably not equipped with an inverter, and a DC voltage is applied to the functional element. A DC / DC converter for reaching a voltage of 1V to 50V and preferably 10V to 42V can be used as part of the control unit as needed.

[0279] The edge face of the functional element (PDLC, EC, solar, functional film) may be spaced at least 10 mm and even at least one of the following values: 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm from the edge face of the first sheet (or third sheet).

[0280] The edge faces of the functional element and the coated substrate may be aligned or spaced apart by up to 10 cm, or 5 cm, or 1 cm.

[0281] The glazing may therefore comprise an internal opaque peripheral masking layer between the second face (particularly F2) and the third face (particularly F3), in particular an enamel (black etc.) on the second face or a coating on the laminate interlayer (upper intermediate layer), for example an opaque coating (based on PVB and with dye) on the main face of PVB on one side of the second or third face.

[0282] The inner masking layer can be 2 mm or 3 mm (less than 5 mm) from the edge face of the glazing, or can even extend to the edge face. The masking layer can be a strip around the glazing (windscreen, roof, etc.), in particular black. Opacification is achieved over the entire periphery to hide body elements or seals or to protect adhesives for mounting on a vehicle. The inner masking layer is in particular in contact with the second main surface. The inner masking layer in particular defines the transparent glass area. It may be advantageous that the outer edges of the optical isolation coating or, more generally, any adhesive layer of the laminated interlayer are masked by the inner masking layer, but not in the transparent glass area. It may be advantageous that the outer edges and even the inner edges of the frame layer are masked by the inner masking layer, but not in the transparent glass area, the frame layer being below the inner masking layer.

[0283] The width of the inner masking layer along the sides of the roof of the mobile vehicle is typically less than at the front or even the rear.

[0284] In particular, another masking layer, referred to as the inner masking layer, may be on the face F4 on the passenger compartment side, in particular facing the inner masking layer (and may even be of the same nature, for example an enamel, in particular a black enamel, on a second sheet made of mineral glass). This may be adjacent to an optional transparent functional coating, in particular a non-thermally transparent functional coating, at least in the transparent glass area.

[0285] In particular, for motor vehicle roofs (the first sheet is the outer glazing):

[0286] The width of the inner (and even the inside) screening layer along the longitudinal edges may be at most 30 cm, in particular 10-20 cm;

[0287] The inner (and even medial) masking layer may have a width along the rear lateral edge of at most 40 cm or 30 cm, in particular at least 1 or 5 cm, and a width along the front lateral edge of at most 60 cm or 40 cm, in particular at least 1 or 5 cm.

[0288] The width of the inner masking layer is preferably greater than the width of the inner masking layer. The inner masking layer is in particular congruent or has a width that is smaller than the width of the inner masking layer.

[0289] The inner and / or inside masking layer may be an organic or inorganic binder (frit) with an organic or inorganic colorant, in particular a molecular dye or an inorganic pigment.

[0290] The inner and / or inside opaque masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (flattened, with solid edges or gradient edges (pattern set)).

[0291] Thus, the laminated glass top may comprise at least one of the following functional elements:

[0292] an internal opaque peripheral masking layer, between the second face F2 and the third face F3 and even covering the optical isolation coating and even the periphery of the coated substrate, in particular in contact with the second main face F2, defining a transparent glass area;

[0293] - an inner opaque peripheral masking layer on the fourth main face F4 or face F6, in particular congruent or having a width smaller than that of the inner masking layer;

[0294] an internal opaque peripheral element between the second face F2 and the third face F3 (and even between the internal masking layer and the third face F3), serving in particular to mask the light source and the light redirecting element;

[0295] an internal conductive coating, in particular a coating reflecting infrared radiation (solar control), such as a multilayer with one or more silver layers, on the face F2 on the first transparent sheet or on an additional film, in particular a polymer film;

[0296] - an external conductive coating, in particular an infrared-reflecting coating (low-E), such as a multilayer comprising a layer of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO, in particular based on indium tin oxide ITO), on face F4 of the second sheet of inorganic glass in the first configuration i) or on face F6 of the second sheet of inorganic glass in the second configuration j).

[0297] The laminated glazing according to the invention may also comprise, on face F2 or on a transparent polymer film (PET, etc.) between two intermediate layers, a layer reflecting or absorbing infrared radiation, in particular a thin-film multilayer comprising at least one metal layer, such as silver (and even 2 or 3 or 4), the or each silver layer being arranged between dielectric layers on face F2 or containing ITO for faces F4 or F6.

[0298] As stacks containing ITO for face F4 or F6 , mention may be made of those described in patent US 2015 / 0146286, in particular in Examples 1 to 3, on face F4 .

[0299] Infrared-reflecting coatings are also known from patent application WO 2018 / 206236 and in particular:

[0300] - a dielectric coating comprising a dielectric layer, such as a silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide layer,

[0301] - functional layers based on transparent conductive oxides (TCO), such as layers based on indium tin oxide (ITO),

[0302] - a dielectric coating comprising a dielectric layer, such as a layer of silicon nitride and silicon oxide.

[0303] The first and second sheets (and optionally the third sheet) may in particular have substantially the same shape and size, for example generally rectangular or quadrilateral (non-parallel longitudinal edges), optionally with curved corners.

[0304] The first pane may be larger than the second pane and thus protrude from the second pane over at least a portion of its periphery (on one side or on adjacent or opposite sides), whereby optionally, in particular on one edge or several (longitudinal and / or lateral) edges or over the entire periphery, the smaller second pane (on the passenger compartment side) has an edge face that is recessed from the edge face of the first glass pane, in particular by at most 10 or 5 cm, which is particularly useful when the second pane is optically coupled to a light source via its peripheral edge face.

[0305] Alternatively or in combination, the second pane may be larger than the third pane and thus protrude from the third pane over at least a portion of its periphery (on one side or on adjacent or opposite sides), whereby optionally, in particular on one edge or several (longitudinal and / or lateral) edges or over the entire periphery, the smaller third pane (on the passenger compartment side) has an edge face that is recessed from the edge face of the second glass pane, in particular by at most 10 or 5 cm, which is particularly useful when the third pane is optically coupled to a light source via its peripheral edge.

[0306] The thickness of one or more layers between the second face F2 and the third face F3 (respectively, between F4 and F5) is preferably at most 1.1 mm or 0.9 mm, and in particular the thickness of the laminate interlayer (respectively, the further laminate interlayer) is at most 1.1 mm or 0.9 mm, at least in the guide area.

[0307] The thickness between the first face F1 and the fourth face F4 (and between F1 and F6 where appropriate) is preferably at most 9 mm or 7 mm, in particular for road vehicles.

[0308] The first sheet of inorganic glass may be based on silica, on soda-lime, preferably on soda-lime-silica, or even on aluminosilicate, or on borosilicate, and preferably has a total iron oxide weight content (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) of at least 0.4% and preferably at most 1.5%.

[0309] To limit absorption, the second sheet of inorganic glass may be based, in particular, on silica, soda-lime, soda-lime-silica, or aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, and have a total iron oxide content by weight (expressed as Fe2O3) of at most 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300 ppm) and at most 0.015% (150 ppm), and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox of the second glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15.

[0310] The second sheet can be made of a polymer, in particular based on polyurethane (PU), typically having an n1 of about 1.47, based on polycarbonate (PC), typically having an n1 of about 1.59, based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), typically having an n1 of about 1.47, and based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), typically having an n1 of about 1.54.

