Feed additive and compound feed for improving muscle quality of litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed additive and compound feed for improving the muscle quality of litopenaeus vannamei, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed. The feed additive comprises the following air-dried substance components in percentage by weight: 1%-30% of procyanidine, 1%-30% of levodopa and 40%-98% of broad bean powder, the compound feed comprises the feed additive and a main feed composed of fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, peanut meal, wheat middling, squid paste, fish oil, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, mineral premix and the like. According to the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed, the synthesis of muscle collagen is promoted through the procyanidine, the muscle hardness, chewiness and shearing force are improved, meanwhile, the content of free amino acid is increased through the levodopa, the wind taste of the muscle is improved, and the antioxidant capacity and the water retention capacity of the muscle are improved, so that the muscle quality of the litopenaeus vannamei is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed, and particularly relates to a feed additive and a compound feed for improving the muscle quality of Litopenaeus vannamei. Background Art

[0002] Penaeus vannamei Boone, commonly known as the South American whiteleg shrimp, belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea, order Decapoda, family Penaeidae, and genus Penaeus. It is a eurythermal and euryhaline tropical shrimp native to the Pacific coastal waters of America and one of the three major shrimp farmed species worldwide. Currently, Penaeus vannamei farming focuses on high yields. However, due to the degradation of genetic resources, deteriorating aquaculture environments, and reduced fishmeal usage in feed, the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei has declined to varying degrees, primarily manifesting in a loss of flavor and taste. This decline is particularly pronounced in freshwater cultured Penaeus vannamei, impacting the healthy development of the industry.

[0003] Currently, methods and technologies for improving the meat quality of farmed Penaeus vannamei shrimp exist. For example, patent document CN1775065A discloses a flavor-enhancing additive for low-salt farmed Penaeus vannamei feed, whose main ingredients are salt and betaine. Patent document CN110720570A discloses a feed additive for improving the meat quality of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), whose main components are Chinese herbal medicines including galangal, sappan wood, licorice, earthworm powder, and rose pollen, combined with Haematococcus pluvialis, Bacillus licheniformis, and betaine. Patent document CN104664083A discloses a feed additive for improving the taste of freshwater meat of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), which includes tea polyphenols, grape seed extract, vitamin C, hemoglobin powder, and yeast powder. However, existing technologies have not been effective in improving the meat quality of P. vannamei shrimp. Further development of methods to improve the muscle quality of farmed P. vannamei shrimp is an urgent task facing the P. vannamei aquaculture industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei, improving the muscle flavor while increasing muscle hardness, chewiness, shear force, antioxidant capacity and water retention performance.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a compound feed for Penaeus vannamei, which comprises the feed additive, improves the elasticity, chewiness, flavor substance content and water holding capacity of the muscles of Penaeus vannamei, and significantly improves the muscle quality.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei, comprising the following air-dried material components in percentage by weight: 1% to 30% proanthocyanidins, 1% to 30% levodopa, and 40% to 98% broad bean powder.

[0008] Preferably, the proanthocyanidin is condensed tannin, and the proanthocyanidin concentration is ≥95%.

[0009] Preferably, the levodopa is 3,4-dihydroxy L-phenylalanine, and the levodopa concentration is ≥98%.

[0010] Preferably, the broad bean powder is in powder form and is obtained by crushing dry broad beans and then passing through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a compound feed for Penaeus vannamei, comprising a main feed and the feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei, wherein the main feed comprises the following air-dried matter components in percentage by weight: 14% to 19% fish meal, 5% to 12% chicken meal, 20% to 30% soybean meal, 5% to 10% soybean protein concentrate, 5% to 12% peanut meal, 20% to 30% second-grade flour, 4% squid paste, 1.5% fish oil, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 1% vitamin premix, and 2% mineral premix.

[0012] Preferably, the feed additive is added in an amount of 0.1% to 5.0%, which improves the elasticity, chewiness and flavor content of the muscle, making the shrimp meat sweet and chewy, while also enhancing the muscle's antioxidant capacity and reducing the shrimp meat's water loss rate during cooking.

