Feed composition for enhancing parent of micropterus salmoides and application of feed composition

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feed, and particularly relates to a feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents and application of the feed composition. Aiming at the physiological development characteristics of parents, functional substances such as arginine, lysine, vitamin E, organic selenium, manganese and zinc required for promoting gonad development are supplemented, the brood amount is further increased, and the gonad index is improved. In order to improve the health condition of parents and vertically spread the good health condition to the offspring, substances for healthy development of the parents and the offspring, such as biological fermentation fibers, beer yeast, astaxanthin and bovine lactoferrin peptide, are supplemented, so that the fertilization rate, the hatching rate, the emergence rate and the survival rate of offspring seeds are increased. According to the parent strengthening feed, the synergistic interaction effect of lecithin oil, vitamin E, organic trace elements and biosynthetic substances such as bovine lactoferrin peptide and astaxanthin on the reproductive capacity of aquatic animal parents is greatly exerted, and the application effect advantages in the aspect of improving the brood amount, the fertilization rate, the emergence rate and the filial generation survival rate of micropterus salmoides are obvious.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feed and seed breeding, and particularly relates to a feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the core source of material and energy for farmed animals, feed not only directly impacts their growth and development but also plays a crucial role in the body's immune function. Research has shown that nutritionally balanced feed significantly improves the growth and reproductive capacity of farmed animals, while also maintaining their health by enhancing their immune and antioxidant functions. This characteristic is particularly critical for pre- and post-partum mothers.

[0003] Largemouth black bass, commonly known as the fifth largest fish, is highly sought after in the market for its lack of intramuscular spines, tender flesh, and nutritious nutrition. However, in recent years, inconsistent seed quality has become a key bottleneck hindering the sustainable development of the industry. As a typical carnivorous fish, largemouth black bass breeding currently relies primarily on chilled baits such as fish paste and surimi. However, these baits have multiple drawbacks: poor source stability, unbalanced nutritional profiles, and a high risk of pathogens and infections. Furthermore, the risk of vertical transmission of pathogens complicates seed control, leading to a significant decrease in fry survival rates and significant economic losses.

[0004] Patent CN2020109198687 discloses an artificial induced spawning mixture and artificial breeding method for largemouth black bass. The technology discloses a secondary induced spawning, which carries certain risks. Parent fish consume significant energy during their initial spawning and reproduction process, and the induced spawning drugs themselves have side effects, which can reduce the broodstock's immune system. If the broodstock have not fully recovered at this time, they are more susceptible to pathogen infection and disease. While precisely proportioned, high-quality compound feeds offer advantages such as stable quality and reduced risk of bacterial infection, there is currently a lack of highly effective artificial compound feeds specifically designed for largemouth black bass broodstock. Existing research and production practices have shown that feeding ordinary artificial compound feeds throughout the breeding process can lead to delayed gonadal development, low fertility, difficulty in postpartum recovery, and low offspring survival rates. This has led to chilled fish remaining the preferred bait for largemouth black bass breeding. Therefore, accelerating the development of artificial compound feeds specifically for largemouth black bass breeding and research into their application technologies has become an urgent need for the industry to break through development bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents and its application.

[0006] The technical contents of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] The present invention provides a feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents, wherein the feed composition comprises a protein source component, a fat source component, carbohydrates, trace substances and a nutritional strengthening component;

[0008] The protein source components include 35-50% fish meal, 6-8% Antarctic krill meal, 0-6% chicken meal, 0-6% meat and bone meal, 0-6% soy protein concentrate, 6-18% soybean meal, and 2-8% rapeseed meal;

[0009] The fat source component includes 2-6% soybean lecithin oil, 1-5% fish oil, and 0-4% soybean oil;

[0010] The carbohydrates include 0-10% high-refined flour, 1-4% low-grade flour, and 0-8% cassava flour;

[0011] The trace substances include 0.05-0.15% of carnivorous fish vitamin premix and 0.2-0.8% of carnivorous fish trace element premix;

[0012] The nutritional fortification components include 0-2% of brewer's yeast extract, 0-2% of biological fermentation fiber, 0.02-0.1% of vitamin E, 0.2-0.6% of vitamin C, 0.06-0.3% of arginine, 0.2-0.6% of methionine, 0.02-0.08% of lysine, 0.2-0.6% of tryptophan, 500-800mg / kg of astaxanthin, 0.1-0.2% of bovine lactoferrin peptide, 0.5-1.5mg / kg of organic manganese, 1-6mg / kg of organic zinc, 0.5-1.5mg / kg of selenomethionine, and 0.2-0.6% of monocalcium phosphate.