[0311] The second sheet may be flexible to follow the curvature of the first curved surface or pre-formed sheet.

[0312] The first glass sheet and also the second and / or third glass sheet may be produced by a float process, making it possible to obtain completely flat and smooth sheets, or by a drawing or rolling process.

[0313] As examples of glass, mention may be made of float glass of conventional soda-lime composition (optionally thermally or chemically hardened or tempered), aluminum borosilicate or sodium borosilicate or any other composition.

[0314] In this context, the transmittance is calculated from the transmission spectrum between 380 nm and 780 nm, considering illuminant A and the CIE 1964 standard observer (10°).

[0315] The laminated glazing top according to the invention may comprise one of the following sequences (strict or open):

[0316] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, infrared (IR) reflecting coating, etc. on face F2) / thermoplastic upper interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / functional element (tinted or with variable scattering, functional film, photovoltaic) / additional interlayer (PVB, TPU, EVA) / coated substrate / thermoplastic lower (clear) interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second glass sheet (ultra-clear);

[0317] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating on face F2, IR reflection, etc.) / thermoplastic upper intermediate layer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / functional element (tinted or with variable scattering, functional film, photovoltaic) / additional intermediate layer (PVB, TPU, EVA) / coated substrate / thermoplastic lower (clear) intermediate layer (preferably TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC);

[0318] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating, IR-reflective coating on face F2) / thermoplastic upper laminate interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / functional element (tinted or with variable scattering, functional film, photovoltaic) / additional interlayer (PVB, TPU, EVA) / coated substrate / thermoplastic lower (clear) interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second glass sheet / further laminate interlayer / third glass or polymer sheet;

[0319] - First glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating on face F2, IR reflection) / thermoplastic upper interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / functional element (tinted or with variable scattering, functional film, photovoltaic) / lower interlayer (PVB, TPU, EVA) / second glass or polymer sheet (PMMA, PC) / another thermoplastic upper interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / coated substrate / another thermoplastic lower (clear) interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / third glass sheet (ultra-clear).

[0320] For example, preferably:

[0321] - First glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating on face F2, IR reflection) / thermoplastic PVB upper interlayer (clear or tinted) functional element (tinted or with variable scattering, functional film, photovoltaic) / additional interlayer (PVB) / coated substrate / thermoplastic PVB lower (clear) interlayer or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second glass sheet (ultra-clear);

[0322] - First glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating on face F2, IR reflection) / thermoplastic PVB upper interlayer functional element (tinted or with variable scattering, functional film, photovoltaic) / additional interlayer (PVB) / coated substrate / thermoplastic lower interlayer (preferably TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC);

[0323] - First glass sheet (tinted or clear, with conductive coating on face F2, IR reflection) / thermoplastic PVB upper interlayer or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA) / functional element (tinted or with variable scattering, functional film, photovoltaic) / lower interlayer (PVB, TPU, EVA) / second glass sheet / another thermoplastic upper interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / coated substrate / another thermoplastic lower interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / third glass sheet (ultra-clear).

[0324] The invention also relates to a motor vehicle incorporating an illuminable laminated glass roof, in particular a fixed roof (canopy), as defined above.

[0325] For the motor vehicle roof, a light transmittance of at most 40% or even at most 28% and even at most 8% is selected in the transparent glass area, and with devices with variable tinting, the light transmittance in the tinted state is preferably at least 3% or at most 1%.

[0326] In the present application, road vehicles are understood to mean motor vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles (vans, pick-ups, dispatch vehicles) weighing less than 3.5 tonnes (light utility vehicles), or even trucks or even shuttles, small private or public transport vehicles.

[0327] The transparent glass area is thus the central area.

[0328] Such transparent glass areas typically constitute at least 20%, preferably at least 50% and in particular at least 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% of the total surface area of ​​the glazing, including areas covered by the encapsulation or seal. In other words, the inner opaque masking layer typically covers an area of ​​at most 80%, preferably at most 50% and in particular at most 30% or 20% or 10% or 5% of the total surface area of ​​the glazing.

[0329] The optical density of the opaque layer is preferably at least 2 and even up to 5.

[0330] The laminate interlayer may occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or even 100% of the surface area of ​​the glazing.

[0331] The second face F2 may be a tin face or the opposite face, or the first face F1 may be a tin face.

[0332] The third surface F3 may be a tin surface, or the fourth surface F4 may be a tin surface, the fifth surface F5 may be a tin surface, or the sixth surface F6 may be a tin surface.

[0333] Further details and advantageous features of the invention will become apparent on reading the examples according to the invention shown in the following figures.

[0334] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 100 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a first embodiment. Figure 1a A detail of the reflective prismatic film used to redirect light is shown. Figure 1 'Shows Figure 1 Schematic front view of the top of . Figure 1 ” shows a schematic front view of a variant of the top 100.

[0335] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 200 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a second embodiment.

[0336] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 300 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a third embodiment. Figure 3a A detail of the reflective prismatic film that is then used to redirect the light is shown.

[0337] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 400 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a fourth embodiment. Figure 4a A detail of the reflective prismatic film that is then used to redirect the light is shown.

[0338] Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 500 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a fifth embodiment.

[0339] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 600 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a sixth embodiment.

[0340] Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 700 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a seventh embodiment. Figure 7 'Shows Figure 7 Schematic front view of the glazing.

[0341] Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 800 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in an eighth embodiment.

[0342] Figure 8' shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 800 ' for a motor vehicle according to the invention in a variant of an eighth embodiment.

[0343] Figure 9 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 900 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a ninth embodiment.

[0344] Figure 10 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1000 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a tenth embodiment.

[0345] Figure 10 ' shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1001 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention in an embodiment with a third sheet.

[0346] Figure 10 ” shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1002 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention in an embodiment having a third sheet.

[0347] Figure 11 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1100 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in an eleventh embodiment. Figure 11 'Shows the inserted Figure 11 Schematic cross-sectional view of the top of an electrically controllable device with variable scattering.

[0348] Figure 12 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1200 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a twelfth embodiment.

[0349] Figure 13 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1300 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a thirteenth embodiment.

[0350] Figure 14 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1400 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a fourteenth embodiment.

[0351] Figure 15 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1500 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a fifteenth embodiment.

[0352] Figure 16 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1600 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a sixteenth embodiment.

[0353] Figure 17A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1700 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a seventeenth embodiment.

[0354] Figure 18 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1800 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in an eighteenth embodiment.

[0355] Figure 19 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1900 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a nineteenth embodiment.

[0356] For the sake of clarity, it should be noted that the various elements of the objects shown are not necessarily reproduced to scale.

[0357] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view, here a side cross-sectional view, of a luminous laminate top 100 for a submount according to the invention in a first embodiment with peripheral illumination is shown.

[0358] Figure 1 'Shows Figure 1 Schematic front view of the top of. In particular, for a fixed top (canopy), the width is 85 cm to 1.4 m and the length is 75 cm to 1.65 m.