[0013] Preferably, the compound feed for Penaeus vannamei is prepared by the following preparation method: the raw materials are crushed through 80 mesh, mixed evenly, introduced with 4% steam for conditioning, a ring die pelletizer is used to produce sinking granular feed, the feed is post-matured at 95° C. for 20 minutes, and dried to obtain the feed.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The present invention provides a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei. The compound feed for Penaeus vannamei prepared from the feed, on the one hand, promotes the expression of genes related to muscle protein formation through proanthocyanidins, promotes muscle collagen synthesis, and improves muscle hardness, chewiness, and shear force. On the other hand, L-dopa increases the free amino acid content, enhances the flavor of the muscle, and improves the muscle's antioxidant capacity and water retention, thereby improving shrimp muscle quality. The feed is suitable for Penaeus vannamei farming. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to more fully understand and demonstrate the technical solutions, objectives, and advantages of the present invention, the technical effects produced by the present invention are further described in detail and completely in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, other embodiments obtained without departing from the concept of the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The following example provides a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei. The feed additive comprises, by weight percentage on an air-dried basis, 1%-30% proanthocyanidins, 1%-30% levodopa, and 40%-98% broad bean powder. Adding the feed additive at a weight ratio of 0.1% to 5.0% to the main feed of Penaeus vannamei produces a composite feed for Penaeus vannamei that improves muscle firmness, chewiness, and shear force, enhances muscle flavor, and improves muscle antioxidant capacity and water retention.

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] This embodiment provides a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei. The feed additive comprises, in terms of weight percentage of air-dried matter, 2.5% proanthocyanidins, 1.5% levodopa, and 96% broad bean powder.

[0021] The above components are mixed to obtain a feed additive, which is then added to a main feed of Penaeus vannamei at an addition amount of 4.0%. The feed additive comprises: 15% fish meal, 10% chicken meal, 25% soybean meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 10% peanut meal, 21% second-grade flour, 4% squid paste, 1.5% fish oil, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 1% vitamin premix, and 2% mineral premix. The raw materials are ground through 80 mesh, mixed evenly, and 4% steam is introduced for conditioning. A ring die pelletizer is used to produce sinking granular feed, which is post-matured at 95°C for 20 minutes and dried to obtain a compound feed for Penaeus vannamei.

[0022] Comparative Example 1

[0023] This comparative example provides a feed for Penaeus vannamei, comprising: 19% fish meal, 10% chicken meal, 25% soybean meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 10% peanut meal, 21% second-grade flour, 4% squid paste, 1.5% fish oil, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 1% vitamin premix, and 2% mineral premix. The raw materials are ground through 80 mesh, mixed evenly, and conditioned by passing 4% steam. The feed is produced into sinking pellets using a ring die pelletizer, and then post-matured at 95°C for 20 minutes and dried to obtain the feed for Penaeus vannamei.

[0024] The vannamei compound feed prepared in Example 1 and the vannamei feed prepared in Comparative Example 1 were fed to vannamei shrimp weighing 2.2 g for 8 weeks. The results of the meat quality index determination are shown in Table 1.

[0025] Table 1

[0026]

[0027] As shown in Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, feeding the compound feed of Litopenaeus vannamei in Example 1 significantly increased muscle hardness, elasticity, chewiness, shear force, free amino acids, and collagen content, and significantly reduced muscle loss after steaming and boiling. Upon tasting, the Litopenaeus vannamei muscle was chewy and had a sweet flavor.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] This embodiment provides a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei. The feed additive comprises, in terms of weight percentage of air-dried matter, 10% proanthocyanidins, 30% levodopa, and 60% broad bean powder.

[0030] The above components are mixed to obtain a feed additive, which is then added to a main feed of Penaeus vannamei at an addition amount of 0.2%. The feed additive comprises: 18% fish meal, 10% meat and bone meal, 23% soybean meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 10% peanut meal, 24.8% second-grade flour, 3% squid paste, 1% fish oil, 2% soybean lecithin, 1% vitamin premix, and 2% mineral premix. The raw materials are ground through 80 mesh, mixed evenly, and conditioned by passing 4% steam. A ring die pelletizer is used to produce sinking granular feed, which is then post-matured at 95°C for 20 minutes and dried to obtain a compound feed for Penaeus vannamei.

[0031] Comparative Example 2

[0032] This comparative example provides a feed for Penaeus vannamei, comprising: 18% fish meal, 10% meat and bone meal, 23% soybean meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 10% peanut meal, 25% second-grade flour, 3% squid paste, 1% fish oil, 2% soybean lecithin, 1% vitamin premix, and 2% mineral premix. The raw materials are ground through 80 mesh, uniformly mixed, and tempered with 4% steam. A ring die pelletizer is used to produce sinking pellets, which are then post-matured at 95°C for 20 minutes and dried to produce the Penaeus vannamei feed.

[0033] The vannamei compound feed prepared in Example 2 and the vannamei feed prepared in Comparative Example 2 were fed to vannamei shrimp weighing 1.5 g for 8 weeks. The results of the meat quality index determination are shown in Table 2.

[0034] Table 2

[0035]

[0036] As shown in Table 2, compared with Comparative Example 2, feeding the compound feed of Litopenaeus vannamei in Example 2 significantly increased muscle hardness, elasticity, chewiness, shear force, free amino acids, and collagen content, and significantly reduced muscle loss after steaming and boiling. Upon tasting, the Litopenaeus vannamei muscle was chewy and had a sweet flavor.