[0013] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned feed composition in preparing a fortified feed for largemouth bass parents. The preparation method comprises: crushing a protein source component and a carbohydrate, uniformly mixing them with trace substances and a nutritional fortification component (except astaxanthin), and finally spraying astaxanthin and a fat source component to obtain the feed composition.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] The feed composition fortified for largemouth bass parents of the present invention uses high-quality raw materials to meet the nutritional growth and physiological needs of largemouth bass parents, and on the premise of enhancing the parents' resistance to stress and adversity, ensures the nutrients required for rapid and high-quality development of the gonads, such as protein, fat, tryptophan, arginine, and vitamin C. This improves the body indicators of largemouth bass parents, reduces abdominal fat rate, promotes gonadal development of largemouth bass parents, increases egg fertility, fertilization rate, and emergence rate, improves gonadal index, and improves the survival rate of the first generation 14 days. Based on the physiological development characteristics of the parents, additional functional substances required for promoting gonadal development, such as arginine, lysine, vitamin E, organic selenium, manganese, and zinc, are supplemented to further increase egg fertility and improve the gonadal index. To improve the health of the parents and vertically transmit good health to their offspring, additional functional substances for the healthy development of the parents and offspring, such as bio-fermented fiber, brewer's yeast, astaxanthin, and bovine lactoferrin peptide, are supplemented to improve the fertilization rate, hatching rate, emergence rate, seedling survival rate, and postpartum recovery ability. This enriched parent feed maximizes the synergistic effects of lecithin oil, vitamin E, organic trace elements, and biosynthetic substances such as bovine lactoferrin peptide and astaxanthin on the reproductive capacity of aquatic animal parents. Compared with existing largemouth bass parent feeds, the enriched parent feed disclosed in this invention significantly improves largemouth bass egg yield, fertilization rate, emergence rate, offspring survival rate, and postpartum recovery ability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the gonadal development status of largemouth bass fed with the parental fortified feed of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the growth status of largemouth bass fry fed with the parental enriched feed of the present invention for 14 days;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the gonadal development status of largemouth black bass broodstock after spawning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific implementation cases and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent modifications of the present invention by those skilled in the art are all within the scope of the claims attached to this application.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials and reagents in the present invention are commercially available raw materials and reagents.

[0021] A feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents, comprising a protein source component, a fat source component, carbohydrates, trace substances and a nutritional strengthening component;

[0022] The protein source components include 35-50% fish meal, 6-8% Antarctic krill meal, 0-6% chicken meal, 0-6% meat and bone meal, 0-6% soy protein concentrate, 6-18% soybean meal, and 2-8% rapeseed meal;

[0023] The fat source component includes 2-6% soybean lecithin oil, 1-5% fish oil, and 0-4% soybean oil;

[0024] The carbohydrates include 0-10% high-refined flour, 1-4% low-grade flour, and 0-8% cassava flour;

[0025] The trace substances include 0.05-0.15% of carnivorous fish vitamin premix and 0.2-0.8% of carnivorous fish trace element premix;

[0026] The nutritional fortification components include 0-2% of brewer's yeast extract, 0-2% of biological fermentation fiber, 0.02-0.1% of vitamin E, 0.2-0.6% of vitamin C, 0.06-0.3% of arginine, 0.2-0.6% of methionine, 0.02-0.08% of lysine, 0.2-0.6% of tryptophan, 500-800mg / kg of astaxanthin, 0.1-0.2% of bovine lactoferrin peptide, 0.5-1.5mg / kg of organic manganese, 1-6mg / kg of organic zinc, 0.5-1.5mg / kg of selenomethionine, and 0.2-0.6% of monocalcium phosphate.

[0027] The feed composition fortified for largemouth bass parent of the present invention is formulated as shown in Table 1:

[0028] Table 1 Feed ingredient formula

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] In the preparation of the above feed, the components except astaxanthin and oil are directly crushed and then mixed in multiple stages. Finally, astaxanthin and oil are sprayed on the feed before use as feed.

[0032] Largemouth seabass fry (about 7 g) were fed with the feeds prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and were fed once a day at 9 a.m. and 16 p.m., respectively. After continuous feeding, largemouth seabass (prenatal) fed to 400 g-500 g were randomly selected to detect their growth, gonadal development, etc. The results were as follows:

[0033] Table 2 Effects of parental enrichment feed on growth and gonadal index of largemouth bass

[0034] project Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Initial average body weight (g / tail) 400.74±10.10 401.30±3.16 Final average body weight (g / tail) 506.74±3.99 496.86±11.97 Survival rate (%) 99.26±0.37 99.26±0.37 Fatness (%) 2.42±0.05 2.36±0.06 Intestine to body ratio (%) 0.66±0.03 0.66±0.02 Visceral to body ratio (%) 9.00±0.29 9.30±0.33 Abdominal fat percentage (%) 2.68±0.10 2.59±0.14 Gonadal index (male %) 0.65±0.09 0.66±0.03 Gonadal index (female %) 1.79±0.78 3.71±0.98

[0035] As shown in Table 2, the parent-fortified feed of the present invention has little difference in body weight, body shape, and visceral indices compared to Comparative Example 1 (commercial feed), but the difference in gonadal index is more obvious. In particular, for female fish, Example 1 (3.71±0.98%) is significantly higher than Comparative Example 1 (1.79±0.78%), with an increase of 107%, indicating that the parent-fortified feed of the present invention has a significant promoting effect on female gonadal development.