[0359] In this case, it is a laminated car roof 100 that is rectangular and curved (in one or more directions) and contains:

[0360] a first glass sheet 1 , for example rectangular (for example with dimensions of 1600×1100 mm), of a tinted composition (VENUS VG10 or TSA 4+ glass sold by Saint-Gobain Glass, with a light transmittance or LT of approximately 28%), for example with a thickness equal to 2.1 mm, having a first main face 11 corresponding to face F1, a second main face 12, called face F2, and edges (longitudinal edge faces 10 and 10 ′), face F2 optionally coated with a transparent functional (heating, etc.) coating, or even face F1;

[0361] a second transparent sheet 2, preferably of mineral glass, here having the same shape and dimensions as the first sheet 1, forming the interior glazing on the passenger compartment side, having a third main face 13 or face F3 and a fourth main face 14 or face F4, as well as edges (longitudinal edge faces 20 and 20'), for example a sheet of extra-white soda-lime-silica glass, such as the Diamant glass sold by Saint-Gobain Glass, having a TL of at least 91%, for example a thickness equal to 2.9 mm, with a refractive index n1 of approximately 1.52 at 600 nm, or Optiwhite glass of 1.95 mm, or Sunmax glass of 2.05 mm;

[0362] - between faces F2 and F3, a transparent laminate interlayer 3, having edge faces 30, in this case lateral edge faces, aligned with said longitudinal edge faces 10, 10' or even optionally offset therefrom (i.e. recessed) towards the centre of the glass, comprising here:

[0363] an upper intermediate layer 31 , in particular thermoplastic, here based on PVB (with plasticizer, at least 30% by weight), 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm (in one or two sheets), in adhesive contact with the face F2 , pure or, as a variant, pigmented, for example gray pigmented with 27% TL;

[0364] - A lower intermediate layer 32 of PVB (with plasticizer, at least 30% by weight), pure (as transparent as possible and with as few optical defects as possible), 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm (in one or two sheets), in adhesive contact with the face F3, with a refractive index n3 of approximately 1.48 at 600 nm, for example PVB with 99.9% LT.

[0365] Alternatively, the lower intermediate layer 32 is based on PVB without plasticizer or with a small amount of plasticizer (in particular less than 5% by weight), in particular a MOWITAL film, for example, with a thickness of up to 100 μm.

[0366] Alternatively, the lower intermediate layer 32 is based on a cross-linked polymeric adhesive material, in particular an adhesive polyacrylate film or an adhesive silicone film, in particular having a thickness of at least 30 μm, or it is obtained by depositing an adhesive coating (polyacrylate, etc.) on the third face F3 or on the coated substrate or deposited between the third face F3 and the coated substrate (by filling).

[0367] The laminated skylight 100 comprises an inner screening layer 7 forming a screening frame which delimits a transparent glass area 70 (daylight), in this case a rectangle with straight edges (see Figure 1'). Any local modification of the edge 70 is possible (point-shaped shading, wider areas, etc.). For example, the inner masking layer 7 is:

[0368] - black enamel on face F2;

[0369] - or black ink, on one face of the upper intermediate layer, preferably the face facing the face F2, if the upper intermediate layer 31 is PVB, said black ink is preferably based on PVB containing black pigments;

[0370] - a masking width at the front (on the side of the front side edge 10a) of, for example, 10 to 40 cm;

[0371] - the masking width at the rear (on the side of the rear side edge 10b) is, for example, 5 to 25 cm;

[0372] The mask width on the long sides (longitudinal edges) is, for example, 5 to 20 cm, the width being the same or different for both long sides.

[0373] To optically isolate the lower portion (with light guiding and light extraction) and the tinted, absorptive upper portion, the laminated skylight 100 further comprises an optically isolating coating 5 on one of the front faces Fa 51' (on the face F2 side) or, in a variant, on the rear face Fb 52' (on the face F3 side), here referred to as the coating (or deposition) face of the transparent film 5', preferably a polymer and other than a fluoropolymer. The assembly is referred to as the coated substrate. The coated substrate is sandwiched between the upper and lower intermediate layers 31, 33, extending over and beyond the transparent glass area, with its edge faces 50, 50' below the masking layer 7.

[0374] The coated substrate is recessed from the edge 10, 10', 20, 20' of the sheet 1, 2, in particular by at least 10 mm. The transparent film and even the coated substrate herein have a thickness of less than 200 μm or even at most 100 μm and are protected at the periphery (in particular against creep during lamination) by one or both of the lower and upper intermediate layers 31, 32. If the upper intermediate layer is pure, the interface between the two lower and upper intermediate layers 31, 32 may not be discernible.

[0375] The optical isolation coating 5 is made of a material (preferably a polymer) containing a matrix different from a fluoropolymer, has a sub-millimeter thickness Ei of at least 400 nm and better 500 nm or 800 nm, and the edge face 50 is optionally recessed from the edge face of the film 50 'without compromising the optical isolation function. The optical isolation coating can be directly on the film 5 'or on a transparent functional liner (barrier, etc.).

[0376] The film 5' is transparent, but may be colored.

[0377] The optical barrier coating 5 is transparent, and even as transparent as possible.

[0378] In one configuration, the optical isolation coating comprises a crosslinked polymer matrix having a refractive index n2 of preferably at most 1.42 and even at most 1.35, said matrix preferably being chosen from polymers based on polyacrylates with fluorinated functions, in particular polyurethane acrylates or fluorinated polyurethane acrylates or fluorinated silicone acrylates. The thickness is preferably at most 10 μm or 5 μm or 2 μm and at least 800 nm.

[0379] In one configuration, the optical isolation coating comprises a layer having a refractive index n2 greater than n2 and less than n1. m The matrix, and n2 m Preferably, n2 is at most 1.48 (and n2 is preferably at most 1.42 and even at least 1.35), and contains (nano)pores and / or low-refractive-index and / or porous, hollow (nano)particles having a refractive index less than n1, in particular hollow, having a size of at most 300 nm or even 100 nm, for example hollow silica nanoparticles. The thickness is preferably at most 10 μm or 5 μm and at least 800 nm.

[0380] The matrix is ​​a crosslinked polymer or a thermoplastic polymer, in particular selected from polymers based on polyacrylates, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetates, polyesters, polyurethanes, PVB, or is inorganic, in particular silicon dioxide. Preferably, the polymer matrix is ​​based on polyacrylates, polyurethanes or even polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetates, polyesters.

[0381] Alternatively, the membrane 5 ′ is ultra-thin glass and / or the coating 5 is porous silica.

[0382] To avoid wrinkles or ripples, the coated substrate can preferably have a curvature, a sphericity, in the top region, which is particularly limited to a radius of curvature of at least 1.5 m. For example, the edge face 50 can be sufficiently distant from the edge faces of the sheets 1, 2. For this purpose, the masking width on the sides and / or at the front and rear can be adjusted (increased).

[0383] For example, the transparent film 5 ′ is a transparent PET of less than 200 μm, particularly 100 μm or 75 μm, having a LT of about 90% or more.

[0384] For light functions, the laminated skylight 100 further comprises:

[0385] a light-emitting diode 4 (here with frontal illumination) on a carrier 40 (for example a PCB), which faces the fourth main face 14 (or is offset from the fourth main face 14),

[0386] On the side of the third main face F3 , a local peripheral light redirecting element, such as a reflecting prismatic film 8 .

[0387] For example, the reflective prismatic film is a polymeric prismatic film 8, such as Figure 1a , where:

[0388] a flat portion 81 (for example a PET substrate of at most 100 μm) adhesively bonded or attached by suction to the third face F313 ,

[0389] - and a textured layer (by embossing etc.), partially or fully textured, forming prisms 82, which are rendered reflective by a reflective layer 83 (for example a metallic reflective layer) (by conformal deposition on the prism textured surface).