[0037] Comparative Example 3

[0038] This comparative example provides a feed for Penaeus vannamei, wherein the composition of the feed additive for Penaeus vannamei is as follows: 100% broad bean powder is added to the main feed for Penaeus vannamei at an addition amount of 4.0%, and the main feed for Penaeus vannamei is the same as that in Example 1.

[0039] The vannamei shrimp feed prepared in this comparative example was fed to vannamei shrimp weighing 2.2 g for 8 weeks, and the results of the meat quality index determination are shown in Table 3.

[0040] Table 3

[0041]

[0042] Table 3 shows that the hardness, elasticity, chewiness, shear force, collagen content, and free amino acid content of the shrimp muscle in Comparative Example 3 were slightly improved compared to those in Comparative Example 1, and the water loss rate during steaming and boiling was slightly reduced. Tasting revealed no significant differences in the chewiness, elasticity, or flavor of the shrimp muscle.

[0043] Comparative Example 4

[0044] This comparative example provides a feed for Penaeus vannamei, wherein the feed additive for Penaeus vannamei comprises: 2.5% proanthocyanidins and 97.5% broad bean powder, which are added to the main feed for Penaeus vannamei at an addition amount of 4.0%. The main feed for Penaeus vannamei is the same as that in Example 1.

[0045] The vannamei shrimp feed prepared in this comparative example was fed to vannamei shrimp weighing 2.2 g for 8 weeks, and the results of the meat quality index determination are shown in Table 4.

[0046] Table 4

[0047]

[0048] As shown in Table 4, the hardness, elasticity, chewiness, collagen content, and shear force of the shrimp muscle in Comparative Example 4 were significantly improved. However, the free amino acid content and water loss rate during steaming and boiling were not significantly improved. Upon tasting, the shrimp muscle was chewy and elastic, but there was no difference in flavor.

[0049] Comparative Example 5

[0050] This comparative example provides a feed for Penaeus vannamei, wherein the feed additive for Penaeus vannamei comprises: 1.5% levodopa and 98.5% broad bean powder, which are added to the main feed of Penaeus vannamei at an addition amount of 4.0%. The main feed of Penaeus vannamei is the same as that in Example 1.

[0051] The vannamei shrimp feed prepared in this comparative example was fed to vannamei shrimp weighing 2.2 g for 8 weeks, and the results of the meat quality index determination are shown in Table 5.

[0052] Table 5

[0053]

[0054] Table 5 shows that the free amino acid content of the shrimp muscle in Comparative Example 5 was significantly increased, and the water loss rate during steaming and boiling was significantly reduced. However, there were no significant improvements in muscle hardness, elasticity, chewiness, collagen content, or shear force. Upon tasting, the shrimp muscle tasted sweet, with no significant difference in chewiness.

[0055] In summary, the present invention obtains a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei by combining the three ingredients of proanthocyanidins, levodopa and broad bean powder. The feed additive can exert a synergistic effect, improve the elasticity, hardness, chewiness and shear force of the muscle, increase the content of muscle flavor substances (free amino acids) and collagen, and reduce the cooking loss of the muscle (improve the water retention performance of the muscle).

[0056] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei, characterized in that: The air-dried material comprises the following weight percentages: 1% to 30% of proanthocyanidins, 1% to 30% of levodopa and 40% to 98% of broad bean powder.

2. The feed additive for improving muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, characterized in that The proanthocyanidin is condensed tannin, and the proanthocyanidin concentration is ≥95%.

3. The feed additive for improving muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, characterized in that The levodopa is 3,4-dihydroxy L-phenylalanine, and the levodopa concentration is ≥98%.

4. The feed additive for improving muscle quality of Penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, characterized in that The broad bean powder is in powder form and is obtained by crushing dry broad beans and then passing through an 80-mesh sieve.

5. A compound feed for Penaeus vannamei, characterized in that: The method comprises a main feed and the feed additive for improving the muscle quality of Litopenaeus vannamei according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The main feed comprises the following air-dried material components in percentage by weight: 14% to 19% fish meal, 5% to 12% chicken meal, 20% to 30% soybean meal, 5% to 10% soybean protein concentrate, 5% to 12% peanut meal, 20% to 30% second-grade flour, 4% squid paste, 1.5% fish oil, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 1% vitamin premix, and 2% mineral premix.

6. The compound feed for Penaeus vannamei according to claim 5, characterized in that The added amount of the feed additive is 0.1% to 5.0%.

7. The compound feed for Penaeus vannamei according to claim 5, characterized in that The compound feed for white shrimp is prepared by the following preparation method: all raw materials are crushed through 80 mesh, mixed evenly, introduced with 4% steam for conditioning, a ring die pelletizer is used to produce sinking granular feed, the feed is post-matured at 95° C. for 20 minutes, and dried to obtain the feed.

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