[0036] Table 3 Effects of parental enrichment feed on egg mass, fertilization rate, hatching rate, emergence rate and survival rate of largemouth bass

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] As can be seen from Table 3, in the total egg production, Example 1 is 2.17 times that of Comparative Example 1; in the average egg production of female fish, Example 1 is 2.28 times that of Comparative Example 1, and the egg production per kilogram of body weight (9328.43 grains / kg) reaches 2.26 times that of Comparative Example 1 (4132.57 grains / kg), indicating that the feed of Example 1 significantly improves the egg-laying ability of female fish; and from the total number of brown pieces on 15 days, Example 1 is much higher than Comparative Example 1, which may reflect the increase in ovarian development speed or egg-laying batches. From the perspective of fertilization and hatching efficiency, the fertilization rate of Example 1 is 6.65% higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and the hatching rate and 3d fry survival rate are also improved, indicating that the quality of fertilized eggs and the stability of early embryonic development are enhanced. From the perspective of fry growth and survival rate, the emergence rate of Example 1 is higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and the fry weight is also better, indicating that the feed indirectly promotes the early growth of offspring by improving the nutrition of parent fish.

[0040] Depend on Figure 1 、 Figure 2 It can also be seen that the feed obtained in the embodiment of the present invention fed largemouth bass, its female ovarian maturity, ovarian color, and liver color were better than those in comparative example 1 ( Figure 1 The development of male testicles and liver health are similar to those of females. The size and shape of the fry in the case of the same period are significantly better than those in the control case ( Figure 2 ).

[0041] The growth and gonadal development of post-spawning largemouth bass broodstock were tested, and the results are as follows:

[0042] Table 4 Effects of parental enrichment feed on growth and gonadal development of post-spawning largemouth bass broodstock

[0043] project Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Initial average body weight g / tail 593.9. 641.37 Final average body weight g / tail 627.93 742.59 Weight gain rate% 5.72 9.97 Survival rate% 87.88 93.10 <![CDATA[Condition factor g / cm 3 > 2.23 2.36 Visceral ratio% 9.48 8.07 Abdominal fat ratio% 3.53 2.45 Gonadal index (female)% 8.64 11.79 Gonadal index (male)% 1.34 2.15

[0044] As shown in Table 4, after 2 months of nutritional enhancement, the weight gain rate and survival rate of the largemouth bass broodstock treated with the treatment were higher than those of the control group, while the organ-to-body ratio and abdominal fat rate were the opposite. The recovery of gonadal development was better than that of the control group. The gonadal index of both males and females was higher than that of the control group, with females being 36.46% higher and males being 60.45% higher. Figure 3 It can be seen that in the postpartum broodstock, the female ovarian maturity, ovarian color, and liver color are still better than those in comparative example 1. This shows that the feed can effectively improve the growth of postpartum broodstock of largemouth bass and significantly promote the development of gonads.

[0045] As can be seen, although the parent-fortified feed of the present invention did not significantly improve the final body weight of largemouth bass, it significantly promoted female gonadal development (doubling the gonadal index) by optimizing nutrient distribution (such as increasing the protein source or nutrient-fortified components), and significantly increased egg production, fertilization rate, and fry survival rate. Compared with existing largemouth bass parent feeds, the parent-fortified feed disclosed in the present invention has obvious advantages in increasing largemouth bass egg production, fertilization rate, fry emergence rate, and offspring survival rate.

Claims

1. A feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents, characterized in that: The feed composition comprises a protein source component, a fat source component, carbohydrates, trace substances and a nutritional enhancement component; The nutritional enhancement component includes bovine lactoferrin peptide.

2. The feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by percentage of the total amount of the feed composition, the protein source components include 35-50% fish meal, 6-8% Antarctic krill meal, 0-6% chicken meal, 0-6% meat and bone meal, 0-6% soy protein concentrate, 6-18% soybean meal, and 2-8% rapeseed meal.

3. The feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by percentage of the total amount of the feed composition, the fat source component includes 2-6% soybean lecithin oil, 1-5% fish oil, and 0-4% soybean oil.

4. The feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by percentage of the total amount of the feed composition, the carbohydrates include 0-10% of high-refined flour, 1-4% of low-grade flour and 0-8% of cassava flour.

5. The feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by percentage of the total amount of the feed composition, the trace substances include 0.05-0.15% of carnivorous fish vitamin premix and 0.2-0.8% of carnivorous fish trace element premix.

6. The feed composition for strengthening largemouth bass parents according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by percentage of the total amount of the feed composition, the nutritional fortification components include 0-2% of brewer's yeast extract, 0-2% of bio-fermented fiber, 0.02-0.1% of vitamin E, 0.2-0.6% of vitamin C, 0.06-0.3% of arginine, 0.2-0.6% of methionine, 0.02-0.08% of lysine, 0.2-0.6% of tryptophan, 500-800 mg / kg of astaxanthin, 0.1-0.2% of bovine lactoferrin peptide, 0.5-1.5 mg / kg of organic manganese, 1-6 mg / kg of organic zinc, 0.5-1.5 mg / kg of selenomethionine, and 0.2-0.6% of monocalcium phosphate.

7. Use of the feed composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in preparing a fortified feed for largemouth bass.

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