[0390] Here, the reflecting prism film 8 is adhesively bonded to the third main surface F3 by means of an adhesive 60 ; it can also be held by suction.

[0391] The microprisms, schematically shaped as right triangles in cross-section, can have their vertex angles adjusted to optimize their orientation toward the extraction device. Similarly, the main emission direction of the light source can be adjusted. A collimator can be added between face F4 and the diode.

[0392] For example, the reflective prismatic film comprises, for example, a thermoplastic transparent film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which transparent prisms are formed from polyacrylate (eg, a resin cross-linked by UV), and a metal layer (conformally deposited) forming the reflective prisms.

[0393] In another example, the transparent prismatic film (this time on the fourth face) comprises a thermoplastic transparent film, for example based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which transparent prisms are formed from polyacrylate (e.g., a UV-crosslinked resin). Alternatively, a macro-ribbed pattern is used on face F4.

[0394] The reflecting prismatic film 8 is here in adhesive contact with the lower intermediate layer 32. The film is formed into longitudinal strips, such as light sources 4 of the linear type, along the longitudinal edges of the top, e.g. Figure 1 'shown.

[0395] As a variant, the prismatic films 81 , 82 are monolithic polymer films, for example preformed, and a reflective layer 83 is applied.

[0396] The light from the diode is refracted in the second glass, in the reflective prismatic film 8, and then redirected at a given angle towards the light extraction means 6, here on the third face F3, for example a scattering ink and, if necessary, as transparent as possible, and refracted in the transparent glass area. The light propagates by total internal reflection at face F4 and:

[0397] - for some cases, propagates by total internal reflection at the interface between the lower laminating interlayer 32 and the second sheet, up to the extraction means (via the surface on the side of face F3)

[0398] - and even for other cases, propagates at the interface between the laminating interlayer 32 and the optical barrier coating 5 and reaches the scattering means (via the surface on the side of the face F2).

[0399] Here, the reflective prismatic film 8 is below the optical isolation coating 5, below the coated substrate. As a precaution, in order to prevent stray light from passing through the film and even the masking layer 7, an internal opaque element 7' is added, optionally aligned with the prismatic film 8 (having the same width and not protruding from the inner edge 80' of the film 8), here an opaque (black) ink on the front face 51' of the film 5' or a black PET film adhesively bonded thereto or placed thereon.

[0400] As a variant, downstream of the diodes, on the side of face F4 , microprisms or a transparent prismatic film are chosen.

[0401] The diodes and / or their supports may be integrated with face F4 (by additional components, etc.) As a variant, the diodes are side-emitting diodes.

[0402] Thus, the device can be doubled by adding another light source 4' on its support 40' and another prismatic reflective film 8' along the other longitudinal edge 10', as shown in FIG. Figure 1 Here, the longitudinal edges 10, 10' are not parallel. In particular, it is possible to have a group of diode strips on each side, on supports 40 that are separate from each other or connected to each other. It is also possible to place them on the front edge or the rear edge.

[0403] Here, the extraction means 6 are for example elongated or based on a geometric pattern of points, in particular having a width of at most 10 mm in order to prevent shadowing phenomena.

[0404] For example, the distance between the extraction device 6 and the diode (or the prismatic film 8) is at least 10 mm or 40 mm.

[0405] For example, the extraction device comprises a scattering coating (an array of discontinuous and / or interconnected patterns) in contact with face F3 and covering up to 40% of the transparent glass area, in order to promote adhesion to the second sheet 2. The scattering coating is deposited on face F3 (for example a translucent enamel) or on the main face of the lower PVB layer 32 facing face F3. The scattering coating 6 is polymeric or inorganic and is deposited by a liquid method (by inkjet, screen printing, etc.).

[0406] For example, a scattering coating, for example, having an acrylate matrix, preferably having a refractive index greater than or equal to n1, and having TiO2 particles with a diameter of 100 nm and preferably up to 1 μm or 400 nm, is deposited on face F3 (or even F4). It has a thickness of 10 μm to 100 μm, or even 50 μm. A scattering coating (for example based on PVB with TiO2 particles with a diameter of 100 to 200 nm) is deposited alternately on the face of PVB facing face F3.

[0407] As a variant, a scattering coating (for example based on PVB with TiO2 particles having a diameter of 100 to 200 nm) is deposited on the face of PVB 32 facing face F2 and subsequently in contact with the optical isolation coating (or with the rear face if the optical isolation coating is moved to the front face). For example, the scattering coating (an array of discontinuous and / or interconnected patterns) in contact with the optical isolation coating (or with the rear face if the optical isolation coating is moved to the front face) covers at most 50% of the transparent glass area to promote adhesion of the optical isolation coating (or with the rear face if the optical isolation coating is moved to the front face) to the underlying intermediate layer.

[0408] The luminous glazing 100 can have a plurality of extraction zones 6 , in particular of a given geometric shape (rectangular, square, circular, etc.). Instead of a scattering layer 6 (enamel, ink, screen-printed or inkjet-printed, etc.), this can be a local film, locally placed or adhesively bonded on the third face F3 or even on the fourth face F4 (prismatic film or with a scattering layer or bulk scattering) or between the PVB 32 and the film 5 ′.

[0409] Alternatively, the light source may be one or more primary light sources (diodes, etc.) coupled directly to the light guide along a coupling edge facet, such as an extraction fiber having a light output region.

[0410] Diodes emitting white or colored light can be selected for use in ambient lighting, reading, etc.

[0411] It is possible to provide multiple series of diodes 4 (one edge, two edges, three edges, over the entire circumference), which are independently controlled and even have different colors.

[0412] To make the top:

[0413] - stacking of the different elements 31 , 5 ′ and 5 , 32 on the second glass sheet 2 , followed by lamination;

[0414] - or the different elements 32 , 5 ′ and 5 , 31 are stacked on the first glass sheet 1 and subsequently laminated.

[0415] Figure 2A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 200 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a second embodiment.

[0416] The top 200 is different from the top 100 in that:

[0417] - adding another light source 4' to the support 40' and another reflective prismatic film 8' to the opposite edge (or alternatively, the adjacent edge) and adding an internal opaque element;

[0418] - an internal opaque element 7 ′ on the rear face 52 ′ of the film 5 ′, on the optical barrier coating 5 (or partially removed), for example black ink or black PET (adhesive bonded or placed);

[0419] - the upper intermediate layer 31 is colored, for example gray;

[0420] - an IR-reflecting coating 17 on face F4, forming a low-emissivity layer.

[0421] Furthermore, if the optical isolation coating contains (nano)pores and / or (nano)particles of low refractive index, in particular hollow and / or porous particles, a protective transparent layer 53 (in particular polymeric) having a refractive index greater than n2, a thickness in the sub-millimeter range and even up to 100 μm or even 30 μm is applied on and covers the optical isolation coating 5, in particular for mechanical protection purposes. Here, the protective transparent layer is a protective coating 53 deposited on the optical isolation coating 5. This can be the same matrix as the optical isolation coating 5, without the (nano)pores and / or (nano)particles of low refractive index.

[0422] Optionally, the scattering coating 6 , for example a set of patterns of the same width, is printed not on the side of face F3 or face F4 but on the face of PVB 32 on the side of face F2 , thus being in partial contact with the protective transparent layer 53 .

[0423] Alternatively, the membrane 5 ′ is ultra-thin glass (UTG) and / or the optical isolation coating 5 is porous silica and the protective coating 53 is dense silica, such as coatings 5 ​​, 53 obtained by a sol-gel route.

[0424] The transparent, single-layer or multi-layer infrared-reflecting coating 17 comprises at least one electrically conductive functional layer, such as a transparent conductive oxide, in particular ITO. The infrared-reflecting coating preferably comprises a dielectric sublayer, in particular silicon (oxy)nitride, and preferably comprises a dielectric layer, in particular silicon (oxy)nitride.

[0425] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 300 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a third embodiment. Figure 3a A detail of the reflective prismatic film that is then used to redirect the light is shown.

[0426] The top portion 300 differs from the first top portion 100 in that:

[0427] the outer pane 1 is clear, in particular 2.1 mm Planiclear glass, provided with an IR-reflecting coating (silver stack, forming a solar control) 18, the assembly having an LT of 71.8% (91% without the coating 18), the upper intermediate layer 31 being tinted, or optionally the upper intermediate layer 31 being clear but being a source of light scattering;

[0428] - The prismatic film 8 has moved to the rear face 51 ( Figure 3a Detail view in (Fig. 3) and flipped over, with the reflecting prism (reflective coating) facing face F3;

[0429] - optionally, if necessary, an inner masking layer 71 on the face F414 without interfering with the injection from the light source 4 (optionally with a local reduction in width);

[0430] Optionally, a scattering coating 6 is present here on the face F414 , for example an enamel, or on the PVB 32 and / or on one side of the face F3 or face Fb.

[0431] With this type of flip film construction, the substrate 80 and / or prisms 82 and / or adhesive 60 (on the coating 5 or on the bare face Fb) can be colored and even opaque, and the element 7' can then be more optional. The flip film (preferably with an opaque portion) can be adjacent to the coated substrate (near the inner edge 80' of the edge 50'). The flip film and light source (e.g. Figure 2 shown).

[0432] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 400 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a fourth embodiment. Figure 4a A detail of the reflective prismatic film that is then used to redirect the light is shown.

[0433] The top portion 400 differs from the first top portion 100 in that:

[0434] - an optical barrier coating 5 on the front face 51 ′, then a transparent film (PET etc.) 5 ′ is chosen to be clear,

[0435] - an internal opaque element 7' on the side of the rear face 52' of the film 5', on the optical isolation coating 5 (or partially removed), in the form of a black adhesive 60 for thereby attaching the prismatic film 8 ( Figure 4aDetail view in ) is attached to the coated substrate, still below the inner masking layer 7, outside the transparent glass area 70.

[0436] Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 500 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a fifth embodiment.

[0437] The top portion 500 differs from the first top portion 100 in that:

[0438] the upper intermediate layer 31 is, for example, colored, in particular gray (the glass 1 is colored or clear and even has the layer 18 );

[0439] - Optical barrier coating 5 on the front face 51 ', then the film 5' (polymer, PET) is chosen to be pure and even protected by a protective layer 53 (for example similar to Figure 2 )

[0440] - The reflecting prismatic film 8 is between the upper intermediate layer 31 and the lower intermediate layer 32, in particular in adhesive contact with these layers (although an adhesive, for example a black adhesive, may be added on the side of the face F2).

[0441] In particular omitting the inner opaque element 7 ′, grey PVB 31 may be sufficient.

[0442] The light sources and reflective prismatic films 4', 40, 8' have been doubled.

[0443] The inner edge 80' of each reflecting prismatic film 8, 8' is at most 4 mm, preferably at most 1 mm, from the outer edge (of the edge face 50') of the optical barrier coating and even contacts the edge face 50' of the film 5'.

[0444] Optionally, the scattering coating 6 , for example a set of patterns of the same width, is printed not on the face F3 or face F4 side but on the face of the PVB 32 on the face F2 side, thus being in partial contact with the rear face 52 ′.

[0445] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 600 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a sixth embodiment.

[0446] The top 600 differs from the top 500 in that:

[0447] The outer glass 1 is clear, in particular 2.1 mm Planiclear glass, provided with an IR-reflecting coating (silver stack) 18 , the assembly having an LT of 71.8% (91% without the coating 18 );

[0448] - said prismatic reflective film 8 is in adhesive contact with the upper intermediate layer 31 (but an adhesive, for example a black adhesive, may be added on the side of the face F3), on the front face 51 'of the coated substrate;

[0449] - The protective layer is omitted here, for example, the optical isolation coating 5 is a low refractive index polymer, such as a cross-linked polymer;

[0450] - Low-E coating 17 on face F4.

[0451] Light sources and reflective prismatic films can be replicated.

[0452] Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 700 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a seventh embodiment. Figure 7 'A schematic front view of top 700 is shown.

[0453] Said top portion 700 differs from the first top portion 100 in that the film 5 ′ is 200 μm or more and, in order to compensate for this large thickness, an intermediate frame layer 34 made of PVB (here clear) is added.

[0454] The inner edge 80' of the prismatic film 8 is aligned with the edge face 50 of the coated substrate and even with the optical barrier coating 5. The inner opaque element 7' is between the PVB middle frame layer 34 and the lower middle layer 32, still aligned with the prismatic film 8. This can be black PET or even black ink on PVB 34 or 32.

[0455] Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 800 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in an eighth embodiment.

[0456] The top 800 differs from the top 700 in that:

[0457] - The light source and the reflective prismatic films 4', 40' have been doubled;

[0458] - an optical barrier coating 5 on the front face 51 ′, the film 5 ′ then being chosen to be pure,

[0459] The lower intermediate layer 32 has the same dimensions as the film 5 ′, for example a PVB sheet (optionally with indistinguishable interface with the frame layer 34 ), or a coating of a pressure-sensitive optical adhesive PSA or a pressure-sensitive film PSA, for example a polyacrylate of at least 30 μm.

[0460] Frame layer 34 is therefore thicker and in contact with third face F3 .

[0461] As a variant, the membrane 5 ′ is sufficiently thin, for example less than 200 μm, and the frame layer 34 is removed, and the membrane 5 ′ is protected by the creep of the upper intermediate layer 31 .

[0462] Alternatively, it is possible to have a reversible film as already described or a transparent macro-ribbed or prismatic film (polygonal prism) on the side of face F4.

[0463] Figure 8 ' shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 800 ' for a motor vehicle according to the invention in a variant of an eighth embodiment.

[0464] The top portion 800' differs from the aforementioned top portion 800 in that:

[0465] - an optical barrier coating 5 on the rear face 52' and the PET 5' is clear or pigmented;

[0466] - the light source and prismatic films 4, 4', 40, 40' have optionally been moved closer to the edge below the frame layer 34;

[0467] - Thus, the opaque element 7 ′ is moved;

[0468] - Low-emissivity layer 17 on surface F4.

[0469] As a variant, the membrane 5 ′ is sufficiently thin, for example less than 200 μm, the frame layer 34 is removed, and the membrane 5 ′ is protected by the creep of the upper intermediate layer 31 .

[0470] Figure 9 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 900 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a ninth embodiment.

[0471] The top portion 900 differs from the seventh top portion 700 in that:

[0472] Here, the PVB intermediate frame layer 34 is opaque (black) and has a LT of at most 5% or even 0%, forming an inner opaque element;

[0473] - optionally, a mobile prismatic reflective film 8 here, embedded in the lower intermediate layer 31,

[0474] Optionally, the outer glass 1 is clear, in particular 2.1 mm Planiclear glass, with an IR reflecting coating (silver stack) 18, the assembly having a LT of 71.8% (91% without coating 18), for example the layer 31 is tinted.

[0475] Optionally, the scattering coating 6 , for example a set of patterns of the same width, is printed not on the side of the face F3 or the face F4 but on the face of the PVB 32 on the side of the face F2 , thus being in partial contact with the optical isolation coating 5 .

[0476] Figure 10 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1000 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a tenth embodiment.

[0477] The top 1000 differs from the first top 100 in that light is injected through the edge face 20 of the second sheet (eliminating the reflective prismatic film and internal opaque elements).

[0478] Preferably, the second sheet 2 is recessed from the first sheet 1 to accommodate the light source 4 , here for example with side emission.

[0479] The diode 4 extends along the longitudinal coupling edge 20 of the second glass sheet 2. A PCB carrier 40 is attached to the edge 20, for example by means of an adhesive (or double-sided tape).

[0480] As a variant, the light source 4 is housed in a hole in the second sheet 2 .

[0481] Figure 10 ' shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1001 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention in an embodiment with a third sheet, showing a second configuration j).

[0482] The top 1001 differs from the first top 100 in that it comprises a third sheet 2' made of inorganic glass or polymer sheet (PC, PMMA), having a fifth main surface F515, a sixth main surface F616 and a third edge surface 20', and having a refractive index n'1 of preferably at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular 1.5 to 1.53, and the third sheet is bonded to the second sheet via another laminated interlayer 3', 31', 32', and the other laminated interlayer 3', 31', 32' comprises another upper intermediate layer 31' and another lower intermediate layer 32' that is in contact with the fifth surface F5 and has a refractive index n'3 in the visible light range.

[0483] The coated substrate 5 ′, 5 is then moved between another upper and lower intermediate layer 31 ′, 32 ′ of said further lamination interlayer, for example made of PVB or TPU or a cross-linked material, in particular cross-linked EVA.

[0484] In this case, n2 is smaller than n′1, and the difference in refractive index n′1-n2 is at least 0.06 in the visible light range.

[0485] The light is injected through the longitudinal (or transverse, as a variant) edge face 21 ′ of the third sheet (eliminating the reflective prismatic film and the internal opaque elements), which is recessed from the second sheet 2 ′, for example by at least 1 cm to accommodate the diode (here with top or front emission) 4 plus the support 40.

[0486] A light source 4' on its support 40' has been added to the opposite longitudinal edge, and the third sheet is now preferably also recessed from the second sheet.

[0487] As a variant, each light source 4 is housed in a hole in the third sheet.

[0488] Figure 10 ” shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1002 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention in an embodiment having a third sheet.

[0489] The top portion 1002 differs from the top portion 1001 in that:

[0490] - diode 4' is a side-emitting diode;

[0491] The outer glass 1 is clear, in particular 2.1 mm Planiclear glass, provided with an IR-reflecting coating (silver stack) 18 , the assembly having an LT of 71.8% (91% without the coating 18 );

[0492] - the upper intermediate layer 31 is colored, gray, in particular gray PVB;

[0493] - said optical barrier coating 5 on the front face 51 ', the film 5' then being chosen to be pure and even protected by a protective layer 53 (e.g. similar to Figure 2 The protective layer) protection;

[0494] - IR reflective coating 17 on the sixth face F616;

[0495] Since the film is at least 200 μm, it is preferred to add an intermediate frame layer 34 ′ between the layers 31 ′ and 32 ′.

[0496] As a variant, each light source 4 is housed in a hole in the third sheet.

[0497] Figure 11 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1100 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in an eleventh embodiment. Figure 11 ' shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrically controllable device with variable scattering inserted in a top portion 1100.

[0498] Said top portion 1100 differs from the first top portion 100 in that it comprises an electrically controllable device 9 (here with variable scattering), preferably coloured, grey, in particular PVB, between the upper intermediate layer 31 and the additional intermediate layer 33 .

[0499] Since the thickness of the device is 0.4 mm, an intermediate frame layer 35 with a thickness of 0.38 mm is added, which is made of clear or colored PVB. The edge of the device 9 is below the inner masking layer 7.

[0500] For example, having a top portion of the device in a scattering state has a haze of at least 80%.

[0501] The coated substrates 5 ′, 5 are now in adhesive contact with the additional intermediate layer 33 and the lower intermediate layer 32 .

[0502] The outer glass 1 is clear, in particular 2.1 mm Planiclear glass, with an IR reflecting coating (silver stack) 18 , the assembly having a LT of 71.8% (91% without the coating 18 ).

[0503] Preferably, an IR reflecting coating 17 is on face F4.

[0504] like Figure 11 'As shown, the variable scattering device 9 includes:

[0505] a first support 91 (for example 125 μm PET) having a first conductive coating 92 (for example ITO) on the second face F2,

[0506] - an electroactive layer 93 based on liquid crystals in a polymer matrix (PDLC),

[0507] A second support 91 ′ (for example 125 μm PET) having a second electrically conductive coating 92 ′ (for example ITO) on the third face F3 .

[0508] The peripheral conductive coating 92, 92' is not covered by the electroactive layer 93 and rests on the current supply strip 90 for power supply. In particular, the supports 91, 91' protrude on two opposite sides.

[0509] For the purpose of protecting the layer 93, a chemical protection means 94 (barrier to the optional plasticizer in the PVB) may be provided, for example a PET polymer strip bonded or contacted by adhesive.

[0510] As a variant, the device is replaced by an electrochromic device or even a functional PET film (pigmented, etc.).

[0511] Of course, all configurations for the position and arrangement of the reflective or transparent prismatic films or for the giant ribs on face F4 already described in the previous figures can be used, in particular (each) inverted reflective prismatic film (underneath or adjacent to the coated substrate).

[0512] Figure 12 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1200 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a twelfth embodiment.

[0513] The top portion 1200 differs from the top portion 1100 in that:

[0514] - the outer pane 1 is tinted, the upper intermediate layer 31 is optionally clear;

[0515] - Optical barrier coating 5 on the front face 51 ', the film 5' then being chosen to be pure and even protected by a protective layer 53 (e.g. similar to Figure 2 The protective layer) protection;

[0516] - A light source 4' is added on its support 40', and another reflecting prismatic film 8'.

[0517] The reflective prismatic film is adhesively bonded to the coated substrate, such as Figure 3 Like in.

[0518] Preferably, an IR reflecting coating 17 is on face F4.

[0519] Optionally, the scattering coating 6 , for example a set of patterns of the same width, is printed not on the side of face F3 or face F4 but on the face of PVB 32 on the side of face F2 , thus being in partial contact with said rear face 52 ′.

[0520] As a variant, the device 9 is replaced by an electrochromic device or a coloured functional PET film, or has a conductive coating (in particular a solar control coating).

[0521] As a variant, the additional layer 33 has the dimensions of the component 9 and the coated substrate 5 , 5 ′ and thus adds an intermediate frame layer.

[0522] Depending on its thickness from the upper intermediate layer to face F3 , a single intermediate frame layer may be used.

[0523] Figure 13 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1300 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a thirteenth embodiment.

[0524] The top portion 1300 is different from the eleventh top portion 1100 in that:

[0525] - an optical barrier coating 5 on the front face 51 ′, the film 5 ′ then being chosen to be pure,

[0526] The prismatic film is on the front face 51 ′, in adhesive contact with the additional layer 33 .

[0527] Figure 14 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1400 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a fourteenth embodiment.

[0528] The top portion 1400 differs from the eleventh top portion 1100 in that light is injected through the edge face 20 of the second sheet (eliminating the reflective prismatic film and the internal opaque element).

[0529] Preferably, as a variant, the second sheet 2 is recessed from the first sheet 1 to accommodate the light source 4 , here for example with side emission.

[0530] The diode 4 extends along the longitudinal coupling edge 20 of the second glass sheet 2. A PCB carrier 40 is attached to the edge 20, for example by means of an adhesive (or double-sided tape).

[0531] As a variant, the light source 4 is housed in a hole in the second sheet 2 .

[0532] Figure 15 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1500 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a fifteenth embodiment.

[0533] The top portion 1500 is different from the eleventh top portion 1100 in that:

[0534] - the frame layer 34 is opaque, black, forming the inner opaque element;

[0535] - the optical isolation coating 5 is protected by a protective layer 53,

[0536] - The inner edge 80 ′ of the prismatic film 8 (on the face F3 ) is below the edge face 50 ′ of the film 5 ′.

[0537] Figure 16 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1600 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a sixteenth embodiment.

[0538] The top portion 1600 is different from the eleventh top portion 1100 in that:

[0539] - an optical isolation coating 5 on the front face 51 ′, in contact with the additional layer 33 ;

[0540] - the film 5 is thick, adding a clear, pigmented or even opaque intermediate frame layer 34;

[0541] - Adding a light source 4' and a reflective prismatic film 8' on the opposite edge side.

[0542] The reflective prismatic film is between the lower intermediate layer 32 and the frame layer 34 .

[0543] Optionally, the scattering coating 6 , for example a set of patterns of the same width, is printed not on the side of the face F3 or the side of the face F4 , but on the face of the PVB 32 on the side of the face F2 .

[0544] Optionally, if desired, an inner masking layer 71 is present on face F616 without interfering with the injection from the light source 4 (optionally with a local reduction in width).

[0545] Figure 17 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1700 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a seventeenth embodiment.

[0546] This top 1700 differs from the eleventh top 1100 in that it comprises a third sheet 2' made of inorganic glass or polymer sheet (), having a fifth main face F515, a sixth main face F616 and a third edge face 20', with a refractive index n'1 of preferably at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular 1.5 to 1.53, said third sheet being bonded to the second sheet via another laminated interlayer 3', 31', 32', said another laminated interlayer comprising another upper intermediate layer 31' and another lower intermediate layer 32' in contact with the fifth face F5 and having a refractive index n'3 in the visible light range.

[0547] The coated substrate 5 ′, 5 is then moved between another upper and lower intermediate layer 31 ′, 32 ′ of said further lamination interlayer, for example made of PVB or TPU or a cross-linked material, in particular cross-linked EVA.

[0548] In this case, n2 is smaller than n′1, and the difference in refractive index n′1-n2 is at least 0.06 in the visible light range.

[0549] The light is injected through the longitudinal (or transverse, as a variant) edge face 21 ′ of the third sheet (eliminating the reflective prismatic film and the internal opaque elements), which is recessed from the second sheet 2 ′, for example by at least 1 cm to accommodate the diode (here with top or front emission) 4 plus the support 40.

[0550] The optical isolation coating 5 is on the front face 51 ′, in contact with the additional layer 33 .

[0551] As a variant, the light source 4 is housed in a hole in the third sheet.

[0552] The extraction device 6 is on face F6.

[0553] Figure 18 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1800 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in an eighteenth embodiment.

[0554] The top portion 1800 differs from the top portion 1700 in that:

[0555] - a light source 4 ′ added to its support 40 ′, said light source being coupled to the opposite longitudinal edge, and the third sheet 2 ′ being preferably also recessed from the second sheet 2 ;

[0556] - preferably, an IR-reflecting coating 17 on face F6;

[0557] - Extraction means 6 on face F5.

[0558] Figure 19 A schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated skylight 1900 for a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown in a nineteenth embodiment.

[0559] This top portion 1900 differs from the eleventh top portion 1100 in that the device is replaced by a photovoltaic device 9 ′ having one or more solar cells.

[0560] Preferably, the upper intermediate layer 31 is clear, such as PVB, and the outer pane 1 is clear.

[0561] Of course, all configurations for the position and arrangement of the reflective or transparent prismatic films or for the giant ribs on face F4 already described in the previous figures can be used, in particular (each) inverted reflective prismatic film (underneath or adjacent to the coated substrate).

Claims

1. An illuminable laminated skylight (100 to 1900) for a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, comprising: - A laminated glazing unit, preferably curved and transparent, comprising: a first transparent sheet (1) of inorganic glass having a first main face F1 (11), an opposite second main face F2 (12) and a first edge face (10), intended to form the outer glass, a polymer laminate interlayer (3, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35) comprising an upper intermediate layer (31) in adhesive contact with the second face F2 or with the functional transparent coating on face F2, a second transparent sheet (2) made of inorganic glass or polymer, having a third main face F3 (13), an opposite fourth main face F4 (14) and a second edge face (20), and the top portion comprises a transparent optical isolation layer (5) having a refractive index n2 in the visible light range, the optical isolation layer having a sub-millimeter thickness Ei of at least 400 nm, It is characterized in that it comprises a coated substrate, the coated substrate comprising: a transparent film (5') made of a material other than a fluoropolymer, preferably a polymer, having a front main face Fa (51') facing the face F2 and an opposite rear main face Fb (52'), with a thickness Ef of the sub-millimeter order, - an optical isolation layer, which is an optical isolation coating (5), made of a material comprising a matrix different from a fluoropolymer, on one of the front face Fa or the back face Fb, called the coating face, and the edge face (50), And it is characterized by: - in a first configuration i), the first sheet (1) and / or the upper intermediate layer (31) are pigmented, the second sheet has a refractive index n1, the coated substrate is laminated between said second face F2 and the third face F3 and between the upper intermediate layer and the lower intermediate layer (32) having a refractive index n3 in the visible range, in adhesive contact with the third face F3 or with the functional transparent coating on face F3, n2 being less than n1, and the difference in refractive index n1-n2 in the visible range being at least 0.06; - or in a second configuration j), the top portion comprises a third sheet (2') made of inorganic glass or a polymer sheet, having a fifth main face F5 (15), a sixth main face F6 (16) and a third edge face (20'), with a refractive index n'1 preferably of at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53, said third sheet being bonded to the second sheet via a further lamination interlayer (31', 32'), said further lamination interlayer comprising a further upper intermediate layer (31') and a further lower intermediate layer (32') in contact with the fifth main face F5 and having a refractive index n'3 in the visible range, said coated substrate (5', 5) being between the further upper and lower intermediate layers (31', 32') of said further lamination interlayer, At least one element selected from the group consisting of the first sheet, the intermediate layer (31) of the laminate interlayer, the second sheet (2), the further upper intermediate layer (31') is colored, n2 is smaller than n'1, and the difference in refractive index n'1-n2 in the visible light range is at least 0.

06.

2. The illuminable laminated glazing carrier top (100 to 1900) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that The difference n1-n2 or n′1-n2 of the refractive index in the visible range is at least 0.08, and the thickness Ei is at least 500 nm, and even at least 800 nm.

3. The illuminable laminated glazing carrier top (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The optical isolation coating (5) is on the rear face Fb (52').

4. The illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The optical isolation coating (5) is on the front face Fa (51'), and the transparent film (5') is preferably transparent.

5. The illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to claim 1, characterized in that The laminate interlayer (3) or the further laminate interlayer (31', 32') is in adhesive contact with the coated substrate on one side of the coated surface and on the side opposite to the coated surface, and is characterized in that, optionally, a functional coating (6), in particular a local or discontinuous scattering functional coating, is in contact with the rear surface or with the optical isolation coating on the thermoplastic lower intermediate layer, in particular based on PVB, or on another thermoplastic lower intermediate layer, in particular based on PVB.

6. Illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The optical barrier coating (5) comprises a crosslinked polymer matrix having a refractive index n2 of preferably at most 1.42, the matrix preferably being selected from polymers based on polyacrylates with fluorinated functions, in particular polyurethane acrylates or fluorinated polyurethane acrylates or fluorinated silicone acrylates.

7. The illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The optical isolation coating comprises a refractive index n2 greater than n2 and less than n1 or n'1 m The matrix, and n2 m Preferably it is at most 1.48, and n2 is preferably at most 1.42, and comprises low-refractive-index (nano)pores and / or (nano)particles, having a refractive index less than n1 or less than n'1, in particular hollow, having a size of at most 300 nm.

8. Illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to the preceding claim, characterised in that The matrix is ​​an organic, in particular a crosslinked or thermoplastic polymer, in particular chosen from polymers based on polyacrylates, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyesters, polyurethanes, PVB, or characterized in that The matrix is ​​inorganic, in particular silicon dioxide.

9. The illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to claim 1, characterized in that It comprises a transparent protective layer (53) with a refractive index greater than n2, a thickness of sub-millimeter and even up to 100 μm, covering the optical isolation coating, said transparent protective layer: - in contact with the lower intermediate layer or another lower intermediate layer and even with the scattering functional coating (6) forming the light extraction means, - or in contact with the upper intermediate layer or another upper intermediate layer, said optical barrier coating being on the front face (51').

10. The illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to claim 1, characterized in that The transparent film (5') is recessed by at least 10 mm from the first or second edge face and, in particular, the thickness Ef of the transparent film (5) is at least 0.2 mm and the top comprises an intermediate frame layer (34) surrounding the periphery of the coated substrate and, in particular, between faces F2 and F3 in the first configuration i) or between faces F5 and F6 in the second configuration j).

11. Illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The transparent film (5') is a thermoplastic polymer or a cross-linked polymer, in particular polyester, polyethylene terephthalate PET, polybutylene terephthalate PBT, polyethylene naphthalate PEN, or polyacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polymethacrylate; preferably, the transparent film has a thickness Ef of at least 30 μm and preferably less than 200 μm.

12. Illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that It comprises a light source (4) optically coupled to a light guide arranged below the optical isolation coating, the light guide being further away from the second face F2 than the optical isolation coating, and preferably comprising a light extraction device (6) for extracting the light guided in the light guide, the light extraction device (6) preferably being on the side of the third face F3 in the first construction i) or on the side of the fifth face F5 in the second construction j).

13. The illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to claim 1, characterized in that It comprises light extraction means (6) below the optical isolation coating, said light extraction means (6) being further away from the face F2 than the optical isolation coating, said light extraction means (6) comprising a, preferably transparent, scattering coating having a binder and scattering particles, said binder preferably having a refractive index n5 greater than or equal to n1 or n3 or n'1 and n'3, in particular at least 1.48: - in a first configuration i), the lower intermediate layer or the second sheet is the substrate for the scattering coating, in particular optionally in contact with the optically isolating coating on face Fb, In a second configuration j), the other lower intermediate layer or the third sheet is the substrate for the scattering coating, thus being in contact on face F5 or F6, or on the side of the rear face Fb, in particular optionally with the optically isolating coating on face Fb.

14. Illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The binder of the scattering coating is an organic, in particular a cross-linked polymer selected from polymers based on polyacrylates, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetates, polyesters, and polyurethanes.

15. Illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to the preceding claim, characterised in that The binder of the scattering coating is a polyacrylate polymer, and the binder of the optical isolation coating is a polyacrylate polymer, in particular a polyacrylate with fluorinated functions and / or a polyacrylate with low refractive index nanoparticles or nanopores.

16. The illuminable laminated skylight for a vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: In a first configuration i), it comprises, on the side of the fourth face F4, a light source (4, 4'), preferably a set of light-emitting diodes, and a reflective light redirecting element (8, 8') on the third face F3, in particular a reflective light redirecting element comprising a reflective prism facing the third face F3 or facing the second face F2, or a transparent light redirecting element on the side of the fourth main face F4.

17. Illuminable laminated skylight for a vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that In a first configuration i), it comprises a light source, preferably a set of light-emitting diodes, on the side of the fourth face F4, and a light redirecting element (8, 8'), which is preferably a reflective prismatic element on the third face F3, comprising a reflective prism, in particular facing the side of the third face F3 or facing the second face F2, or which is preferably a transparent prismatic element on the side of the fourth main face F4, and characterized in that the light redirecting element: - at least partially facing said optical barrier coating, - or at most 4 mm, preferably at most 1 mm, from the optical barrier coating.

18. The illuminable laminated skylight for a vehicle according to any one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that The light redirecting element is a reflective prismatic element comprising a reflective prism, in particular facing the third face F3 or facing the second face F2, arranged on the side of the third main face F3, which: - on a third face F3, in particular in contact with the lower intermediate layer or intermediate frame layer, - In laminate interlayers, especially those based on PVB: - embedded in a lower intermediate layer (31), in particular based on PVB, or in an intermediate frame layer, in particular based on PVB, on the periphery of the coating film, on the lower intermediate layer, between the lower intermediate layer (32), in particular based on PVB, and the clear or pigmented upper intermediate layer (31) or on the periphery of the clear, pigmented and even opaque coating film, an intermediate frame layer, in particular based on PVB; - on the front face Fa or the back face Fb.

19. Illuminable laminated glazing carrier top according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that It is between the upper intermediate layer (31) and the lower intermediate layer (32), above the optical isolation coating, comprising an electrically controllable device, in particular with variable scattering or tint, comprising an electroactive layer between a front conductive support on the side of the second face F2 and a rear conductive support on the side of the third face F3, or a photovoltaic device, and It is preferably characterized in that the laminate sandwich comprises an additional intermediate layer (33), the coated substrate (5', 5) being sandwiched between the additional intermediate layer (33) and a lower intermediate layer (32).

20. Illuminable laminated glass roof for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that It includes at least one of the following functional elements: an internal opaque peripheral masking layer (7), between the second face F2 and the third face F3 and covering even the optical barrier coating and even the periphery of the coated substrate, in particular in contact with the second face F2, defining a transparent glass area; an inner opaque peripheral masking layer on the fourth face F4 or on the sixth face F6, in particular having the same width as or narrower than that of the inner masking layer; an internal opaque peripheral element ( 7 ′) between the second face F2 and the third face F3 , in particular for internal masking of the light source and the light redirecting element, in particular a transparent or reflective prismatic film, an inner conductive coating (18), in particular infrared-reflecting, such as a multilayer with one or more silver layers, on the second face F2 on the first transparent sheet, or on an additional film, in particular a polymer film; - an external conductive coating (17), in particular infrared-reflective, such as a multilayer with a transparent conductive oxide layer, on the fourth face F4 of the second sheet of inorganic glass in the first configuration i) or on the sixth face F6 of the second sheet of inorganic glass in the second configuration j).

21. Vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, incorporating at least one illuminable laminated roof window according to one of the preceding claims.

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